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Ardo FM, Khoo KS, Ahmad Sobri MZ, Suparmaniam U, Ethiraj B, Anwar AF, Lam SM, Sin JC, Shahid MK, Ansar S, Ramli A, Lim JW. Modelling photoperiod in enhancing hydrogen production from Chlorella vulgaris sp. while bioremediating ammonium and organic pollutants in municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123648. [PMID: 38408504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater is ubiquitously laden with myriad pollutants discharged primarily from a combination of domestic and industrial activities. These heterogeneous pollutants are threating the natural environments when the traditional activated sludge system fails sporadically to reduce the pollutants' toxicities. Besides, the activated sludge system is very energy intensive, bringing conundrums for decarbonization. This research endeavoured to employ Chlorella vulgaris sp. In converting pollutants from municipal wastewater into hydrogen via alternate light and dark fermentative process. The microalgae in attached form onto 1 cm3 of polyurethane foam cubes were adopted in optimizing light intensity and photoperiod during the light exposure duration. The highest hydrogen production was recorded at 52 mL amidst the synergistic light intensity and photoperiod of 200 μmolm-2s-1 and 12:12 h (light:dark h), respectively. At this lighting condition, the removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen were both achieved at about 80%. The sustainability of microalgal fermentative performances was verified in recyclability study using similar immobilization support material. There were negligible diminishments of hydrogen production as well as both COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removals after five cycles, heralding inconsequential microalgal cells' washout from the polyurethane support when replacing the municipal wastewater medium at each cycle. The collected dataset was finally modelled into enhanced Monod equation aided by Python software tool of machine learning. The derived model was capable to predict the performances of microalgae to execute the fermentative process in producing hydrogen while subsisting municipal wastewater at arbitrary photoperiod. The enhanced model had a best fitting of R2 of 0.9857 as validated using an independent dataset. Concisely, the outcomes had contributed towards the advancement of municipal wastewater treatment via microalgal fermentative process in producing green hydrogen as a clean energy source to decarbonize the wastewater treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Musa Ardo
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mohamad Zulfadhli Ahmad Sobri
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Uganeeswary Suparmaniam
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Aliya Fathima Anwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sze Mun Lam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jin Chung Sin
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Shahid
- Research Institute of Environment & Biosystem, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anita Ramli
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Dai C, Wang F. Potential applications of microalgae-bacteria consortia in wastewater treatment and biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130019. [PMID: 38000638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of microalgae-bacteria consortia (MBC) for wastewater treatment has garnered attention as their interactions impart greater environmental adaptability and stability compared with that obtained by only microalgae or bacteria use, thereby improving the efficiency of pollutant removal and bio-product productivity. Additionally, the value-added bio-products produced via biorefineries can improve economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability. Therefore, this review focuses on the interaction between microalgae and bacteria that leads to nutrient exchange, gene transfer and signal transduction to comprehensively understand the interaction mechanisms underlying their strong adaptability. In addition, it includes recent research in which MBC has been efficiently used to treat various wastewater. Moreover, the review summarizes the use of MBC-produced biomass in a biorefining context to produce biofuel, biomaterial, high-value bio-products and bio-fertilizer. Overall, more effort is needed to identify the symbiotic mechanism in MBC to provide a foundation for circular bio-economy and environmentally friendly development programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Dai
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Jiao H, Tsigkou K, Elsamahy T, Pispas K, Sun J, Manthos G, Schagerl M, Sventzouri E, Al-Tohamy R, Kornaros M, Ali SS. Recent advances in sustainable hydrogen production from microalgae: Mechanisms, challenges, and future perspectives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115908. [PMID: 38171102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel reserves has resulted from their application in the industrial and energy sectors. As a result, substantial efforts have been dedicated to fostering the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources via technological advancements in industrial processes. Microalgae can be used to produce biofuels such as biodiesel, hydrogen, and bioethanol. Microalgae are particularly suitable for hydrogen production due to their rapid growth rate, ability to thrive in diverse habitats, ability to resolve conflicts between fuel and food production, and capacity to capture and utilize atmospheric carbon dioxide. Therefore, microalgae-based biohydrogen production has attracted significant attention as a clean and sustainable fuel to achieve carbon neutrality and sustainability in nature. To this end, the review paper emphasizes recent information related to microalgae-based biohydrogen production, mechanisms of sustainable hydrogen production, factors affecting biohydrogen production by microalgae, bioreactor design and hydrogen production, advanced strategies to improve efficiency of biohydrogen production by microalgae, along with bottlenecks and perspectives to overcome the challenges. This review aims to collate advances and new knowledge emerged in recent years for microalgae-based biohydrogen production and promote the adoption of biohydrogen as an alternative to conventional hydrocarbon biofuels, thereby expediting the carbon neutrality target that is most advantageous to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Konstantina Tsigkou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Tamer Elsamahy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Konstantinos Pispas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Georgios Manthos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Michael Schagerl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna A-1030, Austria.
