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Huang M, Zhao L, Wang Z, Sun X, Shang Q, Li Y, Li M, Geng H, Hu S, Yang Y. Effect of plant species on wastewater treatment performance of a subsurface vertical-flow constructed wetland with step-feeding at low temperature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122546. [PMID: 39299120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
To improve the treatment performance of constructed wetlands under low-temperature conditions, this study investigated the effects of plant species on wastewater treatment performance at low temperature and the associated microbiological characteristics in a subsurface vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) with step-feeding. The results showed that the redox microenvironment in the VFCW filter with step-feeding could be restored and optimized by planting appropriate species that can tolerate low temperature, ensuring a high nitrification performance for the system. Correspondingly, the abundance and activity of three functional microbes (namely nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and anammox bacteria) increased to different degrees in the system, eventually ensuring ideal nitrogen removal by the VFCW. Compared with the VFCW planted with Phragmites australis and Acorus gramineus, the operation performance of the VFCW planted with Iris wilsonii could be recovered at low temperature, and its chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and ammonium nitrate removal rates could respectively reach 95.7%, 99.2%, 93.0%, and 94.4%, respectively. Moreover, nitrogen removal in the system relied on the nitrification/denitrification and partial denitrification - anaerobic ammonium oxidation processes. Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Thauera, and Candidatus Brocadia were the four dominant bacterial genera in the filter layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for Technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for Technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ximing Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for Technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Qiongqiong Shang
- Nanchang Hangkong University, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Yihan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for Technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Mengxiao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for Technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongzhi Geng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for Technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Siyu Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for Technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for Technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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2
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Szota C, Danger A, Poelsma PJ, Hatt BE, James RB, Rickard A, Burns MJ, Cherqui F, Grey V, Coleman RA, Fletcher TD. Developing simple indicators of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in constructed stormwater wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172192. [PMID: 38604363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying pollutant removal by stormwater wetlands requires intensive sampling which is cost-prohibitive for authorities responsible for a large number of wetlands. Wetland managers require simple indicators that provide a practical means of estimating performance and prioritising maintenance works across their asset base. We therefore aimed to develop vegetation cover and metrics derived from monitoring water level, as simple indicators of likely nutrient pollutant removal from stormwater wetlands. Over a two-year period, we measured vegetation cover and water levels at 17 wetlands and used both to predict nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal. Vegetation cover explained 48 % of variation in total nitrogen (TN) removal; with a linear relationship suggesting an approximate 9 % loss in TN removal per 10 % decrease in vegetation cover. Vegetation cover is therefore a useful indicator of TN removal. Further development of remotely-sensed data on vegetation configuration, species and condition will likely improve the accuracy of TN removal estimates. Total phosphorus (TP) removal was not predicted by vegetation cover, but was weakly related to the median water level which explained 25 % of variation TP removal. Despite weak prediction of TP removal, metrics derived from water level sensors identified faults such as excessive inflow and inefficient outflow, which in combination explained 50 % of the variation in the median water level. Monitoring water levels therefore has the potential to detect faults prior to loss of vegetation cover and therefore TN removal, as well as inform the corrective action required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Szota
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Peter J Poelsma
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda E Hatt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert B James
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Rickard
- Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Burns
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frédéric Cherqui
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia; Univ Lyon, INSA-LYON, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, DEEP, F-69621, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vaughn Grey
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhys A Coleman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim D Fletcher
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, Victoria, Australia
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Akadiri SA, Dada PO, Badejo AA, Adeosun OJ, Ogunrinde AT, Faloye OT. Phytoremediation of an integrated poultry and aquaculture wastewater using sub-surface constructed wetland planted with Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1133-1143. [PMID: 38140944 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2294485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on assessing the effectiveness of vertical subsurface constructed wetlands (VSFCW) in purifying integrated poultry and aquaculture wastewater (PAW) in a tropical region. This evaluation encompassed the treatment of physico-chemical, heavy metal, and microbiological pollutants across three distinct climatic seasons and hydraulic retention time (HRT: 21 days). Parameters such as BOD (29.50 mg/L), COD (56.67 mg/L), Zn (2.97 mg/L), Cr (0.24 mg/L), Cu (1.78 mg/L), Pb (0.21 mg/L), total fecal coliform (866.67 cfu/mL), total coliform (1666.67 cfu/mL), E. coli (1133.33 cfu/mL), and Salmonella/Shigella (700 cfu/mL) exceeded the discharge limits for wastewater into nearby surface water bodies. Significant removal efficiencies were observed for all parameters tested in the CW planted with both Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia. The macrophytes showed similar removal efficiencies for all tested parameters, and there was no significant difference in the initial concentrations of the parameters based on the experimental season, except for microbial properties. This suggests that weather conditions did not significantly impact the concentration of physical and chemical properties in the wastewater. Consequently, this study successfully demonstrates the potential of using a VSFCW for effective treatment of PAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrach A Akadiri
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ondo State Local Government Service Commission, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Pius O Dada
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle A Badejo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi J Adeosun
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Akinwale T Ogunrinde
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun T Faloye
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Jiang X, Wang M, He D, Zhu J, Yang S, Fang F, Yang L. Submerged macrophyte promoted nitrogen removal function of biofilms in constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169666. [PMID: 38184255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm is one of the important factors affecting nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, the impact of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen conversion of biofilms on leaf of submerged macrophyte and matrix remains poorly understood. In this study, the CWs with Vallisneria natans and with artificial plant were established to investigate the effects of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen conversion and the composition of nitrogen-converting bacteria in leaf and matrix biofilms under high ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) loading. The 16S rRNA sequencing method was employed to explore the changes in bacterial communities in biofilms in CWs. The results showed that average removal rates of total nitrogen and NH4+-N in CW with V. natans reached 71.38% and 82.08%, respectively, representing increases of 24.19% and 28.79% compared with the control with artificial plant. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that high NH4+-N damaged the leaf cells of V. natans, leading to the cellular content release and subsequent increases of aqueous total organic carbon. However, the specific surface area and carrier function of V. natans were unaffected within 25 days. As a natural source of organic matters, submerged macrophyte provided organic matters for bacterial growth in biofilms. Bacterial composition analysis revealed the predominance of phylum Proteobacteria in CW with V. natans. The numbers of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in leaf biofilms reached 1.66 × 105 cells/g and 1.05 × 107 cells/g, as well as 2.79 × 105 cells/g and 7.41 × 107 cells/g in matrix biofilms, respectively. Submerged macrophyte significantly increased the population of nitrogen-converting bacteria and enhanced the expressions of nitrification genes (amoA and hao) and denitrification genes (napA, nirS and nosZ) in both leaf and matrix biofilms. Therefore, our study emphasized the influence of submerged macrophyte on biofilm functions and provided a scientific basis for nitrogen removal of biofilms in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, PR China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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González T, Miranda JP, Gómez G, Puigagut J, Vidal G. Saturated constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell system and effect on dissolved oxygen gradient, electricity generation and ammonium removal. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:624-638. [PMID: 36101485 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess effect of saturated constructed wetland-Microbial fuel cell system on dissolved oxygen gradient, electricity generation and ammonium removal. Two laboratory-scale systems, one planted with Schoenoplectus californicus (SCW1-MFC) and other without plant (SCW2-MFC), were fed discontinuously with synthetic wastewater over 90 days. Both systems were operated at different organic loading rate (12 and 28 g COD/m2d) and ammonium loading rate (1.6 and 3.0 g NH4+- N/m2 d) under open circuit and close circuit mode. The results indicate that between lower and upper zones of wetlands the average values were in the range of 1.22 ± 0.32 to 1.39 ± 0.27 mg O2/L in SCW1-MFC and 1.28 ± 0.24 to 1.56 ± 0.31 mg O2/L in SCW2-MFC. The effect of operating mode (closed and open circuit) and vegetation on DO was not significant (p > 0.05). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies, fluctuated between 90 and 95% in the SCW1-MFC and 82 and 94% in the SCW2-MFC system. Regarding NH4+- N, removal efficiencies were above 85% in both systems reaching values maximus 98%. The maximum power density generated was 4 and 10 mW/m2 in SCW1-MFC, while SCW2-MFC recorded the highest values (12 and 22 mW/m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais González
- Engineering and Biotechnology Environmental Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Miranda
- Engineering and Biotechnology Environmental Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gloria Gómez
- Engineering and Biotechnology Environmental Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaume Puigagut
- Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology (GEMMA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Engineering and Biotechnology Environmental Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty & Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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6
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Li C, Feng L, Lian J, Yu X, Fan C, Hu Z, Wu H. Enhancement of organics and nutrient removal and microbial mechanism in vertical flow constructed wetland under a static magnetic field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117192. [PMID: 36621318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low and unstable pollutant removal is regarded as the bottleneck problem in constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment. This study investigated the effect of static magnetic field (MF) on enhancing the purification efficiency and microbial mechanism in vertical flow CW systems for treating domestic wastewater. The results showed that MF-CWs outperformed control systems in terms of treatment performance, with average removal efficiencies of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP reaching 92.58%, 73.58%, 72.53%, and 95.83%, respectively. The change of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity indicated that MF application was beneficial for plant health. Additionally, higher ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity in MF-CWs suggested the removal of NH4+-N was facilitated. The high-throughput sequencing results demonstrated that MF application could enrich the functional bacteria such as Patescibacteria phylum, mainly, including Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria, which further accelerated pollutants transformation. These findings would be beneficial in understanding pollutant removal processes and their mechanism in CWs with MF application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, PR China
