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Ning YN, Tian D, Zhao S, Feng JX. Regulation of genes encoding polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in Penicillium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:16. [PMID: 38170318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Penicillium fungi, including Penicillium oxalicum, can secrete a range of efficient plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (PPDEs) that is very useful for sustainable bioproduction, using renewable plant biomass as feedstock. However, the low efficiency and high cost of PPDE production seriously hamper the industrialization of processes based on PPDEs. In Penicillium, the expression of PPDE genes is strictly regulated by a complex regulatory system and molecular breeding to modify this system is a promising way to improve fungal PPDE yields. In this mini-review, we present an update on recent research progress concerning PPDE distribution and function, the regulatory mechanism of PPDE biosynthesis, and molecular breeding to produce PPDE-hyperproducing Penicillium strains. This review will facilitate future development of fungal PPDE production through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, thereby promoting PPDE industrial biorefinery applications. KEY POINTS: • This mini review summarizes PPDE distribution and function in Penicillium. • It updates progress on the regulatory mechanism of PPDE biosynthesis in Penicillium. • It updates progress on breeding of PPDE-hyperproducing Penicillium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ni Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Hu S, Han P, Wang BT, Jin L, Ruan HH, Jin FJ. Transcriptome-wide analysis of a superior xylan degrading isolate Penicillium oxalicum 5-18 revealed active lignocellulosic degrading genes. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:327. [PMID: 38922442 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomass raw materials have a high value in energy conversion. Recently, there has been growing interest in using microorganisms to secret a series of enzymes for converting low-cost biomass into high-value products such as biofuels. We previously isolated a strain of Penicillium oxalicun 5-18 with promising lignocellulose-degrading capability. However, the mechanisms of lignocellulosic degradation of this fungus on various substrates are still unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptome-wide profiling and comparative analysis of strain 5-18 cultivated in liquid media with glucose (Glu), xylan (Xyl) or wheat bran (WB) as sole carbon source. In comparison to Glu culture, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by WB and Xyl was 4134 and 1484, respectively, with 1176 and 868 genes upregulated. Identified DEGs were enriched in many of the same pathways in both comparison groups (WB vs. Glu and Xly vs. Glu). Specially, 118 and 82 CAZyme coding genes were highly upregulated in WB and Xyl cultures, respectively. Some specific pathways including (Hemi)cellulose metabolic processes were enriched in both comparison groups. The high upregulation of these genes also confirmed the ability of strain 5-18 to degrade lignocellulose. Co-expression and co-upregulated of genes encoding CE and AA CAZy families, as well as other (hemi)cellulase revealed a complex degradation strategy in this strain. Our findings provide new insights into critical genes, key pathways and enzyme arsenal involved in the biomass degradation of P. oxalicum 5-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Han
- Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Teng Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Hua Ruan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Jie Jin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Randhawa A, A Ogunyewo O, Jawed K, Yazdani SS. Calcium signaling positively regulates cellulase translation and secretion in a Clr-2-overexpressing, catabolically derepressed strain of Penicillium funiculosum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:21. [PMID: 38336687 PMCID: PMC10858516 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-cost cellulase production is vital to sustainable second-generation biorefineries. The catabolically derepressed strain of Penicillium funiculosum NCIM1228 (PfMig188 or ∆Mig1) secretes a superior set of cellulolytic enzymes, that are most suitable for 2G biorefineries. At a 3% (w/w) load, the ∆Mig1 secretome can release > 80% of fermentable sugars from lignocellulose at a 15% (w/v) biomass load, irrespective of the type of biomass and pretreatment. The robustness of the secretome can be further increased by improving the cellulase production capacity of the fungal strain. RESULTS We began by identifying the transcription factor responsible for cellulase production in NCIM1228. An advanced RNA-seq screen identified three genes, clr-2, ctf1a and ctf1b; the genes were cloned under their native promoters and transformed into NCIM1228. Of the three, clr-2 overexpression led to twofold higher cellulase production than the parent strain and was thus identified as the transcriptional activator of cellulase in NCIM1228. Next, we overexpressed clr-2 in ∆Mig1 and expected an exponential increase in cellulolytic attributes accredited to the reinforced activation mechanisms, conjoint with diminished negative regulation. Although clr-2 overexpression increased the transcript levels of cellulase genes in ∆Mig1, there was no increase in cellulase yield. Even a further increase in the transcript levels of clr-2 via a stronger promoter was ineffective. However, when the CaCO3 concentration was increased to 5 g/l in the growth medium, we achieved a 1.5-fold higher activity of 6.4 FPU/ml in the ∆Mig1 strain with clr-2 overexpression. Enthused by the calcium effect, a transcriptomic screen for genes encoding Ca2+-activated kinase identified ssp1, whose overexpression could further increase cellulase yield to ~ 7.5 FPU/ml. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that calcium signaling exclusively enhances the translation and secretion of cellulase in Penicillium funiculosum. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies for the first time that cellulose activates two discrete signaling events to govern cellulase transcription and posttranscriptional processes (translation, processing and secretion) in P. funiculosum NCIM1228. Whereas Clr-2, the transcriptional activator of cellulase, governs transcription, calcium signaling specifically activates cellulase translation and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmoldeep Randhawa