| | - Eirini Sventzouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Rania Al-Tohamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
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Halder N, Goyal D, Aneja RK. Bioprospecting Microalgae from Sewage Water: Assessment of Biochemicals for Biomass Utilization. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00969-8. [PMID: 38010551 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal species from sewage treatment plant were identified by 18S rRNA sequencing and were explored for total lipids, carbohydrate, and protein contents, to serve as a potential candidate for biorefinery. Seven unicellular microalgae were identified as Chlorella sorokiniana, Dictyosphaerium sp., Graesiella emersonii belonging to Chlorellaceae and Scenedesmus sp., Desmodesmus sp., Tetranephris brasiliensis, and Coelastrella sp. belonging to Scenedesmaceae family. Biochemical assessment of all isolates revealed total lipid content from 17.49 ± 1.41 to 47.35 ± 0.61% w/w, total carbohydrate content from 12.82 ± 0.19 to 64.29 ± 0.63% w/w, and total protein content from 8.55 ± 0.19 to 16.65 ± 0.20% w/w. FAME analysis of extracted lipid was found to be rich in Hexadecane (C16:0), Tetradecane (C17:0), Octadecane (C18:0), Eicosane (C20:0), Tetracosane (C24:0), Pentacosane (C25:0) fatty acids, the presence of which makes excellent candidate for biodiesel. Being rich in lipid, microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, Coelastrella sp., and Scenedesmus sp. have high potential for biofuels. Due to the presence of high protein content, Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sorokiniana can serve as food or feed supplement, whereas the high carbohydrate content of Dictyosphaerium sp., Coelastrella sp., and Scenedesmus sp. makes them an ideal candidate for fermentative production of alcohol and organic acids. Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp., being dominant microalgae across all seasons, demonstrate remarkable resilience for their cultivation in sewage water and utilization of biomass in biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Halder
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Dinesh Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
| | - Rajiv Kumar Aneja
- Abca BioSolutions Pvt. Ltd., 136 Market Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 3N2, Canada
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Hasnain M, Zainab R, Ali F, Abideen Z, Yong JWH, El-Keblawy A, Hashmi S, Radicetti E. Utilization of microalgal-bacterial energy nexus improves CO 2 sequestration and remediation of wastewater pollutants for beneficial environmental services. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115646. [PMID: 37939556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and coal are primary contributors of greenhouse gases leading to global climate change and warming. The toxicity of heavy metals and metalloids in the environment threatens ecological functionality, diversity and global human life. The ability of microalgae to thrive in harsh environments such as industrial wastewater, polluted lakes, and contaminated seawaters presents new, environmentally friendly, and less expensive CO2 remediation solutions. Numerous microalgal species grown in wastewater for industrial purposes may absorb and convert nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter into proteins, oil, and carbohydrates. In any multi-faceted micro-ecological system, the role of bacteria and their interactions with microalgae can be harnessed appropriately to enhance microalgae performance in either wastewater treatment or algal production systems. This algal-bacterial energy nexus review focuses on examining the processes used in the capture, storage, and biological fixation of CO2 by various microalgal species, as well as the optimized production of microalgae in open and closed cultivation systems. Microalgal production depends on different biotic and abiotic variables to ultimately deliver a high yield of microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hasnain
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faraz Ali
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Department of Applied Biology, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 2727, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, 23456, Sweden.
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 2727, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Saud Hashmi
- Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Emanuele Radicetti
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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6
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Kozyatnyk I, Benavente V, Weidemann E, Gentili FG, Jansson S. Influence of hydrothermal carbonization conditions on the porosity, functionality, and sorption properties of microalgae hydrochars. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8562. [PMID: 37236976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Green microalgae is a possible feedstock for the production of biofuels, chemicals, food/feed, and medical products. Large-scale microalgae production requires large quantities of water and nutrients, directing the attention to wastewater as a cultivation medium. Wastewater-cultivated microalgae could via wet thermochemical conversion be valorised into products for e.g., water treatment. In this study, hydrothermal carbonization was used to process microalgae polycultures grown in municipal wastewater. The objective was to perform a systematic examination of how carbonization temperature, residence time, and initial pH affected solid yield, composition, and properties. Carbonization temperature, time and initial pH all had statistically significant effects on hydrochar properties, with temperature having the most pronounced effect; the surface area increased from 8.5 to 43.6 m2 g-1 as temperature was increased from 180 to 260 °C. However, hydrochars produced at low temperature and initially neutral pH generally had the highest capacity for methylene blue adsorption. DRIFTS analysis of the hydrochar revealed that the pH conditions changed the functional group composition, implying that adsorption was electrostatic interactions driven. This study concludes that un-activated hydrochars from wastewater grown microalgae produced at relatively low hydrothermal carbonization temperatures adsorb methylene blue, despite having low surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kozyatnyk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Weidemann
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Francesco G Gentili
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Jansson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Bhandari M, Kumar P, Bhatt P, Simsek H, Kumar R, Chaudhary A, Malik A, Prajapati SK. An integration of algae-mediated wastewater treatment and resource recovery through anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118159. [PMID: 37207460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is one of the major emerging challenges in aquatic environment. Industrial facilities, including food, textile, leather, and paper, generate a significant amount of wastewater during their manufacturing process. Discharge of nutrient-rich industrial effluent into aquatic systems causes eutrophication, eventually disturbs the aquatic system. On the other hand, algae provide a sustainable approach to treat wastewater, while the resultant biomass may be used to produce biofuel and other valuable products such as biofertilizers. This review aims to provide new insight into the application of algal bloom biomass for biogas and biofertilizer production. The literature review suggests that algae can treat all types of wastewater (high strength, low strength, and industrial). However, algal growth and remediation potential mainly depend on growth media composition and operation conditions such as light intensity, wavelength, light/dark cycle, temperature, pH, and mixing. Further, the open pond raceways are cost-effective compared to closed photobioreactors, thus commercially applied for biomass generation. Additionally, converting wastewater-grown algal biomass into methane-rich biogas through anaerobic digestion seems appealing. Environmental factors such as substrate, inoculum-to-substrate ratio, pH, temperature, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, and carbon/nitrogen ratio significantly impact the anaerobic digestion process and biogas production. Overall, further pilot-scale studies are required to warrant the real-world applicability of the closed-loop phycoremediation coupled biofuel production technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Bhandari
