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Meng Q, Zeng W, Liu H, Zhang J, Ma B, Peng Y. Optimizing sludge retention time for sustainable photo-enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems: Insights into nutrient fate, microbial community, and bacterial phototolerance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119839. [PMID: 38104464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Photo-enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (PEBPR) systems, promising wastewater treatment technology, offer efficient phosphorus removal without external oxygen. However, comprehending the impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the system is crucial for successful implementation. This study investigated the SRT effect on nutrient fate, microbial community, and bacterial phototolerance in PEBPR systems. PEBPR systems exhibited good bacterial phototolerance at SRT of 10, 15, and 20 d, with optimal phosphorus-accumulation metabolism observed at SRT of 10 and 15d. However, at SRT of 5d, increased light sensitivity and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) growth resulted in poor P removal (71.9%). Accumulibacter-IIC were the dominant P accumulating organisms (PAOs) at SRT of 10, 15, and 20 d. Accumulibacter-I, IIC and IIF were the major PAOs at SRT of 5 d. The decrease in SRT promoted the microalgal population diversity, and Dictyosphaerium and Chlorella were the major microalgal species in this study. Flow cytometry results revealed high light intensity triggered intracellular Fe2+ efflux, limiting translation activity and metabolism. Moreover, PAOs had lower phototolerance than GAOs due to Poly-P bound intracellular Mg2+ affecting enzyme activity. This study provides an in-depth understanding of PEBPR systems operation strategy toward environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Hongjun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Biao Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Tao Y, Liu Z, Zheng J, Zhou J, He D, Ma J. Microalgae production in human urine: Fundamentals, opportunities, and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1067782. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological treatment of source-separated human urine to produce biofuel, nutraceutical, and high-value chemicals is getting increasing attention. Especially, photoautotrophic microalgae can use human urine as media to achieve environmentally and economically viable large-scale cultivation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the up-to-date advancements in microalgae cultivation employing urine in photobioreactors (PBRs). The standard matrices describing algal growth and nutrient removal/recovery have been summarized to provide a platform for fair comparison among different studies. Specific consideration has been given to the critical operating factors to understand how the PBRs should be maintained to achieve high efficiencies. Finally, we discuss the perspectives that emphasize the impacts of co-existing bacteria, contamination by human metabolites, and genetic engineering on the practical microalgal biomass production in urine.
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Al-Mallahi J, Ishii K. Attempts to alleviate inhibitory factors of anaerobic digestate for enhanced microalgae cultivation and nutrients removal: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114266. [PMID: 34906810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a well-established process that is applied to treat organic wastes and convert the carbon to valuable methane gas as a source of energy. The digestate that comes out as a by-product is of a great challenge due to its high nutrient content that can be toxic in case of improper disposal to the environment. Several attempts have been done to valorize this digestate. Digestate has been considered as an interesting medium to cultivate microalgae. The nutrients available in the digestate, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, can be an interesting supplement for microalgae growth requirement. The main obstacles of using digestate as a medium to cultivate microalgae are the dark color and the high ammonium-nitrogen concentration. The focus of this review is to discuss in detail the major attempts in research to overcome inhibition and enhance microalgae cultivation in digestate. This review initially discussed the obstacles of digestate as a medium for microalgae cultivation. Different processes to overcome inhibition were discussed including dilution, supplying additional carbon source, favoring mixotrophic cultivation and pretreatment. More emphasis in this review was given to digestate pretreatment. Among the pretreatment methods, filtration, and centrifugation were of the most applied ones. These strategies were found to be effective for turbidity and chromaticity reduction. For ammonium nitrogen removal, ammonia stripping and biological pretreatment methods were found to play a vital role. Adsorption could work both ways depending on the material used. Combining different pretreatment methods as well as including selected microalgae stains were found interesting strategies to facilitate microalgae cultivation with no dilution. This study recommend that more study should investigate the optimization of microalgae cultivation in anaerobic digestate without the need for dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Al-Mallahi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W18, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kazuei Ishii