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- AMITY University, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Olusola A Ogunyewo
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kamran Jawed
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Syed Shams Yazdani
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Sun Q, Xu G, Li X, Li S, Jia Z, Yan M, Chen W, Shi Z, Li Z, Chen M. Functional Study of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A in Penicillium oxalicum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1203. [PMID: 38132803 PMCID: PMC10745023 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways play a crucial role in regulating cellulase production. The pathway mediated by signaling proteins plays a crucial role in understanding how cellulase expression is regulated. In this study, using affinity purification of ClrB, we have identified sixteen proteins that potentially interact with ClrB. One of the proteins, the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PoPKA-C), is an important component of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Knocking out PoPKA-C resulted in significant decreases in the growth, glucose utilization, and cellulose hydrolysis ability of the mutant strain. Furthermore, the cellulase activity and gene transcription levels were significantly reduced in the ΔPoPKA-C mutant, while the expression activity of CreA, a transcriptional regulator of carbon metabolism repression, was notably increased. Additionally, deletion of PoPKA-C also led to earlier timing of conidia production. The expression levels of key transcription factor genes stuA and brlA, which are involved in the production of the conidia, showed significant enhancement in the ΔPoPKA-C mutant. These findings highlight the involvement of PoPKA-C in mycelial development, conidiation, and the regulation of cellulase expression. The functional analysis of PoPKA-C provides insights into the mechanism of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in cellulase expression in filamentous fungi and has significant implications for the development of high-yielding cellulase strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (Q.S.); (G.X.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Z.J.); (M.Y.); (W.C.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (Q.S.); (G.X.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (Z.J.); (M.Y.); (W.C.); (Z.S.)
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Zhao S, Zhang T, Hasunuma T, Kondo A, Zhao XQ, Feng JX. Every road leads to Rome: diverse biosynthetic regulation of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in filamentous fungi Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma reesei. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-21. [PMID: 38035670 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2280810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellulases and xylanases are plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that are critical to sustainable bioproduction based on renewable lignocellulosic biomass to reduce carbon dioxide emission. Currently, these enzymes are mainly produced from filamentous fungi, especially Trichoderma reesei and Penicillium oxalicum. However, an in-depth comparison of these two producers has not been performed. Although both P. oxalicum and T. reesei harbor CWDE systems, they exhibit distinct features regulating the production of these enzymes, mainly through different transcriptional regulatory networks. This review presents the strikingly different modes of genome-wide regulation of cellulase and xylanase biosynthesis in P. oxalicum and T. reesei, including sugar transporters, signal transduction cascades, transcription factors, chromatin remodeling, and three-dimensional organization of chromosomes. In addition, different molecular breeding approaches employed, based on the understanding of the regulatory networks, are summarized. This review highlights the existence of very different regulatory modes leading to the efficient regulation of CWDE production in filamentous fungi, akin to the adage that "every road leads to Rome." An understanding of this divergence may help further improvements in fungal enzyme production through the metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of certain fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Zhao S, Wang JX, Hou R, Ning YN, Chen ZX, Liu Q, Luo XM, Feng JX. Novel Transcription Factor CXRD Regulates Cellulase and Xylanase Biosynthesis in Penicillium oxalicum under Solid-State Fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0036023. [PMID: 37191516 PMCID: PMC10305053 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00360-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum produces an integrated, extracellular cellulase and xylanase system, strictly regulated by several transcription factors. However, the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of cellulase and xylanase biosynthesis in P. oxalicum is limited, particularly under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions. In our study, deletion of a novel gene, cxrD (cellulolytic and xylanolytic regulator D), resulted in 49.3 to 2,230% enhanced production of cellulase and xylanase, except for 75.0% less xylanase at 2 days, compared with the P. oxalicum parental strain, when cultured on solid medium containing wheat bran plus rice straw for 2 to 4 days after transfer from glucose. In addition, the deletion of cxrD delayed conidiospore formation, leading to 45.1 to 81.8% reduced asexual spore production and altered mycelial accumulation to various extents. Comparative transcriptomics and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR found that CXRD dynamically regulated the expression of major cellulase and xylanase genes and conidiation-regulatory gene brlA under SSF. In vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that CXRD bound to the promoter regions of these genes. The core DNA sequence 5'-CYGTSW-3' was identified to be specifically bound by CXRD. These findings will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of negative regulation of fungal cellulase and xylanase biosynthesis under SSF. IMPORTANCE Application of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) as