1
|
Li Y, Liu M, Tang Q, Liang K, Sun Y, Yu Y, Lou Y, Liu Y, Yu H. Hydrogen-transfer strategy in lignin refinery: Towards sustainable and versatile value-added biochemicals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301912. [PMID: 38294404 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, the most prevalent natural source of polyphenols on Earth, offers substantial possibilities for the conversion into aromatic compounds, which is critical for attaining sustainability and carbon neutrality. The hydrogen-transfer method has garnered significant interest owing to its environmental compatibility and economic viability. The efficacy of this approach is contingent upon the careful selection of catalytic and hydrogen-donating systems that decisively affect the yield and selectivity of the monomeric products resulting from lignin degradation. This paper highlights the hydrogen-transfer technique in lignin refinery, with a specific focus on the influence of hydrogen donors on the depolymerization pathways of lignin. It delineates the correlation between the structure and activity of catalytic hydrogen-transfer arrangements and the gamut of lignin-derived biochemicals, utilizing data from lignin model compounds, separated lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass. Additionally, the paper delves into the advantages and future directions of employing the hydrogen-transfer approach for lignin conversion. In essence, this concept investigation illuminates the efficacy of the hydrogen-transfer paradigm in lignin valorization, offering key insights and strategic directives to maximize lignin's value sustainably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Kaixia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yaxu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yuhan Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yongzhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen Z, Shi C, Liu F, Wang W, Ai M, Huang Z, Zhang X, Pan L, Zou J. Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts for Lignin Hydrogenolysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306693. [PMID: 37964410 PMCID: PMC10767463 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the main component of lignocellulose and the largest source of aromatic substances on the earth. Biofuel and bio-chemicals derived from lignin can reduce the use of petroleum products. Current advances in lignin catalysis conversion have facilitated many of progress, but understanding the principles of catalyst design is critical to moving the field forward. In this review, the factors affecting the catalysts (including the type of active metal, metal particle size, acidity, pore size, the nature of the oxide supports, and the synergistic effect of the metals) are systematically reviewed based on the three most commonly used supports (carbon, oxides, and zeolites) in lignin hydrogenolysis. The catalytic performance (selectivity and yield of products) is evaluated, and the emerging catalytic mechanisms are introduced to better understand the catalyst design guidelines. Finally, based on the progress of existing studies, future directions for catalyst design in the field of lignin depolymerization are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Chengxiang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Minhua Ai
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Zhenfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Lun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Ji‐Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao L, Wang C, Liu Y, Wang M, Wang L, Xu F. Efficient depolymerization of lignin through microwave-assisted Ru/C catalyst cooperated with metal chloride in methanol/formic acid media. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1082341. [PMID: 36588935 PMCID: PMC9800509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1082341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, an abundant aromatic biopolymer, has the potential to produce various biofuels and chemicals through biorefinery activities and is expected to benefit the future circular economy. Microwave-assisted efficient degradation of lignin in methanol/formic acid over Ru/C catalyst cooperated with metal chloride was investigated, concerning the effect of type and dosage of metal chloride, dosage of Ru/C, reaction temperature, and reaction time on depolymerized product yield and distribution. Results showed that 91.1 wt% yield of bio-oil including 13.4 wt% monomers was obtained under the optimum condition. Yields of guaiacol-type compounds and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran were promoted in the presence of ZnCl2. Formic acid played two roles: (1) acid-catalyzed cleavage of linkages; (2) acted as an in situ hydrogen donor for hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of Ru/C. A possible mechanism for lignin degradation was proposed. This work will provide a beneficial approach for efficient depolymerization of lignin and controllable product distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Yu Liu, ; Feng Xu,
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Yu Liu, ; Feng Xu,
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Luyan Wang
- Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Yu Liu, ; Feng Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Wu J, Shi L, Hou L, Wang X, Wang X. The catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of lignin to produce aromatics over nickel metal hydrotalcite catalysts. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