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W18, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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Kruger JS, Wiatrowski M, Davis RE, Dong T, Knoshaug EP, Nagle NJ, Laurens LML, Pienkos PT. Enabling Production of Algal Biofuels by Techno-Economic Optimization of Co-Product Suites. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.803513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent techno-economic analysis (TEA) has underscored that for algal biofuels to be cost competitive with petroleum fuels, co-products are necessary to offset the cost of fuel production. The co-product suite must scale with fuel production while also maximizing value from the non-fuel precursor components. The co-product suite also depends on algal biomass composition, which is highly dynamic and depends on environmental conditions during cultivation. Intentional shifts in composition during cultivation are often associated with reduced biomass productivity, which can increase feedstock production costs for the algae-based biorefinery. The optimal algae-based biorefinery configuration is thus a function of many factors. We have found that comprehensive TEA, which requires the construction of process models with detailed mass and energy balances, along with a complete accounting of capital and operating expenditures for a commercial-scale production facility, provides invaluable insight into the viability of a proposed biorefinery configuration. This insight is reflected in improved viability for one biorefining approach that we have developed over the last 10 years, namely, the Combined Algal Processing (CAP) approach. This approach fractionates algal biomass into carbohydrate-, lipid-, and protein-rich fractions, and tailors upgrading chemistry to the composition of each fraction. In particular, transitioning from valorization of only the lipids to a co-product suite from multiple components of high-carbohydrate algal biomass can reduce the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) from more than $8/gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) to $2.50/GGE. This paper summarizes that progress and discusses several surprising implications in this optimization approach.
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Inertial Microfluidics-Based Separation of Microalgae Using a Contraction-Expansion Array Microchannel. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12010097. [PMID: 33477950 PMCID: PMC7833403 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae separation technology is essential for both executing laboratory-based fundamental studies and ensuring the quality of the final algal products. However, the conventional microalgae separation technology of micropipetting requires highly skilled operators and several months of repeated separation to obtain a microalgal single strain. This study therefore aimed at utilizing microfluidic cell sorting technology for the simple and effective separation of microalgae. Microalgae are characterized by their various morphologies with a wide range of sizes. In this study, a contraction-expansion array microchannel, which utilizes these unique properties of microalgae, was specifically employed for the size-based separation of microalgae. At Reynolds number of 9, two model algal cells, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis), were successfully separated without showing any sign of cell damage, yielding a purity of 97.9% for C. vulgaris and 94.9% for H. pluvialis. The result supported that the inertia-based separation technology could be a powerful alternative to the labor-intensive and time-consuming conventional microalgae separation technologies.
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Anaerobic Co-Digestion Effluent as Substrate for Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus Cultivation. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestate supernatant can be used as a nutrient source for microalgae cultivation, thus integrating phytoremediation processes with high value products storage in microalgae biomass. Microalgae are able to use nitrogen and phosphorous from digestate, but high nutrient concentration can cause growth inhibition. In this study, two microalgae strains (C. vulgaris and S. obliquus) were cultivated on the anaerobic co-digestion supernatant (obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and waste activated sludge (WAS)) in a preliminary Petri plate screening at different dilutions (1:10 and 1:5) using a synthetic medium (ISO) and tap water (TW). Direct Nile red screening was applied on colonies to preliminarily identify hydrophobic compound storage and then a batch test was performed (without air insufflation). Results show that C. vulgaris was able to grow on digestate supernatant 1:5 diluted, while Nile red screening allowed the preliminary detection of hydrophobic compound storage in colonies. The analysis carried out at the end of the test on ammonia, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate showed a removal percentage of 47.5 ± 0.8%, 65.0 ± 6.0%, 95.0 ± 3.0% and 99.5 ± 0.1%, respectively.