| | - Likui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jianjun Lian
- College of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Liaocheng City Ecological Environment Bureau, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Chunzhen Fan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Huang Y, Liu Q, Wu H, Su L, Ma J, Li H. Enhancement of nitrogen removal by a modular design of vertical flow constructed wetlands with a plant carbon source: Optimization of carbon dosage for nitrogen removal, practicability evaluation and strategy exploration for water quality control. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135560. [PMID: 35792208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The requirement of artificial aeration for increasing nitrogen removal in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) brings extra energy consumption and complex maintenance. The feasibility of a modular design to replace artificial aeration for partially saturated VFCWs with palm bark as a carbon source (PSVFCW-pb) to achieve water quality control, especially nitrogen removal was evaluated. The PSVFCW-pb with a spatially separate structure and perforated peripheries for better oxygen diffusion had a promising total nitrogen removal (e.g., 66.4% at a dosage of 1.435 g/L of palm bark pretreated at 120 °C for 40 min) without additional aeration, while organic carbon removal was nearly unaffected. An appropriate increase of the palm bark dosage (≤1.435 g/L) resulted in higher nitrogen removal; however, a more palm bark (1.875 g/L) could not further increase nitrogen removal but caused color pollution. In addition, the removal of nitrogen by the modularized PSVFCW-pb was more sensitive to the ambient temperature than the removal of organic carbon and phosphorus, and the higher temperature was preferable. Notably, the more attractive property of the modular design is its great potential to improve nitrogen removal by conveniently altering the number and/or scale of oxic and oxygen-free modules. Finally, the relationships between the hydraulic load and inflow concentration were explored, by which the suitable hydraulic load could be flexibly adjusted based on real-time water quality to meet the specified surface water quality criteria in different seasons. This study provides a reliable CW design for controlling nutrient pollution in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrui Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qiqi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Bibo Water Design and Research Center, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hanting Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Guangzhou Resource Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiaxing Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huaizheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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8
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Wu K, Ma F, Li Z, Wei C, Gan F, Du C. In-situ rapid monitoring of nitrate in urban water bodies using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) coupled with deconvolution algorithm. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115452. [PMID: 35662049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urban river and lake systems show important ecological function, and eutrophication frequently occurs and results from human activities due to the limited self-regulating ability. Since nitrate (NO3-) is one of the key factors causing water eutrophication, its rapid qualification plays critical role in the eutrophication control and management. In this study, water samples were collected from typical water bodies from Nanjing in different seasons, and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) was employed for the quantitative determination of NO3- coupled with algorithms of deconvolution and partial least squares regression (PLSR). Results indicated that the typical absorption band of NO3- at 1500-1200 cm-1 was observed and the intensity of the band around 1360 cm-1 was positively correlated with the concentration of NO3- through spectra deconvolution. PLSR models were established based on the deconvolution spectra, which were excellent with the correlation coefficients (R2) of more than 0.8886 and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) of more than 2.76; it was found that the carbonate in water might impact the prediction due to its absorption around 1450 cm-1, but the prediction model performed well in condition that the carbonate content in a low level with less than 10 mg L-1. Significant temporal and spatial variations of NO3- were observed in the typical water bodies, and the Qinhuai River having the highest NO3- content, which mainly was influenced by human activities, and the impact of water pH and temperature were not significantly observed. Therefore, FTIR-ATR combined with deconvolution and PLSR, allowed a rapid determination of NO3- in urban water bodies, providing an alternative option for the monitoring of nitrate in natural water body, which will benefit the prevention and control of eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Fei Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhenwang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cuilan Wei
- College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Fangqun Gan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Changwen Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Guo Z, Li M, Wu H. Optimizing agricultural biomass application to enhance nitrogen removal in vertical flow constructed wetlands for treating low-carbon wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112867. [PMID: 35131325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural biomass waste in rural areas has been identified as an economical solid carbon sources in constructed wetlands (CWs) for treating low C/N ratio domestic sewage. However, little information is available regarding its optimal utilization as a media amendment for enhancing nitrogen removal in CWs. In this study, vertical flow CWs with different walnut peel amendment proportions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) were developed to explore the effects of biomass dosage on the treatment performance, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and microbial metabolites. Results showed that the addition of biomass significantly enhanced the denitrification performance in all CWs, and the higher total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency (91.14-97.16%) was achieved in CWs with the optimal dosage of 25%. While the addition of biomass resulted in a slight increase in N2O emission (20.56-270.13 μg m-2 h-1) compared with control systems. Additionally, the biomass addition increased the accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by facilitating microbial processes. Higher total EPS production was observed in CW with 25% biomass, and the proportion of tightly bound EPS (48%) dominated in the total EPS in different CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrun Chen
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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10
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Li M, Zhang J, Liang S, Li M, Wu H. Novel magnetic coupling constructed wetland for nitrogen removal: Enhancing performance and responses of plants and microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152040. [PMID: 34856252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) have been widely applied worldwide due to their small footprint and large hydraulic load, however, its sustainable operation and application is still challenging because of the unsatisfactory nitrogen removal. This study developed a novel CW coupled with a magnetic field for treating simulated wastewater, and investigated the effects of magnetic field on enhancing treatment performance and responses of wetland plants and microbial community. The results showed that the magnetic field (average 110 mT) had a significantly intensifying effect on organics and nitrogen removal. The removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TN in CW exposed to magnetic field (MF-CW) were 10.14% and 9.16% higher than those in control CW (C-CW), and an increased COD removal was also found in MF-CW. Biochemical characteristics of plants indicated that the MF did not cause a severe stress for wetland plants, while MF application shifted significantly the microbial community in CWs. Relative abundances of nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrospira (2.36%), Dokdonella (0.27%) and Nitrosomonas (0.17%) had been significantly promoted due to MF exposure, and nitrification-related microbial enzyme (AMO) activity was also increased by 63%. It can be concluded that introducing MF into CWs could intensify organics and nitrogen removal via the biological process, which would contribute to a better understanding of magnetic coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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11
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Chu YX, Wang J, Jiang L, Tian G, He R. Intermittent aeration reducing N 2O emissions from bioreactor landfills with gas-water joint regulation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 139:309-320. [PMID: 34999438 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landfills are important emission sources of atmospheric N2O, especially bioreactor landfills with leachate recirculation. In this study, N2O emissions were characterized in four bioreactor landfills with different ventilation methods, including intermittent (2-h aeration per 12 h or 4 h/d in continuous) and continuous aeration (20 h/d), in comparison to a traditional landfill without aeration. During the experiment, the N2O emissions from the landfill reactors with intermittent aeration were 7.48 and 7.15 mg, accounting for only 20.8% and 19.9% of those with continuous aeration, respectively. Continuous aeration was more favorable for the biodegradation of organic matter than intermittent aeration in the landfilled waste and leachate. Intermittent and continuous aeration could both effectively remove total nitrogen (TN) and NH4+-N with removal efficiencies above 64% in the leachate. In the experimental landfill reactors with gas-water joint regulation, the proportion of N2O-N to TN loss ranged from 0.02% to 0.75%. Luteimonas, Pseudomonas, Thauera, Pusillimonas and Comamonas were the dominant denitrifying bacteria in the landfill reactors. The denitrifying bacterial community in the landfilled waste was closely related to its degree of stabilization and nitrogenous compound concentrations in the landfilled waste and leachate. The NO3--N and NO2--N concentrations of leachate were the most important environmental factors affecting the succession of nirS-type and nirK-type denitrifying microbial communities in the landfilled waste. These findings indicated that intermittent aeration was an economical and effective way to accelerate the stabilization of landfilled waste and reduce the pollutants in leachate and N2O emissions during landfill mining and reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruo He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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12
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Malyan SK, Yadav S, Sonkar V, Goyal VC, Singh O, Singh R. Mechanistic understanding of the pollutant removal and transformation processes in the constructed wetland system. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1882-1909. [PMID: 34129692 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are biologically and physically engineered systems to mimic the natural wetlands which can potentially treat the wastewater from the various point and nonpoint sources of pollution. The present study aims to review the various mechanisms involved in the different types of CWs for wastewater treatment and to elucidate their role in the effective functioning of the CWs. Several physical, chemical, and biological processes substantially influence the pollutant removal efficiency of CWs. Plants species Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Typha angustifolia are most widely used in CWs. The rate of nitrogen (N) removal is significantly affected by emergent vegetation cover and type of CWs. Hybrid CWs (HCWS) removal efficiency for nutrients, metals, pesticides, and other pollutants is higher than a single constructed wetland. The contaminant removal efficiency of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCW) commonly used for the treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater ranges between 31% and 99%. Biochar/zeolite addition as substrate material further enhances the wastewater treatment of CWs. Innovative components (substrate materials, plant species) and factors (design parameters, climatic conditions) sustaining the long-term sink of the pollutants, such as nutrients and heavy metals in the CWs should be further investigated in the future. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are efficient natural treatment system for on-site contaminants removal from wastewater. Denitrification, nitrification, microbial and plant uptake, sedimentation and adsorption are crucial pollutant removal mechanisms. Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Typha angustifolia are widely used emergent plants in constructed wetlands. Hydraulic retention time (HRT), water flow regimes, substrate, plant, and microbial biomass substantially affect CWs treatment performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Malyan