5
|
Effective depolymerization of alkali lignin using an Attapulgite-Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(ATP-CZO)-supported cobalt catalyst in ethanol/isopropanol media. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Insights into depolymerization pathways and mechanism of alkali lignin over a Ni1.2–ZrO2/WO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
7
|
Solvent Effect in Catalytic Lignin Hydrogenolysis. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The solvent effect in the catalytic depolymerization of the three-dimensional network of lignin is discussed based on recent reports in this field. Also, the results of an experimental study on the depolymerization of kraft lignin are presented. The cleavage of ether bonds within the lignin network was promoted using ruthenium and platinum on activated carbon (Ru/C and Pt/C), two common hydrogenolysis catalysts. Methanol was identified as a suitable solvent. Noteworthy, under the chosen reaction conditions, the catalysts showed significant resilience to the sulfur present in kraft lignin. The conversion of kraft lignin to lignin oil was strongly affected by the reaction conditions. Although the Ru/C catalyst provided the highest yield at supercritical conditions, a maximum yield was obtained for the Pt/C catalyst at near-critical conditions. The formation of guaiacol, 4-alkylguaiacols, isoeugenol, and 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol is attributed to the solubility of oligomeric lignin fragments in the solvent and the relative propensity of specific groups to adsorb on the catalyst surface.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sang Y, Chen H, Khalifeh M, Li Y. Catalysis and chemistry of lignin depolymerization in alcohol solvents - A review. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
9
|
Carbon-Based Nanocatalysts (CnCs) for Biomass Valorization and Hazardous Organics Remediation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101679. [PMID: 35630900 PMCID: PMC9147642 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase of the demand in merchandise and fuels augments the need of modern approaches for the mass-production of renewable chemicals derived from abundant feedstocks, like biomass, as well as for the water and soil remediation pollution resulting from the anthropogenic discharge of organic compounds. Towards these directions and within the concept of circular (bio)economy, the development of efficient and sustainable catalytic processes is of paramount importance. Within this context, the design of novel catalysts play a key role, with carbon-based nanocatalysts (CnCs) representing one of the most promising class of materials. In this review, a wide range of CnCs utilized for biomass valorization towards valuable chemicals production, and for environmental remediation applications are summarized and discussed. Emphasis is given in particular on the catalytic production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from cellulose or starch-rich food waste, the hydrogenolysis of lignin towards high bio-oil yields enriched predominately in alkyl and oxygenated phenolic monomers, the photocatalytic, sonocatalytic or sonophotocatalytic selective partial oxidation of 5-HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and the decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous matrixes. The carbonaceous materials were utilized as stand-alone catalysts or as supports of (nano)metals are various types of activated micro/mesoporous carbons, graphene/graphite and the chemically modified counterparts like graphite oxide and reduced graphite oxide, carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, and fullerenes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li P, Ren J, Jiang Z, Huang L, Wu C, Wu W. Review on the preparation of fuels and chemicals based on lignin. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10289-10305. [PMID: 35424980 PMCID: PMC8972114 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01341j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is by far the most abundant natural renewable aromatic polymer in nature, and its reserves are second only to cellulose. In addition to the rich carbon content, the structure of lignin contains functional groups such as benzene rings, methoxyl groups, and phenolic hydroxyl groups. Lignin degradation has become one of the high value, high quality and high efficiency methods to convert lignin, which is of great significance to alleviating the current energy shortage and environmental crisis. This article introduces the hydrolysis methods of lignin in acidic, alkaline, ionic liquids and supercritical fluids, reviews the heating rate, the source of lignin species and the effects of heating rate on the pyrolysis of lignin, and briefly describes the metal catalysis, oxidation methods such as electrochemical degradation and photocatalytic oxidation, and degradation reduction methods using hydrogen and hydrogen supply reagents. The lignin degradation methods for the preparation of fuels and chemicals are systematically summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods, the selectivity under different conditions and the degradation efficiency of different catalytic combination systems are compared. In this paper, a new approach to improve the degradation efficiency is envisioned in order to contribute to the efficient utilization and high value conversion of lignin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China.,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Jianpeng Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China.,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Zhengwei Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Lijing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China.,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Caiwen Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China.,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China.,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Catalytic Liquefaction of Highly Inert Refining Residue over an Attapulgite-Supported Niobium Catalyst. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
