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Kavitha S, Gondi R, Kannah RY, Kumar G, Rajesh Banu J. A review on current advances in the energy and cost effective pretreatments of algal biomass: Enhancement in liquefaction and biofuel recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128383. [PMID: 36427767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main downside of utilizing algal biomass for biofuel production is the rigid cell wall which confines the availability of soluble organics to hydrolytic microbes during biofuel conversion. This constraint reduces the biofuel production efficiency of algal biomass. On the other hand, presenting various pretreatment methods before biofuel production affords cell wall disintegration and enhancement in biofuel generation. The potential of pretreatment methods chiefly relies on the extent of biomass liquefaction, energy, and cost demand. In this review, different pretreatments employed to disintegrate algal biomass were conferred in depth with detailed information on their efficiency in enhancing liquefaction and biofuel yield for pilot-scale implementation. Based on this review, it has been concluded that combinative and phase-separated pretreatments provide virtual input in enhancing the biofuel generation based on liquefaction potential, energy, and cost. Future studies should focus on decrement in cost and energy requirement of pretreatment in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rashmi Gondi
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu - 610005, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, PO Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu - 610005, India.
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Farghali M, Mohamed IMA, Osman AI, Rooney DW. Seaweed for climate mitigation, wastewater treatment, bioenergy, bioplastic, biochar, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023; 21:97-152. [PMID: 36245550 PMCID: PMC9547092 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The development and recycling of biomass production can partly solve issues of energy, climate change, population growth, food and feed shortages, and environmental pollution. For instance, the use of seaweeds as feedstocks can reduce our reliance on fossil fuel resources, ensure the synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly products and biofuels, and develop sustainable biorefinery processes. Nonetheless, seaweeds use in several biorefineries is still in the infancy stage compared to terrestrial plants-based lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, here we review seaweed biorefineries with focus on seaweed production, economical benefits, and seaweed use as feedstock for anaerobic digestion, biochar, bioplastics, crop health, food, livestock feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Globally, seaweeds could sequester between 61 and 268 megatonnes of carbon per year, with an average of 173 megatonnes. Nearly 90% of carbon is sequestered by exporting biomass to deep water, while the remaining 10% is buried in coastal sediments. 500 gigatonnes of seaweeds could replace nearly 40% of the current soy protein production. Seaweeds contain valuable bioactive molecules that could be applied as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants, and in other cosmetics and skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farghali
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
| | - Israa M. A. Mohamed
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
- Graduate School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan
| | - Ahmed I. Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Keir Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG UK
| | - David W. Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Keir Building, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG UK
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Banu J R, Varjani S, P S, Tyagi VK, Gunasekaran M. Breakthrough in hydrolysis of waste biomass by physico-chemical pretreatment processes for efficient anaerobic digestion. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133617. [PMID: 35041820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most comprehended process to stabilise the waste biomass efficiently and to obtain bioenergy. The AD starts with the hydrolysis process, where the major liability is the action of inhibitors during the hydrolysis process. The biomass pretreatment preceding anaerobic digestion is obligatory to improve feedstock biodegradability for enhanced biogas generation. It can be prevailed by the application of various pretreatment processes. This review explains the major inhibiting compounds and their formation during hydrolysis that affect the efficiency of anaerobic digestion and the benefits of the physico-chemical pretreatment (PCP) method for enhancing hydrolysis in the digestion of waste biomass. The synergistic effect of PCP on macromolecular release, liquefaction and biodegradability were presented. The feasibility of the pretreatment process was evaluated in terms of energy and cost assessment for pilot scale implementation. The outcome of this review reveals that the physico-chemical process is one of the best pretreatment methods to enhance anaerobic digestion by optimising various parameters and increasing the solubilization by about 90%. The thermochemical pretreatment at lower temperature (<100) increases the net energy yield. The solubilization of waste biomass in terms of macromolecular release and liquefaction cannot describe the pretreatment potential. The effectiveness of pretreatment was evaluated by the substrate pre-treatment followed by anaerobic digestibility of pretreated substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, 610005, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - Sivashanmugam P
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Environmental BioTechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627007, India.
