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Wei T, Mueed A, Luo T, Sun Y, Zhang B, Zheng L, Deng Z, Li J. 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol: Structure-function relationship, triacylglycerols preparation, nutrition value. Food Chem 2024; 443:138560. [PMID: 38295563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Based on multivariate statistics, this review compared major triacylglycerols (TAGs) in animal milk and human milk fat from China and other countries. Human milk fat differs from animal milk fat in that it has longer acyl chains and higher concentrations of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (O-P-O) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (O-P-L). O-P-L is a significant and distinct TAG in human milk fat, particularly in China. 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) is human milk's major triglyceride molecule of O-P-L, accounting for more than 70%. As a result, OPL has piqued the interest of Chinese academics. The synthesis process and nutritional outcomes of OPL have been studied, including changes in gut microbiota, serum lipid composition, improved fatty acid and calcium absorption, and increased total bile acid levels. However, current OPL research is limited. Therefore, this review discussed enzymatic preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) and OPL and their nutritional and physiological activity to direct future research direction for sn-2 palmitate and OPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.
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2
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Yi M, You Y, Zhang Y, Wu G, Karrar E, Zhang L, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wang X. Highly Valuable Fish Oil: Formation Process, Enrichment, Subsequent Utilization, and Storage of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ethyl Esters. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020672. [PMID: 36677730 PMCID: PMC9865908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, as the demand for precision nutrition is continuously increasing, scientific studies have shown that high-purity eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-EE) functions more efficiently than mixed omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid preparations in diseases such as hyperlipidemia, heart disease, major depression, and heart disease; therefore, the market demand for EPA-EE is growing by the day. In this paper, we attempt to review EPA-EE from a whole-manufacturing-chain perspective. First, the extraction, refining, and ethanolysis processes (fish oil and ethanol undergo transesterification) of EPA-EE are described, emphasizing the potential of green substitute technologies. Then, the method of EPA enrichment is thoroughly detailed, the pros and cons of different methods are compared, and current developments in monomer production techniques are addressed. Finally, a summary of current advanced strategies for dealing with the low oxidative stability and low bioavailability of EPA-EE is presented. In conclusion, understanding the entire production process of EPA-EE will enable us to govern each step from a macro perspective and accomplish the best use of EPA-EE in a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yue You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-85876799 (G.W.); +86-510-85351730 (L.Z.)
| | - Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214023, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-85876799 (G.W.); +86-510-85351730 (L.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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3
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zheng M. A novel and controllable method for simultaneous preparation of human milk fat substitutes (OPL, OPO and LPL): two-step enzymatic ethanolysis-esterification strategy. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112168. [PMID: 36596114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel and effective approach based on the two-step ethanolysis-esterification strategy was proposed for the controllable and simultaneous preparation of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL), 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) and 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (LPL) with adjustable proportions. Enzymatic ethanolysis of fractionated palm stearin was carried out to yield 2-monopalmitoylglycerol (79.4 ± 0.6 %) with over 91.0 % purity at the optimal conditions. The immobilized Candida sp. lipase (CSL) on octyl-functionalized ordered mesoporous silica (OMS-C8) was applied to re-esterify 2-monopalmitoylglycerol with oleic acid and linoleic acid for the simultaneous production of OPL, OPO, and LPL. The total content in the final products was 81.5 %, with 91.3 % of palmitic acid (PA) content at the sn-2 position. Besides, OPL/OPO/LPL was conveniently prepared with suitable proportions for worldwide infants by adjusting the ratio of acyl donors. This paper provides a novel and effective two-step ethanolysis-esterification strategy for the development of human milk fat substitutes (HMFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Food Processing Research Institute, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Chen Y, Liu K, Yang Z, Chang M, Wang X, Wang X. Lipase-catalyzed two-step hydrolysis for concentration of acylglycerols rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem 2023; 400:134115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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He L, Zheng J, Feng S, Xu L, Zhong N. Immobilization of Candida antarctica Lipase A onto Macroporous Resin NKA-9: Esterification and Glycerolysis Performance Study. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1337-1348. [PMID: 36047241 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, lipase A from Candida antarctica (CALA) was immobilized onto the macroporous resin NKA-9. Immobilization conditions (pH, time and CALA concentration) were studied, enzymatic activity and immobilization efficiency (IE) up to 968.89 U/g and 53.19% were respectively obtained under optimal conditions (immobilization pH 5.0, time 5 h and CALA concentration at 30 mg/mL). Then, the NKA-9 supported CALA (CALA@NKA-9) samples were used to catalyze glycerolysis in solvent-free system. With 0.25 g of the present CALA@NKA-9 (soybean oil 3.52 g and glycerol 0.184 g) and after 12 h reaction at 50 °C, diacylglycerols (DAG) content up to 64.37% and triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion at 83.33% were obtained. The relationship between temperature and TAG conversion was LnV 0 = 13.9310-6.4212/T for CALA@NKA-9. Meanwhile, the activation energy (Ea) of CALA@NKA-9 was calculated to be 53.39 kJ/mol. In addition, reusability in the glycerolysis reaction was also evaluated, and 57.82% of the initial glycerolysis activity was retained after 9 consecutive applications. Furthermore, the CALA@NKA-9 was also used to catalyze the esterification (esterification of fatty acids with glycerol), however, the present CALA@NKA-9 cannot initiate the esterification. Therefore, the present CALA@NKA-9 is shown to be potential for DAG production through glycerolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Siting Feng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University.,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
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6
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Xie D, Chen Y, Yu J, Yang Z, Wang X, Wang X. Progress in enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11310-11326. [PMID: 35699651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2086852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been widely used in foods, and pharmaceutical products due to its beneficial effects. The content of n-3 PUFA in natural oils is usually low, which decreases its added value. Thus, there is an increasing demand on the market for n-3 PUFA concentrates. This review firstly introduces the differences in bioavailability and oxidative stability between different types of PUFA concentrate (free fatty acid, ethyl ester and acylglycerol), and then provides a comprehensive discussion of different methods for enrichment of lipids with n-3 PUFA including physical-chemical methods and enzymatic methods. Lipases used for catalyzing esterification, transesterification and hydrolysis reactions play an important role in the production of highly enriched various types of n-3 PUFA concentrates. Lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis or hydrolysis reactions are the mostly employed method to prepare high-quality n-3 PUFA of structural acylglycerols. Although many important advantages offered by lipases in enrichment of n-3 PUFA, the high cost of enzyme limits its industrial-scale production. Further research should focus on looking for biological enzymes with extraordinary catalytic ability and clear selectivity. Other novel technologies such as protein engineering and immobilization may be needed to modify lipases to improve its selectivity, catalytic ability and reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junwen Yu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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7
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Concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides by Candida antarctica lipase A-catalyzed selective methanolysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Zhou D, Zhao M, Wang J, Faiza M, Chen X, Cui J, Liu N, Li D. A novel and efficient method for punicic acid-enriched diacylglycerol preparation: Enzymatic ethanolysis of pomegranate seed oil catalyzed by Lipozyme 435. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Ferreira GF, Pessoa JGB, Ríos Pinto LF, Maciel Filho R, Fregolente LV. Mono- and diglyceride production from microalgae: Challenges and prospects of high-value emulsifiers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Vilas Bôas RN, Lima R, Silva MVC, Freitas L, Aguiar LG, de Castro HF. Continuous production of monoacylglycerol via glycerolysis of babassu oil by immobilized Burkholderia cepacia lipase in a packed bed reactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2205-2215. [PMID: 34089091 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the glycerolysis of babassu oil by Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized on SiO2-PVA particles in a continuous packed bed reactor. Experiments were conducted in a solvent-free system at 273.15 K either in an inert atmosphere or in the presence of cocoa butter to prevent lipid