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab (EBRL), Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pushpendar Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Lab (AML), Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Department of Physics, Janta Vedic Mahavidyalaya, Baraut (Baghpat), UP, 250611, India
| | - Aman Chaudhary
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab (EBRL), Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Lab (AML), Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab (EBRL), Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Xu K, Zou W, Peng B, Guo C, Zou X. Lipid Droplets from Plants and Microalgae: Characteristics, Extractions, and Applications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040594. [PMID: 37106794 PMCID: PMC10135979 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant and algal LDs are gaining popularity as a promising non-chemical technology for the production of lipids and oils. In general, these organelles are composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and various surface-associated proteins. Many studies have shown that LDs are involved in numerous biological processes such as lipid trafficking and signaling, membrane remodeling, and intercellular organelle communications. To fully exploit the potential of LDs for scientific research and commercial applications, it is important to develop suitable extraction processes that preserve their properties and functions. However, research on LD extraction strategies is limited. This review first describes recent progress in understanding the characteristics of LDs, and then systematically introduces LD extraction strategies. Finally, the potential functions and applications of LDs in various fields are discussed. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the properties and functions of LDs, as well as potential approaches for their extraction and utilization. It is hoped that these findings will inspire further research and innovation in the field of LD-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Xu
- Institute of Systems Security and Control, College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710074, China
| | - Wen Zou
- State Owned SIDA Machinery Manufacturing, Xianyang 712201, China
| | - Biao Peng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710074, China
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaotong Zou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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Hejna M, Kapuścińska D, Aksmann A. Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review on Eco-Toxicology and the Remediation Potential of Algae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137717. [PMID: 35805373 PMCID: PMC9266021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the aquatic environment has become a worldwide problem. The widespread use of pesticides, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals through anthropogenic activities has increased the emission of such contaminants into wastewater. Pharmaceuticals constitute a significant class of aquatic contaminants and can seriously threaten the health of non-target organisms. No strict legal regulations on the consumption and release of pharmaceuticals into water bodies have been implemented on a global scale. Different conventional wastewater treatments are not well-designed to remove emerging contaminants from wastewater with high efficiency. Therefore, particular attention has been paid to the phycoremediation technique, which seems to be a promising choice as a low-cost and environment-friendly wastewater treatment. This technique uses macro- or micro-algae for the removal or biotransformation of pollutants and is constantly being developed to cope with the issue of wastewater contamination. The aims of this review are: (i) to examine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water, and their toxicity on non-target organisms and to describe the inefficient conventional wastewater treatments; (ii) present cost-efficient algal-based techniques of contamination removal; (iii) to characterize types of algae cultivation systems; and (iv) to describe the challenges and advantages of phycoremediation.
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10
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Lee SA, Kim M, Esterhuizen M, Le VV, Kang M, Ko SR, Oh HM, Kim YJ, Ahn CY. An acceleration of carotenoid production and growth of Haematococcus lacustris induced by host-microbiota network interaction. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127097. [PMID: 35751943 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus lacustris is a chlamydomonadalean with high biotechnological interest owing to its capacity to produce astaxanthin, a valuable secondary carotenoid with extraordinary antioxidation properties. However, its prolonged growth has limited its utility commercially. Thus, rapid growth to attain high densities of H. lacustris cells optimally producing astaxanthin is an essential biotechnological target to facilitate profitable commercialisation. Our study focused on characterising the bacterial communities associated with the alga's phycosphere by metagenomics. Subsequently, we altered the bacterial consortia in combined co-culture with key beneficial bacteria to optimise the growth of H. lacustris. The algal biomass increased by up to 2.1-fold in co-cultures, leading to a 1.6-fold increase in the astaxanthin yield. This study attempted to significantly improve the H. lacustris growth rate and biomass yield via Next-Generation Sequencing analysis and phycosphere bacterial augmentation, highlighting the possibility to overcome the hurdles associated with astaxanthin production by H. lacustris at a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ah Lee
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; University of Manitoba, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, Wallace Building, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ve Van Le
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyeong Kang
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Chandra R, Pradhan S, Patel A, Ghosh UK. An approach for dairy wastewater remediation using mixture of microalgae and biodiesel production for sustainable transportation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113210. [PMID: 34375226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is remediation of dairy wastewater (DWW) for biodiesel feedstock production using poly-microalgae cultures of four microalgae namely Chlorella minutissima (C. minutissima), Scenedesmus abundans (S. abundans), Nostoc muscorum (N. muscorum) and Spirulina sp. The poly-microalgae cultures were prepared as C. minutissima + N. muscorum (CN), C. minutissima + N. muscorum + Spirulina sp. (CNSS) and S. abundans + N. muscorum + Spirulina sp. (SNSS). Poly-microalgae culture CNSS cultivated on 70% DWW achieved 75.16, 61.37, 58.76, 84.48 and 84.58%, removals of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and suspended solids (SS), respectively, at 12:12 h photoperiod that resulted into total biomass and lipid yield of 3.47 ± 0.07 g/L and 496.32± 0.065 mg/L. However, maximum biomass and lipid yields of 5.76 ± 0.06 and 1152.37 ± 0.065 mg/L were achieved by poly-microalgae culture CNSS cultivated on 70% DWW + 10 g/L of glucose at 18:6 h photoperiod. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis shown presence of C14:0 (myristic acid) C16:0 (palmitic acid), C16:1 (palmitoleic acid), C18:0 (stearic acid), C18:2 (linoleic acid) and C18:3 (linolenic acid), it indicates that the lipids produced from poly-microalgae cultures are suitable for biodiesel production. Thus, poly-microalgae cultures could be more efficient than mono-microalgae cultures in the remediation of DWW and for biodiesel feedstock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chandra