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Banu JR, Kavitha S, Kannah RY, Usman TMM, Kumar G. Application of chemo thermal coupled sonic homogenization of marine macroalgal biomass for energy efficient volatile fatty acid recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122951. [PMID: 32058908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to employ energy efficient chemo thermal coupled sonic homogenization (CTSH) to obtain VFA from marine macroalgal hydrolysate, (Ulva fasciata). At first, chemo thermal homogenization (CTH) was applied on macroalgal biomass by adjusting the temperature, pH and treatment time from 60 to 90 ℃, 4-7 and 0-60 min, respectively. A higher organic matter solubilisation of 11.81% was obtained at an optimum pH of 6 at a temperature of 80 ℃ with 40 min of homogenization time. The results of CTSH implied that a higher organic matter solubilization of 26.4% was achieved by combined CTSH (sonic power & treatment time - 140 W & 14 min treatment time). CTSH considerably doubles the liquefaction in comparison with CTH. Based on OMS grouping, achieving 25% was sufficient for VFA production (2172.09 mg/L) and considered as economically feasible with net cost of 97.17 USD/ton of macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, CUTN Bridge, Neelakudy, Tamil Nadu 610005, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, India
| | - T M Mohamed Usman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Islam MK, Wang H, Rehman S, Dong C, Hsu HY, Lin CSK, Leu SY. Sustainability metrics of pretreatment processes in a waste derived lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122558. [PMID: 31862395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive utilization of fossil fuels has resulted in serious concerns about climate change. Integrating biorefinery technology to convert waste-derived-lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and biopolymers has become an emerging topic toward our sustainable future. Pretreatment to fractionate the building block chemicals from the biomass is a crucial unit operation to ease the downstream processes in biorefinery. However, application of solvents and chemicals in the process can create many operational and environmental challenges in sensitive areas like highly populated cities. To shed light on how to determine a green biorefinery, this study presents the sustainability metrics of various pretreatment techniques and their operational risks during urbanization. The proposed green indexes include fractionation outputs, chemical recyclability, operational profile, and safety factors. In line with the design principles of lignin valorization, the issue of urban biomass and water-and-energy nexus are addressed to support future development and application of urban biorefinery for municipal waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khairul Islam
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengyu Dong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang H, Wang L, Dai Z, Zhang R, Chen C, Liu G. Effect of organic loading, feed-to-inoculum ratio, and pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of tobacco stalks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122474. [PMID: 31865253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work firstly investigated the suitable organic loading (OL) and feed to inoculum (F/I) ratio of three kinds of tobacco stalks (TS116, TS99, and TS85) during anaerobic digestion (AD) via response surface methodology (RSM). The highest experimental methane yield (EMY) of 148.1 mL/g VS was achieved from TS116 at OL of 20.2 g VS/L and F/I ratio of 1.1. To further increase EMY, various pretreatments including alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP), NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, HCl, and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) were implemented on TS116. Results showed that AHP was most effective, and the maximal EMY of 350.7 mL/g VS and biodegradability (Bd) of 81.4% were obtained from 7% AHP pretreated TS116, which increased by 105.6% than untreated. XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses evidenced that the structure of AHP pretreated TS116 was strongly disrupted. This study lays the foundation for applying this waste into AD in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ligong Wang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhuangqiang Dai
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Chang Chen
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Calicioglu O, Richard TL, Brennan RA. Anaerobic bioprocessing of wastewater-derived duckweed: Maximizing product yields in a biorefinery value cascade. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121716. [PMID: 31323721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study integrated the sugar and carboxylate platforms to enhance duckweed processing in biorefineries. Two or three bioprocesses (ethanol fermentation, acidogenic digestion, and methanogenic digestion) were sequentially integrated to maximize the carbon-to-carbon conversion of wastewater-derived duckweed into bioproducts, through a series of laboratory-scale experiments. Reactors were fed either raw (dried), liquid-hot-water-pretreated, or enzymatically-saccharified duckweed. Subsequently, the target bioproduct was separated from the reactor liquor and the residues further processed. The total bioproduct carbon yield of 0.69 ± 0.07 g per gram of duckweed-C was obtained by sequential acidogenic and methanogenic digestion. Three sequential bioprocesses revealed nearly as high yields (0.66 ± 0.08 g of bioproduct-C per duckweed-C), but caused more gaseous carbon (dioxide) loss. For this three-stage value cascade, yields of each process in conventional units were: 0.186 ± 0.001 g ethanol/g duckweed; 611 ± 64 mg volatile fatty acids as acetic acid/g VS; and 434 ± 0.2 ml methane/g VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgul Calicioglu
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 212 Sackett Building, University Park 16802, USA.