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Shweta Yadav
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikas Sonkar
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - V C Goyal
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Omkar Singh
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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13
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Yan FL, Wang Y, Wang WH, Zhang H, Zheng YC, Kou XM, Wu SZ, Shao T. Effect of first-stage aeration on treatment of domestic sewage in different hybrid constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43402-43416. [PMID: 33834330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs) with the first-stage aeration were used to treat actual domestic sewage in this paper, where the effects of three important factors of aeration mode, hydraulic loading rates (HLR), and aeration volume on the removal of pollutants in both HCWs were studied in contrasts. In addition, the pollutant removal efficiency, the contribution of plants, and the characteristics of biofilm in both HCWs were explored. The results of 250-day experiment showed that the TN removal capacity of HCW combining vertical flow CW with horizontal flow CW (VF-HF) was better than HCW's converse combination (HF-VF) in treatingsewage, while the removal efficiency of COD and NH4+-N were similar, and the concentrations of TN and COD in the effluent of VF-HF could successfully meet the National discharge requirements. Compared with the continuous aeration, the intermittent aeration only had a little effect on the removal of COD and NH4+-N, but could improve TN removal performance in both HCWs. Meanwhile, increasing the aeration volume was beneficial to remove NH4+-N but not TN in HCWs. In addition, although the pollutant removal performances in both HCWs were impacted, the removal capacity of TN in VF-HF was only affected a little, when HLR was increased by 50%. The contribution of plants' uptake accounted for about 10% to nitrogen removal and 20% to phosphorus removal in both HCWs. The biomass at the filler surface near the plant rhizosphere was greater than that in the non-rhizosphere zones, and the impact of plant rhizosphere on the nitrification activity of biofilm was significantly greater than that on denitrification activity in both HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Long Yan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Huai Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Kou
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Shi-Zhang Wu
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Tian Shao
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
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14
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Application of constructed wetlands in treating rural sewage from source separation with high-influent nitrogen load: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:138. [PMID: 34278536 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are characterized by low construction cost, convenient maintenance and management, and environmentally friendly features. They have emerged as promising technologies for decentralized sewage treatment across rural areas. Source separation of black water and gray water can facilitate sewage recycling and reuse of reclaimed water, reduce the size of treatment facilities, and lower infrastructure investment and operating cost. This is consistent with the concept of sustainable development. However, black water contains high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, and the denitrification capacity of CWs is not excellent due to insufficient carbon source. Therefore, application of CWs for black water treatment faces challenges. This article provides a review on the progress in CWs for treatment of the sewage with high-influent nitrogen load, with emphasis on the commonly used strengthening means and the role of plants in nitrogen removal via CWs. The current issues of rural sewage treatment with high-influent nitrogen load by CWs are also assessed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are discussed for the optimization of CWs-enhanced denitrification strategies.
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15
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Li YH, Peng LL, Li HB, Liu DZ. Clogging in subsurface wastewater infiltration beds: genesis, influencing factors, identification methods and remediation strategies. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2309-2326. [PMID: 34032612 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface wastewater infiltration (SWI) is an environmentally friendly technology for the advanced treatment of domestic sewage. Clogging (including physical, chemical and biological clogging) of the porous medium not only directly reduces the hydraulic load (treatment efficiency), but also reduces the service life. Although clogging has become one of the key issues discussed in several reports, there are still several gaps in understanding, especially in its occurrence process and identification. SWI clogging causes, development process and solutions are different from those of constructed wetlands. This article quotes some reports on constructed wetlands to provide technical ideas and reference for revealing SWI clogging problems. Based on the analysis of the clogging genesis, this review gathers the main factors that affect the degree of clogging, and new methods for the identification of clogging conditions. Some preventive and unclogging measures/strategies are presented. Finally, it is suggested that to effectively alleviate the clogging phenomenon and extend the service life, priority should be given to the comprehensive analysis of wastewater quality and solid constituents accumulated in the pores. Then, the effectiveness of in-situ strategies, such as alternating operation will be the main focuses of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 11004, China E-mail: liyinghua1028@126com
| | - Lin-Lin Peng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 11004, China E-mail: liyinghua1028@126com
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 11004, China E-mail: liyinghua1028@126com
| | - De-Ze Liu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 11004, China E-mail: liyinghua1028@126com
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16
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Lu J, Guo Z, Kang Y, Fan J, Zhang J. Recent advances in the enhanced nitrogen removal by oxygen-increasing technology in constructed wetlands. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111330. [PMID: 32977288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland has attracted more and more attention for wastewater purification due to its low construction cost and convenient operation recently. However, the unique waterflooding structure of constructed wetland makes the low dissolved oxygen level, which limits the effect of nitrogen removal in the system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the oxygen-increasing technology to overcome the drawback in constructed wetlands. In this review, the mechanism of nitrogen removal in constructed wetland is discussed and oxygen is main influence factor is concluded. In addition, oxygen-increasing technologies in recent advances which improve the nitrogen removal efficiency greatly, are emphatically introduced. Finally, some future perspectives about oxygen-increasing techniques are also put forward in order to provide reference for further research and engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Lu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jinlin Fan
- Department of Science and Technology Management, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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17
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Ma Y, Zheng X, Fang Y, Xu K, He S, Zhao M. Autotrophic denitrification in constructed wetlands: Achievements and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:123778. [PMID: 32736968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment is rapidly increasing worldwide due to their advantages of low operating and maintenance costs. Denitrification in constructed wetlands is dependent on the presence of organic carbon sources, and the shortage of organic carbon is the primary hurdle for nitrate removal. Therefore, the use of inorganic electronic donors has emerged as an alternative. This paper provides a comprehensive review of nitrate removal pathways using various inorganic electron donors and the performance and development of autotrophic denitrification in constructed wetlands. The main environmental parameters and operating conditions for nitrate removal in wetlands are discussed, and the challenges currently faced in the application of enhanced autotrophic denitrification wetlands are emphasized. Overall, this review illustrates the need for a deep understanding of the complex interrelationships among environmental and operational parameters and wetland substrates for improving the wastewater treatment performance of constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325600, China
| | - Yunqing Fang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaiqin Xu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325600, China.
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18
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Gonzalo OG, Ruiz I, Soto M. Effect of different bypass rates and unit area ratio in hybrid constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40355-40369. [PMID: 32666454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the performance of a hybrid constructed wetland (Bp(VF + HF)2:1) system which consists of an unsaturated vertical flow (VF) unit followed by a saturated down-flow unit simulating horizontal flow (HF) with HF/VF area ratio of 0.5 and influent bypass to the HF unit. Treating synthetic wastewater simulating municipal wastewater, optimum total nitrogen (TN) removal (57%) was reached at 39% bypass and surface loading rate (SLR) of 33 g BOD5/m2 day and 9.7 g TN/m2 day (overall system). On the other hand, treating actual municipal wastewater, the system reached 63% TN removal at 30% bypass and SLR of 18 g BOD5/m2 day and 4.7 g TN/m2 day. Surface removal rates reached 5.5 and 3.0 g TN/m2 day for synthetic and municipal wastewater. Surface nitrification rate in the VF unit was in the range of 5.0-7.4 and 3.6-3.8 g N/m2 day for synthetic and municipal wastewater, respectively, indicating a large effect of wastewater characteristics on the nitrification process. Infiltration rate in the VF unit remained high and far from clogging risk. Overall greenhouse gas emissions were 0.11 (N2O) and 0.41 (CH4) g/m2 day which corresponded to emissions factors (relative to total organic carbon and TN influent) of 0.7% (N2O) and 3.6% (CH4). Compared with a similar system with a different HF/VF area ratio of 2.0, organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency was similar, but surface removal rates were about 3 times higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Gael Gonzalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - Manuel Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
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19
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Oxygen Consumption in Two Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems under Continuous Operation Mode. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an innovative arrangement of a vertical subsurface flow wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) was studied. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) in two different pilot-scale arrangements of an SWIS. The two pilot plants were composed of four filter beds in series, one with a vertical arrangement of the beds (one over the other) and the other with a horizontal arrangement of the beds (one next to the other). Furthermore, two kinetic models were applied for correlating the COD and NH4+-N concentrations at the inlet and outlet of each treatment step in both pilot plants. The fitting of experimental data to the models allowed the calculation of the areal rate constants. The OTR values obtained were 54.69 g m−2 h−1 and 28.84 g m−2 h−1 for horizontal and vertical arrangement, respectively. These values were considerably higher than those obtained by other authors. The plug flow model describes the behaviour of these SWISs better, and the best fits were achieved for the vertical arrangement. The areal rate constant values obtained in this study were higher than those reported in the bibliography, which indicates a great removal efficiency and therefore lower surface area needed for the treatment.