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Polymer and Process Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (Saharanpur Campus), Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Snigdhendubala Pradhan
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghosh
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Polymer and Process Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (Saharanpur Campus), Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Renuka N, Ratha SK, Kader F, Rawat I, Bux F. Insights into the potential impact of algae-mediated wastewater beneficiation for the circular bioeconomy: A global perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113257. [PMID: 34303940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Algae-based technologies are one of the emerging solutions to societal issues such as accessibility to clean water and carbon-neutral energy and are a contender for the circular bioeconomy. In this review, recent developments in the use of different algal species for nutrient recovery and biomass production in wastewater, challenges, and future perspectives have been addressed. The ratio and bioavailability of nutrients in wastewater are vital parameters, which significantly impact nutrient recovery efficiency and algal biomass production. However, the optimum nutrient concentration and ratio may vary depending upon the microalgal species as well as cultivation conditions. The use of indigenous algae and algae-based consortia with other microorganisms has been proved promising in improving nutrient recovery efficiency and biomass production in pilot scale operations. However, environmental and cultivation conditions also play a significant role in determining the feasibility of the process. This review further focused on the assessment of the potential benefits of algal biomass production, renewable biofuel generation, and CO2 sequestration using wastewater in different countries on the basis of available data on wastewater generation and estimated nutrient contents. It was estimated that 5-10% replacement of fossil crude requirement with algal biofuels would require ~952-1903 billion m3 of water, 10-21 billion tons of nitrogen, and 2-4 billion tons of phosphorus fertilizers. In this context, coupling wastewater treatment and algal biomass production seem to be the most sustainable option with potential global benefits of polishing wastewater through nutrients recycling and carbon dioxide sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Renuka
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sachitra Kumar Ratha
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Phycology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Farzana Kader
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ismail Rawat
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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13
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Fallahi A, Rezvani F, Asgharnejad H, Khorshidi Nazloo E, Hajinajaf N, Higgins B. Interactions of microalgae-bacteria consortia for nutrient removal from wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129878. [PMID: 35534965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution can cause eutrophication, resulting in ecosystem disruption. Wastewater treatment systems employing microalgae-bacteria consortia have the potential to enhance the nutrient removal efficiency from wastewater through mutual interaction and synergetic effects. The knowledge and control of the mechanisms involved in microalgae-bacteria interaction could improve the system's ability to transform and recover nutrients. In this review, a critical evaluation of recent literature was carried out to synthesize knowledge related to mechanisms of interaction between microalgae and bacteria consortia for nutrient removal from wastewater. It is now established that microalgae can produce oxygen through photosynthesis for bacteria and, in turn, bacteria supply the required metabolites and inorganic carbon source for algae growth. Here we highlight how the interaction between microalgae and bacteria is highly dependent on the nitrogen species in the wastewater. When the nitrogen source is ammonium, the generated oxygen by microalgae has a positive influence on nitrifying bacteria. When the nitrogen source is nitrate, the oxygen can have an inhibitory effect on denitrifying bacteria. However, some strains of microalgae have the capability to supply hydrogen gas for hydrogenotrophic denitrifiers as an energy source. Recent literature on biogranulation of microalgae and bacteria and its application for nutrient removal and biomass recovery is also discussed as a promising approach. Significant research challenges remain for the integration of microalgae-bacteria consortia into wastewater treatment processes including microbial community control and process stability over long time horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Fallahi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Rezvani
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hashem Asgharnejad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khorshidi Nazloo
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Hajinajaf
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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14
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Dalvi V, Chawla P, Malik A. Year-long performance assessment of an on-site pilot scale (100 L) photobioreactor on nutrient recovery and pathogen removal from urban wastewater using native microalgal consortium. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Mattsson L, Sörenson E, Capo E, Farnelid HM, Hirwa M, Olofsson M, Svensson F, Lindehoff E, Legrand C. Functional Diversity Facilitates Stability Under Environmental Changes in an Outdoor Microalgal Cultivation System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:651895. [PMID: 33968914 PMCID: PMC8100445 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.651895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionally uniform monocultures have remained the paradigm in microalgal cultivation despite the apparent challenges to avoid invasions by other microorganisms. A mixed microbial consortium approach has the potential to optimize and maintain biomass production despite of seasonal changes and to be more resilient toward contaminations. Here we present a 3-year outdoor production of mixed consortia of locally adapted microalgae and bacteria in cold temperate latitude. Microalgal consortia were cultivated in flat panel photobioreactors using brackish Baltic Sea water and CO2 from a cement factory (Degerhamn, Cementa AB, Heidelberg Cement Group) as a sustainable CO2 source. To evaluate the ability of the microbial consortia to maintain stable biomass production while exposed to seasonal changes in both light and temperature, we tracked changes in the microbial community using molecular methods (16S and 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing) and monitored the biomass production and quality (lipid, protein, and carbohydrate content) over 3 years. Despite changes in environmental conditions, the mixed consortia maintained stable biomass production by alternating between two different predominant green microalgae (Monoraphidium and Mychonastes) with complementary tolerance to temperature. The bacterial population was few taxa co-occured over time and the composition did not have any connection to the shifts in microalgal taxa. We propose that a locally adapted and mixed microalgal consortia, with complementary traits, can be useful for optimizing yield of commercial scale microalgal cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mattsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre of Ecology and Evolution and Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Eva Sörenson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre of Ecology and Evolution and Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Eric Capo