catalysts in biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass into bioproducts and biofuels reduces both chemical waste production and carbon footprint. The filamentous fungus Penicillium oxalicum can secrete integrated CWDEs, with potential for industrial application. Solid-state fermentation (SSF), simulating the natural habitat of soil fungi, such as P. oxalicum, is used for CWDE production, but a limited understanding of CWDE biosynthesis hampers the improvement of CWDE yields through synthetic biology. Here, we identified a novel transcription factor CXRD, which negatively regulates the biosynthesis of cellulase and xylanase in P. oxalicum under SSF, providing a potential target for genetic engineering to improve CWDE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ni Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Yadav A, Sharma V, Tsai ML, Chen CW, Sun PP, Nargotra P, Wang JX, Dong CD. Development of lignocellulosic biorefineries for the sustainable production of biofuels: Towards circular bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129145. [PMID: 37169207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The idea of environment friendly and affordable renewable energy resources has prompted the industry to focus on the set up of biorefineries for sustainable bioeconomy. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is considered as an abundantly available renewable feedstock for the production of biofuels which can potentially reduce the dependence on petrochemical refineries. By utilizing various conversion technologies, an integrated biorefinery platform of LCB can be created, embracing the idea of the 'circular bioeconomy'. The development of effective pretreatment methods and biocatalytic systems by various bioengineering and machine learning approaches could reduce the bioprocessing costs, thereby making biomass-based biorefinery more sustainable. This review summarizes the development and advances in the lignocellulosic biorefineries from the LCB to the final product stage using various different state-of-the-art approaches for the progress of circular bioeconomy. The life cycle assessment which generates knowledge on the environmental impacts related to biofuel production chains is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Yadav
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Sun
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xiang Wang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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8
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Guo Y, Liu G, Ning Y, Li X, Hu S, Zhao J, Qu Y. Production of cellulosic ethanol and value-added products from corn fiber. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:81. [PMID: 38647596 PMCID: PMC10991675 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn fiber, a by-product from the corn processing industry, mainly composed of residual starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses, is a promising raw material for producing cellulosic ethanol and value-added products due to its abundant reserves and low costs of collection and transportation. Now, several technologies for the production of cellulosic ethanol from corn fiber have been reported, such as the D3MAX process, Cellerate™ process, etc., and part of the technologies have also been used in industrial production in the United States. The ethanol yields range from 64 to 91% of the theoretical maximum, depending on different production processes. Because of the multicomponent of corn fiber and the complex structures highly substituted by a variety of side chains in hemicelluloses of corn fiber, however, there are many challenges in cellulosic ethanol production from corn fiber, such as the low conversion of hemicelluloses to fermentable sugars in enzymatic hydrolysis, high production of inhibitors during pretreatment, etc. Some technologies, including an effective pretreatment process for minimizing inhibitors production and maximizing fermentable sugars recovery, production of enzyme preparations with suitable protein compositions, and the engineering of microorganisms capable of fermenting hexose and pentose in hydrolysates and inhibitors tolerance, etc., need to be further developed. The process integration of cellulosic ethanol and value-added products also needs to be developed to improve the economic benefits of the whole process. This review summarizes the status and progresses of cellulosic ethanol production and potential value-added products from corn fiber and presents some challenges in this field at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yanchun Ning
- Research Institute of Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, No. 27, Zunyidong Road, Jilin City, 132021, Jilin, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Shiyang Hu
- Research Institute of Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, No. 27, Zunyidong Road, Jilin City, 132021, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
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9
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Luo X, Li R, Feng JX, Qin X. Disruption of vacuolar protein sorting receptor gene Poxvps10 improves cellulolytic enzyme production by Penicillium oxalicum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 160:110098. [PMID: 35863188 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum can secrete numerous of plant biomass-degrading enzymes, but limited information is available regarding the mechanisms associated with their secretion. In the Golgi-to-vacuole pathway, the type I transmembrane receptor Vps10p is involved in the sorting of the soluble vacuolar proteins and can also target recombinant and aberrant proteins from the Golgi to the vacuole for degradation. Here, we used the combination of phenotypic characterization and comparative secretome analysis to explore the effect of disruption of the vps10 gene in P. oxalicum (Poxvps10) on endogenous cellulolytic enzyme secretion. The study found that PoxVps10p is required for the targeting and delivery of vacuolar PoxCpyA to the vacuole in P. oxalicum. Poxvps10p deletion enhances extracellular protein and cellulase production by P. oxalicum when the cells are grown on a cellulosic substrate (wheat bran and Avicel). Furthermore, secretome analysis revealed higher relative amount of cellulases, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase and post-translational modification-related proteins in the ΔPoxvps10 mutant than in the wild-type (WT) strain, which may explain the higher cellulase production by the ΔPoxvps10 than the WT strain. This study thus provides a new target for manipulating the secretory pathway to enhance the cellulolytic enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiulin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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Zhao S, Mai RM, Zhang T, Feng XZ, Li WT, Wang WX, Luo XM, Feng JX. Simultaneous manipulation of transcriptional regulator CxrC and translational elongation factor eEF1A enhances the production of plant-biomass-degrading enzymes of Penicillium oxalicum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127058. [PMID: 35339654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering is an efficient approach to improve fungal bioproducts, but the specific targets are limited. In this study, it was found that the key transcription repressor CxrC of Penicillium oxalicum could physically interact with the translational elongation factor eEF1A that positively regulated the production of plant-biomass-degrading enzymes by the fungus under Avicel induction. Simultaneously deletion of the cxrC and overexpression of the eEF1A in the strain Δku70 resulted in 55.4%-314.6% higher production of cellulase, xylanase and raw-starch-degrading enzymes than that of the start strain Δku70. Transcript abundance of the genes encoding predominant cellulases, xylanases and raw-starch-degrading enzymes were significantly upregulated in the mutant ΔcxrC::eEF1A. The ΔcxrC::eEF1A enhanced saccharification efficiency of raw cassava flour by 9.3%-15.5% at early-middle stage of hydrolysis in comparison with Δku70. The obtained knowledges expanded the sources used as effective targets for increased production of plant-biomass-degrading enzymes by fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rong-Ming Mai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen-Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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11
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Xu G, Guo H, Yan M, Jia Z, Li Z, Chen M, Bao X. An actin‐like protein
Po
ARP9
involves in the regulation of development and cellulase and amylase expression in
Penicillium oxalicum. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2894-2905. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan P. R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan P. R. China
| | - Zhilei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan P. R. China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan P. R. China
| | - Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan P. R. China
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12
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Singh N, Singhania RR, Nigam PS, Dong CD, Patel AK, Puri M. Global status of lignocellulosic biorefinery: Challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126415. [PMID: 34838977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass to produce bio-based products under biorefinery setup is gaining global attention. The economic viability of this biorefinery would be inclined by the efficient bioconversion of all three major constituents of lignocellulosic biomass i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin for value-added biochemicals and biofuels production. Although the lignocellulosic biorefinery setup has a clear value proposition, the commercial success at the industrial scale is still inadequate. This can be attributed mainly to irregular biomass supply chain, market uncertainties, and scale-up challenges. Global research efforts are underway by public and private sectors to get deeper market penetration. A comprehensive account of important factors, limitations, and propositions are worth consideration for the commercial success of lignocellulosic biorefineries. In this article, the importance of integration of lignocellulosic biorefineries with existing petrochemical refineries, the technical challenges of industrialization, SWOT analysis, and future directions have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Sector-8, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science & Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Poonam S Nigam
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science & Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science & Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Munish Puri
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
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13
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Fungal cellulases: protein engineering and post-translational modifications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:1-24. [PMID: 34889986 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of lignocelluloses into fermentable sugars to produce biofuels and other biomaterials is critical for environmentally sustainable development and energy resource supply. However, there are problems in enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis, such as the complex cellulase composition, low degradation efficiency, high production cost, and post-translational modifications (PTMs), all of which are closely related to specific characteristics of cellulases that remain unclear. These problems hinder the practical application of cellulases. Due to the rapid development of computer technology in recent years, computer-aided protein engineering is being widely used, which also brings new opportunities for the development of cellulases. Especially in recent years, a large number of studies have reported on the application of computer-aided protein engineering in the development of cellulases; however, these articles have not been systematically reviewed. This article focused on the aspect of protein engineering and PTMs of fungal cellulases. In this manuscript, the latest literatures and the distribution of potential sites of cellulases for engineering have been systematically summarized, which provide reference for further improvement of cellulase properties. KEY POINTS: •Rational design based on virtual mutagenesis can improve cellulase properties. •Modifying protein side chains and glycans helps obtain superior cellulases. •N-terminal glutamine-pyroglutamate conversion stabilizes fungal cellulases.
