1
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Galea-Outón S, Milferstedt K, Hamelin J. High methane potential of oxygenic photogranules decreases after starvation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130986. [PMID: 38908765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photogranules (OPG) are granular biofilms that can treat wastewater without external aeration, making it an advantage over activated sludge. Excess of OPG biomass can serve as energy source through anaerobic digestion. Two sequencing batch photoreactors were operated over 400 days to grow OPG. Biochemical methane potentials (BMP) were obtained from near-infrared spectroscopy. OPGs had an average BMP of 356 mL CH4·gVS-1, much higher than typical BMP from activated sludge. A partial least squares analysis could relate BMP with reactor operating conditions, like light regime, load or biomass concentration. Since organic load was the most influential parameter on BMP, three starvation experiments were set up. An average decrease of BMP by 18.4 % was observed. However, the unexpected growth of biomass during starvation resulted in a higher total methane volume. In conclusion, starvation reduces the BMP of OPGs but anaerobic digestion of OPG biomass remains a promising route for biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Galea-Outón
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Kim Milferstedt
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Jérôme Hamelin
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
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2
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Lian J, He Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang K, Sunde J, Rebours C, Liu H, Zhu X, Han D, Hu Q, Li M. Recovery of nutrients from fish sludge to enhance the growth of microalga Chlorella sorokiniana CMBB276. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116421. [PMID: 38713927 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Intensive aquaculture production generates large amounts of sludge. This waste could be considered as a potential source of nutrients that can be recovered and utilized. Little attention has been paid to nutrient recovery from fish sludge. In this study, bioconversion of sludge was evaluated in lab scale under anaerobic (AN), facultative anaerobic (FA) and aerobic (AE) conditions. After 40 days of fermentation, AN recovered the highest values of dissolved total nitrogen (82.7 mg L-1), while AE showed the highest dissolved total phosphorus (11.8 mg L-1) and the highest reduction of total suspended solids (36.0 %). Microbial analysis showed that AN exhibited a distinct bacterial community than that of FA and AE. Furthermore, C. sorokiniana grown in AN effluents collected after 12 days of fermentation achieved the highest biomass production (1.96 g L-1). These results suggest that AN has the best potential to recover nutrients from sludge for production of C. sorokiniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lian
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Chozhavendhan S, Karthigadevi G, Bharathiraja B, Praveen Kumar R, Abo LD, Venkatesa Prabhu S, Balachandar R, Jayakumar M. Current and prognostic overview on the strategic exploitation of anaerobic digestion and digestate: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114526. [PMID: 36252837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels and increasing demand for energy are encountered by generating renewable biogas. Anaerobic digestion (AD) produces not only biogas, also other value-added products from the digestate using various organic, municipal and industrial wastes which have several benefits like remediating waste, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy generation and securing socio-economic status of bio-based industries. This review work critically analyzes the biorefinery approaches on AD process for the production of biogas and digestate, and their direct and indirect utilization. The left-out residue obtained from AD is called 'digestate' which enriched with organic matter, nitrogen, heavy metals and other valuable micronutrients. However, the direct disposal of digestate to the land as fertilizer/landfills creates various environmental issues. Keeping this view, the digestate should be upgraded or transformed into high valued products such as biofertilizer, pyrochar, biodiesel, syngas and soil conditioner that can aid to enrich the soil nutrients and ensures the safe environment as well. In this context, the present review focused to illustrate the current techniques and different strategic exploitations on AD proper management of digestate products for storage and further applications. Such a technology transfer provides a proven strategic mechanism towards the enhancement of the sustainability of bio-based industries, attaining the energy demand, safest waste management, protection of environment and reduces the socio-economic issues of the industrial sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chozhavendhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Karthigadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, India
| | - B Bharathiraja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lata Deso Abo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - S Venkatesa Prabhu
- Center of Excellence for Bioprocess and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia
| | - Ramalingam Balachandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Tiruvallur, 602 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
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4