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Maria Farnelid
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre of Ecology and Evolution and Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Maurice Hirwa
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre of Ecology and Evolution and Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Axis Communications, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Svensson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre of Ecology and Evolution and Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Elin Lindehoff
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre of Ecology and Evolution and Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre of Ecology and Evolution and Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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16
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Xu K, Zou X, Xue Y, Qu Y, Li Y. The impact of seasonal variations about temperature and photoperiod on the treatment of municipal wastewater by algae-bacteria system in lab-scale. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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18
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Real-Time Behavior of a Microalgae–Bacteria Consortium Treating Wastewater in a Sequencing Batch Reactor in Response to Feeding Time and Agitation Mode. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A study of a microalgae–bacteria treatment system was conducted in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) by combining a precultured native algae Nannochloropsis gaditana L2 with spontaneous municipal wastewater microorganisms. Two types of agitation, air mixing (AI) and mechanical mixing (MIX), were assessed at continuous illumination (L) and photoperiod cycle light/dark (L/D). The obtained consortium, via native microalgae addition, has a better operational efficiency compared to spontaneous control. This allows the removal of 78% and 53% of total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Under the (L/D) photoperiod, the optimal removal rate (90% of TKN and 75% of COD) was obtained by the consortium at 4 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT) using the AI mode. Moreover, during feeding during dark (D/L) photoperiod, the highest removal rate (83% TKN and 82% COD) was recorded at 4 days HRT using the AI mode. These results bring, at the scale of a bioreactor, new data regarding the mode of aeration and the feeding time. They prove the concept of such a technology, increasing the attraction of microalgae-based wastewater treatment.
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19
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An assessment of heterotrophy and mixotrophy in Scenedesmus and its utilization in wastewater treatment. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Luo S, Waller L, Badgley B, He Z, Young EB. Effects of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen loading on bacterial-algal consortium composition and functions in an integrated photobioelectrochemical system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137135. [PMID: 32059304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrated photo-bioelectrochemical system (IPB) for wastewater treatment combines a microbial fuel cell with an algal bioreactor, eliminating requirements for aeration, promoting electricity generation, remediating nutrients and producing algal biomass for conversion into biofuel or other bioproducts. To examine strategies for improving IPB functions of electrochemical output and nutrient removal efficiency, this study tested effects of cathode bacterial inoculation and nitrogen loading on cathode microbial community and IPB performance. IPB cathodes were inoculated with the green alga Chlorella vulgaris, in combination with nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) Nitrobacter winogradskyi, and/or ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas europaea. IPB performance was examined before and after nitrifying bacteria inoculations and under three ammonium loading concentrations in the wastewater medium. Bacterial communities in the cathode suspension and biofilm were examined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Relative to the algae only control, cathode inoculation with NOB and/or AOB improved net nutrient removal, but resulted in reduced dissolved oxygen availability, which impaired electricity generation. Higher ammonium loading increased electricity production and nutrient removal, possibly by overcoming algal-bacterial competition. Inoculation with nitrifying bacteria resulted in minor changes to total bacterial composition and AOB or NOB comprised <3% of total sequences after 1 month. Community composition changed more dramatically following increase in ammonium-N concentration from 40 to 80 mg L-1. Manipulation of N loading could be a useful strategy to improve IPB performance, while inoculation of AOB or NOB may be beneficial for treatment of water with high ammonium loading when N removal is the primary system goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Lucas Waller
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Brian Badgley
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Erica B Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
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21
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Chaiwong C, Koottatep T, Polprasert C. Comparative study on attached-growth photobioreactors under blue and red lights for treatment of septic tank effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110134. [PMID: 32090830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Attached-growth photobioreactors (AG-PBRs) employing low-cost attached-growth media were applied to treat septic tank effluent which contained abundant organic and nutrient matters as well as pathogenic microorganisms. This study investigated effects of blue and red LED lights on organic, nutrient and pathogenic removals, biomass productivity and compositions of microbial community in the AG-PBR system. The experimental results showed the blue AG-PBR to be more effective in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and generating biomass productivity than those of the red AG-PBR (P < 0.05). Mass balance analysis indicated that the TN and total phosphorus (TP) were removed mainly by assimilation into the biomass. The TN removal rates via nitrification and denitrification processes in the blue AG-PBR were found to be higher than that of the red AG-PBR, corresponding to the observed results of bacterial biomass and abundances of nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial species in the treatment systems. The maximal areal algal biomass productivity of 47 gDW/(m2. d) in the blue AG-PBRs was found to be higher than those of other algal attached-growth systems. Although, the red and blue AG-PBR systems could effectively treat the septic tank effluent to meet the national and international discharge standards, based on treatment efficiencies and biomass productivity, the blue AG-PBR is recommended for treatment of septic tank effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Chaiwong
- Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Environments Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Thammarat Koottatep
- Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Environments Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O.Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Chongrak Polprasert
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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22
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Wang M, Zhang SC, Tang Q, Shi LD, Tao XM, Tian GM. Organic degrading bacteria and nitrifying bacteria stimulate the nutrient removal and biomass accumulation in microalgae-based system from piggery digestate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:134442. [PMID: 31865075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae-based system has been applied in anaerobic digestate treatment for nutrient removal and biomass production. To optimize its performance in treating piggery digestate, here, commercial bacterial agents, including organic degrading bacteria (Cb) and nitrifying bacteria (Nb), were inoculated into the microalgae-based system dominated by Desmodesmus sp. CHX1 (D). Reactor DN (inoculated with D and Nb) and DCN (inoculated with D, and Cb to Nb at a ratio of 1:2) have better performance on NH4+-N removal, with a final efficiency at 40.26% and 39.87%, respectively, and no NO3--N or NO2--N accumulations. The final total chlorophyll concentration, an indicator of microalgal growth, reached 4.74 and 5.47 mg/L in DN and DCN, respectively, three times more than that in D. These results suggested that high NH4+-N removal was achieved by the assimilation into high microalgal biomass after the inoculation with functional bacteria. High-throughput sequencing showed that the richness of microbial community decreased but the evenness increased by inoculating functional microorganisms. Microalgae aggregating bacteria were Cellvibrio, Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium, Comamonas, Microbacterium, Dyadobacter, and Paenibacillus. This study revealed that the inoculation with functional bacteria reconstructed the microbial community which benefited for the microalgal growth and nutrient removal, providing a promising strategy for treating highly-concentrated digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Chi Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qin Tang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling-Dong Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing-Ming Tao
- Hangzhou Wanxiang Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Guang-Ming Tian
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Shahid A, Malik S, Zhu H, Xu J, Nawaz MZ, Nawaz S, Asraful Alam M, Mehmood MA. Cultivating microalgae in wastewater for biomass production, pollutant removal, and atmospheric carbon mitigation; a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135303. [PMID: 31818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is one of the leading global problems along with the depletion of energy resources and environmental deterioration. Recent industrialization, global mobility, and increasing population have adversely affected the freshwater resources. The wastewater sources are categorized as domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents and their disposal into water bodies poses a harmful impact on human and animal health due to the presence of higher amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, heavy metals and other organic/inorganic pollutants. Several conventional treatment methods have been employed, but none of those can be termed as a universal method due to their high cost, less efficiency, and non-environment friendly nature. Alternatively, wastewater treatment using microalgae (phycoremediation) offers several advantages over chemical-based treatment methods. Microalgae cultivation using wastewater offers the highest atmospheric carbon fixation rate (1.83 kg CO2/kg of biomass) and fastest biomass productivity (40-50% higher than terrestrial crops) among all terrestrial bio-remediators with concomitant pollutant removal (80-100%). Moreover, the algal biomass may contain high-value metabolites including omega-3-fatty acids, pigments, amino acids, and high sugar content. Hence, after extraction of high-value compounds, residual biomass can be either directly converted to energy through thermochemical transformation or can be used to produce biofuels through biological fermentation or transesterification. This review highlights the recent advances in microalgal biotechnology to establish a biorefinery approach to treat wastewater. The articulation of wastewater treatment facilities with microalgal biorefinery, the use of microalgal consortia, the possible merits, and demerits of phycoremediation are also discussed. The impact of wastewater-derived nutrient stress and its exploitation to modify the algal metabolite content in view of future concerns of cost-benefit ratios of algal biorefineries is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianren Xu
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Computer Science, The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China; Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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24
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Unsterilized sewage treatment and carbohydrate accumulation in Tetradesmus obliquus PF3 with CO2 supplementation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Gautam R, Vinu R. Reaction engineering and kinetics of algae conversion to biofuels and chemicals via pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art review on pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction of algae to fuels and chemicals with emphasis on reaction chemistry and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribhu Gautam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
| | - R. Vinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and National Center for Combustion Research and Development
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
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26
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27
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Xu ZM, Wang Z, Gao Q, Wang LL, Chen LL, Li QG, Jiang JJ, Ye HJ, Wang DS, Yang P. Influence of irrigation with microalgae-treated biogas slurry on agronomic trait, nutritional quality, oxidation resistance, and nitrate and heavy metal residues in Chinese cabbage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 244:453-461. [PMID: 31154108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biogas slurry (BS) is a main byproduct of biogas production that is commonly used for agricultural irrigation because of its abundant nutrients and microelements. However, direct application of BS may cause quality decline and nitrate and heavy metal accumulation in crops. To address this issue, a microalgae culture experiment and an irrigation experiment were performed to evaluate the removal efficiencies of nutrients and heavy metals from diluted BS by microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and to investigate the effects of irrigation with microalgae-treated BS (MBS-25, MBS-50, MBS-75, and MBS-100) on nutritional quality, oxidation resistance, and nitrate and heavy metal residues in Chinese cabbage. After 8 days of continuous culture, a ratio of 1/1 for BS/tap water mixture (BS-50) was the optimal proportion for microalgal growth (3.73 g dry cell L-1) and efficient removal of total nitrogen (86.1%), total phosphorus (94.3%), COD (87.5%), Cr (50%), Pb (60.7%), and Cd (59.7%). The pH in MBS-50 medium recovered to the highest level in a shorter period of time and accelerated the gas stripping of ammonia nitrogen and the formation of insoluble phosphate and metals, which partly contributed to the high removal efficiencies. MBS irrigation significantly promoted crop growth; improved nutritional quality, edible taste, and oxidation resistance; and reduced nitrate and heavy metal residues in Chinese cabbage at a large scale. Therefore, microalgae culture was beneficial to reduce negative impacts of BS irrigation in crop growth and agricultural product safety. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the safe utilization of BS waste in agricultural irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Xu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, China
