1
|
Feng X, Deng J, Wan J, He J, Huang Z, Yan A. Preparation of a hydrophobically associated cationic polyacrylamide and its regulation of the sludge dewatering performance. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1350-1369. [PMID: 33079715 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A hydrophobically associating cationic polyacrylamide (HACPAM) was prepared by using a micellar polymerization method with V-50 (azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride) as the initiator and acrylamide, acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride and butyl methacrylate as substrates under ultraviolet light irradiation. Structural analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that the substrates were successfully polymerized. HACPAM was used to condition sludge to improve its dewatering performance, and the results showed that as the amount of HACPAM increases, the sludge dewatering performance is significantly improved, and 3.532 kg/t dry solids of HACPAM is regarded as the optimal amount. Compared with the commercially available cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), HACPAM has a stronger hydrophobic group association effect, with better promotion of the conversion of bound water in sludge flocs into free water, thereby improving the sewage dewatering performance. The 3D spatial structure of dewatered sludge cakes analyzed by computed tomography technology showed that the number of pores of the dewatered sludge cake treated by HACPAM 3 was smaller than that of the cake treated by CPAM, with a reduction in the porosity of 68.8%, resulting in a better hydrophobic effect. In addition, the mechanism of HACPAM improving the dewatering performance is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| | - Jinchuan Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, ZhongKai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Wan
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| | - Jinqiang He
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| | - Zhenjun Huang
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| | - Aoqi Yan
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang B, Zhang S, Hu H, Duan C, He Z, Ni Y. Separation of hemicellulose and cellulose from wood pulp using a γ-valerolactone (GVL)/water mixture. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
3
|
Naicker JE, Govinden R, Lekha P, Sithole B. Transformation of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS) into a glucose-rich hydrolysate using green chemistry: Assessing pretreatment methods for enhanced hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110914. [PMID: 32721348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulp and paper mill sludge is a waste stream derived from the pulp and paper making industry, comprised of organic and inorganic material in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash. In South Africa, approximately fivefour hundred thousand wet tonnes are produced per annum and is currently disposed via landfilling or incineration. However, these disposal methods raise environmental and financial concerns. This waste stream is an attractive feedstock for fermentable sugars, mainly glucose, recovery and can be redirected for valorisation as a feedstock for microbial fermentation to produce value-added products. Sugar recovery by enzymatic hydrolysis, as opposed to acidic hydrolysis, is a promising approach but is hampered by the lignin and inorganic material found in pulp and paper mill sludge. Several treatment steps to reduce or remove these components prior to enzymatic hydrolysis are assessed in this review. Pretreatment improves hydrolysis of cellulosic fibres and ensures a substantial yield of sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Emmanuel Naicker
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University Road, Westville, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Roshini Govinden
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University Road, Westville, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Prabashni Lekha
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, PO Box 59081, Umbilo, 4075, South Africa
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, PO Box 59081, Umbilo, 4075, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Howard Campus), Discipline of Chemical Engineering, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo M, Chen Q, Liang Y, Wang Y, Luo G, Yu H. Experimental and model‐based study of biohydration of acrylonitrile to acrylamide in a microstructured chemical system. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qiang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Youxiang Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yujun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huimin Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bajaj P, Mahajan R. Cellulase and xylanase synergism in industrial biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8711-8724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Immobilized enzyme on pulp fiber through layer-by-layer technique using cationic polyacrylamide for whitewater treatment from papermaking. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1583-1589. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
7
|