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14
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Zhang T, Mai RM, Fang QQ, Ou JF, Mo LX, Tian D, Li CX, Gu LS, Luo XM, Feng JX, Zhao S. Regulatory function of the novel transcription factor CxrC in Penicillium oxalicum. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1512-1532. [PMID: 34797006 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous transcription factors (TFs) in ascomycete fungi play crucial roles in cellular processes; however, how most of them function is poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized a novel TF, CxrC (POX01387), acting downstream of the key TF CxrA, which is essential for plant-biomass-degrading-enzyme (PBDE) production in Penicillium oxalicum. Deletion of cxrC in P. oxalicum significantly affected the production of PBDEs, as well as mycelial growth and conidiospore production. CxrA directly repressed the expression of cxrC after about 12 hr following switch to Avicel culture. CxrC bound the promoters of major PBDE genes and genes involved in conidiospore development. CxrC was found to bind the TSSGTYR core sequence (S: C and G; Y: T and C; R: G and A) of the important cellulase genes cbh1 and eg1. Both N- and C-terminal peptides of CxrC and the CxrC phosphorylation were found to mediate its homodimerization. The conserved motif LPSVRSLLTP (65-74) in CxrC was found to be required for regulating cellulase production. This study reveals novel mechanisms of TF-mediated regulation of the expression of PBDE genes and genes involved in cellular processes in an ascomycete fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Ming Mai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Feng Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xiang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sha Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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15
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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16
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Lin YY, Zhao S, Lin X, Zhang T, Li CX, Luo XM, Feng JX. Improvement of cellulase and xylanase production in Penicillium oxalicum under solid-state fermentation by flippase recombination enzyme/ recognition target-mediated genetic engineering of transcription repressors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125366. [PMID: 34144430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum has received increasing attention as a potential cellulase-producer. In this study, a copper-controlled flippase recombination enzyme/recognition target (FLP/FRT)-mediated recombination system was constructed in P. oxalicum, to overcome limited availability of antibiotic resistance markers. Using this system, two crucial transcription repressor genes atf1 and cxrC for the production of cellulase and xylanase under solid-state fermentation (SSF) were simultaneously deleted, thereby leading to 2.4- to 29.1-fold higher cellulase and 78.9% to 130.8% higher xylanase production than the parental strain under SSF, respectively. Glucose and xylose released from hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse achieved 10.6%-13.5% improvement by using the crude enzymes from the engineered strain Δatf1ΔcxrC::flp under SSF in comparison with that of the parental strain. Consequently, these results provide a feasible strategy for improved cellulase and xylanase production by filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Mei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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17
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Fang H, Li C, Zhao J, Zhao C. Biotechnological Advances and Trends in Engineering Trichoderma reesei towards Cellulase Hyperproducer. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Pang XM, Tian D, Zhang T, Liao LS, Li CX, Luo XM, Feng JX, Zhao S. G protein γ subunit modulates expression of plant-biomass-degrading enzyme genes and mycelial-development-related genes in Penicillium oxalicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4675-4691. [PMID: 34076714 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric-G-protein-mediated signaling pathways modulate the expression of the essential genes in many fundamental cellular processes in fungi at the transcription level. However, these processes remain unclear in Penicillium oxalicum. In this study, we generated knockout and knockout-complemented strains of gng-1 (POX07071) encoding the Gγ protein and found that GNG-1 modulated the expression of genes encoding plant-biomass-degrading enzymes (PBDEs) and sporulation-related activators. Interestingly, GNG-1 affected expression of the cxrB that encodes a known transcription factor required for the expression of major cellulase and xylanase genes. Constitutive overexpression of cxrB in ∆gng-1 circumvented the dependence of PBDE production on GNG-1. Further evidence indicated that CxrB indirectly regulated the transcription levels of key amylase genes by controlling the expression of the regulatory gene amyR. These data extended the diversity of Gγ protein functions and provided new insight into the signal transduction and regulation of PBDE gene expression in filamentous fungi. KEY POINTS: • GNG-1 modulates the expression of PBDE genes and sporulation-related genes. • GNG-1 controls expression of the key regulatory gene cxrB. • Overexpression of cxrB circumvents dependence of PBDE production on GNG-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Sheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Rivero Berti I, Islan GA, Castro GR. Enzymes and biopolymers. The opportunity for the smart design of molecular delivery systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124546. [PMID: 33360273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes exhibit a tremendous potential due to the catalytic activity in response to physiological conditions and specific microenvironments. Exploiting these properties in combination with the versatility of biopolymers, a fascinating field for the rational development of a new class of "smart" delivery systems for therapeutic molecules is proposed. Many strategies have been recently developed to produce matrices with the desirable properties of molecular release, and enzymes could be playing a relevant role in modify the chemical composition of the polymers, the porosity and surface area of the matrices and modulate the kinetic of controlled release. Enzyme based computational systems have appeared as a relevant complementary tool to design novel smart bioactive matrices for programmable drug delivery. The present review is reporting the recent advances and projections of smart biopolymeric matrices activated by enzymes for sustained release of therapeutic molecules, highlighting various applications in the area of advanced drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rivero Berti