| | - Qiao-Guang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510550, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Han-Jie Ye
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Xu K, Zou X, Wen H, Xue Y, Qu Y, Li Y. Effects of multi-temperature regimes on cultivation of microalgae in municipal wastewater to simultaneously remove nutrients and produce biomass. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8255-8265. [PMID: 31396677 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Coupling algal cultivation with wastewater treatment due to their potentials to alleviate energy crisis and reduce environmental burden has attracted the increased attention in recent years. However, these microalgal-based processes are challenging since daily and seasonal temperature fluctuation may affect microalgal growth in wastewater, and the effects of the temperature regimes on microalgal biomass production and wastewater nutrient removal remain unclear. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was continuously cultured for 15 days in municipal wastewater to investigate the effects on the algal biomass and wastewater nutrient removal in three temperature regimes: (1) low temperature (4 °C), (2) high temperature (35 °C), and (3) alternating high-low temperature (35 °C in the day: 4 °C at night). Compared with the other two temperature regimes, the high-low temperature conditions generated the most biomass (1.62 g L-1), the highest biomass production rate (99.21 mg L-1 day-1), and most efficient removal of COD, TN, NH3-N, and TP (83.0%, 96.5%, 97.8%, and 99.2%, respectively). In addition, the polysaccharides, proteins, lipid content, and fatty acid methyl ester composition analysis indicates that in alternating high-low temperature condition, biomass production increased the potential for biofuel production, and there was the highest lipid content (26.4% of total dry biomass). The results showed that the nutrients except COD were all efficiently removed in these temperature conditions, and the alternating high-low temperature condition showed great potential to generate algal biomass and alleviate the wastewater nutrients. This study provides some valuable information for large-scale algal cultivation in wastewater and microalgal-based wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Yanta Road #126, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Yanta Road #126, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Yanta Road #126, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Yanta Road #126, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Yanta Road #126, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Yanta Road #126, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecology in Arid Areas, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an, 710075, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Zhang B, Guo Y, Lens PNL, Zhang Z, Shi W, Cui F, Tay JH. Effect of light intensity on the characteristics of algal-bacterial granular sludge and the role of N-acyl-homoserine lactone in the granulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:372-383. [PMID: 30599356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of light intensity on the development of algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) were investigated over a period of 12 weeks. The ABGS developed at low light intensity (142 ± 10 μmol m-2·s-1) exhibited excellent settling ability (SVI30 of 30.9 mL/g), COD and TN removal efficiencies (97.6% and 60.4%, respectively). High light intensity (316 ± 12 μmol m-2·s-1) accelerated granular biomass growth (5.3 g/L) and enhanced the TP removal efficiency (83.7%). Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) analysis revealed that low light intensity induced more large weight distribution protein production (9-12 kDa and 50-150 kDa), predominantly tryptophan and aromatic proteins. Furthermore, N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) with a side chain ≤ C10 were commonly shared in the ABGS, and the ABGS developed at low light intensity had a higher C6- and 3OC8-HSL content, which effectively promoted the biofilm formation. The add-back studies showed that the AHLs facilitated the regulation of EPS synthesis. Statistical analysis indicated that the AHLs content had a close correlation with the EPS production, the 50th percentile of the particle size distribution and microbial community assembly, suggesting that AHLs-mediated quorum sensing have an important ecological role in EPS expression and algal-bacterial granulation. Overall, this study describes the ABGS development at different light intensities and the mechanisms of ABGS formation treating synthetic domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Joo Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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30
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Marin-Batista JD, Villamil JA, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF, de la Rubia MA. Valorization of microalgal biomass by hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:395-402. [PMID: 30551042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a novel choice for treating microalgal biomass (MAB) was assessed. The hydrochar obtained at 210 °C had a carbon content and a higher heating value (HHV) 1.09 and 1.1 times greater, respectively, than that of the feedstock. Also, washing the hydrochar with HCl efficiently removed ash and increased its carbon content 1.40-fold. Energy recovery in the liquid fraction from the hydrothermal treatment (LF) by anaerobic digestion (AD) allowed methane yields of 188-356 mL STP CH4 g-1 VSadded, to be obtained. As a result, the amount of energy recovered from MAB was increased from about 4 MJ kg-1 (20% in terms of HHV) to 15.4, 12.1 and 10.4 MJ kg-1 by combining HTC at 180, 210 and 240 °C, respectively, with AD. Therefore, HTC at 180 °C in combination with AD seemingly provides an effective method for valorizing MAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Marin-Batista
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Villamil
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Rubia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Microalgae–bacteria consortium treatment technology for municipal wastewater management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41204-018-0050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Zhang X, Yuan H, Jiang Z, Lin D, Zhang X. Impact of surface tension of wastewater on biofilm formation of microalgae Chlorella sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:498-506. [PMID: 29990766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The organic matter and surfactants in wastewater may cause variations in the surface tension of wastewater (STW) ranging between ∼40 and ∼70 mJ·m-2. This study focused on the influence of STW on microalgae biofilm formation. A theoretical analysis was first conducted, and then microalgae biofilm formation on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrata in liquid and real wastewater with different surface tensions was studied. The results demonstrated that STW affected microalgae biofilm formation remarkably. When the surface tension of liquid medium (γlv) was approximately equal to the average value of surface free energy of microalgae and substrata, biofilm formation reached the minimum. Microalgae biofilm formation on a hydrophilic surface first decreased (from ∼2200 to ∼1500 cells/mm2) and then increased (from ∼1500 to 3100 cells/mm2) with the decrease in γlv (from ∼70 to ∼40 mJ·m-2), whereas biofilm on a hydrophobic surface continued to decrease (from ∼2500 to 1000 cells/mm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dahao Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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33