Yang S, Yang B, Duan C, Fuller DA, Wang X, Chowdhury SP, Stavik J, Zhang H, Ni Y. Applications of enzymatic technologies to the production of high-quality dissolving pulp: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:440-448. [PMID: 30876797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the worldwide production of dissolving pulp has grown rapidly. Enzymatic technologies play an important role in producing high-quality dissolving pulp, due to their green, mild conditions, high specificity and efficiency. In this review, the relevant publications regarding enzyme applications for dissolving pulp are summarized. Cellulase and xylanase are two major enzymes used for this purpose. Cellulase can improve the quality of dissolving pulp, such as improving the reactivity/accessibility, controlling the intrinsic viscosity and adjusting the molecular weight. Xylanase is mainly used to increase the purity of the dissolving pulp and improve the pulp brightness. Furthermore, in order to increase the enzymatic treatment efficiency, the enzymatic technology can be combined with other techniques, including mechanical refining, fiber fractionations, alkali treatment and use of additives. The advantages, disadvantages and practical implications are analyzed. Also, the potential of other enzymes (such as laccase, mannanase) are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Paper Making Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Bo Yang
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Darcy Alexandra Fuller
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Xinqi Wang
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Susmita Paul Chowdhury
- Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Jaroslav Stavik
- Schweighofer Fiber GmbH, Salzachtalstraße 88, Postfach 62, 5400 Hallein, Austria
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Paper Making Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Paper Making Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride assisted cellulase pretreatment for pulp refining efficiency enhancement. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 203:342-348. [PMID: 30318221 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as an additive in the cellulase pretreatment process (the PDADMAC-assisted cellulase pretreatment process) prior to pulp refining, was investigated, with the objective of decreasing the energy consumption and/or cellulase dosage in the pulp refining process. Results showed that PDADMAC significantly improved the cellulase adsorption onto pulp fibers, which is responsible for enhancement in the cellulase treatment efficiency. The low molecular weight PDADMAC is more effective than the high molecular weight counterpart, because it is capable of infiltrating into the fiber pores to attack the fiber internal structure, while the high molecular weight PDADMAC just stays on the fiber surfaces. The developed pretreatment process facilitates the subsequent pulp refining process. The addition of PDADMAC has negligible effect on the strength properties of pulp while reducing the energy consumption with less cellulase dosage. One version of this process concept is proposed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu H, Xu Y, Ni Y, Wu Q, Liu S, Li L, Yu S, Ji Z. Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from waste paper fibers by cationic polymers addition. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:248-254. [PMID: 30177163 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers (cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), polyethyleneimine (PEI) or cationic starch (CS)) were used to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper fibers (WPFs) at 15% (w/w) solids concentration. Results showed that 0.05 g/L PEI, CPAM and CS resulted in 72.5%, 65.9% and 59.7% conversion of WPFs, increased by 15.4%, 8.8% and 2.6%, respectively, compared with control (57.1%). PEI was shown to have a larger effect than CPAM and CS, and generate a total sugar concentration of 73.9 g/L. Improvement in hydrolysis with cationic polymer addition is attributed to increased cellulase adsorption on cellulose through electrostatic attraction, rather than enhancement of cellulase activity. A patching/ bridging mechanism of cationic polymer enhancement of cellulose adsorption in cellulose is hypothesized. PEI exhibited maximum cellulose binding for polymers examined and appears to promote binding through a patching mechanism. CPAM and CS adsorbed a relatively low cellulase through bridging mechanism. In addition, enzyme loading could be reduced by addition of cationic polymers to obtain the same glucose yield, especially when PEI was used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yuqin Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shitao Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Zhe Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang S, Wen Y, Zhang H, Li J, Ni Y. Enhancing the Fock reactivity of dissolving pulp by the combined prerefining and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride-assisted cellulase treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:135-140. [PMID: 29625285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissolving pulp is an important source of cellulose raw material, and its key quality parameter is the Fock reactivity for viscose rayon application. Cellulase treatment is an effective method for improving the Fock reactivity