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Duan Y, Guo X, Yang J, Zhang M, Li Y. Nutrients recycle and the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater under different sodium carbonate concentrations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191214. [PMID: 32218952 PMCID: PMC7029939 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study illustrated the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus and recycle of nutrients in wastewater combined with inorganic carbon under autotrophic conditions. Scenedesmus obliquus was cultivated under different conditions by adding sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at 15-40 mg l-1 separately in wastewater containing high nitrogen and phosphorus content. The growth characteristics of S. obliquus, pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) changes of microalgae liquid, the recycle rate of ammonia and phosphorus and lipid content were determined. The changes of pH and DIC showed that S. obliquus could use Na2CO3 to grow, with lipid contents of 18-25%. Among all Na2CO3 concentrations, 20 mg l-1 was the optimum, of which S. obliquus had the highest NH3-N recycle of 52% and P O 4 3 - P recycle of 67%. By the 14th day, its biomass production also reaches the maximum of 0.21 g l-1. However, inorganic carbon fixation rate was inversely proportional to its concentration. Moreover, the biomass was in positive correlation with the Na2CO3 concentration except 20 mg l-1, which provided a possibility that S. obliquus could be acclimatized to adjust to high concentrations of inorganic carbon to promote biomass accumulation and recycle of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Duan
- Author for correspondence: Yun Duan e-mail:
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Wang XW, Huang L, Ji PY, Chen CP, Li XS, Gao YH, Liang JR. Using a mixture of wastewater and seawater as the growth medium for wastewater treatment and lipid production by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121681. [PMID: 31247531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in nutrient removal coupled with biodiesel production using different ratios of mixed municipal wastewater (MW) and seawater (SW) as the growth medium. The results indicated that P. tricornutum exhibited high nutrient removal efficiency with the ratios of MW: SW = 1:1 and MW: SW = 2:1, e.g. 87.7-89.9% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 82.2-86.7% for total nitrogen (TN), 96.0-97.0% for total phosphorus, and 76.9-84.2% for ammonium (NH3-N). Significantly higher biomass and lipid productivity were obtained with aeration. The highest lipid productivity of P. tricornutum was 54.76 mg/L/day, which was obtained with a two-step cultivation using the ratio of MW: SW = 1:1 by diluting half of the mixture and bubbling with 5% CO2 during the second step. These results suggested that the marine diatom P. tricornutum exhibited great potential for using mixed wastewater for wastewater treatment and biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Peng-Yu Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chang-Ping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ya-Hui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jun-Rong Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Chatterjee P, Granatier M, Ramasamy P, Kokko M, Lakaniemi AM, Rintala J. Microalgae grow on source separated human urine in Nordic climate: Outdoor pilot-scale cultivation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:119-127. [PMID: 30784859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human urine contributes approximately 80% of nitrogen and 50% of phosphorous in urban wastewaters while having a volume of only 1-1.5 L/d per capita compared to 150-200 L/d per capita of wastewater generated. There is interest to study source separation of urine and search methods to recover the nutrients form the urine. In this study, the objective was to use the nutrients in source separated urine for outdoor cultivation of microalgae in Nordic climate. A freshwater green microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus was grown in different dilutions (1:20 and 1:15) of source separated human urine, in a semi-continuously operated outdoor raceway pond with a liquid volume of 2000 L, at hydraulic retention time of 15 d. The microalgae could remove 52% nitrogen and 38% phosphorus even at culture temperatures as low as 5 °C, while obtaining a biomass density of 0.34 g VSS/L. Harvested microalgal biomass could be used to produce methane with a yield of 285 L CH4/kg volatile solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chatterjee
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Marianna Granatier
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Praveen Ramasamy
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Marika Kokko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | | | - Jukka Rintala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
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Nutrient removal and microalgal biomass production from different anaerobic digestion effluents with Chlorella species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6123. [PMID: 30992470 PMCID: PMC6467878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential of microalgal cultivation as an alternative approach to the treatment of anaerobic digestion (AD) effluents was examined using two representative Chlorella species, Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Chlorella protothecoides (CP). Both species effectively removed NH4+-N from the AD effluents from four digesters treating different wastes under different operating conditions. In all experimental cultures on the AD effluents, NH4+-N (initial concentration, 40 mg/L) was completely removed within 10 days without residual NO3--N or NO2--N in batch mode. Compared to CP, CV showed greater biomass and lipid yields (advantageous for biodiesel production), regardless of the media used. Prolonged nitrogen starvation significantly increased the lipid accumulation in all cultures on the AD effluents, and the effect was more pronounced in the CV than in the CP cultures. On the other hand, compared to CV, CP showed significantly faster settling (advantageous for biomass harvesting) in all media. Our results suggest that the Chlorella cultivation on AD effluents under non-sterile, mixed-culture conditions may provide a viable way to manage and valorize the problematic effluents. Diverse bacteria derived from the AD effluents co-existed and presumably interacted with the Chlorella species in the cultures.