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German A Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG), Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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20
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A mitogen-activated protein kinase PoxMK1 mediates regulation of the production of plant-biomass-degrading enzymes, vegetative growth, and pigment biosynthesis in Penicillium oxalicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:661-678. [PMID: 33409610 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are broadly conserved and play essential roles in multiple cellular processes, including fungal development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism. Their function, however, also exhibits species and strain specificity. Penicillium oxalicum secretes plant-biomass-degrading enzymes (PBDEs) that contribute to the carbon cycle in the natural environment and to utilization of lignocellulose in industrial processes. However, knowledge of the MAPK pathway in P. oxalicum has been relatively limited. In this study, comparative transcriptomic analysis of P. oxalicum, cultured on different carbon sources, found ten putative kinase genes with significantly modified transcriptional levels. Six of these putative kinase genes were knocked out in the parental strain ∆PoxKu70, and deletion of the gene, Fus3/Kss1-like PoxMK1 (POX00158), resulted in the largest reduction (91.1%) in filter paper cellulase production. Further tests revealed that the mutant ∆PoxMK1 lost 37.1 to 92.2% of PBDE production, under both submerged- and solid-state fermentation conditions, compared with ∆PoxKu70. In addition, the mutant ∆PoxMK1 had reduced vegetative growth and increased pigment biosynthesis. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that PoxMK1 deletion from P. oxalicum downregulated the expression of major PBDE genes and known regulatory genes such as PoxClrB and PoxCxrB, whereas the transcription of pigment biosynthesis-related genes was upregulated. Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that PoxMK1 deletion considerably modified phosphorylation of key transcription- and signal transduction-associated proteins, including transcription factors Mcm1 and Atf1, RNA polymerase II subunits Rpb1 and Rpb9, MAPK-associated Hog1 and Ste7, and cyclin-dependent kinase Kin28. These findings provide novel insights into understanding signal transduction and regulation of PBDE gene expression in fungi.Key points• PoxMK1 is involved in expression of PBDE- and pigment synthesis-related genes.• PoxMK1 is required for vegetative growth of P. oxalicum.• PoxMK1 is involved in phosphorylation of key TFs, kinases, and RNA polymerase II.
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21
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Li SH, Gu LS, Qu XY, Zhang T, Li CX, Mai RM, Liao LS, Zhang FF, Luo XM, Zhao S, Feng JX. Involvement of phospholipase PLA 2 in production of cellulase and xylanase by Penicillium oxalicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:679-694. [PMID: 33394158 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases play vital roles in immune and inflammatory responses in mammals and plants; however, knowledge of phospholipase functions in fungi is limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of deleting predicted phospholipase genes on cellulase and xylanase production, and morphological phenotype, in Penicillium oxalicum. Individual deletion of nine of the ten predicted phospholipase genes resulted in alteration of cellulase and xylanase production, and the morphological phenotypes, to various degrees. The mutant ∆POX07277 lost 22.5 to 82.8% of cellulase (i.e., filter paper cellulase, carboxymethylcellulase, and p-nitrophenyl-β-cellobiosidase) and xylanase production, whereas p-nitrophenyl-β-glucopyranosidase production increased by 5.8-127.8 fold. POX07277 (P. oxalicum gene No. 07277) was predicted to encode phospholipase A2 and was found to negatively affect the sporulation of P. oxalicum. Comparative transcriptomic and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that POX07277 dynamically affected the expression of cellulase and xylanase genes and the regulatory genes for fungal sporulation, under micro-crystalline cellulose induction. POX07277 was required for the expression of the known regulatory gene PoxCxrB (cellulolytic and xylanolytic regulator B in P. oxalicum), which is involved in cellulase and xylanase gene expression in P. oxalicum. Conversely, POX07277 expression was regulated by PoxCxrB. These findings will aid the understanding of phospholipase functions and provide novel insights into the mechanism of fungal cellulase and xylanase gene expression. KEY POINTS : • The roles of phospholipases were investigated in Penicillium oxalicum. • POX07277 (PLA2) is required for the expression of cellulase and xylanase genes. • PoxCxrB dynamically regulated POX07277 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sha Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Ming Mai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Sheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Pi C, Zhang Z, Xiang B, Tian H, Liao Q, Chen Y, Xia L, Hu Y, Hu S. Constructing a novel expression system by specific activation of amylase expression pathway in Penicillium. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:155. [PMID: 32727458 PMCID: PMC7391575 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Filamentous fungi have long been used as hosts for the production of proteins, enzymes and valuable products in various biotechnological applications. However, recombinant proteins are expressed with highly secreted host proteins when stronger promoters are used under inducing conditions. In addition, the efficiency of target protein expression can be limited by the application of constitutive promoters in recently developed filamentous fungal expression systems. Results In this study, a novel expression system was constructed by using a Penicillium oxalium strain that has powerful protein secretion capability. The secretory background of the host was reduced by knocking out the Amy13A protein and utilizing the starch as a carbon source. The strong promoter amy15A(p) was further improved by overexpressing the transcription activator AmyR and deleting of putative repressor CreA. By using the native amylase Amy15A as a reporter, the efficiency of expression from the amy15A promoter was dramatically and specifically enhanced after redesigning the regulatory network of amylase expression. Conclusions Our researches clearly indicated that the triple-gene recombinant strain Δ13A-OamyR-ΔCreA, with the amy15A(p) promoter could be used as a suitable expression system especially for high-level and high-purity protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Boyu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinzhen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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23
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Dadwal A, Sharma S, Satyanarayana T. Progress in Ameliorating Beneficial Characteristics of Microbial Cellulases by Genetic Engineering Approaches for Cellulose Saccharification. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1387. [PMID: 32670240 PMCID: PMC7327088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable energy source. Cellulases are the enzymes that cleave β-1, 4-glycosidic linkages in cellulose to liberate sugars that can be fermented to ethanol, butanol, and other products. Low enzyme activity and yield, and thermostability are, however, some of the limitations posing hurdles in saccharification of lignocellulosic residues. Recent advancements in synthetic and systems biology have generated immense interest in metabolic and genetic engineering that has led to the development of sustainable technology for saccharification of lignocellulosics in the last couple of decades. There have been several attempts in applying genetic engineering in the production of a repertoire of cellulases at a low cost with a high biomass saccharification. A diverse range of cellulases are produced by different microbes, some of which are being engineered to evolve robust cellulases. This review summarizes various successful genetic engineering strategies employed for improving cellulase kinetics and cellulolytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Dadwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
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24
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Ma Z, Mi Y, Han X, Li H, Tian M, Duan Z, Fan D, Ma P. Transformation of ginsenoside via deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride as an enzymatic reaction medium. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1195-1208. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Myco-Degradation of Lignocellulose: An Update on the Reaction Mechanism and Production of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes by Fungi. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23834-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Guo H, Wang XD, Lee DJ. Proteomic researches for lignocellulose-degrading enzymes: A mini-review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:532-541. [PMID: 29884341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Protective action of lignin/hemicellulose networks and crystalline structures of embedded cellulose render lignocellulose material resistant to external enzymatic attack. To eliminate this bottleneck, research has been conducted in which advanced proteomic techniques are applied to identify effective commercial hydrolytic enzymes. This mini-review summarizes researches on lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, the mechanisms of the responses of various lignocellulose-degrading strains and microbial communities to various carbon sources and various biomass substrates, post-translational modifications of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, new lignocellulose-degrading strains, new lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and a new method of secretome analysis. The challenges in the practical use of enzymatic hydrolysis process to realize lignocellulose biorefineries are discussed, along with the prospects for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
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27
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Xu G, Li J, Liu Q, Sun W, Jiang M, Tian C. Transcriptional analysis of Myceliophthora thermophila on soluble starch and role of regulator AmyR on polysaccharide degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:558-562. [PMID: 29843921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila has great capacity for biomass degradation and is an attractive option for use as cell factory to produce chemicals directly from renewable polysaccharides, such as starch, rather than monomer glucose. To date, there has been no transcriptomic analysis of this thermophilic fungus on starch. This study determined the transcriptomic profile of M. thermophila responding to soluble starch and a 342-gene set was identified as a "starch regulon", including the major amylolytic enzyme (Mycth_72393). Its overexpression led to increased amylase activities on starch by 35%. Furthermore, overexpressing the key amylolytic enzyme regulator AmyR in M. thermophila significantly increased amylase activity by 30%. Deletion of amyR by the CRISPR/Cas9 system led to the relief of carbon catabolite repression and 3-fold increased lignocellulase activities on cellulose. This study will accelerate rational fungal strain engineering for biochemical production from biomass substrates such as raw corn starch and even crop straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbao Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University. Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University. Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tianjin 300308, China.