12
|
Gil A. Current insights into lignocellulose related waste valorization. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
13
|
Depolymerization and Hydrogenation of Organosolv Eucalyptus Lignin by Using Nickel Raney Catalyst. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic biomass to obtain biofuels and chemicals produces a large amount of lignin as a byproduct. Lignin valorization into chemicals needs efficient conversion processes to be developed. In this work, hydrocracking of organosolv lignin was performed by using nickel Raney catalyst. Organosolv lignin was obtained from the pretreatment of eucalyptus wood at 170 °C for 1 h by using 1/100/100 (w/v/v) ratio of biomass/oxalic acid solution (0.4% w/w)/1-butanol. The resulting organic phase of lignin in 1-butanol was used in hydrogenation tests. The conversion of lignin was carried out with a batch reactor equipped with a 0.3 L vessel with adjustable internal stirrer and heat control. The reactor was pressurized at 5 bar with hydrogen at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 250 °C and kept for 30 min. Operative conditions were optimized to achieve high conversion in monomers and to minimize the loss of solvent. At the best performance conditions, about 10 wt % of the lignin was solubilized into monomeric phenols. The need to find a trade-off between lignin conversion and solvent side reaction was highlighted.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang H, Fu S, Du X, Deng Y. Advances in Versatile Nanoscale Catalyst for the Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2268-2294. [PMID: 33811470 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past five years, biomass-derived biofuels and biochemicals were widely studied both in academia and industry as promising alternatives to petroleum. In this Review, the latest progress of the synthesis and fabrication of porous nanocatalysts that are used in catalytic transformations involving hydrogenolysis of lignin is reviewed in terms of their textural properties, catalytic activities, and stabilities. A particular emphasis is made with regard to the catalyst design for the hydrogenolysis of lignin and/or lignin model compounds. Furthermore, the effects of different supports on the lignin hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of lignin hydrogenolysis over nanomaterial-supported catalysts are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and RBI at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, USA
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xu Du
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and RBI at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
In this paper, liquefaction of sodium lignosulfonate (SL) over SO42−/TiO2 catalyst in methanol/glycerol was investigated. Effects of temperature, time, the ratio of methanol to glycerol and catalyst dosage were also studied. It was indicated that optimal reaction condition (the temperature of 160 °C, the time of 1 h, solvent ratio (methanol/glycerol) of 2:1, catalyst dosage of 5 wt % (based on lignin input)) was obtained after sets of experiments. The maximum yields of liquefaction (89.8%) and bio-oil (86.8%) were gained under the optimal reaction conditions. Bio-oil was analyzed by elemental analysis, FT-IR and gas chromatogram and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was shown that the functional groups of bio-oil were enriched and calorific value of bio-oil was increased. Finally, it can be seen from GC/MS analysis that the type of products included alcohols, ethers, phenols, ketones, esters and acids. Phenolic compounds mainly consisted of G (guaiacyl)-type phenols.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao B, Hu Y, Gao J, Zhao G, Ray MB, Xu CC. Recent Advances in Hydroliquefaction of Biomass for Bio-oil Production Using In Situ Hydrogen Donors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yulin Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jihui Gao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Madhumita B. Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sustainable Process for the Depolymerization/Oxidation of Softwood and Hardwood Kraft Lignins Using Hydrogen Peroxide under Ambient Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102329. [PMID: 32429419 PMCID: PMC7287583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated a sustainable and cost-effective approach to depolymerize/oxidize softwood (SW) and hardwood (HW) kraft lignins using concentrated hydrogen peroxide at temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 °C, in the absence of catalysts or organic solvents. The degree of lignin depolymerization could be simply controlled by reaction time, and no further separation process was needed at the completion of the treatment. The obtained depolymerized lignin products were comprehensively characterized by GPC-UV, FTIR, 31P-NMR, TGA, Py-GC/MS and elemental analysis. The weight-average molecular weights (Mw) of the depolymerized lignins obtained from SW or HW lignin at a lignin/H2O2 mass ratio of 1:1 after treatment for 120 h at room temperature (≈25 °C) were approximately 1420 Da. The contents of carboxylic acid groups in the obtained depolymerized lignins were found to significantly increase compared with those of the untreated raw lignins. Moreover, the depolymerized lignin products had lower thermal decomposition temperatures than those of the raw lignins, as expected, owing to the greatly reduced Mw. These findings represent a novel solution to lignin depolymerization for the production of chemicals that can be utilized as a bio-substitute for petroleum-based polyols in polyurethane production.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kong L, Zhang L, Gu J, Gou L, Xie L, Wang Y, Dai L. Catalytic hydrotreatment of kraft lignin into aromatic alcohols over nickel-rhenium supported on niobium oxide catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122582. [PMID: 31877480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct hydrogenolysis of Kraft lignin was catalyzed over a series of supported Ni or Re catalysts in ethanol solvent. The best results showed that the oil yield of 96.70 wt% was obtained with less char formation at 330 °C for 3 h over 5Ni-5Re/Nb2O5 catalyst. Product analysis demonstrated that the monomer yield of 35.41 wt% was given under mild condition, and low-molecular-weight aromatic alcohols were the main component in the liquid products. Ethanol was found to be more effective in H2 production and facilitated the transformation of phenolic monomers to aromatic chemicals. The results confirmed that the optimal 5Ni-5Re/Nb2O5 catalyst had superior oxophilicity and appropriate acid sites, which improved the ability to directly remove the methoxyl and hydroxyl groups of lignin-derived phenolic compounds without aromatic ring hydrogenation. In addition, the temperature, time and solvent effects on the lignin depolymerization were also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Green Process, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Green Process, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Green Process, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Gou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Green Process, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Green Process, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Green Process, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liyi Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Green Process, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No.500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghoreishi S, Barth T, Hermundsgård DH. Effect of Reaction Conditions on Catalytic and Noncatalytic Lignin Solvolysis in Water Media Investigated for a 5 L Reactor. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19265-19278. [PMID: 31763550 PMCID: PMC6868905 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The high content of oxygen in the lignin polymer and the prevalence of phenolic functional groups make the conversion of lignin to fuels and value-added products with well-defined chemical properties challenging. The lignin-to-liquid process using a water/formic acid reaction medium has been shown to convert the lignin polymer to monomers with a molecular weight range of 300-600 Da. The bio-oil comprises a complex mixture of monomeric phenols, aromatics, and aliphatic hydrocarbons with a high H/C and low O/C ratio. This study investigates the effect of the stirring rate, level of loading, and catalyst at 305 and 350 °C in a 5 L pilot scale reactor. The oil yields are found to be highest for experiments conducted using the maximum stirring rate, maximum level of loading, and Ru/Al2O3 catalyst with yields of more than 69 wt % on lignin intake. Goethite as a catalyst does not show good conversion efficiency at either reaction temperatures. The carbon recovery is highest for products produced at 305 °C. Furthermore, results from solid phase extraction on a DSC-CN solid phase show that 65-92 wt % the bio-oils can be recovered as fractions separated based on polarity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang D, Li G, Zhang C, Wang Z, Li X. Nickel nanoparticles inlaid in lignin-derived carbon as high effective catalyst for lignin depolymerization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121629. [PMID: 31220768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ni nanoparticles inlaid in lignin-derived carbon constructing the "inlaid type" Ni/C-I was reported to improve stability and adjust metal-support interaction of lignin hydrogenolysis catalyst. The Ni/C-I was further heat treated in air to prepare Ni/C-R so as to re-expose the blocked active sites by carbon species. A lot of characterization techniques were carried out to confirm the "inlaid structure" of the catalysts. The lignin depolymerization results demonstrated that the Ni/C-R had better catalytic performance than traditional "supported type" Ni/C, 23.3% aromatic monomer yield and 82.4% bio-oil yield were achieved. Moreover, the mechanism studies with lignin model compound revealed that Ni/C-R had better bond breaking ability than Ni/C, even CC bond could be cleaved. The electron effect could be responsible for that, since the electrons could transfer from Ni0 to carbon support for Ni/C-R, which could improve the bond breaking ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Guangci Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Chuanhui Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Xuebing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matsagar BM, Wang Z, Sakdaronnarong C, Chen SS, Tsang DCW, Wu KC. Effect of Solvent, Role of Formic Acid and Rh/C Catalyst for the Efficient Liquefaction of Lignin. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng‐Yen Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMahidol University Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Season S. Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong ZS946 P. R. China
| | - Daniel C. W. Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong ZS946 P. R. China
| | - Kevin C.‐W. Wu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT)National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University (NTU-MST) Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guo J, Ma YL, Yu JY, Gao YJ, Ma NX, Wu XY. Highly selective cleavage C-O ether bond of lignin model compounds over Ni/CaO-H-ZSM-5 in ethanol. BMC Chem 2019; 13:36. [PMID: 31384784 PMCID: PMC6661968 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-phenylethanol (β-O-4), 2-methoxyphenyl anisole (α-O-4) and 4-phenoxyphenol (4-O-5) were selected as typical lignin model compounds. Given the effectiveness of traditional acid-base catalysts for lignin depolymerisation, a novel Ni/CaO-H-ZSM-5(60) catalyst was prepared to investigate the difficulty level of C-O bond of three model compounds cleavage in ethanol. It was observed that Ni/CaO-H-ZSM-5(60) had prominent performance on the C-O bond cleavage at very mild conditions (140 °C, 1 MPa H2). Among them, the C-O bond of α-O-4 and β-O-4 could be completely cleaved within 60 min. Although the C-O bond of 4-O-5 had high bond energy, 41.2% of conversion was occurred in 60 min. The introduction of CaO could regulate the acidity of H-ZSM-5 to enhance the ability to break C-O bonds. Moreover, the possible pathways of C-O ether bonds in three lignin model compounds cleavage were proposed in order to selectively obtain target products from the raw lignin degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Helanshan Rd. 539, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Yu L Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Helanshan Rd. 539, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Jia Y Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Helanshan Rd. 539, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Yu J Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Helanshan Rd. 539, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Ning X Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Helanshan Rd. 539, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Xiao Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Helanshan Rd. 539, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang F, Yu YZ, Chen Y, Yang CY, Yang YY. One-step alcoholysis of lignin into small-molecular aromatics: Influence of temperature, solvent, and catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00363. [PMID: 31440458 PMCID: PMC6698935 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactant suspension mode is an effective strategy to deoxy-liquefaction of lignin. The catalyst Cu-C has the optimal catalytic activity and selectivity in methanol. The catalyst Fe-SiC possesses the optimal catalytic deoxygenation in ethanol. The cleavages of C—O ether bonds and C—C bonds directly promote the formation of small-molecular aromatics.
Lignin valorization is a challenge because of its complex structure and high thermal stability. Supercritical alcoholysis of lignin without external hydrogen in a self-made high-pressure reactor is investigated under different temperatures (450–500 °C) and solvents as well as catalysts by using a reactant suspension mode. Small-molecular arenes and mono-phenols (C7-C12) are generated under short residence time of 30 min. High temperature (500 °C) favors efficient deoxy-liquefaction of lignin (70%) and formation of small-molecular arenes (C6-C9). Solvents methanol and ethanol demonstrate much more synergistic effect on efficient deoxy-liquefaction of lignin than propanol. The catalyst Cu-C has the optimal activity and selectivity in methanol (70% of conversion, 83.93% of arenes), whereas Fe-SiC possesses the optimal catalytic deoxygenation in ethanol, resulting in the formation of arenes other than phenols. Further analysis indicates that lignin is converted into arenes by efficient cleavages of C—O ether bonds and C—C bonds under high temperature and pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - You-Zhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Yigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Yuan-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu C, Dou X, Li W, Liu X, Li Q, Ma J, Liu Q, Ma L. Efficient depolymerization of Kraft lignin to liquid fuels over an amorphous titanium-zirconium mixed oxide supported partially reduced nickel-cobalt catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 284:293-301. [PMID: 30952057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of non-precious metal/metal oxide nickel-cobalt catalysts was prepared for a highly efficient depolymerization of Kraft lignin (KL) into liquid fuels using amorphous TiZr-oxide (Ti1-yZryO2) as a carrier. The effects of Ni-NiOx, Co-CoOx, NiCo-NiCoOx, NiCoOx and NiCo catalysts supported on amorphous TiZr-oxide carrier on KL depolymerization were investigated. It was found that the NiCo-NiCoOx/Ti1-yZryO2 catalyst is optimal for converting KL to petroleum ether (PE)-soluble product (mainly composed of monomers and dimers) in an 80.2% high yield at 320 °C for 24 h, with excellent reusability and a low formation of char. Under these conditions, the higher heating value (HHV) increased from 25.11 to 33.89 MJ/kg. A meticulous study on NiCo-NiCoOx/Ti1-yZryO2 catalysts revealed that the synergistic effect among Lewis acid sites, basic sites and metal active sites played an important role in obtaining high yields of monomers and low rates of char formation during lignin conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Zhu
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Dou
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Xiaohao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qingqing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jianru Ma
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qiying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Longlong Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang W, Li X, Du X, Deng Y, Dai H. Effective low-temperature hydrogenolysis of lignin using carbon-supported ruthenium and formic acid as reducing agent. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
26
|
Hu J, Zhang S, Xiao R, Jiang X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Lu P. Catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin into monophenols over platinum-rhenium supported on titanium dioxide using isopropanol as in situ hydrogen source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:228-233. [PMID: 30735932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using isopropanol as an in situ hydrogen donor, catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin into monomeric phenols was studied at mild conditions. The performance of catalysts and the effects of H2, temperature, and time on depolymerization of acid extracted birch lignin (ABL) were extensively examined. Platinum-rhenium supported on titanium dioxide (PtRe/TiO2) exhibited much higher activity on disrupting CO bonds than Pd/C, HZSM-5, Pt/TiO2, and Re/TiO2. 18.71 wt% monophenols was achieved for depolymerization of ABL over PtRe/TiO2 at 240 °C for 12 h with He. 4-Propylsyringol had the highest yield of 7.48 wt%. 2D HSQC NMR analysis reveals that β-O-4 bonds have been fully disrupted during depolymerization. Addition of H2 led to less monophenols, likely due to the competitive adsorption of active sites on catalysts. Structure-reactivity analysis based on six representative lignins shows that the total yields of monophenols were highly linearly correlated with the β-O-4 contents (R2 = 0.97).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yahui Sun
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu Z, Zhao X, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang F. Ethanol/1,4-dioxane/formic acid as synergistic solvents for the conversion of lignin into high-value added phenolic monomers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:187-194. [PMID: 30703636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a mixture solvent of ethanol/1,4-dioxane/formic acid (FA) is firstly reported to efficaciously depolymerize industrial lignin to produce high-value added phenolic monomers, in which 1,4-dioxane acts as lignin solvent, ethanol acts as solvent, reactant and in situ hydrogen donor, and FA acts as acid catalyst and in situ hydrogen donor. The effects of solvent composition and reaction conditions on the lignin conversion and product yields were explored, resulting in a low residue yield of 6.57% and a high phenolic monomers yield of 22.4% at 300 °C for 2 h when Kraft lignin was depolymerized in the mixture solvent of ethanol/1,4-dioxane/FA (10:10:2, v/v). Moreover, possible reaction mechanism on lignin depolymerization in the mixture solvent was illustrated, suggesting a favorable synergistic effect among the three components of the mixture solvent. In addition, the satisfactory applicability of the mixture solvent was approved through the feedstock adaptability and recyclability experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xinxu Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis Reactions for Lignin Valorization to Fuels and Chemicals. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant renewable source of chemicals and fuels. Lignin, one of biomass main structural components being widely available as by-product in the pulp and paper industry and in the process of second generation bioethanol, can provide phenolic and aromatic compounds that can be utilized for the manufacture of a wide variety of polymers, fuels, and other high added value products. The effective depolymerisation of lignin into its primary building blocks remains a challenge with regard to conversion degree and monomers selectivity and stability. This review article focuses on the state of the art in the liquid phase reductive depolymerisation of lignin under relatively mild conditions via catalytic hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation reactions, discussing the effect of lignin type/origin, hydrogen donor solvents, and related transfer hydrogenation or reforming pathways, catalysts, and reaction conditions.