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20
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Lai X, Zhao Y, Pan F, Yang B, Wang H, Wang S, Yuan Y. Enhanced nitrogen removal in filled-and-drained vertical flow constructed wetlands: microbial responses to aeration mode and carbon source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37650-37659. [PMID: 32608006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of enhancing the removal rate of nitrogen (N) and organic matters, intermittent aeration and carbon source were used in filled-and-drained vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs). The results showed that the best removal of COD (74.16%), NH4+-N (93.56%), TN (86.88%), and NO3--N (79.65%) was achieved in VFCW1 (aerated with carbon source system). Illumina MiSeq300 high-throughput sequencing showed that carbon source aerated system increases the diversity and richness of the microbial community. The copy numbers of nitrification functional genes (nxrA, amoA), denitrification functional genes (nirS, nirK, nosZ), and anammox functional gene (anammox 16S rRNA) displayed various changes when applied different aeration modes and additional carbon source to each system. An increase of the DO concentration and carbon source facilitated the absolute abundance of microbial nitrification and denitrification functional genes, respectively. All in all, these results demonstrate that carbon source combined with intermittent aeration is valid to improve the pollutant treatment performance in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Lai
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan, 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxia Pan
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan, 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong Province, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong Province, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yingrui Yuan
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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21
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Removal of nutrients from domestic wastewater using constructed wetlands: assessment of suitable environmental and operational conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42398-020-00124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Gaballah MS, Abdelwahab O, Barakat KM, Aboagye D. A novel horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland planted with Typha angustifolia for treatment of polluted water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28449-28462. [PMID: 32418087 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and urbanization has put a lot of stress on existing water bodies in most developing countries such as the Marriott Lake of Egypt. Three constructed wetland configurations including Typha angustifolia planted with enhanced atmospheric aeration by using perforated pipes networks (CWA), planted without perforated pipe network (CWR), and a control non-planted and without perforated pipes wetland (Control) were used in the study. Changes in physicochemical properties and microbial community over four seasons and hydraulic loading rate (HLR) (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 L day-1 m-1) were monitored using influent from Marriott Lake in Egypt. Overall, the removal performance followed the sequence CWA>CWR>control. Turbidity removal of 98.4%; biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal of 83.3%; chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 95.8%; NH3-N removal of 99.9%; total nitrogen (TN) removal of 94.7%; NO3--N and NO2--N increased; total P (TP) removal of 99.7%, Vibrio sp. of 100%, Escherichia coli 100%; total bacterial count of 92.3%; and anaerobic bacteria reduction of 97.5% were achieved by using CWA. Seasonal variation and variation in HLRs had significant effect on performance. The modified planted CWA system enhances the removal of pollutants and could present a novel route for reducing the cost associated with integrating artificial aeration into wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Gaballah
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
| | - Ola Abdelwahab
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt.
| | - Khouloud M Barakat
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
| | - Dominic Aboagye
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Department of Agricultural and Bio-systems Engineering, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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23
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Fu G, Wu J, Han J, Zhao L, Chan G, Leong K. Effects of substrate type on denitrification efficiency and microbial community structure in constructed wetlands. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123222. [PMID: 32244073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three constructed wetland systems were established to treat saline sewage via high-porosity ceramsite, activated carbon, and low-porosity sand: A (ceramsite + activated carbon + sand), B (sand + activated carbon + ceramsite), and C (sand). The distribution of dissolved oxygen in these systems varied with different filling methods with the best removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen observed in system B (97.4 and 96.2%, respectively). The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing results showed that all the systems had a high abundance of salt-tolerant denitrifiers, and the filling method significantly impacted denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Vibrio and Planctomyces) in the substrate. System B had more diverse dissolved oxygen conditions than system A and showcased aerobic nitrification-denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation pathways. Therefore, the use of substrates with different porosities can improve the dissolved oxygen supply and enhance nitrogen removal efficiency in constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jinfa Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingyi Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Kunfong Leong
- Macau Landscape and Greening Association, Macau 999078, China
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24
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Wang Y, Shen L, Wu J, Zhong F, Cheng S. Step-feeding ratios affect nitrogen removal and related microbial communities in multi-stage vertical flow constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137689. [PMID: 32169643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Step-feeding (SF) strategies have been adopted in several types of constructed wetlands (CWs) to enhance nitrogen (N) removal. However, it is unclear how SF affects the N-transforming bacterial communities in CWs. Herein, four multi-stage vertical flow constructed wetlands (MS-VFCWs), each including three vertical flow stages (stage 1-3), were operated under different SF ratios (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) in the stage 2. The physicochemical influent and effluent parameters, i.e., redox potential (ORP), pH value, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N), and nitrite (NO2--N), free-ammonia (FA) concentration, COD/TN ratio, as well as the abundance, structure, and activity of N-transforming bacteria were investigated. Results showed that N removal in a multi-stage vertical flow constructed wetland in the absence of SF was 45.0 ± 7.74%. Alternatively, a combined SF ratio of 20% increased N removal to 61.7% ± 4.50%, accounting for a 37.1% increase compared to the SF ratio of 0%. In the microbial community, FA was determined to be the primary physicochemical parameter governing nitrification processes in MS-VFCWs. Further, partial nitrification processes played an important role in ammonium removal during stage 1, while ammonia-oxidizing archaea were major contributors to ammonium removal in stage 3. Furthermore, abundance of nitrite reductase genes (nirS, nirK) and relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria increased with increasing SF ratio; while the nirS/nirK ratio and the alpha diversity of nirK denitrifiers were significantly affected by SF ratios, and the influent NO3--N concentration was related to a shift in denitrifier composition toward strains containing the nirS gene. Autotrophic (e.g., Thiobacillus, Sulfurimonas, Arenimonas, Gallionella and Methyloparacoccus) and facultative chemolithoautotrophic (e.g., Pseudomonas and Denitratisoma) denitrifying bacteria were enriched in stage 2. Hence, the synergy between heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifying bacteria promoted excellent N removal efficiency with a low COD/TN ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, 200092, PR China
| | - Linya Shen
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, 200092, PR China
| | - Juan Wu
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Nantong University, School of Life Science, Nantong 226019, PR China
| | - Shuiping Cheng
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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25
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Tian T, Yang Q, Wei G, Cheung SG, Shin PKS, Wong YS, Li Z, Chen Z, Tam NFY. Changes of substrate microbial biomass and community composition in a constructed mangrove wetland for municipal wastewater treatment during 10-years operation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 155:111095. [PMID: 32469756 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used for wastewater treatment for decades, but research on microorganisms involved, especially long-term changes, is still limited. In this study, we evaluated changes in the substrate microbial community in a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface-flow constructed mangrove wetland during 10-years operation. In the 3rd year of operation, microbial biomass carbon and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) reached peak values in two vegetated belts planted with Aegiceras corniculatum (Ac) and Kandelia obovata (Ko), respectively, then stabilized or declined in the 9th and 10th years of operation. PLFA profiles reflecting microbial community compositions varied significantly in the Ac belt during the operation period. Principal component (PCA) and redundancy analyses (RDA) revealed that microbial community compositions were significantly correlated with organic matter content, especially in the 9th and 10th years of operation, implying that the substrate microbial community in constructed mangrove wetland is sensitive to substrate characteristics and can be used as an indicator for long-term performance of CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaoling Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siu Gin Cheung
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Shin
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk Shan Wong
- School of Science and Technology, Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang Li
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanghe Chen
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nora Fung Yee Tam
- Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Feng L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Li C, Wu H. Dynamic variation in nitrogen removal of constructed wetlands modified by biochar for treating secondary livestock effluent under varying oxygen supplying conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110152. [PMID: 32090842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vertical flow constructed wetlands are facing the problem of low removal efficiency when treating high-load wastewater. This study explored the effect of oxygen supplement (1.2, 1.0, 0.8 L min-1 for 6 h; 1.0 L min-1 for 4 h and 2 h) on enhancing nitrogen removal in vertical flow constructed wetlands modified by adding biochar for treating secondary livestock effluent. The results indicated that biochar addition could enhance contaminant removal due to its adsorption of contaminants under the condition of no aeration. Additionally, the aeration addition of 1.0 L min-1 for 2 h per day in biochar-based constructed wetlands achieved the high efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (95%) and total nitrogen (73%) removal. However, total nitrogen removal efficiency in biochar-based constructed wetlands declined under excessive dissolved oxygen conditions which might restrain the denitrification process. Average nitrous oxide emission fluxes in biochar-based constructed wetlands (575-1877 μg m-2 h-1) were lower than those in non-biochar constructed wetlands (745-2298 μg m-2 h-1). In addition, the variation of N2O emission under different aeration conditions was similar with the maximum value at the aeration condition of 1.2 L min-1 for 6 h d-1. These results could be useful for improving the sustainable design and operation of constructed wetlands for high-load wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likui Feng
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd of Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China.