of kraft-based dissolving pulp. In this study, a novel process concept of improving the cellulase treatment for this purpose was developed, and it consists of mechanical pre-refining and PDADMAC-assisted cellulase treatment. The hypothesis is based on: 1) opening up the fiber structures to improve the cellulase accessibility by pulp prerefining, 2) the addition of cationic poly DADMAC to the subsequent cellulase stage enhances the cellulase adsorption onto anionic fibers due to favorable electrostatic interactions. The results showed that the Fock reactivity of the resultant pulp from the combined treatment is much higher than that of the control, yet, achieved at a much lower cellulase dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yangbing Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp & Paper Centre & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding Q, Zeng J, Wang B, Gao W, Chen K, Yuan Z, Xu J, Tang D. Effect of retention rate of fluorescent cellulose nanofibrils on paper properties and structure. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 186:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Wang X, Duan C, Zhao C, Meng J, Qin X, Xu Y, Ni Y. Heteropoly acid catalytic treatment for reactivity enhancement and viscosity control of dissolving pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:182-187. [PMID: 29353748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity enhancement and viscosity control are of practical importance during the manufacture of high-quality cellulose (also known as dissolving pulp). In the study, the concept of using phosphotungstic acid (HPW) for this purpose was demonstrated. The Fock reactivity of resultant pulp increased from 49.1% to 74.1% after the HPW catalytic treatment at a dosage of 86.4 mg HPW/g odp. The improved results can be attributed to the increased fiber accessibility, thanks to the favorable fiber morphologic changes, such as increased pore volume/size, water retention value and specific surface area. HPW can be readily recycled/reused by evaporating method, where maintaining 87.1% catalytic activity after six recycle times. The HPW catalytic treatment concept may provide a green alternative for the manufacture of high-quality dissolving pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jingru Meng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qin
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo M, Yang L, Li J, Jiao S, Wang Y, Luo G, Yu H. Effects of interface adsorption of Rhodococcus ruber TH3 cells on the biocatalytic hydration of acrylonitrile to acrylamide. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:931-938. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Liu Y, Sun B, Zheng X, Yu L, Li J. Integrated microwave and alkaline treatment for the separation between hemicelluloses and cellulose from cellulosic fibers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:859-863. [PMID: 30060423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the microwave was employed during the alkaline treatment process, in order to separate the hemicelluloses and cellulose from a delignified hardwood kraft pulp. In relation to hemicelluloses yield, the integrated microwave and alkaline treatment resulted in 9.25% and 12.05% at 50°C and 80°C, respectively. Correspondingly, the resultant pulp fibers presented the increased cellulose content, which was desirable for manufacturing dissolving pulp. Additionally, the effect from mechanical refining pretreatment followed microwave and alkaline treatment, on the separation of hemicelluloses and cellulose, was also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Faculty of Chemical and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Faculty of Chemical and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Xuefan Zheng
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lingfang Yu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Hu H, Li H, Huang L, Chen L, Ni Y. Kinetics and mechanism of hemicelluloses removal from cellulosic fibers during the cold caustic extraction process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:61-66. [PMID: 28319774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effective separation of hemicelluloses and cellulose is desirable for the production of high-purity cellulose, which is a sustainable raw material for many value-added applications. For this purpose, the kinetics and mechanism of hemicelluloses removal from the cold caustic extraction (CCE) were investigated in the present study. The hemicelluloses removal process consists of: 1) the bulk phase, characteristic of significant hemicelluloses removal; 2) the transition phase, hemicelluloses transferring from the inner to the outer region of the fiber wall, with negligible overall hemicelluloses removal; 3) the residual phase, presenting a weak but continuing hemicelluloses removal. Furthermore, the enzymatic peeling method was adopted to study the fundamentals of hemicelluloses removal. The results showed that the molecular weight of hemicelluloses is the main parameter governing their diffusion/dissolution processes, and that the low molecular weight hemicelluloses are preferentially removed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huichao Hu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hailong Li