| | - Tom L Richard
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 132 Land and Water Research Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rachel A Brennan
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 212 Sackett Building, University Park 16802, USA
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Calicioglu O, Shreve MJ, Richard TL, Brennan RA. Effect of pH and temperature on microbial community structure and carboxylic acid yield during the acidogenic digestion of duckweed. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:275. [PMID: 30337954 PMCID: PMC6174553 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duckweeds (Lemnaceae) are efficient aquatic plants for wastewater treatment due to their high nutrient-uptake capabilities and resilience to severe environmental conditions. Combined with their rapid growth rates, high starch, and low lignin contents, duckweeds have also gained popularity as a biofuel feedstock for thermochemical conversion and alcohol fermentation. However, studies on the acidogenic anaerobic digestion of duckweed into carboxylic acids, another group of chemicals which are precursors of higher-value chemicals and biofuels, are lacking. In this study, a series of laboratory batch experiments were performed to determine the favorable operating conditions (i.e., temperature and pH) to maximize carboxylic acid production from wastewater-derived duckweed during acidogenic digestion. Batch reactors with 25 g/l solid loading were operated anaerobically for 21 days under mesophilic (35 °C) or thermophilic (55 °C) conditions at an acidic (5.3) or basic (9.2) pH. At the conclusion of the experiment, the dominant microbial communities under various operating conditions were assessed using high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS The highest duckweed-carboxylic acid conversion of 388 ± 28 mg acetic acid equivalent per gram volatile solids was observed under mesophilic and basic conditions, with an average production rate of 0.59 g/l/day. This result is comparable to those reported for acidogenic digestion of other organics such as food waste. The superior performance observed under these conditions was attributed to both chemical treatment and microbial bioconversion. Hydrogen recovery was only observed under acidic thermophilic conditions, as 23.5 ± 0.5 ml/g of duckweed volatile solids added. More than temperature, pH controlled the overall structure of the microbial communities. For instance, differentially abundant enrichments of Veillonellaceae acidaminococcus were observed in acidic samples, whereas enrichments of Clostridiaceae alkaliphilus were found in the basic samples. Acidic mesophilic conditions were found to enrich acetoclastic methanogenic populations over processing times longer than 10 days. CONCLUSIONS Operating conditions have a significant effect on the yield and composition of the end products resulting from acidogenic digestion of duckweed. Wastewater-derived duckweed is a technically feasible alternative feedstock for the production of advanced biofuel precursors; however, techno-economic analysis is needed to determine integrated full-scale system feasibility and economic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgul Calicioglu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, 16802 USA
| | - Michael J. Shreve
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, 16802 USA
| | - Tom L. Richard
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 132 Land and Water Research Building, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Rachel A. Brennan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, 16802 USA
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Calicioglu O, Brennan RA. Sequential ethanol fermentation and anaerobic digestion increases bioenergy yields from duckweed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:344-348. [PMID: 29605287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential for improving bioenergy yields from duckweed, a fast-growing, simple, floating aquatic plant, was evaluated by subjecting the dried biomass directly to anaerobic digestion, or sequentially to ethanol fermentation and then anaerobic digestion, after evaporating ethanol from the fermentation broth. Bioethanol yields of 0.41 ± 0.03 g/g and 0.50 ± 0.01 g/g (glucose) were achieved for duckweed harvested from the Penn State Living-Filter (Lemna obscura) and Eco-Machine™ (Lemna minor/japonica and Wolffia columbiana), respectively. The highest biomethane yield, 390 ± 0.1 ml CH4/g volatile solids added, was achieved in a reactor containing fermented duckweed from the Living-Filter at a substrate-to-inoculum (S/I) ratio (i.e., duckweed to microorganism ratio) of 1.0. This value was 51.2% higher than the biomethane yield of a replicate reactor with raw (non-fermented) duckweed. The combined bioethanol-biomethane process yielded 70.4% more bioenergy from duckweed, than if anaerobic digestion had been run alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Calicioglu
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - R A Brennan
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
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10