| | - Haiming Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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27
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Qin Z, Zhao Z, Xia L, Adam A, Li Y, Chen D, Mela SM, Li H. The dissipation and risk alleviation mechanism of PAHs and nitrogen in constructed wetlands: The role of submerged macrophytes and their biofilms-leaves. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104940. [PMID: 31284108 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of submerged macrophytes (Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata and artificial plant) and their biofilms-leaves for the dissipation and risk alleviation mechanism of PAHs (phenanthrene and pyrene) and nitrogen in constructed wetland systems with PAH-polluted sediments were investigated. Biofilms-leaves/surface might contribute to PAHs degradation, which was positively correlated with PAHs degrading bacteria. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in biofilms on surface might cause total nitrogen in sediment (TNs) increasing by 4% from 14th d to 28th d indirectly when suffering PAHs pollution. The relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria significantly increased with the increase of PAHs concentrations in early period (p < 0.01), which might lead to risk of nitrogen accumulation further. Heat maps showed that the relative abundance of functional bacteria were influenced in order of attached surface > incubation time > spiking concentration of PAHs. Interestingly, differences of deduced bacterial functions were affected in order of incubation time > attached surface > spiking concentration. Thus, submerged macrophytes and their biofilms on leaves not only played an important role in PAHs degradation, but also regulated the nitrogen cycling in constructed wetland systems, which could reduce these pollutants risk for natural environment, organisms and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Liling Xia
- Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210016, PR China
| | - Abduelrahman Adam
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Deqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Sara Margaret Mela
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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28
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Decezaro ST, Wolff DB, Pelissari C, Ramírez RJMG, Formentini TA, Goerck J, Rodrigues LF, Sezerino PH. Influence of hydraulic loading rate and recirculation on oxygen transfer in a vertical flow constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:988-995. [PMID: 31018477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen transfer rate (OTR) has a significant impact on the design and operation of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) intended for organic matter removal and nitrification. Despite its key role, the information on real oxygen input in VFCWs is limited, being usually estimated by mass balance (stoichiometry), through which is calculated only the oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In this study, for the first time, the gas tracer method was applied to evaluate the oxygen transfer capacity of a real-scale VFCW (24.5 m2) applied to the treatment of domestic wastewater. Propane was used as tracer. The OCR and the OTR were evaluated in VFCW under hydraulic loading rates (HLR) of 60, 90, and 120 mm d-1 corresponding to recirculation rations of 0%, 50%, and 100%. The OTR in standard conditions (20 °C) ranged from 120 to 176 g O2 m-2 d-1. The highest OTR was found for the lowest HLR. For the operating conditions tested, the OTR obtained with gas tracer were higher than the OCR calculated by stoichiometry in VFCW, which ranged from 20.6 to 27.8 g O2 m-2 d-1. Besides, the OTR were sufficient to satisfy the VFCW oxygen demand for organic matter removal and nitrification. These results show that the gas tracer method for OTR determination may allow advances on the understanding of treatment processes and on the design of new VFCWs since its treatment performance requires aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara T Decezaro
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen, Brazil.
| | - Delmira B Wolff
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Catiane Pelissari
- GESAD - Decentralized Sanitation Research Group, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rolando J M G Ramírez
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Formentini
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Janaína Goerck
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Rodrigues
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo H Sezerino
- GESAD - Decentralized Sanitation Research Group, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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29
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Chen J, Deng WJ, Liu YS, Hu LX, He LY, Zhao JL, Wang TT, Ying GG. Fate and removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in hybrid constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:894-903. [PMID: 30965541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid design and artificial aeration has been widely applied in wetlands, but little is known about their effectiveness in the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here we investigated the performance of various mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) with artificial aeration and hybrid design in removal of antibiotics and ARGs from antibiotics-spiked domestic sewage. Four hybrid constructed wetland systems with zeolite as substrate and Iris tectorum Maxim as plant were set up to have different artificial aeration designs. The aqueous removal efficiencies of total antibiotics ranged from 87.4% to 95.3%, while those of total ARGs varied from 87.8% to 99.1%. The mass removal of antibiotics by the CWs was attributed mainly to the microbial degradation. The present study imply that sorption of substrates and biological processes could be the two main mechanisms for ARGs elimination. The results from this study showed the hybrid CWs with artificial aeration could enhance treatment efficiencies of antibiotics and ARGs as well as conventional pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative, Region, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tuan-Tuan Wang
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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30
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Roé-Sosa A, Rangel-Peraza JG, Rodríguez-Mata AE, Pat-Espadas A, Bustos-Terrones Y, Diaz-Peña I, Vu CM, Amabilis-Sosa LE. Emulating natural wetlands oxygen conditions for the removal of N and P in agricultural wastewaters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 236:351-357. [PMID: 30739040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate a constructed wetland system (CW) operated under aerobic-anoxic-aerobic conditions to remove C, N and P from water with high concentrations of the last two nutrients. A series of three CW were operated continuously for 190 days. An aerobic vertical CW was used in the first and third stages and an anoxic horizontal CW was used in the second stage. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 70 ± 1.5%. Similar removal efficiency behavior was observed in others nitrogen compounds, where a removal of 85 ± 1.5% for NO3--N and 97 ± 2.2% for NH3+N were achieved. The combination of different oxygen conditions enhanced oxidation of nitrates and the assimilation of ammonium by vegetation. On the other hand, 54 ± 6.5% total phosphorus (TP) was removed in the entire system, which is higher than the reported in several investigations, including mechanized and controlled systems such as activated sludge. The phosphorous removal efficiency was attributed to the adequate design and configuration of CW, which facilitated dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions required for phosphorus capture. Despite in this investigation the CW was not designed for an optimal removal of organic matter the removal efficiency of this parameter was 64 ± 7.5%. The successful results suggest that the combination of aerobic-anoxic-aerobic stages is a technically suitable option for the treatment of agricultural wastewater with high content of N and P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Roé-Sosa
- Universidad Tecnológica de Culiacán, Carretera Culiacán-Imala km. 2, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80014, Mexico
| | - Jesus Gabriel Rangel-Peraza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México-División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán. Juan de Dios Bátiz 310, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80220, Mexico
| | - Abraham E Rodríguez-Mata
- CONACyT-Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán, Juan de Dios Bátiz 310, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80220, Mexico
| | - Aurora Pat-Espadas
- CONACyT-UNAM Instituto de Geología, Estación Regional del Noroeste (ERNO), Luis D. Colosio y Madrid, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, Mexico
| | - Yaneth Bustos-Terrones
- CONACyT-Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán, Juan de Dios Bátiz 310, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80220, Mexico
| | - Ismael Diaz-Peña
- Tecnológico Nacional de México-División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán. Juan de Dios Bátiz 310, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80220, Mexico
| | - Cuong Manh Vu
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
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31
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Liu Y, Liu X, Li K, Lu S, Guo X, Zhang J, Xi B. Removal of nitrogen from low pollution water by long-term operation of an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland: Performance and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:977-988. [PMID: 30380502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of nitrogen removal and its mechanism, aquatic organism distribution characteristics and regeneration capability of zeolite from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVFCW) for low pollution water treatment were evaluated after steady and continuous operation for eight years. After running for eight years, better than average COD and NH4+-N removal were observed in the IVFCW. The NH4+-N removal rate in this system was controlled by ammoxidation and adsorption and ion exchange of zeolite. The low total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was due to NO3--N accumulation and zeolite desorption. In addition, this phenomenon indicated that because of poor organic carbon sources, nitrification was stronger than denitrification, consistent with the distribution of the functional genes for nitrification and denitrification. The biological activity in this system was abundant, especially that of spirogyra and navicula. The saturated adsorption capacity of zeolite was as high as 1.35 mg g-1 with a desorption rate of <20%. There were no obvious differences among the effects of aeration, water cleaning, drained reoxygenation and steam stripping for zeolite regeneration (adsorption capacity of >50%). However, the drained reoxygenation performance of was better due to zero energy consumption and regeneration in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
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32