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11
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Bio-mining of Lanthanides from Red Mud by Green Microalgae. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071356. [PMID: 30959876 PMCID: PMC6480188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red mud is a by-product of alumina production containing lanthanides. Growth of green microalgae on red mud and the intracellular accumulation of lanthanides was tested. The best growing species was Desmodesmus quadricauda (2.71 cell number doublings/day), which accumulated lanthanides to the highest level (27.3 mg/kg/day), if compared with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Parachlorella kessleri (2.50, 2.37 cell number doublings and 24.5, 12.5 mg/kg per day, respectively). With increasing concentrations of red mud, the growth rate decreased (2.71, 2.62, 2.43 cell number doublings/day) due to increased shadowing of cells by undissolved red mud particles. The accumulated lanthanide content, however, increased in the most efficient alga Desmodesmus quadricauda within 2 days from zero in red-mud free culture to 12.4, 39.0, 54.5 mg/kg of dry mass at red mud concentrations of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1%, respectively. Red mud alleviated the metal starvation caused by cultivation in incomplete nutrient medium without added microelements. Moreover, the proportion of lanthanides in algae grown in red mud were about 250, 138, 117% higher than in culture grown in complete nutrient medium at red mud concentrations of 0.03, 0.05, 0.1%. Thus, green algae are prospective vehicles for bio-mining or bio-leaching of lanthanides from red mud.
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Luo L, Ren H, Pei X, Xie G, Xing D, Dai Y, Ren N, Liu B. Simultaneous nutrition removal and high-efficiency biomass and lipid accumulation by microalgae using anaerobic digested effluent from cattle manure combined with municipal wastewater. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:218. [PMID: 31528206 PMCID: PMC6739908 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae as a viable biodiesel feedstock show great potential to approach the challenges of energy shortage and environment pollution, but their economic feasibility was seriously hampered by high production cost. Thus, it is in urgent need to reduce the cost of cultivation and improve the biomass and lipid production of microalgae. In this work, anaerobic digestion effluent from cattle manure combined with municipal wastewater was used as a cost-effective medium for cultivating microalgae and expected to obtain high biomass. The pretreatment of anaerobic digested effluent containing dilution rate, sterilization and nutrient optimization was investigated. Then, initial pH and light intensity for algal growth, lipid production and wastewater purification were optimized in this study. RESULTS Scenedesmus sp. could grow rapidly in 10% anaerobic digestion effluent from cattle manure combined with secondary sedimentation tank effluent without sterilization. Optimum nutrient additives for higher biomass were as follows: glucose 10 g/L, NaNO3 0.3 g/L, K2HPO4·3H2O 0.01 g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.075 g/L and trace element A5 solution 1 mL/L. Biomass of 4.65 g/L and lipid productivity of 81.90 mg/L/day were achieved during 7-day cultivation accompanying over 90% of COD, NO3 --N, NH4 +-N, and 79-88% of PO4 3--P removal with optimized initial pH of 7.0 and light intensity of 5000 l×. The FAME profile in ADEC growth medium consisted in saturated (39.48%) and monounsaturated (60.52%) fatty acids with the 16- to 18-chain-length fatty acids constituting over 98% of total FAME. CONCLUSIONS This study proves the potential of anaerobic digested effluent combined with municipal wastewater for microalgae culture, and provides an effective avenue for simultaneous microalgal lipid production and treatment of two kinds of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090 China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090 China
| | - Xuanyuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090 China
| | - Guojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090 China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090 China
| | - Yingqi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090 China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090 China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090 China