oxidation. The reactor (15 × 55 mm) was run at a fixed space time of 9.8 h using different molar ratios of babassu oil to glycerol (1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:12, and 1:15) to assess the effects of reactant molar ratio on monoacylglycerol productivity and selectivity. Nitrogen atmosphere and cocoa butter were equally effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation, indicating that addition of cocoa butter to glycerolysis reactions may be an interesting cost-reduction strategy. An oil/glycerol molar ratio of 1:9 resulted in the highest productivity (52.3 ± 2.9 mg g-1 h-1) and selectivity (31.5 ± 1.8%). Residence time distribution data were fitted to an axial dispersion model for closed-vessel boundary conditions, giving a mass transfer coefficient (kc) of 3.4229 × 10-6 m s-1. A kinetic model based on elementary steps of the studied reaction was written in Scilab and compared with experimental data, providing standard deviations in the range of 5.5-7.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata N Vilas Bôas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo (USP), 12.602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rosemar Lima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo (USP), 12.602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus V C Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo (USP), 12.602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Freitas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo (USP), 12.602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Aguiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo (USP), 12.602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Heizir F de Castro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering of Lorena, University of São Paulo (USP), 12.602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
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11
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Chen C, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Ju X, Wang Z, He R. Study of monoglycerides enriched with unsaturated fatty acids at sn-2 position as oleogelators for oleogel preparation. Food Chem 2021; 354:129534. [PMID: 33752116 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of using highly unsaturated 2-monoglycerides as oleogelators on the properties of soybean oil oleogels designed to eliminate saturated and trans fatty acids was investigated in this study. We adopted a novel two-step synthesis aiming to increase the yield of the 2-monoglycerides. The optimal synthesis conditions were a substrate weight ratio of 2:1 (w/w), 10% Lipozyme 435 (w/w total reactants), and 4 h of reaction time at room temperature. Under these conditions, the 2-monoglyceride yield (40.69%) increased by 10% compared to that of the conventional synthesis route. Additionally, soybean oil oleogels prepared using 10% 2-monoglycerides with or without rice bran wax were systematically characterized by polarized light microscopy, a texture analyzer, XRD spectroscopy, and rheometry. Comparative studies indicated that a combination of rice bran wax and 2-monoglycerides had synergistic effects on gel properties. A mixture of 4% rice bran wax and 6% 2-monoglycerides was found to provide better oleogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Monteiro RR, Virgen-Ortiz JJ, Berenguer-Murcia Á, da Rocha TN, dos Santos JC, Alcántara AR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological relevance of the lipase A from Candida antarctica. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Melgosa R, Sanz MT, Beltrán S. Supercritical CO2 processing of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids – Towards a biorefinery for fish waste valorization. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Marsol-Vall A, Aitta E, Guo Z, Yang B. Green technologies for production of oils rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from aquatic sources. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:2942-2962. [PMID: 33480261 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1861426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fish and algae are the major sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Globally, there is a rapid increase in demand for n-3 PUFA-rich oils. Conventional oil production processes use high temperature and chemicals, compromising the oil quality and the environment. Hence, alternative green technologies have been investigated for producing oils from aquatic sources. While most of the studies have focused on the oil extraction and enrichment of n-3 PUFAs, less effort has been directed toward green refining of oils from fish and algae. Enzymatic processing and ultrasound-assisted extraction with environment-friendly solvents are the most promising green technologies for extracting fish oil, whereas pressurized extractions are suitable for extracting microalgae oil. Lipase-catalysed ethanolysis of fish and algae oil is a promising green technology for enriching n-3 PUFAs. Green refining technologies such as phospholipase- and membrane-assisted degumming deserve investigation for application in fish and algal oils. In the current review, we critically examined the currently existing research on technologies applied at each of the steps involved in the production of oils rich in n-3 PUFAs from fish and algae species. Special attention was placed on assessment of green technologies in comparison with conventional processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Marsol-Vall