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Chai H, Li W, Shao Z, Li L, He Q. Pollutant removal performance of an integrated system that combines a baffled vertical-flow wetland and a scenic water body. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:269-281. [PMID: 30392174 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater treatment requires effective control measures and development of low-cost and high-efficiency technologies. An integrated system is developed by combining a baffled vertical-flow constructed wetland (BVFCW) and a scenic water body for stormwater quality control purpose. The objectives of the study are to compare the pollutant removal performance of the full-scale integrated system with four groups of wetland-to-scenic water body area ratios (WSARs) including 1/11, 2/11, 3/11, 4/11 and investigate its treatment efficiency. Results show that the system performs better in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), and total phosphorus (TP) at the WSAR of 4/11 than that at 3/11 in sixteen-day operation, while it reaches the highest total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 74.0% at the WSAR of 2/11 due to relatively rich carbon source and high influent TN concentration. The integrated system may prove the most effective COD removal at the WSAR of 4/11 for four-time aerobic/anaerobic alternating conditions, a longer flow path and more time to contact with substrates, although the influent COD is lower than that at 2/11 and 1/11. After sixteen-day operation, BVFCW achieved COD removal rate of 90.3%, NH4+-N removal rate of 85.7%, NO3-N removal rate of 68.6%, and TP removal rate of 52.5% at the WSAR of 4/11. At the WSAR of 1/11, effluent met the Class IV requirements in Chinese standards after one-week operation, while effluent met the Class III requirements under the rest conditions. Since effluent in all WSARs met the standards, WSARs of 1/11 and 2/11 were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
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Martínez NB, Tejeda A, Del Toro A, Sánchez MP, Zurita F. Nitrogen removal in pilot-scale partially saturated vertical wetlands with and without an internal source of carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:524-532. [PMID: 30029128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate and compare total nitrogen (TN) removal in pilot-scale partially saturated vertical wetlands (PSVWs) with and without an internal solid source of organic carbon (corncob) in order to distinguish the role of nitrification-denitrification and ANAMMOX in the removal process. The height of the free-drainage zone (FDZ) was 40 cm and the saturated zone (SZ) was 30 cm in system I (SI) and system II (SII) and 40 cm in system III (SIII) and system IV (SIV). In SII and SIV, approximately 30 kg of dry, 5 cm-length corncob was added. The systems were evaluated during two periods, that is, P1 and P2. Measurements of water quality parameters including BOD5, COD, organic nitrogen (Org-N), ammonium, nitrate and nitrite were taken in the influent and effluents on a weekly basis; nitrate measurements were also taken at the interface. Measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were taken in the SZ. The height of both SZ (40 cm vs. 30 cm in P1) and FDZ (40 vs. 25 and 30 cm in SI/SIII in P2) did not affect the efficiencies (p > 0.05) but the presence or absence of corn cob did (p < 0.05). Thus, SII and SIV were superior when compared to SI and SIII (p < 0.05) with TN average removal efficiencies of 72.9% and 73.2% in P1, and 59.8% and 64.2% in P2, respectively; showing a tendency to lower values when the biodegradable organics supplied by the corncob diminished. In SI and SIII, TN removals were 47.6% and 40.3% in P1, and 46.1% and 44.1% in P2, respectively. In SII and SIV, denitrification took place in both the lower semi-saturated part of the FDZ (probably also ANAMMOX) and SZ; whereas in SI and SIII, ANAMMOX took place in the lower semi-saturated part of the FDZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B Martínez
- Environmental Quality Laboratory, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, University of Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, 47820, Mexico
| | - Allan Tejeda
- Environmental Quality Laboratory, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, University of Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, 47820, Mexico
| | - Aarón Del Toro
- Environmental Quality Laboratory, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, University of Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, 47820, Mexico
| | - Martha P Sánchez
- Environmental Quality Laboratory, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, University of Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, 47820, Mexico
| | - Florentina Zurita
- Environmental Quality Laboratory, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, University of Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, 47820, Mexico.
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Lu L, Chen B. Enhanced bisphenol A removal from stormwater in biochar-amended biofilters: Combined with batch sorption and fixed-bed column studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1539-1549. [PMID: 30293037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A high-efficient, low-cost, and practical biochar implementation method is desired to extend biochar's powerful adsorption performance for environmental remediation. This study presents novel results with advanced biochar application by integrating biochar with biofilter for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from stormwater. Biochars derived from wood dust (BC0) at different pyrolytic temperatures (300, 500, and 700 °C, referred as, BC300, BC500, and BC700, respectively) were characterized and investigated for their adsorption of BPA under different pH levels and humic acid (HA) concentrations by batch sorption and fixed-bed column experiments. Microcosm biofilters vegetated with phragmites australis and amended with different biochars were constructed and used for BPA removal under different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). Compared with other biochars, BC700 showed a high adsorption rate and capacity due to high specific surface area and pore volume. As a consequence, fixed-bed columns amended with BC700 can remove BPA more efficiently than columns with BC0, BC300, and BC500 from synthetic stormwater, though the treatment performance was affected relatively by pH change and HA concentration. A high correlation (r2 = 0.899) between the breakthrough time and the product of adsorption rate (k2) and capacity (Qmax) was found, which suggests that batch sorption experiments could be an efficient tool for prediction of breakthrough time. The BPA removal efficiency of microcosm biofilters amended with BC0, BC300, BC500 and BC700 for real stormwater containing 200 μg/L BPA at HLR of 40 cm/h averaged 4.1, 10.8, 80.3, and 98.4%, which were about 6, 15, 115, and 141 times, respectively, compared to bilfitlers without biochar amendment. Moreover, biochar amendment not only enhanced the BPA removal but also promoted phragmites australis growth, elevated nutrients and increased the E. coli removal efficiency. Hence, biochar-amended biofilters could be a promising approach for enhancing the elimination of endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as BPA from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Xie H, Yang Y, Liu J, Kang Y, Zhang J, Hu Z, Liang S. Enhanced triclosan and nutrient removal performance in vertical up-flow constructed wetlands with manganese oxides. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:457-466. [PMID: 29986254 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Limited concentrations of oxygen in constructed wetlands (CWs) have inhibited their ability to remove emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) at μg/L or ng/L levels. Manganese (Mn) oxides were proposed as a solution, as they are powerful oxidants with strong adsorptive capabilities. In the present study, triclosan (TCS) was selected as a typical EOC, and CW microcosms with Mn oxides (birnessite) coated sand (B-CWs) and without (C-CWs) were developed to test the removal capacities of TCS and common nutrients. We found that the addition of Mn oxides coated sand significantly improved removal efficiencies of TCS, NH4-N, COD, NO3-N and TP (P < 0.05). The average concentration of Mn(II) effluent was 0.036 mg L-1, mostly lower than the drinking water limit. To gain insight into the mechanisms of pollution removal, Mn transformation, dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution, bacterial abundance, and microbial community composition were also investigated. Maximum Mn(II) was detected at 20 cm height of the B-CWs in anoxic zone. Although Mn-oxidizing bacteria existed in the layer of 30-50 cm with 103-104 CFU g-1 dry substate, Mn oxides were only detected at height from 40 to 50 cm with rich oxygen in B-CW. The quantities of bacterial 16S rRNA, amoA, narG and nosZ were not significantly different between two systems (P > 0.05), while Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the abundance of denitrifying bacteria was significant higher in B-CWs, and the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria that have a recognized role in Mn transformation were significantly increased. The results indicated that Mn oxides could enhance TCS and common pollutants removal in both anoxic and aerobic areas through the recycling of Mn between Mn(II) and biogenic Mn oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Xie
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Yixiao Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yan Kang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Liu X, Zhang K, Fan L, Luo H, Jiang M, Anderson BC, Li M, Huang B, Yu L, He G, Wang J, Pu A. Intermittent micro-aeration control of methane emissions from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland during agricultural domestic wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24426-24444. [PMID: 29909533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to control methane emissions to mitigate global warming. An intermittent micro-aeration control system was used to control methane emissions from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) to treat agricultural domestic wastewater pollution in this study. The optimized intermittent micro-aeration conditions were a 20-min aeration time and 340-min non-aeration time, 3.9 m3 h-1 aeration intensity, evenly distributed micro-aeration diffusers at the tank bottom, and an aeration period of every 6 h. Methane flux emission by intermittent micro-aeration was decreased by 60.7% under the optimized conditions. The average oxygen transfer efficiency was 26.73%. The control of CH4 emission from IVCWs was most strongly influenced by the intermittent micro-aeration diffuser distribution, followed by aeration intensity, aeration time, and water depth. Scaling up of IVCWs is feasible in rural areas by using intermittent micro-aeration control as a mitigation measure for methane gas emissions for climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, 611231, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Mingshu Jiang
- Sichuan Company of China Post Insurance, Chengdu, 610016, China
| | - Bruce C Anderson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mei Li
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Guozhu He
