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Wojtusik M, Vergara P, Villar JC, Ladero M, García-Ochoa F. Enzymatic hydrolysis of several pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses: Fractal kinetic modelling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124050. [PMID: 32889118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of three pre-treated lignocellulosic biomasses -LCB- (wheat straw-WS-, corn stover-CSV- and cardoon stems -CS-) is studied. These biomasses were pre-treated by two methods: diluted sulfuric acid and acid ethanol-water extraction at six severity levels (H values). Pretreated solid fractions were hydrolyzed with commercial enzyme cocktails at standard conditions. A first-order kinetic fractal model was fitted to the experimental results. This model accurately describes the hydrolysis of all biomasses at all pre-treatment conditions studied. The results show that the formal first-order kinetic constant k depends on the biomass nature. The hydrolysis rate increases as the pre-treatment severity does, while the fractal exponent value h decreases. With these pre-treatments, and in terms of k and h, WS is highly reactive and, at medium H with EW pretreatment, highly accessible; CSV has a low reactivity and high accessibility and CS has the lowest reactivity and an increasing accessibility as severity rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wojtusik
- Chemical Engineering & Materials Department. Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Priscilla Vergara
- Chemical Engineering & Materials Department. Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Cellulose & Paper. Forest Research Center - INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Villar
- Laboratory of Cellulose & Paper. Forest Research Center - INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical Engineering & Materials Department. Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Félix García-Ochoa
- Chemical Engineering & Materials Department. Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Escobar ELN, da Silva TA, Pirich CL, Corazza ML, Pereira Ramos L. Supercritical Fluids: A Promising Technique for Biomass Pretreatment and Fractionation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:252. [PMID: 32391337 PMCID: PMC7191036 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses are primarily composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and these biopolymers are bonded together in a heterogeneous matrix that is highly recalcitrant to chemical or biological conversion processes. Thus, an efficient pretreatment technique must be selected and applied to this type of biomass in order to facilitate its utilization in biorefineries. Classical pretreatment methods tend to operate under severe conditions, leading to sugar losses by dehydration and to the release of inhibitory compounds such as furfural (2-furaldehyde), 5-hydroxy-2-methylfurfural (5-HMF), and organic acids. By contrast, supercritical fluids can pretreat lignocellulosic materials under relatively mild pretreatment conditions, resulting in high sugar yields, low production of fermentation inhibitors and high susceptibilities to enzymatic hydrolysis while reducing the consumption of chemicals, including solvents, reagents, and catalysts. This work presents a review of biomass pretreatment technologies, aiming to deliver a state-of-art compilation of methods and results with emphasis on supercritical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephanie Laura Nottar Escobar
- Applied Kinetics and Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alessandre da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cleverton Luiz Pirich
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lúcio Corazza
- Applied Kinetics and Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Jin L, Yu X, Peng C, Guo Y, Zhang L, Xu Q, Zhao ZK, Liu Y, Xie H. Fast dissolution pretreatment of the corn stover in gamma-valerolactone promoted by ionic liquids: Selective delignification and enhanced enzymatic saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:537-544. [PMID: 30248653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution of corn stover was investigated in gamma-valerolactone (GVL) assisted by ionic liquids. An enhanced subsequent enzymatic saccharification was reached with a total reducing sugar yield of 0.69 g.g-1 and a glucose of 0.38 g.g-1 within 24 h. The treatment effects on the physical-chemical features of corn stover in terms of the natural recalcitrance to the subsequent biological digest were systematically investigated using composition analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The structures of the associated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) and ionic liquid extracted lignin (IEL) were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), phosphorous nuclear magnet resonance spectrometry (31P NMR), and heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) for an in-depth understanding of the delignification process and the basic structural information for further lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longming Jin
- Department of New Energy Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Bioenergy Division, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457# Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Chang Peng
- Bioenergy Division, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457# Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanlong Guo
- Department of New Energy Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of New Energy Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of New Energy Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China
| | - Zongbao Kent Zhao
- Bioenergy Division, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457# Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education of China, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of New Energy Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China.
