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Abinandan S, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Phenotypic changes in microalgae at acidic pH mediate their tolerance to higher concentrations of transition metals. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 2:100081. [PMID: 35028626 PMCID: PMC8714768 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-tolerant microalgae were grown at pH 3.5 and 6.7 in presence of heavy metals (HMs). HMs-induced phenotypic changes in microalgae were evaluated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Higher HMs bioavailability affected microalgae more at pH 6.7 than pH 3.5. Acclimation of microalgal strains to acidic pH significantly alleviates HMs toxicity.
Acclimatory phenotypic response is a common phenomenon in microalgae, particularly during heavy metal stress. It is not clear so far whether acclimating to one abiotic stressor can alleviate the stress imposed by another abiotic factor. The intent of the present study was to demonstrate the implication of acidic pH in effecting phenotypic changes that facilitate microalgal tolerance to biologically excess concentrations of heavy metals. Two microalgal strains, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, were exposed to biologically excess concentrations of Cu (0.50 and 1.0 mg L‒1), Fe (5 and 10 mg L‒1), Mn (5 and 10 mg L‒1) and Zn (2, 5 and 10 mg L‒1) supplemented to the culture medium at pH 3.5 and 6.7. Chlorophyll autofluorescence and biochemical fingerprinting using FTIR-spectroscopy were used to assess the microalgal strains for phenotypic changes that mediate tolerance to metals. Both the strains responded to acidic pH by effecting differential changes in biochemicals such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Both the microalgal strains, when acclimated to low pH of 3.5, exhibited an increase in protein (< 2-fold) and lipid (> 1.5-fold). Strain MAS1 grown at pH 3.5 showed a reduction (1.5-fold) in carbohydrates while strain MAS3 exhibited a 17-fold increase in carbohydrates as compared to their growth at pH 6.7. However, lower levels of biologically excess concentrations of the selected transition metals at pH 6.7 unveiled positive or no effect on physiology and biochemistry in microalgal strains, whereas growth with higher metal concentrations at this pH resulted in decreased chlorophyll content. Although the bioavailability of free-metal ions is higher at pH 3.5, as revealed by Visual MINTEQ model, no adverse effect was observed on chlorophyll content in cells grown at pH 3.5 than at pH 6.7. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of Fe, Mn and Zn significantly upregulated the carbohydrate metabolism, but not protein and lipid synthesis, in both strains at pH 3.5 as compared to their growth at pH 6.7. Overall, the impact of pH 3.5 on growth response suggested that acclimation of microalgal strains to acidic pH alleviates metal toxicity by triggering physiological and biochemical changes in microalgae for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Divya Kuravi S, Venkata Mohan S. Mixotrophic cultivation of isolated Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7: Photosynthetic response and product profiling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125798. [PMID: 34469817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The isolated Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 was mixotrophically cultivated in flat panel photobioreactor (FP-PBR) towards understanding the photosynthetic transient and product profile. Biomass productivity attained a maximum of 45 mg L-1d-1, with COD, nitrate and phosphate removal of 83.3%, 84.05%, and 74.98% respectively. Messastrum sp. showed good assimilation of proteins (124 mg g-1) (w/w), carbohydrates (119 mg g-1) (w/w) and lipids (26%) (w/w). The myristoleic acid (C14:1-39.1%) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0-29.1%) are abundant fatty acids with therapeutic, food and feed applications. The cellular ultrastructure studies revealed facile arrangement of chloroplast and starch covered pyrenoids supporting increased carbohydrate accumulation. Photosystem II (PSII) [Y(II), ETR(II), Y(NPQ), and Y(NO)] and photosystem I (PSI) [Y(I), ETR(I), Y(NA), and Y(ND)] transients showed improved photosynthetic efficiency directing microalgae growth and biomass productivity. Higher Fv/Fm values indicates relatively good water splitting and carbon fixation at PSII and PSI facilitating improved photosynthetic electron transport and synthesis of value-added products thereby enabling bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Divya Kuravi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Ravi Kiran B, Venkata Mohan S. Photosynthetic transients in Chlorella sorokiniana during phycoremediation of dairy wastewater under distinct light intensities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125593. [PMID: 34311176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to understand the photosynthetic transients of Chlorella sorokiniana SVMBIOEN2 during treatment of dairy wastewater under different light intensities (100, 150, and 200 µmol m-2s-1) in mixotrophic mode. Light intensities showed marked influence on photosystem behavior, lipid