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Aiping Pu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Hou J, Wang X, Wang J, Xia L, Zhang Y, Li D, Ma X. Pathway governing nitrogen removal in artificially aerated constructed wetlands: Impact of aeration mode and influent chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratios. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:137-146. [PMID: 29499495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the influence of aeration mode and influent COD/N ratio on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). The results showed that a simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process was established in the intermittent aerated V1. While nitrogen removal pathway gradually changed from partial nitrification-denitrification to complete nitrification-denitrification along with reducing COD/N ratio in the continuous limited aerated V2. Effective inhibition of NOBs under intermittent aeration conditions, good retention of anammox bacteria biomass and much faster depletion of COD prior to substantial NH4+-N conversion jointly led to the successful achievement of stable SNDA process with elevated influent COD/N ratios in V1. Furthermore, the presence of SNAD ensured a robust ammonium (84-92%) and TN (80-91%) removal efficiency in V1 under varying COD loading rates. In contrast, the TN removal efficiency decreased rapidly along with the reducing influent COD/N ratios in V2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xufa Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Removing Organic Matter and Nutrients from Pig Farm Wastewater with a Constructed Wetland System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15051031. [PMID: 29883370 PMCID: PMC5982070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pollutants from pig farms in Mexico have caused problems in many surface water reservoirs. Growing concern has driven the search for low-cost wastewater treatment solutions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of an in-series constructed wetland to remove nutrients from wastewater from a pig farm. The wetland system had a horizontal flow that consisted of three cells, the first a surface water wetland, the second a sedimentation cell, and the third a subsurface flow wetland. The vegetation used was Thypa sp. and Scirpus sp. A mix of soil with red volcanic rock (10–30 mm diameter) and yellow sand (2–8 mm diameter) was used as a substrate for the vegetation. The experiments were carried out in duplicate. Water samples were collected at the inflow and outflow of the cells. Two hydraulic retention times (HRT) (5 and 10 days) and three treatments were evaluated: 400, 800, and 1200 mg·L−1 of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. Data was collected in situ for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). COD, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), and total phosphorous (TP) were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that the in-series constructed wetland is a feasible system for nutrient pollutant removal, with COD removal efficiency of 76% and 80% mg·L−1 for a 5- and 10-day HRT, respectively. The removal efficiency for TKN, NH3–N, and TP reached about 70% with a 5-day HRT, while a removal of 85% was obtained with a 10-day HRT. The wetland reached the maximum removal efficiency with a 10-day HRT and an inflow load of 400 mg·L−1 of organic matter. The results indicate that HRT positively affects removal efficiency of COD and TDS. On the other hand, the HRT was not the determining factor for TP removal. Treatment one, with an initial COD concentration of 400 mg·L−1, had the highest removal of the assessed pollutants, allowing for the use of water for irrigation according to Mexican regulatory standards (NOM-001). The water quality resulting from treatments two and three (T2 = 800 mg·L−1 of COD and T3 = 1200 mg·L−1 of COD) did not comply with minimal requirements for irrigation water.
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Yan L, Zhang S, Lin D, Guo C, Yan L, Wang S, He Z. Nitrogen loading affects microbes, nitrifiers and denitrifiers attached to submerged macrophyte in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:121-126. [PMID: 29212050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes and biofilms are important components of wetlands. However, little is known about the changes of microbes in biofilms attached to submerged macrophytes upon nitrogen loading. This study investigated the changes of microbes, algae, nitrifiers and denitrifiers in biofilms attached to the leaves of artificial plants (AP), Potamogeton malaianus (PM), Vallisneria natans (VN) and Hydrilla verticillata (HV) under varied initial concentrations of total nitrogen (TN). Nitrogen addition increased biofilm biomass and changed dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH values in overlaying water. Epiphytic algal densities showed the same trend at the same N level:AP>PM>VN>HV. As revealed by cluster analysis at phylum level, algae compositions in biofilm from four plants showed some host-specific at 2 and 12mgL-1 TN, but was clustered in the same group at 22mgL-1 TN regardless of plant species. Submerged macrophytes had better performance in total N removal than AP. In general, N application significantly increased the abundance of amoA, nirK, nirS, napA and cnorB in biofilm. The abundance of the denitrification genes (nirK, nirS, napA, narG and cnorB) was positively correlated with nitrogen application, while amoA was correlated with concentration of dissolved oxygen. These results indicate that N loadings stimulated the growth of biofilms attached to submerged macrophyte and the removal of total N can be partially ascribed to the synergistic interactions of submerged macrophyte and biofilms in wetlands. These results highlight the ecological role of submerged macrophyte-biofilm system in nitrogen removal in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Songhe Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Da Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chuan Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lingling Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Supeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhenli He
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
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Zhao X, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Kumar L. Achieving an extraordinary high organic and hydraulic loadings with good performance via an alternative operation strategy in a multi-stage constructed wetland system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11841-11853. [PMID: 29446020 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high organic loading rate of 58-146 g BOD5/m2 day with a hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 1.63 m3/m2 day and retention time (RT) of 16 h was achieved to maximize the treatment capacity of a four-stage alum sludge-based constructed wetland (CW) system. An alternative operation strategy, i.e., the first stage anaerobic up-flow and the remaining stage tidal flow with effluent recirculation, was investigated to achieve the goal with good treatment performance of 82% COD, 91% BOD5, 92% SS, 94% NH4-N, and 82% TN removal. Two kinetic models, i.e., first-order model and Monod plus continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) flow model, were employed for predicting the removal dynamics. The results showed that the tidal flow strategy enhances oxygen transport and diffusion, thus improving reduction of organics and NH4-N. Effluent recirculation could further increase elimination of organics by extending the interaction time and also benefit the denitrification process. In addition, denitrification could be further enhanced by anaerobic up-flow in the first stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment/R&D Centre for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Newstead, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Lordwin Kumar
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Newstead, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Soil Water Land Engineering and Management, Vaugh School of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
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Yang Z, Yang L, Wei C, Wu W, Zhao X, Lu T. Enhanced nitrogen removal using solid carbon source in constructed wetland with limited aeration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:98-103. [PMID: 28941666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performances of nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands using solid carbon source with limited aeration were investigated. The blends of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) and polyacetic acid (PLA) were used as the carbon source and biofilm support. The performances of nitrogen removal, microbial abundance and microbial community structure in the biofilm attached on PHBV/PLA were investigated. Higher ammonia removal efficiency (91.00%) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (97.03%) than non-aerated constructed wetland (System NA) were achieved in constructed wetland with limited aeration (System A). The limited aeration decreased the average concentrations of COD in effluent. And, System A had higher microbial abundance than System NA. Pyrosequencing analysis showed that denitrifying bacteria Brevinema (41.85%) and Thiothrix (12.33%) were the predominant genus in the biofilm attached on the carbon source in System NA and System A, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchen Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Luhua Yang
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caijie Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Xufei Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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He S, Wang Y, Li C, Li Y, Zhou J. The nitrogen removal performance and microbial communities in a two-stage deep sequencing constructed wetland for advanced treatment of secondary effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:82-88. [PMID: 28711297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The advanced treatment of secondary effluent was conducted in a two-stage deep sequencing constructed wetland (DSCW) which comprised a denitrification chamber (W1) and a nitrification chamber (W2). The results showed that a superior NO3--N removal rate was observed in W1 with a C/N ratio of 6.5, and a high NH4+-N removal rate was obtained when the W2 was operated with 6-h duration of idle. In the long-term operation for 45days, the two-stage DSCW pilot system achieved high and stable removal of TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N, which were 92.9%, 83.7% and 95.6% in average, respectively. The microbial communities between W1 and W2 were significant different. Rich diversity of the microbial community and the high proportion of denitrifying bacteria in the W1 were essential for nitrogen removal in this treatment system. AOB in the W2 played a major role in NH4+-N removal in W2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Chuansong Li
- China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yancheng Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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Zhou X, Wang X, Zhang H, Wu H. Enhanced nitrogen removal of low C/N domestic wastewater using a biochar-amended aerated vertical flow constructed wetland. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:269-275. [PMID: 28575790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) with intermittent aeration have been proven as an efficient technology to enhance removal efficiency of organics and nitrogen for wastewater treatment. However, the low denitrification effect in VFCWs was a problem for treating low carbon source wastewater. In this study, intermittent aeration and biochar, produced by biomass pyrolysis, was used to promote the nitrogen removal in VFCWs for low C/N domestic wastewater. Four systems, including non-aerated with non-biochar VFCW, non-aerated with biochar VFCW, aerated with non-biochar VFCW and aerated with biochar VFCW, were conducted for comparing their treatment performances. The results showed that much higher removal of COD (94.9%), NH4+-N (99.1%), TN (52.7%) and lower N2O emission (60.54μg·m-2·h-1) was obtained in aerated VFCW with biochar addition. The results suggested that adding biochar to intermittent aerated VFCWs could be an effective and appropriate strategy for low C/N wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China.