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Growth of Microalgae-Bacteria Flocs for Nutrient Recycling from Digestate and Liquid Slurry and Methane Production by Anaerobic Digestion. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production by anaerobic digestion from different wastes represents a growing interest in the panel of renewable energy. Digestate has already been a subject of numerous studies as part of microalgal culturing because it is still rich in nutrients. This study wants to use it as a reference to investigate the possibility to exploit Slurry for the same applications. The first part of this research aims to evaluate microalgae-bacterial flocs growth for nutrient recycling from liquid digestate and slurry, working at three different dilutions (10%, 30%, and 50%) of these two substrates, in order to determine the best value for nutrients and pollutants removal (ammonia and chemical oxygen demand removal rate) and microalgae-bacterial biomass production (autotrophic index). The best dilutions were 30% for digestate and 10% for slurry, allowing the highest ammonia and chemical oxygen demand removal rates. The second part evaluated methane production during anaerobic digestion at different ratios of substrate/inoculum (0.2, 0.5, and 0.8), using microalgae-bacterial flocs as a substrate and digestate or slurry as the inoculum. After 30 days, the anaerobic digestion without flocs showed the best performance compared to digestion with flocs (726.7 mL CH4·g−1 slurry, 245.6 mL CH4·g−1 digestate), whereas, for flocs digestion, the best ratio for both inocula was 0.2 substrate/inoculum with 317.2 mL CH4·g−1 slurry and 165.7 mL CH4·g−1 digestate. All solid masses are expressed in terms of volatile solids (VS).
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5
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Choudhury A, Lepine C, Witarsa F, Good C. Anaerobic digestion challenges and resource recovery opportunities from land-based aquaculture waste and seafood processing byproducts: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127144. [PMID: 35413421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented demand for seafood has resulted in land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), a highly intensive but sustainable fish farming method. However, intensification also results in concentrated waste streams of fecal matter and uneaten feed. Harvesting and processing vast quantities of fish also leads to the production of byproducts, further creating disposal challenges for fish farms. Recent research indicates that anaerobic digestion (AD), often used for waste treatment in agricultural and wastewater industries, may provide a viable solution. Limited research on AD of freshwater, brackish, and saline wastewater from RAS facilities and co-digestion of seafood byproducts has shown promising results but with considerable operational and process stability issues. This review discusses challenges to AD due to low solid concentrations, salinity, low carbon/nitrogen ratio, and high lipid content in the waste streams. Opportunities for recovering valuable biomolecules and nutrients through microbial treatment, aquaponics, microalgae, and polyhydroxyalkanoate production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Choudhury
- The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA.
| | - Christine Lepine
- The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA
| | - Freddy Witarsa
- Colorado Mesa University, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Wubben Hall and Science Center, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
| | - Christopher Good
- The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA
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6
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Sirohi R, Joun J, Lee JY, Yu BS, Sim SJ. Waste mitigation and resource recovery from food industry wastewater employing microalgae-bacterial consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127129. [PMID: 35398537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated by the food industry is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus with possible presence of heavy metals. Physical and chemical methods of treatment, although effective, are expensive and may cause secondary environmental pollution damaging aquatic and human life. Traditional biological methods are eco-friendly and cost-effective but involve standalone microorganisms that pose risk of contamination and are not as effective. This review discusses the application of novel microalgal-bacterial consortium as a solution for the resource recovery and treatment of dairy, starch and aquaculture wastewater. Use of biofilm reactors containing anaerobic and aerobic sludge has shown 80-90% and > 90% COD and nutrient removal efficiency in treatment of dairy and starch processing wastewater, respectively. The treatment of aquaculture processing wastewater can be challenging due to high sality and requires salt-tolerant bacteria-microalgae consortium. In this regard, the identification of dominant microalgae and bacteria using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Joun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Carrillo-Reyes J, Buitrón G, Arcila JS, López-Gómez MO. Thermophilic biogas production from microalgae-bacteria aggregates: biogas yield, community variation and energy balance. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129898. [PMID: 33667771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production through anaerobic mesophilic digestion is the most straightforward biofuel production route integrated into microalgae-bacteria wastewater treatment plants. Improvement of this biofuel route without adding pretreatment units is possible through the temperature increase. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the transitory effect of different temperatures (35 °C and 55 °C) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 15 and 30 d on the long-term methane production using non-pretreated microalgae-bacteria aggregates as a feedstock. The thermophilic transition from mesophilic inoculum adapted to microalgae-bacteria aggregate increased 1.7-fold the methane production (0.41 m3CH4 kgVS-1) at HRT of 30 d. A substantial decrease in the microbial community's diversity present in the anaerobic reactor was observed when thermophilic conditions were applied, explaining the long adaptation period needed. The increase of the operative temperature condition promotes changes in the dominance pathway of methanogenesis from hydrogenotrophic to acetolactic. The energy balance assessment showed a positive net energy ratio when the digester was operated at an HRT of 30 d. A maximum net energy ratio of 1.5 was achieved at mesophilic temperature. This study demonstrated, based on experimental data, that microalgal digestion with an HRT of 30 d favors energy self-sustainability in microalgal wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Carrillo-Reyes