profile, and organic pollutant removal. Analysis of Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient including Fv/Fm, ETo/RC, TRo/RC, and Abs/RC showed better photosystem efficiency at 100 µmol m-2s-1 operations. OJIP curve fitting depicted a positive L-band at 150 µmol m-2s-1 indicating lower kinetic energy of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centres at high light intensities. Better photosynthetic activity at 100 µmol m-2s-1 operations resulted in good assimilation of biomass (2.3 g L-1), carbohydrates (10.2 mg g-1), and proteins (14 mg g-1) with a significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (85%). Phycoremediation of dairy wastewater accumulates predominantly monounsaturated fatty acids followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids showing the application of C. sorokiniana in nutraceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boda Ravi Kiran
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Chu F, Cheng J, Hou W, Yang W, Zhang P, Park JY, Kim H, Xu L. Fecitrate converted from Fe 2O 3 particles in coal-fired flue gas promoted microalgal biomass and lipid productivities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143405. [PMID: 33199017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to reutilize Fe2O3 particles in flue gas from coal-fired power plant as a ferrum nutrient for improving microalgae growth, Na-Citrate was proposed to chelate FeCl3 derived from Fe2O3 and HCl reactions to promote biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella PY-ZU1. Fe-Citrate gave much higher biomass and lipid productivities than FeCl3, Fe-EDTA, Fe-DTPA and Fe-HEDTA, because organic chelator prevented Fe3+ from depositing, lower stability constant resulted in easier dissociation of ferric chelate, smaller chelate facilitated Fe2+ (reduced from Fe3+) transportation through cell membranes. The biomass growth and photosynthetic capacity of Chlorella PY-ZU1 cultivated with Fe-Citrate (converted from Fe2O3 particles) medium were similar to those with commercial ferric ammonium citrate medium. The biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella PY-ZU1 cultivated with 5 mg L-1 Fe-Citrate medium were 1.30 and 1.72 times, respectively, higher than those with FeCl3 growth medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Chu
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Biomass and Wastes to Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtaek Kim
- Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lihua Xu
- Division of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Zhang S, Chen F, Pang H, Gao Y, Wen Y, Wang G. Observation of Spirulina platensis cultivation in a prototype household bubble column photobioreactor during 107 days. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.2003246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Haiyue Pang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yanfen Gao
- Shenzhen Space Food Analysis and Test Center Co. Ltd, Shenzheng, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yonghuang Wen
- Shenzhen Ludebao Health Food Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Gueyhorng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals College of Fujian Province, Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
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Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Sustainable Iron Recovery and Biodiesel Yield by Acid-Adapted Microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, Grown in Synthetic Acid Mine Drainage. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6888-6894. [PMID: 32258924 PMCID: PMC7114686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable resource recovery is the key to manage the overburden of various waste entities of mining practices. The present study demonstrates for the first time a novel approach for iron recovery and biodiesel yield from two acid-adapted microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, grown in synthetic acid mine drainage (SAMD). Virtually, there was no difference in the growth of the strain MAS3 both in Bold's basal medium (control) and SAMD. Using the IC50 level (200 mg L-1) and a lower concentration (50 mg L-1) of iron in SAMD, the cell granularity, exopolysaccharide (EPS) secretion, iron recovery, and biodiesel were assessed in both the strains. Both cell granularity and accumulation of EPS were significantly altered under metal stress in SAMD, resulting in an increase in total accumulation of iron. Growth of the microalgal strains in SAMD yielded 12-20% biodiesel, with no traces of heavy metals, from the biomass. The entire amount of iron, accumulated intracellularly, was recovered in the residual biomass. Our results on the ability of the acid-adapted microalgal strains in iron recovery and yield of biodiesel when grown in SAMD indicate that they could be the potential candidates for use in bioremediation of extreme habitats like AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global
Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R. Subashchandrabose
- Global
Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative
Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment
(CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly
Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya
University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global
Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Cooperative
Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment
(CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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Sun XM, Ren LJ, Zhao QY, Zhang LH, Huang H. Application of chemicals for enhancing lipid production in microalgae-a short review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122135. [PMID: 31540787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have attracted great attention as a promising sustainable resource for biofuel production. In studies aiming to improve lipid accumulation, many key enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis were identified and confirmed, but genetic engineering remains a challenge in most species of microalgae. In an alternative approach, various chemical modulators can be used to directly regulate the lipid biosynthesis pathway, with similar effects to gene overexpression and interference approaches, including improving the precursor supply and blocking competing pathways. The produced lipid can be protected from being converted into other metabolites by the chemicals such as lipase inhibitors. In addition, a few chemicals were also demonstrated to greatly influence cell growth and lipid accumulation by indirect regulation of the lipid biosynthesis pathway, such as increasing cell permeability or regulating oxidative stress. Thus, adding chemical modulators can be a useful alternative strategy for improving lipid accumulation in large-scale cultivation of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Quan-Yu Zhao
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Li-Hui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Lai YC, Chang CH, Chen CY, Chang JS, Ng IS. Towards protein production and application by using Chlorella species as circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121625. [PMID: 31203183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, productions of microalgal proteins were explored via a circular economy concept. First, production of proteins from Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E (CV) and Chlorella sorokiniana (CS) was optimized by using favorable cultivation conditions and strategies. The optimal CO2 concentration for the growth of both microalgae was 5% (v/v), while the optimal nitrogen source for CV and CS were 12 mM of NaNO3 and NH4Cl, respectively. Addition of 12 mg/L ammonium iron (III) citrate enhanced protein production. Next, semi-batch cultivation strategy was employed to achieve a protein production of 793.3 and 812.8 mg/L for CV and C S, representing a 4.86 and 2.77 fold increase, respectively, in protein productivity. The obtained microalgal proteins consist of 40% essential amino acids. The CV and CS proteins possess prebiotic activities as they enhanced the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZY by 48 and 74%, respectively, with a good antibacterial activity against predominant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Ranadheer P, Kona R, Sreeharsha RV, Venkata Mohan S. Non-lethal nitrate supplementation enhances photosystem II efficiency in mixotrophic microalgae towards the synthesis of proteins and lipids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:373-377. [PMID: 30929825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study is aimed at understanding the effect of two different concentrations of nitrate (NaNO3) i.e., 2.94 mM (1X) and 8.82 mM (3X) on the productivity of Scenedesmus sp. in terms photosynthetic efficiency, growth, biomass and protein/lipid synthesis. The experiments were conducted by growing the microalgae in mixotrophic mode with a fixed dissolved organic carbon (110 mM). Chlorophyll a fluorescence fast kinetics parameter such as FV/FM, FM/FO, Pi_Abs, TRo/RC and ABS/RC depicted an improved PSII efficiency in 3X conditions. Higher nitrate concentration in BBM medium favored better assimilation of chlorophyll pigments, carbohydrates (160 mg/g), proteins (524 mg/g) and total lipids along with higher biomass (11.4 g/L). The microalgae cell growth, biomass and biochemical composition are significantly influenced by excess nitrates supplementation in the growth medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palle Ranadheer
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Rajesh Kona
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Rachapudi Venkata Sreeharsha