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Torrijos V, Ruiz I, Soto M. Effect of step-feeding on the performance of lab-scale columns simulating vertical flow-horizontal flow constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22649-22662. [PMID: 28812288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of step-feeding (untreated wastewater by-pass) on the performance of lab-scale columns simulating a hybrid vertical flow (VF)-horizontal flow (HF) constructed wetland (CW) system was studied. Step-feeding strategies have been adopted in several kinds of CW, but this is the first report about the use of step-feeding in VF + HF hybrid systems treating domestic wastewater. Applied loading rates were 7-11 g BOD5/m2 day and 2.1-3.4 g TN/m2 day (overall system). Removal efficiency reached 98% TSS and COD and 99% BOD5 on average, whilst a 50% by-pass improved TN removal from 31 to 50%. Maximum surface nitrification rate (5.5 g N/m2 day) was obtained in VF unit, whilst maximum denitrification rate (1.8 g N/m2 day) was observed in HF unit. Referred to the overall system, maximum surface nitrification and denitrification rates were 2.2 and 1.6 g N/m2 day, respectively. However, potential nitrifying and denitrifying activities (batch assays) were 15.0 and 58.9 g N/m2 day, respectively. Even at 50% by-pass, operational conditions in HF unit (dissolved oxygen, redox, COD/TN ratio) were not suitable enough for denitrification. However, methane emissions were not observed and nitrous oxide emissions were relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Torrijos
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - Manuel Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008, A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
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Liu M, Li B, Xue Y, Wang H, Yang K. Constructed wetland using corncob charcoal substrate: pollutants removal and intensification. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1300-1307. [PMID: 28953456 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of using corncob charcoal substrate in constructed wetlands, four laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) were built. Effluent pollutant (chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total phosphorus (TP)) concentrations during the experiment were determined to reveal pollutant removal mechanisms and efficiencies at different stages. In the stable stage, a VFCW using clay ceramisite substrate under aeration attained higher COD (95.1%), and NH4+-N (95.1%) removal efficiencies than a VFCW using corncob charcoal substrate (91.5% COD, 91.3% NH4+-N) under aeration, but lower TP removal efficiency (clay ceramisite 32.0% and corncob charcoal 40.0%). The VFCW with raw corncob substrate showed stronger COD emissions (maximum concentration 3,108 mg/L) than the corncob charcoal substrate (COD was lower than influent). The VFCW using corncob charcoal substrate performed much better than the VFCW using clay ceramisite substrate under aeration when the C/N ratio was low (C/N = 1.5, TN removal efficiency 36.89%, 4.1% respectively). These results suggest that corncob charcoal is a potential substrate in VFCWs under aeration with a unique self -supplying carbon source property in the denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
| | - Boyuan Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingwen Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
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The use of a hybrid Sequential Biofiltration System for the improvement of nutrient removal and PCB control in municipal wastewater. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5477. [PMID: 28710428 PMCID: PMC5511289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to evaluate the efficiency of an innovative hybrid Sequential Biofiltration System (SBS) for removing phosphorus and nitrogen and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from original municipal wastewater produced by a Wastewater Treatment Plant under authentic operating conditions. The hybrid SBS was constructed with two barriers, a geochemical (filtration beds with limestone, coal and sawdust) and a biological barrier (wetlands with Glyceria, Acorus, Typha, Phragmites), operating in parallel. Significant differences were found between inflow and outflow from the SBS with regard to wastewater contaminant concentrations, the efficiency of removal being 16% (max. 93%) for Total Phosphorus (TP), 25% (max. 93%) for Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP), 15% (max. 97%) for Total Nitrogen (TN), 17% (max. 98%) for NO3-N, and 21% for PCB equivalency (PCB EQ). In the case of PCB EQ concentration, the highest efficiency of 43% was obtained using beds with macrophytes. The SBS removed a significant load of TP (0.415 kg), TN (3.136 kg), and PCB EQ (0.223 g) per square meter per year. The use of low-cost hybrid SBSs as a post-treatment step for wastewater treatment was found to be an effective ecohydrological biotechnology that may be used for reducing point source pollution and improving water quality.
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Andreo-Martínez P, García-Martínez N, Quesada-Medina J, Almela L. Domestic wastewaters reuse reclaimed by an improved horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland: A case study in the southeast of Spain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:236-246. [PMID: 28285214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this case study was to assess the performance of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HF-CW) located in southeastern Spain, filled with blast furnace slags (BFS), planted with Phragmites australis and designed to treat artificially aerated domestic wastewater to produce effluents suitable for agriculture reuse. The water quality parameters, included in the Spanish regulations for reclaimed wastewater reuse as agricultural quality 2.1, were monitored for one year. Data for all studied parameters, except electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), met the Spanish standards for reclaimed wastewater reuse due to the high evapotranspiration (ET) during the summer. The introduced improvements were effective for turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and, specially, for total phosphorus (TP) with an average abatement of 96.9±1.7%. The improved HF-CW achieved similar or better percentage abatements than those reported using some hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Andreo-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Nuria García-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quesada-Medina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Almela
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Hou J, Xia L, Ma T, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, He X. Achieving short-cut nitrification and denitrification in modified intermittently aerated constructed wetland. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:10-17. [PMID: 28214440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aim to enhance nitrogen removal performance via shifting nitrogen removal pathway from nitrate to nitrite pathway. It was demonstrated that nitrite pathway was successfully and stably achieved in CWs by using modified intermittent aeration control with aeration 20min/non-aeration 100min and reducing DO concentration during aeration, nitrite in the effluent could accumulate to over 70% of the total oxidized nitrogen. Q-PCR analysis showed that nitrifying microbial communities were optimized under the alternating anoxic and aerobic conditions, ammonia oxidizing bacteria increased from 7.15×106 to 8.99×106copies/g, while nitrite oxidizing bacteria decreased approximately threefold after 234days operation. Most importantly, high nitrogen removal efficiency with ammonium removal efficiency of 94.6%, and total nitrogen removal efficiency of 82.6% could be achieved via nitrite pathway even under carbon limiting conditions. In comparison to the nitrate pathway, the nitrite pathway could improve the TN removal by about 55%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiyong Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xugang He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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49
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Gonzalo OG, Ruiz I, Soto M. Integrating pretreatment and denitrification in constructed wetland systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:1300-1309. [PMID: 28189310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the operational characteristics and the efficiency of a compact constructed wetland system for municipal wastewater treatment that integrates denitrification in the pre-treatment unit. The proposed system was simulated by two units in series with effluent recirculation, the first one being an anoxic digester, conceived as a hydrolytic up flow sludge bed for solids hydrolysis and denitrification, and the second one a sand column that simulated the operation of a vertical flow constructed wetland. The hybrid system consisted of two small columns of 4 and 10.2cm in diameter (anoxic digester and vertical flow unit, respectively). The unplanted system was operated successively with synthetic and real municipal wastewater over a period of 136days. Hydraulic loading rate ranged from 212 to 318mm/day and surface loading rate from 122 to 145g/m2·day of chemical oxygen demand and 10-15g/m2·day of total nitrogen for the overall system. The overall system reached removals of 91% to 99% for total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand whilst total nitrogen removal ranged from 43% to 61%. In addition to suspended solids removal (up to 78%), the anoxic digester provided high denitrification rates (3-12gN/m2·day) whilst the vertical flow unit provided high nitrification rates (8-15gN/m2·day). Organic matter was mainly removed in the anoxic digester (63-82% chemical oxygen demand) and used for denitrification. Final effluent concentration was lower for ammonia (7.4±2.4mgN/L on average) than for nitrate (19.8±4.4mgN/L), denitrification appearing as the limiting step in nitrogen removal in the system. CH4 or N2O emissions were not detected in any of the units of the system indicating very low greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Gonzalo
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering l, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - I Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering l, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - M Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering l, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, 15008 A Coruña, Spain.
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50
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Zhu S, Huang X, Ho SH, Wang L, Yang J. Effect of plant species compositions on performance of lab-scale constructed wetland through investigating photosynthesis and microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 229:196-203. [PMID: 28113079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the effects of plant compositions on removal rates of pollutants in microcosms through investigating rhizosphere microbial populations, photosynthetic efficiency and growth characteristics. Mixed-culture groups improved the removal efficiency of TN and TP significantly but exhibited lower COD removal rates. Total plant biomasses were improved as the species richness increased, but the N/P content in the plants was mainly affected by the type of species. The mixed-culture groups showed lower photosynthesis rates and oxygen supply generated from roots under high irradiation. Microbial communities of the cultured groups in the rhizosphere exhibited significant differences. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the fungi were the typical microbes of SPA, SPAB, and SPABC, resulted in improvement in nutrient accumulation. These results demonstrated that a mixed culture strategy can represent the overyielding of biomass, promote the photo-protection mechanism, and will further increase the removal rates of pollutants in a constructed wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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