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Germán Buitrón
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico.
| | - Juan Sebastián Arcila
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico; Research Group of Technological and Environmental Advances, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Carrera 23 No. 60 - 63, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Matías Orlando López-Gómez
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
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8
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Khoo KS, Chia WY, Chew KW, Show PL. Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia as Future Prospect in Wastewater Bioremediation, Environmental Management and Bioenergy Production. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:262-269. [PMID: 34294991 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, microalgae have captured researchers' attention as the alternative feedstock for various bioenergy production such as biodiesel, biohydrogen, and bioethanol. Cultivating microalgae in wastewaters to simultaneously bioremediate the nutrient-rich wastewater and maintain a high biomass yield is a more economical and environmentally friendly approach. The incorporation of algal-bacterial interaction reveals the mutual relationship of microorganisms where algae are primary producers of organic compounds from CO2, and heterotrophic bacteria are secondary consumers decomposing the organic compounds produced from algae. This review would provide an insight on the challenges and future development of algal-bacterial consortium and its contribution in promoting a sustainable route to greener industry. It is believed that microalgal-bacterial consortia will be implemented in the near-future for sub-sequential treatment of wastewater bioremediation, bioenergy production and CO2 fixation, promoting sustainability and making extraordinary advancement in life sciences sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Malaysia.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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9
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Choudhary P, Assemany PP, Naaz F, Bhattacharya A, Castro JDS, Couto EDADC, Calijuri ML, Pant KK, Malik A. A review of biochemical and thermochemical energy conversion routes of wastewater grown algal biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:137961. [PMID: 32334349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are recognized as a potential source of biomass for obtaining bioenergy. However, the lack of studies towards economic viability and environmental sustainability of the entire production chain limits its large-scale application. The use of wastewaters economizes natural resources used for algal biomass cultivation. However, desirable biomass characteristics for a good fuel may be impaired when wastewaters are used, namely low lipid content and high ash and protein contents. Thus, the choice of wastewaters with more favorable characteristics may be one way of obtaining a more balanced macromolecular composition of the algal biomass and therefore, a more suitable feedstock for the desired energetic route. The exploration of biorefinery concept and the use of wastewaters as culture medium are considered as the main strategic tools in the search of this viability. Considering the economics of overall process, direct utilization of wet biomass using hydrothermal liquefaction or hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion is recommended. Among the explored routes, anaerobic digestion is the most studied process. However, some main challenges remain as little explored, such as a low energy pretreatment and suitable and large-scale reactors for algal biomass digestion. On the other hand, thermochemical conversion routes offer better valorization of the algal biomass but have higher costs. A biorefinery combining anaerobic digestion, hydrothermal carbonization and hydrothermal liquefaction processes would provide the maximum possible output from the biomass depending on its characteristics. Therefore, the choice must be made in an integrated way, aiming at optimizing the quality of the final product to be obtained. Life cycle assessment studies are critical for scaling up of any algal biomass valorization technique for sustainability. Although there are limitations, suitable integrations of these processes would enable to make an economically feasible process which require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Choudhary
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Paula Peixoto Assemany
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/Civil Engineering Department, Avenida PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Farah Naaz
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Arghya Bhattacharya
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jackeline de Siqueira Castro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/Civil Engineering Department, Avenida PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo de Aguiar do Couto Couto
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá/Itabira campus, Instituto de Ciências Puras e Aplicadas, Rua Irmã Ivone Drummond, 200, 35903-087 Itabira, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/Civil Engineering Department, Avenida PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Catalytic Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, 110016, India.