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Oliveira GA, Carissimi E, Monje-Ramírez I, Velasquez-Orta SB, Rodrigues RT, Ledesma MTO. Comparison between coagulation-flocculation and ozone-flotation for Scenedesmus microalgal biomolecule recovery and nutrient removal from wastewater in a high-rate algal pond. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:334-342. [PMID: 29574313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of nutrients by Scenedesmus sp. in a high-rate algal pond, and subsequent algal separation by coagulation-flocculation or flotation with ozone to recover biomolecules, were evaluated. Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. in wastewater resulted in complete NH3-H removal, plus 93% total nitrogen and 61% orthophosphate removals. Ozone-flotation obtained better water quality results than coagulation-flocculation for most parameters (NH3-N, NTK, nitrate and nitrite) except orthophosphate. Ozone-flotation, also produced the highest recovery of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins which were 0.32 ± 0.03, 0.33 ± 0.025 and 0.58 ± 0.014 mg/mg of biomass, respectively. In contrast, there was a low lipid extraction of 0.21 mg of lipids/mg of biomass and 0.12-0.23 mg of protein/mg of biomass in the coagulation-flocculation process. In terms of biomolecule recovery and water quality, ozone showed better results than coagulation-flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislayne Alves Oliveira
- Departamento de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Centro de Tecnologias, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Elvis Carissimi
- Departamento de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Centro de Tecnologias, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Monje-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Sharon B Velasquez-Orta
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Rafael Teixeira Rodrigues
- Departamento de Engenharia de Minas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - María Teresa Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510, CDMX, Mexico.
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14
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Liu PR, Yang ZY, Hong Y, Hou YL. An in situ method for synthesis of magnetic nanomaterials and efficient harvesting for oleaginous microalgae in algal culture. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Koutra E, Economou CN, Tsafrakidou P, Kornaros M. Bio-Based Products from Microalgae Cultivated in Digestates. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:819-833. [PMID: 29605178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the increasing demand for food, energy, and valuable chemicals has necessitated research and development on renewable, novel, and sustainable sources. Microalgae represent a promising option to produce various products with environmentally friendly applications. However, several challenges must be overcome to reduce production cost. To this end, using effluents from biogas production units, called digestates, in cultivation systems can help to optimize bioprocesses, and several bioproducts including biofuels, biofertilizers, proteins and valuable chemicals can be obtained. Nevertheless, several parameters, including the productivity and quality of biomass and specific target products, downstream processes, and cost-effectiveness, must be improved. Further investigations will be necessary to take full advantage of the produced biomass and effectively upscale the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Koutra
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christina N Economou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiota Tsafrakidou
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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MAB2.0 project: Integrating algae production into wastewater treatment. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Different species of microalgae are highly efficient in removing nutrients from wastewater streams and are able to grow using flue gas as a CO2 source. These features indicate that application of microalgae has a promising outlook in wastewater treatment. However, practical aspects and process of integration of algae cultivation into an existing wastewater treatment line have not been investigated. The Climate-KIC co-funded Microalgae Biorefinery 2.0 project developed and demonstrated this integration process through a case study. The purpose of this paper is to introduce this process by phases and protocols, as well as report on the challenges and bottlenecks identified in the case study. These standardized technical protocols detailed in the paper help to assess different aspects of integration including biological aspects such as strain selection, as well as economic and environmental impacts. This process is necessary to guide wastewater treatment plants through the integration of algae cultivation, as unfavourable parameters of the different wastewater related feedstock streams need specific attention and management. In order to obtain compelling designs, more emphasis needs to be put on the engineering aspects of integration. Well-designed integration can lead to operational cost saving and proper feedstock treatment enabling algae growth.