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Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Nutrient removal and biomass production: advances in microalgal biotechnology for wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:1244-1260. [PMID: 29768936 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1472066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Owing to certain drawbacks, such as energy-intensive operations in conventional modes of wastewater treatment (WWT), there has been an extensive search for alternative strategies in treatment technology. Biological modes for treating wastewaters are one of the finest technologies in terms of economy and efficiency. An integrated biological approach with chemical flocculation is being conventionally practiced in several-sewage and effluent treatment plants around the world. Overwhelming responsiveness to treat wastewaters especially by using microalgae is due to their simplest photosynthetic mechanism and ease of acclimation to various habitats. Microalgal technology, also known as phycoremediation, has been in use for WWT since 1950s. Various strategies for the cultivation of microalgae in WWT systems are evolving faster. However, the availability of innovative approaches for maximizing the treatment efficiency, coupled with biomass productivity, remains the major bottleneck for commercialization of microalgal technology. Investment costs and invasive parameters also delimit the use of microalgae in WWT. This review critically discusses the merits and demerits of microalgal cultivation strategies recently developed for maximum pollutant removal as well as biomass productivity. Also, the potential of algal biofilm technology in pollutant removal, and harvesting the microalgal biomass using different techniques have been highlighted. Finally, an economic assessment of the currently available methods has been made to validate microalgal cultivation in wastewater at the commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Research and Innovation Division, Faculty of Science , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Research and Innovation Division, Faculty of Science , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia.,b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE) , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | | | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- a Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Research and Innovation Division, Faculty of Science , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia.,b Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE) , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
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34
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Kang D, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Wu C, Xiang W. Removal of nutrients and pharmaceuticals and personal care products from wastewater using periphyton photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:113-119. [PMID: 28689959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, periphyton photobioreactors were built and were used for the treatment of synthetic wastewater spiked with PPCPs under different operational conditions. The removal rates of total nitrogen were relatively stable and varied from 39% to 77% overtime in different treatments. However, the removal rates of soluble reactive phosphorus decreased overtime from 42% to 68% on day 2 to 15.8% to 44% on day 22. For the selected PPCPs, only bisphenol A was effectively removed (72%-86.4%), hydrochlorothiazide and ibuprofen were moderately removed (26.2%-48.7%), and carbamazepine and gemfibrozil were poorly removed (6.45%-20.6%). Longer hydraulic retention time enhanced the treatment efficiency but illumination period showed contrasting effects on the removal of the nutrients and the PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qichao Zhao
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Ministry of Water Resources of People's Republic of China, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wu Xiang
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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35
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Wang Y, Ho SH, Cheng CL, Guo WQ, Nagarajan D, Ren NQ, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Perspectives on the feasibility of using microalgae for industrial wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:485-497. [PMID: 27765375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although microalgae can serve as an appropriate alternative feedstock for biofuel production, the high microalgal cultivation cost has been a major obstacle for commercializing such attempts. One of the feasible solution for cost reduction is to couple microalgal biofuel production system with wastewater treatment, as microalgae are known to effectively eliminate a variety of nutrients/pollutants in wastewater, such as nitrogen/phosphate, organic carbons, VFAs, pharmaceutical compounds, textile dye compounds, and heavy metals. This review aims to critically discuss the feasibility of microalgae-based wastewater treatment, including the strategies for strain selection, the effect of wastewater types, photobioreactor design, economic feasibility assessment, and other key issues that influence the treatment performance. The potential of microalgae-bacteria consortium for treatment of industrial wastewaters is also discussed. This review provides useful information for developing an integrated wastewater treatment with microalgal biomass and biofuel production facilities and establishing efficient co-cultivation for microalgae and bacteria in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chieh-Lun Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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36
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Zhu L, Yan C, Li Z. Microalgal cultivation with biogas slurry for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:629-636. [PMID: 27599623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal growth requires a substantial amount of chemical fertilizers. An alternative to the utilization of fertilizer is to apply biogas slurry produced through anaerobic digestion to cultivate microalgae for the production of biofuels. Plenty of studies have suggested that anaerobic digestate containing high nutrient contents is a potentially feasible nutrient source to culture microalgae. However, current literature indicates a lack of review available regarding microalgal cultivation with biogas slurry for the production of biofuels. To help fill this gap, this review highlights the integration of digestate nutrient management with microalgal production. It first unveils the current status of microalgal production, providing basic background to the topic. Subsequently, microalgal cultivation technologies using biogas slurry are discussed in detail. A scale-up scheme for simultaneous biogas upgrade and digestate application through microalgal cultivation is then proposed. Afterwards, several uncertainties that might affect this practice are explored. Finally, concluding remarks are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Zhu
- Faculty of Technology, and Vaasa Energy Institute, University of Vaasa, FI-65101 Vaasa, Finland; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, and Faculty of Resources and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaohua Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, and Faculty of Resources and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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