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10
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Laubscher RK, Cowan AK. Elaboration of an algae-to-energy system and recovery of water and nutrients from municipal sewage. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:305-315. [PMID: 32647509 PMCID: PMC7336153 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing pressure is being exerted on the peri-urban space that has elevated the demand for electricity, affects the global water resource, and impacts the potential to produce food, fiber, and commodity products. Algae-based technologies and in particular algae-based sewage treatment provides an opportunity for recovery of water for recycle and re-use, sequestration of greenhouse gases, and generation of biomass. Successful coupling of municipal sewage treatment to an algae-to-energy facility depends largely on location, solar irradiance, and temperature to achieve meaningful value recovery. In this paper, an algae-to-energy sewage treatment system for implementation in southern Africa is elaborated. Using results from the continued operation of an integrated algal pond system (IAPS), it is shown that this 500-person equivalent system generates 75 kL per day water for recycle and re-use and, ∼9 kg per day biomass that can be converted to methane with a net energy yield of ∼150 MJ per day, and ∼0.5 kL per day of high nitrogen-containing liquid effluent (>1 g/L) with potential for use as organic fertilizer. It is this opportunity that IAPS-based algae-to-energy sewage treatment provides for meaningful energy and co-product recovery within the peri-urban space and, which can alleviate pressure on an already strained water-energy-food nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K. Laubscher
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology (EBRU)Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa
| | - A. Keith Cowan
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology (EBRU)Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa
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11
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Abouhend AS, Milferstedt K, Hamelin J, Ansari AA, Butler C, Carbajal-González BI, Park C. Growth Progression of Oxygenic Photogranules and Its Impact on Bioactivity for Aeration-Free Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:486-496. [PMID: 31790233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photogranules (OPGs), spherical aggregates comprised of phototrophic and nonphototrophic microorganisms, treat wastewater without aeration, which currently incurs the highest energy demand in wastewater treatment. In wastewater-treatment reactors, photogranules grow in number as well as in size. Currently, it is unknown how the photogranules grow in size and how the growth impacts their properties and performance in wastewater treatment. Here, we present that the photogranules' growth occurs with changes in phototrophic community and granular morphology. We observed that as the photogranules grow larger, filamentous cyanobacteria become enriched while other phototrophic microbes diminish significantly. The photogranules greater than 3 mm in diameter showed the development of a layered structure in which a concentric filamentous cyanobacterial layer encloses noncyanobacterial aggregates. We observed that the growth of photogranules significantly impacts their capability of producing oxygen, the key element in OPG wastewater treatment. Among seven size classes investigated in this study, photogranules in the 0.5-1 mm size group showed the highest specific oxygen production rate (SOPR), 21.9 ± 1.3 mg O2/g VSS-h, approximately 75% greater than the SOPR of mixed photogranular biomass. We discuss engineering the OPG process based on photogranules' size, promoting the stability of the granular process and enhancing efficiency for self-aerating wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abouhend
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | | | - Abeera A Ansari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Caitlyn Butler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Blanca I Carbajal-González
- Science Center Microscopy Facility, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, United States
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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12