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ella Aitta
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Zheng Guo
- Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Yang Z, Jin W, Cheng X, Dong Z, Chang M, Wang X. Enzymatic enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides by selective hydrolysis. Food Chem 2020; 346:128743. [PMID: 33419584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most natural oils are low in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) content, which limits their application in health products. In this study, n-3 PUFAs in glyceride form were selectively enriched by lipase-mediated hydrolysis of n-3 PUFA-containing oils. First, commercial lipases were screened, and the lipase AY "Amano" 400SD from Candida cylindracea was the best choice in producing n-3 PUFA glycerides from tuna oil. Subsequently, the hydrolysis conditions were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the highest n-3 PUFA content in the glyceride fraction was found to be 57.7% after enzymatic hydrolysis. Addition of Ca2+ to the system significantly shortened the reaction time from 10 to 4 h. When algal oil was used as substrate, total PUFA contents in the glyceride fraction were 89.9%. This study provides an efficient enzymatic process to produce n-3 PUFA-enriched glyceride concentrates and demonstrates that AY "Amano" 400SD can effectively discriminate against n-3 PUFAs during hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wenhua Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ming Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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16
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Xu J, Zhang R, Han Z, Wang Z, Wang F, Deng L, Nie K. The highly-stable immobilization of enzymes on a waste mycelium carrier. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:111032. [PMID: 32778312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mycelium is an abundant waste from the fermentation industry, and the environmental problems associated with its required disposal seriously limited the development of fermentation industry. In China, millions of tons of various kinds of mycelium residues were produced each year. Research into providing added-value to mycelium, while avoiding its disposal, is hence of paramount importance. Mycelium can be used as carrier for enzymes, while the enzyme immobilization moreover improves their stability and lifetime performance. Carrier recycling, the natural degradation and disposal of artificial polymer carriers are critical issues in immobilization. This research investigated its use to manufacture a highly-stable immobilized enzyme. An acid pretreatment was employed to enhance the adsorption ability of mycelium, and its adsorption ability was compared with other carriers. Under the optimal conditions, a core-shell immobilized enzyme with porous structure was obtained. The stability and the recycle results of the evaluation indicated the excellent performance of the immobilized enzyme. The mycelium recycling was also investigated to verify the practicability. All the results indicated that the use of a mycelium-based carrier was a promising strategy for the reutilization of the fermentation waste, and this technique provides an alternative way to reduce the total amount of the waste mycelium. Meanwhile, the stability and reusability performance of the mycelium-based immobilization could also decrease the influence of the disposal of the solid waste from denatured enzymes to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Xu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Renwei Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zehui Han
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Kaili Nie
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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17
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Gao L, Cheng X, Yu X, Wang X, Jin Q, Wang X. Lipase-mediated production of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol by a two-step method. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Castejón N, Señoráns FJ. Enzymatic modification to produce health-promoting lipids from fish oil, algae and other new omega-3 sources: A review. N Biotechnol 2020; 57:45-54. [PMID: 32224214 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are a versatile class of enzymes that have aroused great interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to modify and synthesize new lipids for functional foods. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown important biological functions promoting human health, especially in the development and maintenance of brain function and vision. Lipases allow selective production of functional lipids enriched in omega-3 PUFAs and are unique enzymatic tools to improve the natural composition of lipids and provide specific bioactivities. This review comprises recent research trends on the enzymatic production of bioactive, structured lipids with improved nutritional characteristics, using new enzymatic processing technologies in combination with novel raw materials, including microalgal lipids and new seed oils high in omega-3 fatty acids. An extensive number of lipase applications in the synthesis of health-promoting lipids enriched in omega-3 fatty acids by enzymatic modification is reviewed, considering the main advances in recent years for production of ethyl esters, 2-monoacylglycerols and structured triglycerides and phospholipids with omega-3 fatty acids, in order to achieve bioactive lipids as new foods and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castejón