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao L, Yuan Z, Kapu NS, Chang XF, Beatson R, Trajano HL, Martinez DM. Increasing efficiency of enzymatic hemicellulose removal from bamboo for production of high-grade dissolving pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:40-46. [PMID: 27788428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of enzymatic hemicellulose removal from bamboo pre-hydrolysis kraft pulp, mechanical refining was conducted prior to enzyme treatment. Refining significantly improved the subsequent hemicellulose removal efficiency by xylanase treatment. Results showed that when PFI refining was followed by 3h xylanase treatment, the xylan content of the bamboo pre-hydrolysis kraft pulp (after first stage oxygen delignification) could be decreased to 2.72% (w/w). After bleaching of enzyme treated pulp, the alpha-cellulose content was 93.4% (w/w) while the xylan content was only 2.38%. The effect of refining on fibre properties was investigated in terms of freeness, water retention value, fibre length and fibrillation characteristics. The brightness, reactivity and viscosity were also determined to characterize the quality of final pulp. Results demonstrated the feasibility of combining refining and xylanase treatment to produce high quality bamboo dissolving pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhaoyang Yuan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Nuwan Sella Kapu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xue Feng Chang
- Chemical & Environmental Technology, British Columbia Institute of Technology, 3700 Willingdon Ave, Vancouver, BC V5G 3H2, Canada
| | - Rodger Beatson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Chemical & Environmental Technology, British Columbia Institute of Technology, 3700 Willingdon Ave, Vancouver, BC V5G 3H2, Canada
| | - Heather L Trajano
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D Mark Martinez
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Duan C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Ni Y. Fractionation and cellulase treatment for enhancing the properties of kraft-based dissolving pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:439-444. [PMID: 27815045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a combined process involving pulp fractionation and cellulase treatment of each fraction for improving the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and reactivity of a kraft-based dissolving pulp. Three pulp fractions, namely long-fiber, mid-fiber and short-fiber fractions (LF, MF and SF, respectively), were used as the substrates. The results showed that the SF had the highest accessibility, lowest viscosity, and highest cellulase adsorption capacity, while the opposite was true for the LF. At a given viscosity, the combined process led to a lower polydispersity index (3.71 vs 4.98) and a higher Fock reactivity (85.6% vs 76.3%), in comparison to the conventional single-stage cellulase treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Xinqi Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - YanLing Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Q, Liu S, Yang G, Chen J, Ji X, Ni Y. Recycling cellulase towards industrial application of enzyme treatment on hardwood kraft-based dissolving pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:160-163. [PMID: 27099940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effectiveness is vital for enzymatic treatment of dissolving pulp towards industrial application. The strategy of cellulase recycling with fresh cellulase addition was demonstrated in this work to activate the dissolving pulp, i.e. decreasing viscosity and increasing Fock reactivity. Results showed that 48.8-35.1% of cellulase activity can be recovered from the filtered liquor in five recycle rounds, which can be reused for enzymatic treatment of dissolving pulp. As a result, the recycling cellulase with addition fresh cellulase of 1mg/g led to the pulp of viscosity 470mL/g and Fock reactivity 80%, which is comparable with cellulase charge of 2mg/g. Other pulp properties such as alpha-cellulose, alkaline solubility and molecular weight distribution were also determined. Additionally, a zero-release of recycling cellulase treatment was proposed to integrate into the dissolving pulp production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Guihua Yang
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Duan C, Verma SK, Li J, Ma X, Ni Y. Combination of mechanical, alkaline and enzymatic treatments to upgrade paper-grade pulp to dissolving pulp with high reactivity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:458-463. [PMID: 26519697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A modified process consisting of an initial mechanical refining (R) followed by a low-alkali (5.5% NaOH) cold caustic extraction (CCE) and finally an endoglucanase (EG) treatment (R-5.5%CCE-EG) was investigated for upgrading paper-grade pulp to dissolving pulp. Results showed that compared to the conventional process (9%CCE-EG), the modified process can decrease the alkali concentration (from 9% to 5.5%) to achieve a similar hemicelluloses removal while simultaneously enhancing the Fock reactivity (from 62.2% to 81.0%). The improved results were due to the fact that the mechanical refining resulted in favorable fiber morphological changes, including increased pore volume/size, water retention value and specific surface area. Consequently, the hemicelluloses removal was enhanced even under the subsequent low-alkali CCE condition. A synergic effect of refining, low alkali concentration and enzymatic activation was responsible for the higher reactivity of resulting dissolving pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Saurabh Kumar Verma