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Quijano G, Arcila JS, Buitrón G. Microalgal-bacterial aggregates: Applications and perspectives for wastewater treatment. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:772-781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Silkina A, Nelson GD, Bayliss CE, Pooley CL, Day JG. Bioremediation efficacy-comparison of nutrient removal from an anaerobic digest waste-based medium by an algal consortium before and after cryopreservation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 29:1331-1341. [PMID: 28572708 PMCID: PMC5429893 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An algal consortium was isolated from an integrated steelmaking site at TATA Steel Strip Products Ltd. in Port Talbot, UK, and its bioremediation capacity tested. Excellent "bioremediation" was observed when the mixed culture was "applied" to diluted effluent from an enhanced anaerobic digestion plant at Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water at Port Talbot, UK. After 5 days of cultivation in a 600-L photobioreactor, 99% of the total nitrogen (initial level, 4500 μmol L-1) and total phosphorus (initial level, 690.4 μmol L-1) were removed from the waste stream. The consortium was deposited in the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), an international depository authority for microalgal patents, as CCAP 293/1. This material has been successfully cryopreserved using a two-step cryopreservation protocol with dimethyl sulphoxide (5% v/v) used as a cryoprotectant. On recovery of samples after 3 months storage at -196 °C, the specific bioremediation activity of the revived consortium was tested. The capacity of the revived culture to bioremediate effluent was not significantly different (p < 0.05) from a non-cryopreserved control, with 99% of total nitrogen and phosphorus remediated by day 4. Although non-axenic algal cultures have previously been cryopreserved, this is the first report of the successful cryopreservation of mixed algal consortium, with validation of its ability to bioremediate after thawing comparing non-cryopreserved cultures with a revived post-thaw algal consortium. The study also highlights the need to ensure the long-term security and the requirement to validate the functionality of conserved inocula with biotechnological/bioremediation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Silkina
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - Graham D. Nelson
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - Catherine E. Bayliss
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - Craig L. Pooley
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - John G. Day
- The Culture Collection for Algae and Protozoa, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA UK
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14
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Vulsteke E, Van Den Hende S, Bourez L, Capoen H, Rousseau DPL, Albrecht J. Economic feasibility of microalgal bacterial floc production for wastewater treatment and biomass valorization: A detailed up-to-date analysis of up-scaled pilot results. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:118-129. [PMID: 27955865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The economic potential of outdoor microalgal bacterial floc (MaB-floc) raceway ponds as wastewater treatment technology and bioresource of biomass for fertilizer, shrimp feed, phycobiliproteins and biogas in Northwest Europe is assessed. This assessment is based on cost data provided by industry experts, on experimental data obtained from pilot-scale outdoor MaB-floc ponds treating aquaculture and food-industry effluents, and from different biomass valorization tests. MaB-floc ponds exhibit a cost-performance of EUR 0.25-0.50m-3 wastewater which is similar to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. The production cost of MaB-flocs in aquaculture and food industry effluent is EUR 5.29 and 8.07kg-1TSS, respectively. Capital costs and pond mixing costs are the major expenses. Commercializing MaB-flocs as aquaculture feed generates substantial revenues, but the largest profit potential lies in production of high-purity phycobiliproteins from MaB-flocs. These results highlight the large economic potential of MaB-floc technology, and justify its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Vulsteke
- Centre for Environmental Economics and Management (CEEM), Department of General Economics, Ghent University, Tweekerkenstraat 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. http://www.ceem.ugent.be
| | - Sofie Van Den Hende
- Laboratory of Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador. http://www.ibw.ugent.be
| | - Lode Bourez
- Bebouwen en Bewaren - Water Sanitation and Ponds, Beukendreef 22, B-8020 Hertsberge, Belgium.