Collapse
|
29
|
Li W, Dou X, Zhu C, Wang J, Chang HM, Jameel H, Li X. Production of liquefied fuel from depolymerization of kraft lignin over a novel modified nickel/H-beta catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:346-354. [PMID: 30195227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel modified nickel/H-beta (Ni/DeAl-beta) catalyst, which has active acidic sites and hydrogen binding sites, was prepared and used to produce liquefied fuel from lignin. The bifunctional Ni/DeAl-beta catalyst efficiently converted kraft lignin into liquefied fuel due to the synergistic effect of aluminum Lewis acid sites and nickel hydrogen binding sites. At a nickel content of 0.6 mmol/gzeolite, the Ni/DeAl-beta catalyst gave a high liquid product yield of 88.6% at 300 °C for 36 h. Most of the liquid product was dissolved in petroleum ether (73% of 88.6%), which was mainly composed of monomeric and dimeric degradation products. Under these conditions, the higher heating values (HHV) increased from 24.9 MJ/kg for kraft lignin to 32.0 MJ/kg for the liquid product. These results demonstrated the bifunctional Ni/DeAl-beta catalyst could be an efficient catalyst for lignin to liquefied fuel conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Li
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Dou
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jindong Wang
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Hou-Min Chang
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Xiaosen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang A, Song H. Maximizing the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from lignin conversion by coupling methane activation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:505-513. [PMID: 30114670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from lignin conversion by coupling methane activation without solvent was investigated over Zn-Ga modified zeolite catalyst. The co-loading of Zn and Ga greatly improves lignin conversion, arene yield along with BTEX (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) selectivity, which gives 37.4 wt% yield of aromatic hydrocarbons with 62.2 wt% selectivity towards BTEX at 400 °C and 3.0 MPa. Methane presence has a negligible impact on lignin conversion, but improves arene yield and BTEX selectivity. Liquid 13C, 1H and 2H NMR investigations confirm the incorporation of methane into the final arene products. The NMR results reveal that methane might be incorporated into both the methyl group and aromatic ring, possibly via methylation of aryl moieties and co-aromatization of alkyl moieties. Pyridine and ammonia as probes for surface acidity analysis of the developed catalysts demonstrate that HZSM5 modification with Zn and Ga species could redistribute BAS (Brønsted acid sites) and LAS (Lewis acid sites) and significantly increase the fraction of weak acidic sites on the catalyst, rendering better catalytic performance on the depolymerization of lignin to arene products with higher BTEX selectivity. The results reported in this work may open a novel route to a promising technique for lignin valorization into aromatics and cost-efficient utilizations of biomass and natural gas resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang C, Zhang S, Wu S, Cao Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Jiang F, Lyu J. Study on an alternative approach for the preparation of wood vinegar from the hydrothermolysis process of cotton stalk. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:231-238. [PMID: 29413928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The yield and pH of the refined aqueous product (RAP) prepared by the hydrothermolysis of cotton stalk (CS) were investigated using response surface methodology with the variation of three parameters: CS/water ratio of 0.05-0.15w/w, temperature of 180-280 °C, and retention time of 0-30 min. At the best formulation (0.05w/w, 264.36 °C and 0 min), the yield and pH of RAP were 82.8% and 3.95, respectively. Additionally, the organic compounds contained in RAP prepared under the respective optimal formulation (pH: 0.05w/w, 251.43 °C and 0 min, yield: 0.05w/w, 280.00 °C and 0 min) were determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results show that the kinds of compounds in RAP are identical or similar to those in the wood vinegar (WV), but their contents is slightly higher than that of the WV. In sum, it is feasible that RAP has the enormous potential to be utilized as WV probably because of its higher quality and value than WV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiwei Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Shouyu Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Shunyan Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Zhongyao Cao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Fenghao Jiang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Junfu Lyu
- Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qin H, Jian R, Bai J, Tang J, Zhou Y, Zhu B, Zhao D, Ni Z, Wang L, Liu W, Zhou Q, Li X. Influence of Molecular Weight on Structure and Catalytic Characteristics of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Derived from Lignin. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1350-1356. [PMID: 31457970 PMCID: PMC6641423 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bio-renewable lignin has been used as a carbon source for the preparation of porous carbon materials. Nevertheless, up to now, there are few studies about the influence of molecular weight of lignin on the structure and morphology of the ordered mesoporous carbon. Here, we synthesized the ordered mesoporous carbon derived from different molecular weights of lignin and Pluronic F127. Fortunately, we found that molecular weight is an important factor for obtaining highly ordered channels, high specific surface area, and ordered mesoporous carbon. More importantly, the narrow well-defined mesoporous channel could exert a spatial restriction effect to some extent, which can serve as nanoreactors for efficient reactions and enhance catalytic performance. The highly ordered mesoporous carbon from lignin is a good candidate for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst supports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengfei Qin
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Ruihong Jian
- Department
of Industrial Catalysis, Petro China Fushun
Petrochemical Company Catalyst Plant, Fushun 113008, China
| | - Jirong Bai
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianghong Tang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Binglong Zhu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Zhijiang Ni
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liangbiao Wang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Weiqiao Liu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Quanfa Zhou
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Efficient depolymerization of lignin in supercritical ethanol by a combination of metal and base catalysts. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|