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Jianguo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li J, Liu Y, Duan C, Zhang H, Ni Y. Mechanical pretreatment improving hemicelluloses removal from cellulosic fibers during cold caustic extraction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:501-506. [PMID: 26081626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemicelluloses removal is a prerequisite for the production of high-quality cellulose (also known as dissolving pulp), and further recovery and utilization of hemicelluloses, which can be considered as a typical Integrated Forest Biorefinery concept. In this paper, a process of combined mechanical refining and cold caustic extraction (CCE), which was applied to a softwood sulfite sample, was investigated. The results showed that the hemicelluloses removal efficiency and selectivity were higher for the combined treatment than that for the CCE alone. The combined treatment can thus decrease the alkali concentration (from 8% to 4%) to achieve a similar hemicelluloses removal. The improved results were due to the fact that the mechanical refining resulted in increases in pore volume and diameter, water retention value (WRV) and specific surface area (SSA), all of which can make positive contributions to the hemicelluloses removal in the subsequent CCE process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yishan Liu
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
| | - Chao Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li J, Zhang H, Duan C, Liu Y, Ni Y. Enhancing hemicelluloses removal from a softwood sulfite pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:11-6. [PMID: 26004557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemicelluloses removal is highly desirable in many biomass processes, including the pretreatment steps of the bioconversion for ethanol production, production of high-quality dissolving pulps. In this study, a sequential treatment consisting of pulp fractionation, followed by caustic treatment to remove hemicelluloses from a softwood sulfite pulp, was investigated. The long-fiber fraction obtained after pulp fractionation, had a lower hemicelluloses content and smaller specific surface area, but larger pore diameter than the short-fiber fraction. The fiber fractions were subsequently treated in a cold caustic extraction (CCE) or hot caustic extraction (HCE). Results showed that hemicelluloses removal in the long-fiber fraction was more pronounced than the short-fiber fraction in both CCE and HCE processes. Other parameters, such as hemicelluloses removal selectivity, yield were studied. The underlying explanations were given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chao Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yishan Liu
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan Province 643000, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Q, Liu S, Yang G, Chen J, Ni Y. High consistency cellulase treatment of hardwood prehydrolysis kraft based dissolving pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 189:413-416. [PMID: 25934579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For enzymatic treatment of dissolving pulp, there is a need to improve the process to facilitate its commercialization. For this purpose, the high consistency cellulase treatment was conducted based on the hypothesis that a high cellulose concentration would favor the interactions of cellulase and cellulose, thus improves the cellulase efficiency while decreasing the water usage. The results showed that compared with a low consistency of 3%, the high consistency of 20% led to 24% increases of cellulase adsorption ratio. As a result, the viscosity decrease and Fock reactivity increase at consistency of 20% were enhanced from 510 mL/g and 70.3% to 471 mL/g and 77.6%, respectively, compared with low consistency of 3% at 24h. The results on other properties such as alpha cellulose, alkali solubility and molecular weight distribution also supported the conclusion that a high consistency of cellulase treatment was more effective than a low pulp consistency process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Guihua Yang
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- Key Lab of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Yang L, Ding X, Chen J, Wang Y, Luo G, Yu H. Visual study of mass transfer characterization in the process of biological catalytic hydration of acrylonitrile using pendant drop method. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a pendant drop method was utilized to observe visually the mass transfer process of an acrylonitrile droplet during bio-hydration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Lufan Yang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xifeng Ding
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jie Chen
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yujun Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Huimin Yu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| |
Collapse
|