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Señoráns
- Healthy-Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Preparation of DHA-Rich Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerols by Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis of Microbial Oil from Schizochytrium sp.with Medium-Chain Fatty Acids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1294-1314. [PMID: 32096059 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DHA-rich medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) were produced by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of microbial oil from Schizochytrium sp. with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). Four commercial lipases, i.e., NS40086, Novozym 435, Lipozyme RM IM, and Lipozyme TL IM were screened based on their activity and fatty acid specificity. The selected conditions for MLCT synthesis were Lipozyme RM IM as catalyst, reaction time 6 h, lipase load 8 wt%, substrate molar ratio (MCFA/microbial oil) 3:1, and temperature 55 °C. Under the selected conditions, the lipase could be reused successively for 17 cycles without significant loss of lipase activity. The obtained product contained 27.53% MCFA, 95.29% at sn-1,3 positions, and 44.70% DHA, 69.77% at sn-2 position. Fifty-nine types of triacylglycerols (TAG) were identified, in which 35 types of TAG contained MCFA, the content accounting for 55.35%. This product enriched with DHA at sn-2 position and MCFA at sn-1,3 positions can improve its digestion and absorption under an infant's digestive system, and thus has potential to be used in infant formula to increase the bioavailability of DHA.
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20
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Wang X, Qin X, Li X, Zhao Z, Yang B, Wang Y. An Efficient Synthesis of Lysophosphatidylcholine Enriched with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Immobilized MAS1 Lipase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:242-249. [PMID: 31668065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) with many beneficial effects was effectively synthesized by immobilized MAS1 lipase-catalyzed esterification of n-3 PUFA with sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (GPC) under vacuum in a solvent-free system. Immobilized MAS1 lipase was found to be a more suitable catalyst for the production of n-3 PUFA-rich LPC when compared with Novozym 435. The maximal GPC conversion and LPC content (93.12% and 90.77 mol %) were obtained under the optimized conditions (enzyme loading of 300 U/g substrate, temperature of 55 °C, and n-3 PUFA/GPC molar ratio of 20:1). Moreover, it was observed that 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-lysophosphatidylcholine (sn-1 acyl LPC) was the main reaction product, as demonstrated by molecular docking. These results showed that immobilized MAS1 lipase had high phospholipase activity with a predominant specificity for the sn-1 hydroxyl position of GPC to efficiently synthesize highly pure n-3 PUFA-rich LPC from GPC for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Putian University , Putian 351100 , P. R. China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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21
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Hobuss CB, da Silva FA, dos Santos MAZ, de Pereira CMP, Schulz GAS, Bianchini D. Synthesis and characterization of monoacylglycerols through glycerolysis of ethyl esters derived from linseed oil by green processes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2327-2336. [PMID: 35494560 PMCID: PMC9048855 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of monoacylglycerol (MAG) through the glycerolysis of ethyl ester mixture (biodiesel) was investigated in this study from linseed oil, low-cost alternative feedstock, using an alkaline catalyst with green reagent. The transesterification double step process (TDSP), reaction with ethanol to ethyl esters yielded 97%. In the glycerolysis reaction, the optimum operating condition was in a temperature of 130 °C with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 1 : 5 biodiesel–glycerol and 12 h reaction time, in open reactor. The reaction conditions showed an interesting conversion and monoacylglycerol yield of 98% and 76%, respectively. The determination and characterization of reaction products was carried out by Gas Chromatography (GC) method, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR). The synthesis of monoacylglycerol (MAG) through the glycerolysis of ethyl ester mixture (biodiesel) was investigated in this study from linseed oil, low-cost alternative feedstock, using an alkaline catalyst with green reagent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane B. Hobuss