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Effect of Mild-Temperature Thermo-Alkaline Pretreatment on the Solubilization and Anaerobic Digestion of Spent Coffee Grounds. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mild-temperature thermo-alkaline pretreatment of spent coffee grounds (SCG) was studied to improve its solubilization and methanation. The simultaneous effects of NaOH concentration (0–0.2 M) and temperature (60–90 °C) were investigated. Significant solubilization of SCG was achieved by the pretreatment, particularly under high-NaOH-concentration and high-temperature conditions. However, adding NaOH above a certain concentration adversely affected the methane production. Therefore, the degree of solubilization (SD) correlated poorly with methane yield (Ym). Response surface models of SD and Ym were successfully generated. The maximum response of SD (36.4%) was obtained at 0.18 M NaOH and 90.0 °C, while that of Ym (263.31 mL CH4/g COD added) was obtained at 0.13 M NaOH and 70.5 °C. Hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum species were the dominant methanogens in all the SCG digestion tests. It is likely that NaOH concentration had a more significant influence on the development of microbial community structure, particularly of methanogens than temperature.
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11
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Tamilarasan K, Kavitha S, Rajesh Banu J, Arulazhagan P, Yeom IT. Energy-efficient methane production from macroalgal biomass through chemo disperser liquefaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:156-163. [PMID: 28064132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an effort has been made to reduce the energy cost of liquefaction by coupling a mechanical disperser with a chemical (sodium tripolyphosphate). In terms of the cost and specific energy demand of liquefaction, the algal biomass disintegrated at 12,000rpm for 30min, and an STPP dosage of about 0.04g/gCOD was chosen as an optimal parameter. Chemo disperser liquefaction (CDL) was found to be energetically and economically sustainable in terms of liquefaction, methane production, and net profit (15%, 0.14gCOD/gCOD, and 4 USD/Ton of algal biomass) and preferable to disperser liquefaction (DL) (10%, 0.11 gCOD/gCOD, and -475 USD/Ton of algal biomass).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tamilarasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - P Arulazhagan
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Graduate School of Water Resource, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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12
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Jung H, Kim J, Lee C. Continuous anaerobic co-digestion of Ulva biomass and cheese whey at varying substrate mixing ratios: Different responses in two reactors with different operating regimes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:366-374. [PMID: 27660988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of co-digestion of Ulva with whey was investigated at varying substrate mixing ratios in two continuous reactors run with increasing and decreasing proportions of Ulva, respectively. Co-digestion with whey proved beneficial to the biomethanation of Ulva, with the methane yield being greater by up to 1.6-fold in co-digestion phases than in the Ulva mono-digestion phases. The experimental reactors responded differently, in terms of process performance and community structure, to the changes in the substrate mixing ratio. This can be attributed to the different operating regimes between two reactors, which may have caused the microbial communities to develop in different ways to acclimate. Methanosaeta-related populations were the predominant methanogens responsible for the production of methane regardless of different substrate mixing ratios in both reactors. Considering the methane recovery and the Ulva treatment capacity, the optimal fraction of Ulva in the substrate mixture is suggested to be 50-75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Jung
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaai Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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A Review on the Valorization of Macroalgal Wastes for Biomethane Production. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14060120. [PMID: 27338422 PMCID: PMC4926079 DOI: 10.3390/md14060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of terrestrial crops for biofuel production and the associated environmental, social and ethical issues have led to a search for alternative biomass materials. Terrestrial crops offer excellent biogas recovery, but compete directly with food production, requiring farmland, fresh water and fertilizers. Using marine macroalgae for the production of biogas circumvents these problems. Their potential lies in their chemical composition, their global abundance and knowledge of their growth requirements and occurrence patterns. Such a biomass industry should focus on the use of residual and waste biomass to avoid competition with the biomass requirements of the seaweed food industry, which has occurred in the case of terrestrial biomass. Overabundant seaweeds represent unutilized biomass in shallow water, beach and coastal areas. These eutrophication processes damage marine ecosystems and impair local tourism; this biomass could serve as biogas feedstock material. Residues from biomass processing in the seaweed industry are also of interest. This is a rapidly growing industry with algae now used in the comestible, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. The simultaneous production of combustible biomethane and disposal of undesirable biomass in a synergistic waste management system is a concept with environmental and resource-conserving advantages.