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Wojtusik M, Villar JC, Ladero M, Garcia-Ochoa F. Physico-chemical kinetic modelling of hydrolysis of a steam-explosion pre-treated corn stover: A two-step approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:592-598. [PMID: 30138871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A physico-chemical kinetic model for the hydrolysis of pre-treated corn stover is proposed. This model takes into account two reactions in series, the hydrolysis of cellulose to cellobiose and the production of glucose from cellobiose. Experiments have been carried out with an industrial enzymatic cocktail from Trichoderma reesei containing endo and exoglucanases and a very low activity of β-glucosidase. Kinetic parameters were calculated by fitting the proposed model to experimental data of cellulose and glucose concentrations with time. The kinetic parameters fulfilled all relevant statistical and physical criteria. The kinetic model has been validated with published saccharification data regarding differently pre-treated corn stover and enzymatic cocktail, in this case with a very high β-glucosidase activity (as it is common in modern industrial cellulase cocktails). In both cases, the kinetic model proposed could be fitted very appropriately to cellulose hydrolysis data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wojtusik
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Villar
- Laboratory of Cellulose and Paper, INIA, Forest Research Center, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felix Garcia-Ochoa
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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de la Torre I, Ravelo M, Segarra S, Tortajada M, Santos VE, Ladero M. Study on the effects of several operational variables on the enzymatic batch saccharification of orange solid waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:906-915. [PMID: 28931207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, batch enzyme-aided extraction and enzymatic saccharification of blade-milled orange waste was studied. The operation variables for this process were thoroughly analysed. It was determined that batch runs with initial pH values of 5.0 and 5.2 controlled during the first hour, 50°C and 300-500r.p.m. agitation resulted in the best yields, with a limited total and partial first-order enzyme deactivation (for cellulases and polygalacturonidase, respectively). Orange peel waste (OPW) at 6.7% w/w dry solid, 0.22 filter paper units (FPU)/g DS and proportional activities of other enzymes led to over 40g/L free monosaccharides and global yields to glucose over 80%. When using 10.1% w/w DS in these conditions, glucose yield was 63%, with total monosaccharide concentration on top of 50g/L. Similar concentrations were obtained by additional partial drying of OPW to 60% humidity at DS/L ratios near 7.5% (glucose yield >80%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de la Torre
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianela Ravelo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Segarra
- BIOPOLIS, S.L., Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- BIOPOLIS, S.L., Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria E Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Orange juice production generates a very high quantity of residues (Orange Peel Waste or OPW-50–60% of total weight) that can be used for cattle feed as well as feedstock for the extraction or production of essential oils, pectin and nutraceutics and several monosaccharides by saccharification, inversion and enzyme-aided extraction. As in all solid wastes, simple pretreatments can enhance these processes. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatments and knife milling have been analyzed with enzyme saccharification at different dry solid contents as the selection test: simple knife milling seemed more appropriate, as no added pretreatment resulted in better final glucose yields. A Taguchi optimization study on dry solid to liquid content and the composition of the enzymatic cocktail was undertaken. The amounts of enzymatic preparations were set to reduce their impact on the economy of the process; however, as expected, the highest amounts resulted in the best yields to glucose and other monomers. Interestingly, the highest content in solid to liquid (11.5% on dry basis) rendered the best yields. Additionally, in search for process economy with high yields, operational conditions were set: medium amounts of hemicellulases, polygalacturonases and β-glucosidases. Finally, a fractal kinetic modelling of results for all products from the saccharification process indicated very high activities resulting in the liberation of glucose, fructose and xylose, and very low activities to arabinose and galactose. High activity on pectin was also observed, but, for all monomers liberated initially at a fast rate, high hindrances appeared during the saccharification process.
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