- Center of Science Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Food
- Federal University of Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Felipe A. da Silva
- Chemistry and Food School
- Federal University of Rio Grande
- Rio Grande
- Brazil
| | - Marco A. Z. dos Santos
- Center of Science Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Food
- Federal University of Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | | | - Gracélie A. S. Schulz
- Center of Science Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Food
- Federal University of Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Daniela Bianchini
- Center of Science Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Food
- Federal University of Pelotas
- Pelotas
- Brazil
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22
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Wang X, Jiang C, Xu W, Miu Z, Jin Q, Wang X. Enzymatic synthesis of structured triacylglycerols rich in 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol in a solvent-free system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Wang Q, Xie Y, Johnson DR, Li Y, He Z, Li H. Ultrasonic-pretreated lipase-catalyzed synthesis of medium-long-medium lipids using different fatty acids as sn-2 acyl-site donors. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2361-2373. [PMID: 31367365 PMCID: PMC6657711 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the enzymatic transesterification of medium-long-medium (MLM) lipids using 2-monoacylglycerol, bearing distinct fatty acids at the sn-2 position with palmitic acid, octadecanoic acid, oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acids as sn-2 acyl donors. The effects of ultrasonic treatment conditions, including substrate concentration, reaction temperature and time, and enzyme loading, on the insertion of fatty acids into the sn-2 acyl position of MLM lipids were investigated. The data showed that low-frequency ultrasonic treatment could remarkably improve the insertion rate of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) into the sn-2 position of MLM lipids, compared with the conventional treatment method. By increasing the ultrasonic frequency from 20 to 30 KHz, while maintaining power at 150 W, the rate of synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acid and PUFA increased from 23.7% and 26.8% to 26.6% and 32.4% (p < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, ultrasonic treatment reduced the optimum reaction temperature from 45 to 35°C. However, the activity of Lipozyme RM-IM treated with ultrasound considerably declined from 31.10% to 26.90% (p < 0.05) after its fourth cycle, which was lower than that without ultrasonic treatment. This work provokes new routes for the utilization of ultrasonic technology in the synthesis of MLM lipids using different fatty acids as sn-2 acyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityBeibei, ChongqingChina
- College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Yuejie Xie
- College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - David R. Johnson
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusetts
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Zhifei He
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityBeibei, ChongqingChina
| | - Hongjun Li
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityBeibei, ChongqingChina
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24
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Wang X, Zou S, Miu Z, Jin Q, Wang X. Enzymatic preparation of structured triacylglycerols with arachidonic and palmitic acids at the sn-2 position for infant formula use. Food Chem 2019; 283:331-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Characterization of Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerol Molecular Compositions of Marine Fish Oils Rich in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3529682. [PMID: 30112380 PMCID: PMC6077587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3529682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regiospecific characteristics of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in triacylglycerol (TAG) significantly affect the physicochemical and physiological properties of marine fish oils. In this study, the TAG molecular species composition and positional distributions of fatty acids were investigated in three marine fish species rich in omega-3 PUFAs (anchovy, tuna, and salmon). The regiospecific distribution of the fatty acids was measured with the allylmagnesium bromide (AMB) degradation method. The TAG compositions were analyzed with HPLC and the TAG molecular species were identified with APCI/MS. DHA was preferentially distributed at the sn-2 position of TAG, whereas EPA was evenly distributed along the glycerol backbone. The combinations of FAs, DDO, EOP, EPS, DSS, OOS, and PPS were the predominant TAG molecular species, and OOP, DOS, and DPoPo were the characteristic TAG molecules in the anchovy, salmon, and tuna, respectively. These data can be used to distinguish other marine fish species. The TAG composition categorized by TCN and ECN showed well-structured distributions, with double or triple peaks. These findings should greatly extend the use of marine fish oils in food production and may significantly affect the future development of the fish oil industry.