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Jiang R, Linzon Y, Vitkin E, Yakhini Z, Chudnovsky A, Golberg A. Thermochemical hydrolysis of macroalgae Ulva for biorefinery: Taguchi robust design method. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27761. [PMID: 27291594 PMCID: PMC4904202 DOI: 10.1038/srep27761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of all process parameters on the efficiency of biomass hydrolysis and on the final yield of products is critical to biorefinery design. Using Taguchi orthogonal arrays experimental design and Partial Least Square Regression, we investigated the impact of change and the comparative significance of thermochemical process temperature, treatment time, %Acid and %Solid load on carbohydrates release from green macroalgae from Ulva genus, a promising biorefinery feedstock. The average density of hydrolysate was determined using a new microelectromechanical optical resonator mass sensor. In addition, using Flux Balance Analysis techniques, we compared the potential fermentation yields of these hydrolysate products using metabolic models of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RN1016 with xylose isomerase and Clostridium acetobutylicum. We found that %Acid plays the most significant role and treatment time the least significant role in affecting the monosaccharaides released from Ulva biomass. We also found that within the tested range of parameters, hydrolysis with 121 °C, 30 min 2% Acid, 15% Solids could lead to the highest yields of conversion: 54.134–57.500 gr ethanol kg−1Ulva dry weight by S. cerevisiae RN1016 with xylose isomerase. Our results support optimized marine algae utilization process design and will enable smart energy harvesting by thermochemical hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- The Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Linzon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edward Vitkin
- Department of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zohar Yakhini
- Department of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Chudnovsky
- Department of Geography and Human Environment, Enviro-Digital Lab, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Alexander Golberg
- The Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kim H, Kim J, Shin SG, Hwang S, Lee C. Continuous fermentation of food waste leachate for the production of volatile fatty acids and potential as a denitrification carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:440-445. [PMID: 26922002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the simultaneous effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH on the continuous production of VFAs from food waste leachate using response surface analysis. The response surface approximations (R(2)=0.895, p<0.05) revealed that pH has a dominant effect on the specific VFA production (PTVFA) within the explored space (1-4-day HRT, pH 4.5-6.5). The estimated maximum PTVFA was 0.26g total VFAs/g CODf at 2.14-day HRT and pH 6.44, and the approximation was experimentally validated by running triplicate reactors under the estimated optimum conditions. The mixture of the filtrates recovered from these reactors was tested as a denitrification carbon source and demonstrated superior performance in terms of reaction rate and lag length relative to other chemicals, including acetate and methanol. The overall results provide helpful information for better design and control of continuous fermentation for producing waste-derived VFAs, an alternative carbon source for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakchan Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaai Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hwang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Improve the Anaerobic Biodegradability by Copretreatment of Thermal Alkali and Steam Explosion of Lignocellulosic Waste. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2786598. [PMID: 27200370 PMCID: PMC4855000 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2786598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective alteration of the recalcitrance properties like crystallization of cellulose, lignin shield, and interlinking of lignocellulosic biomass is an ideal way to utilize the full-scale potential for biofuel production. This study exhibited three different pretreatment effects to enhance the digestibility of corn stover (CS) for methane production. In this context, steam explosion (SE) and thermal potassium hydroxide (KOH-60°C) treated CS produced the maximal methane yield of 217.5 and 243.1 mL/gvs, which were 40.0% and 56.4% more than untreated CS (155.4 mL/gvs), respectively. Copretreatment of thermal potassium hydroxide and steam explosion (CPTPS) treated CS was highly significant among all treatments and improved 88.46% (292.9 mL/gvs) methane yield compared with untreated CS. Besides, CPTPS also achieved the highest biodegradability up to 68.90%. Three kinetic models very well simulated dynamics of methane production yield. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses declared the most effective changes in physicochemical properties after CPTPS pretreatment. Thus, CPTPS might be a promising approach to deconstructing the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic structure to improve the biodegradability for AD.
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