| | - Henk Capoen
- Catael - Automation, Doornikserijksweg 149, B-8510 Bellegem, Kortrijk, Belgium. http://www.catael.be
| | - Diederik P L Rousseau
- Laboratory of Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Johan Albrecht
- Centre for Environmental Economics and Management (CEEM), Department of General Economics, Ghent University, Tweekerkenstraat 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Sawatdeenarunat C, Nguyen D, Surendra KC, Shrestha S, Rajendran K, Oechsner H, Xie L, Khanal SK. Anaerobic biorefinery: Current status, challenges, and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:304-313. [PMID: 27005786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been in use for many decades. To date, it has been primarily aimed at treating organic wastes, mainly manures and wastewater sludge, and industrial wastewaters. However, with the current advancements, a more open mind is required to look beyond these somewhat restricted original applications of AD. Biorefineries are such concepts, where multiple products including chemicals, fuels, polymers etc. are produced from organic feedstocks. The anaerobic biorefinery concept is now gaining increased attention, utilizing AD as the final disposal step. This review aims at evaluating the potential significance of anaerobic biorefineries, including types of feedstocks, uses for the produced energy, as well as sustainable applications of the generated residual digestate. A comprehensive analysis of various types of anaerobic biorefineries has been developed, including both large-scale and household level applications. Finally, future directives are highlighted showing how anaerobic biorefinery concept could impact the bioeconomy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanon Sawatdeenarunat
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - K C Surendra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Shilva Shrestha
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), University of Michigan Ann Arbor, 1351 Beal Ave., 107 EWRE Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
| | - Karthik Rajendran
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Hans Oechsner
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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16
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Food-industry-effluent-grown microalgal bacterial flocs as a bioresource for high-value phycochemicals and biogas. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Passos F, Felix L, Rocha H, Pereira JDO, de Aquino S. Reuse of microalgae grown in full-scale wastewater treatment ponds: Thermochemical pretreatment and biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:305-312. [PMID: 26990398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed thermochemical pretreatment of microalgae harvested from a full-scale wastewater treatment pond prior to its anaerobic digestion using acid and alkaline chemical doses combined with thermal pretreatment at 80°C. Results indicated that alkaline and thermal pretreatment contributed mostly to glycoprotein and pectin solubilisation; whilst acid pretreatment solubilised mostly hemicellulose, with lower effectiveness for proteins. Regarding the anaerobic biodegradability, biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests showed that final methane yield was enhanced after almost all pretreatment conditions when compared to non-pretreated microalgae, with the highest increase for thermochemical pretreatment at the lowest dose (0.5%), i.e. 82% and 86% increase for alkaline and acid, respectively. At higher doses, salt toxicity was revealed by K(+) concentrations over 5000mg/L. All BMP data from pretreated biomass was successfully described by the modified Gompertz model and optimal condition (thermochemical 0.5% HCl) showed an increase in final methane yield and the process kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Passos
- Environmental and Chemical Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Felix
- Environmental and Chemical Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hemyle Rocha
- Environmental and Chemical Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jackson de Oliveira Pereira
- Technology in Civil Engineering Department, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba, 36420-000 Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Aquino
- Environmental and Chemical Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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Gonzalez-Fernandez C, Sialve B, Molinuevo-Salces B. Anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass: Challenges, opportunities and research needs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:896-906. [PMID: 26454349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Integration of anaerobic digestion (AD) with microalgae processes has become a key topic to support economic and environmental development of this resource. Compared with other substrates, microalgae can be produced close to the plant without the need for arable lands and be fully integrated within a biorefinery. As a limiting step, anaerobic hydrolysis appears to be one of the most challenging steps to reach a positive economic balance and to completely exploit the potential of microalgae for biogas and fertilizers production. This review covers recent investigations dealing with microalgae AD and highlights research opportunities and needs to support the development of this resource. Novel approaches to increase hydrolysis rate, the importance of the reactor design and the noteworthiness of the microbial anaerobic community are addressed. Finally, the integration of AD with microalgae processes and the potential of the carboxylate platform for chemicals and biofuels production are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Sialve
- INRA, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
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