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Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Dianshan Lake, China: The External Loading and Self-Purification Capability. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim GY, Yun YM, Shin HS, Han JI. Cultivation of four microalgae species in the effluent of anaerobic digester for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:738-742. [PMID: 27887778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated if an effluent from anaerobic digestion (AD) system can be used as a nutrients source for the microalgae cultivation, and in so doing, if the effluent can be properly treated. Nitrogen and phosphorus in the AD effluent well supported microalgal growth, and their removal efficiency reached >97.9% and 99.2%, respectively. Among four different algal species tested, Micractinium inermum particularly stood out, showing the highest biomass and FAME productivity: 0.16gL-1d-1 with 3.23gL-1 of dry cell weight, and 0.04gL-1d-1 with 27.54% (w/w) of FAME contents, respectively. As the concentrations of the nutrients decreased over time, the FAME contents were increased and its quality as well, satisfying several biodiesel quality standards. This study supports that the AD effluent can indeed serve as a cheap and nutrient-rich medium for microalgae cultivation, and equally importantly, microalgae can be a workable treatment option for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Yeong Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Myeong Yun
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Hang-Sik Shin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Newby DT, Mathews TJ, Pate RC, Huesemann MH, Lane TW, Wahlen BD, Mandal S, Engler RK, Feris KP, Shurin JB. Assessing the potential of polyculture to accelerate algal biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhu L, Yan C, Li Z. Microalgal cultivation with biogas slurry for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:629-636. [PMID: 27599623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal growth requires a substantial amount of chemical fertilizers. An alternative to the utilization of fertilizer is to apply biogas slurry produced through anaerobic digestion to cultivate microalgae for the production of biofuels. Plenty of studies have suggested that anaerobic digestate containing high nutrient contents is a potentially feasible nutrient source to culture microalgae. However, current literature indicates a lack of review available regarding microalgal cultivation with biogas slurry for the production of biofuels. To help fill this gap, this review highlights the integration of digestate nutrient management with microalgal production. It first unveils the current status of microalgal production, providing basic background to the topic. Subsequently, microalgal cultivation technologies using biogas slurry are discussed in detail. A scale-up scheme for simultaneous biogas upgrade and digestate application through microalgal cultivation is then proposed. Afterwards, several uncertainties that might affect this practice are explored. Finally, concluding remarks are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Zhu
- Faculty of Technology, and Vaasa Energy Institute, University of Vaasa, FI-65101 Vaasa, Finland; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, and Faculty of Resources and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaohua Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, and Faculty of Resources and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Wang L, Liu J, Zhao Q, Wei W, Sun Y. Comparative study of wastewater treatment and nutrient recycle via activated sludge, microalgae and combination systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:1-5. [PMID: 26995615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Algal-bacterial synergistic cultivation could be an optional wastewater treatment technology in temperate areas. In this study, a locally screened vigorous Chlorella strain was characterized and then it was used in a comparative study of wastewater treatment and nutrient recycle assessment via activated sludge (AS), microalgae and their combination systems. Chlorella sp. cultured with AS in light showed the best performance, in which case the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TP were 87.3%, 99.2% and 83.9%, respectively, within a short period of 1day. Algal-bacterial combination in light had the best settleability. Chlorella sp. contained biomass, could be processed to feed, fertilizer or fuel due to the improved quality (higher C/H/N) compared with sludge. PCR-DGGE analysis shows that two types of rhizobacteria, namely, Pseudomonas putida and Flavobacterium hauense were enriched in sludge when cultured with algae in light, serving as the basics for artificial consortium construction for improved wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Quanyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Mandotra SK, Kumar P, Suseela MR, Nayaka S, Ramteke PW. Evaluation of fatty acid profile and biodiesel properties of microalga Scenedesmus abundans under the influence of phosphorus, pH and light intensities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 201:222-9. [PMID: 26675046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study dealt with biomass, lipid concentration, fatty acid profile and biodiesel properties of microalga Scenedesmus abundans under different phosphate concentrations, pH and light intensities, one at a time. Among different phosphate concentrations, higher biomass (770.10±11.0mg/L) and lipid concentration (176.87±4.6mg/L) were at the concentration of 60mg/L. Light intensity at 6000lux yielded higher biomass and lipid concentration of 742.0±9.7 and 243.15±9.1mg/L, respectively. The biomass (769.0±12.3mg/L) and lipid (179.47±5.5mg/L) concentration were highest at pH 8 and pH 6, respectively. All the culture treatments showed marked effect on the fatty acid profile and biodiesel properties of the extracted oil. FAME derived biodiesel properties were compared with European biodiesel standards (EN 14214), Indian biodiesel standards (IS 15607) and American biodiesel standards (ASTM D 6751-08) to assess the suitability of algal oil as biodiesel feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mandotra
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211 007, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India
| | - M R Suseela
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India.
| | - S Nayaka
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India
| | - P W Ramteke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211 007, India
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