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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Hemalatha M, Sravan JS, Min B, Venkata Mohan S. Microalgae-biorefinery with cascading resource recovery design associated to dairy wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 284:424-429. [PMID: 30978645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential of microalgae for the treatment of dairy wastewater (DWW) was studied by integrating with bioethanol production. At the end of treatment, organic carbon removal was observed to be 90% with simultaneous removal of nutrients. Biomass concentration increased from 3rd day and reached to a maximum of 1.4 g L-1 by the end of cycle. The biomolecular composition of microalgae comprised of 38% carbohydrates, 15% proteins and 22% lipids. Reducing sugars extracted from deoiled microalgae showed highest percentage of glucose (54.12%) than other monomers. The reducing sugars obtained were utilized for the production of bioethanol via yeast fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This resulted in the production of ethanol (3G) upto 116.2 mg g-1 with simultaneous decrease in reducing sugars upto 92 mg g-1. The results obtained indicate potential of microalgae to produce multiple biobased products in a biorefinery framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manupati Hemalatha
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad, India
| | - J Shanthi Sravan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Abinandan S, Subashchandrabose SR, Panneerselvan L, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Potential of acid-tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, in heavy metal removal and biodiesel production at acidic pH. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:9-16. [PMID: 30669030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metals in traces are vital for microalgae but their occurrence at high concentrations in habitats is a serious ecological concern. We investigated the potential of two acid-tolerant microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, isolated from neutral environments, for simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), and production of biodiesel when grown at pH 3.5. Excepting Cu, the selected metals at concentrations of 10-20 mg L-1 supported good growth of both the strains. Cellular analysis for metal removal revealed the predominance of intracellular mechanism in both the strains resulting in 40-80 and 40-60% removal of Fe and Mn, respectively. In-situ transesterification of biomass indicated enhanced biodiesel yield with increasing concentrations of metals suggesting that both these acid-tolerant microalgae may be the suitable candidates for simultaneous remediation, and sustainable biomass and biodiesel production in environments like metal-rich acid mine drainages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Logeshwaran Panneerselvan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Vishwakarma R, Dhar DW, Saxena S. Influence of nutrient formulations on growth, lipid yield, carbon partitioning and biodiesel quality potential of Botryococcus sp. and Chlorella sp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7589-7600. [PMID: 30659489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to analyse the influence of three nutrient formulations, namely BG-11 medium, BBM and TAP medium, on growth potential and lipid yield of two microalgal genera (Botryococcus sp. and Chlorella sp.) and to study the roles of N, P and other major nutrients. The study focussed on the general patterns of starch and lipid synthesis and storage and to further assess how photosynthetic carbon partitioning into starch and lipid is altered by conditions in growth media such as N and C presence as seen in BG11 medium which are known to induce neutral lipid production and the lack of it in BBM and TAP medium. BG-11 medium performed better as compared to BBM and TAP medium in terms of biomass productivity and lipid yield. The lipid yield was highest in Botryococcus sp. (63.03% dry wt.) and Chlorella sp. (50.27% dry wt.) at 30th day of incubation. Mean biomass productivity was highest for Botryococcus in BBM medium (6.14 mg/L/day) and for Chlorella in BG-11 medium (4.97 mg/L/day). Mean lipid productivity (50.78% and 39.36%) was highest in BG11 medium for both Botryococcus and Chlorella species, respectively. A sharp decline in sugar content was observed in the late stationary phase of growth from 30th day to 45th day. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile of the extracted lipids showed predominantly oleic acid, followed by palmitic acid and stearic acid in both the strains when grown in BG-11 medium. The other biodiesel quality parameters were in accordance with the international standards. A complex relationship was found between chemical composition and biodiesel properties. Proximity analysis indicated that the fuel properties of biodiesels are determined by a number of parameters and by the combination of different chemical compositions. The results provide an insight into organic carbon partitioning into lipid compounds and how the organism's lipid metabolism changes due to N-deplete culturing in TAP medium and inorganic carbon source availability as seen in BG-11 and BBM medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Vishwakarma
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Dolly Wattal Dhar
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Saxena
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Role of media composition in biomass and astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis under two-stage cultivation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:593-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-02064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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