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26
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Xie D, Zou S, Jin Q, Wang X. Synthesis and concentration of 2-monoacylglycerols rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem 2018; 250:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Li J, Vosegaard T, Guo Z. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in lipid analyses: An emerging powerful tool for lipidomics studies. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 68:37-56. [PMID: 28911967 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of lipids in cell, tissue, and organ physiology is crucial; as many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases, are closely related to absorption and metabolism of lipids. Mass spectrometry (MS) based methods are the most developed powerful tools to study the synthetic pathways and metabolic networks of cellular lipids in biological systems; leading to the birth of an emerging subject lipidomics, which has been extensively reviewed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), another powerful analytical tool, which allows the visualization of single atoms and molecules, is receiving increasing attention in lipidomics analyses. However, very little work focusing on lipidomic studies using NMR has been critically reviewed. This paper presents a first comprehensive summary of application of 1H, 13C &31P NMR in lipids and lipidomics analyses. The scientific basis, principles and characteristic diagnostic peaks assigned to specific atoms/molecular structures of lipids are presented. Applications of 2D NMR in mapping and monitoring of the components and their changes in complex lipids systems, as well as alteration of lipid profiling over disease development are also reviewed. The applications of NMR lipidomics in diseases diagnosis and food adulteration are exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Vosegaard
- Danish Center for Ultrahigh-Field NMR Spectroscopy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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28
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Joseph D, Chakraborty K. Enrichment of C20-22 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Refined Liver Oil of Leafscale Gulper Shark, Centrophorus squamosus. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1375588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dexy Joseph
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
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29
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He Y, Qiu C, Guo Z, Huang J, Wang M, Chen B. Production of new human milk fat substitutes by enzymatic acidolysis of microalgae oils from Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysis galbana. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:129-138. [PMID: 28433900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human milk fat substitutes (HMFs) with four kinds of n-3 fatty acid for infant formula were firstly synthesized using triacylglycerols (TAGs) from Nannochloropsis oculata rich in PA at the sn-2 position and free fatty acids (FFAs) from Isochrysis galbana rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs-ALA/SDA/DHA) via solvent-free acidolysis with Novozym 435, Lipozyme 435, TL-IM and RM-IM as biocatalysts. The results show that the resulting HMFs contain total n-3 PUFA of 13.92-17.12% and PA of 59.38-68.13% at the sn-2 position under the optimal conditions (mole ratio FFAs/TAG 3:1, 60°C (Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TL-IM) and 50°C (Lipozyme 435 and RM-IM), lipase loading 10%, reaction time 24h). Moreover, among the tested enzymes, Lipozyme 435, TL-IM, and RM-IM display the fatty acid selectivity towards SDA, LA and ALA, and OA, respectively. Overall, the examined lipases are promising biocatalysts for producing high-value microalgal HMFs in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Changyang Qiu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Mingzi Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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30
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He Y, Li J, Kodali S, Balle T, Chen B, Guo Z. Liquid lipases for enzymatic concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in monoacylglycerols via ethanolysis: Catalytic specificity and parameterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:445-456. [PMID: 27839863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This work examined catalytic specificity and fatty acid selectivity of five liquid lipases C. antarctica lipase A and B (CAL-A/B), and lipase TL (T. lanuginosus), Eversa Transfrom and NS in ethanolysis of fish oil with the aim to concentrate n-3 PUFAs into monoacylglycerols (MAGs) products. Lipase TL, Eversa Transform & NS entail a much faster reaction and produce higher MAGs yield (>30%); whereas CAL-A obtains the highest concentration of n-3 PUFAs/DHA/EPA into MAGs products (88.30%); followed by lipase NS (81.02%). 13C NMR analysis indicates that CAL-B and lipase TL are sn-1,3 specific; but CAL-A and lipase Eversa Transform are non-regiospecific or weak sn-2 specific; which plausibly explains high enrichment effect of the latter two lipases. All liquid lipases are observed reusable for a certain times (lipase Eversa Transform up to 12 times), demonstrating their competitive advantage over immobilized form for industrial application because of their higher activity and cheaper operation cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin He
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sitharam Kodali
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Balle
- Novozymes A/S DK, Krogshojvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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