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28
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Zhou J, Zhu P, Hu X, Lu H, Yu Y. Improved secretory expression of lignocellulolytic enzymes in Kluyveromyces marxianus by promoter and signal sequence engineering. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:235. [PMID: 30279722 PMCID: PMC6116501 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking into account its thermotolerance, high growth rate, and broad substrate spectrum, Kluyveromyces marxianus can be considered an ideal consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). A major obstacle to ethanol production using K. marxianus is the low production of lignocellulolytic enzymes, which reduces the cellulose hydrolysis and ethanol production. Thus, further improvement of enzyme expression and secretion is essential. RESULTS To improve the expression of lignocellulolytic enzymes, the inulinase promoter and signal sequence from K. marxianus was optimized through mutagenesis. A T(-361)A mutation inside the promoter, a deletion of AT-rich region inside 5'UTR (UTR∆A), and a P10L substitution in the signal sequence increased the secretory expression of the feruloyl esterase Est1E by up to sixfold. T(-361)A and UTR∆A increased the mRNA expression, while the P10L substitution extended the hydrophobic core of signal sequence and promoted secretion of mature protein. P10L and T(-361)A mutations increased secretory expressions of other types of lignocellulolytic enzymes by up to threefold, including endo-1,4-β-glucanase RuCelA, endo-1,4-β-endoxylanase Xyn-CDBFV, and endo-1,4-β-mannanase MAN330. During the fed-batch fermentation of strains carrying optimized modules, the peak activities of RuCelA, Xyn-CDBFV, MAN330, and Est1E reached 24 U/mL, 25,600 U/mL, 10,200 U/mL, and 1220 U/mL, respectively. Importantly, higher yield of enzymes by optimized promoter and signal sequence were achieved in all tested carbon sources, including the major end products of lignocellulose saccharification and fermentation, with growth on xylose resulting in the highest production. CONCLUSIONS The engineered promoter and signal sequence presented increased secretory expressions of different lignocellulolytic enzymes in K. marxianus by means of various carbon resources. Activities of lignocellulolytic enzymes in fed-batch fermentation were the highest activities reported for K. marxianus so far. Our engineered modules are valuable in producing lignocellulolytic enzymes by K. marxianus and in constructing efficient CBP strains for cellulosic ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Peixia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438 China
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29
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Fu Y, Yeom SJ, Kwon KK, Hwang J, Kim H, Woo EJ, Lee DH, Lee SG. Structural and functional analyses of the cellulase transcription regulator CelR. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2776-2785. [PMID: 30062758 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CelR is a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of cellulases catalyzing cellulose hydrolysis. However, the structural mechanism of its regulation has remained unclear. Here, we report the first structure of CelR, in this case with cellobiose bound. CelR consists of a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a regulatory domain (RD), and homodimerizes with each monomer bound to cellobiose. A hinge region (HR) in CelR connects the DBD with the RD, and Leu59 in the HR acts as a 'leucine lever' that transduces a transcriptional activation signal. Furthermore, an α4 helix mediates the ligand-binding signal for transcriptional activation. Tyr84 and Gln301 can potentially alter the ligand specificity of CelR. This study provides a pivotal step toward understanding transcription of the cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Fu
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, China
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kil Koang Kwon
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jungwon Hwang
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haseong Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eui-Jeon Woo
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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30
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Baker SE. Protein hyperproduction in fungi by design. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8621-8628. [PMID: 30078136 PMCID: PMC6153651 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of enzymes used by fungi to digest their environment has been exploited by humans for centuries for food and beverage production. More than a century after the first biotechnology patent, we know that the enzyme cocktails secreted by these amazing organisms have tremendous use across a number of industrial processes. Secreting the maximum titer of enzymes is critical to the economic feasibility of these processes. Traditional mutagenesis and screening approaches have generated the vast majority of strains used by industry for the production of enzymes. Until the emergence of economical next generation DNA sequencing platforms, the majority of the genes mutated in these screens remained uncharacterized at the sequence level. In addition, mutagenesis comes with a cost to an organism’s fitness, making tractable rational strain design approaches an attractive alternative. As an alternative to traditional mutagenesis and screening, controlled manipulation of multiple genes involved in processes that impact the ability of a fungus to sense its environment, regulate transcription of enzyme-encoding genes, and efficiently secrete these proteins will allow for rational design of improved fungal protein production strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Baker
- Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
- Biosystems Design and Simulation Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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31
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Li R, Feng Y, Liu S, Qi K, Cui Q, Liu YJ. Inducing effects of cellulosic hydrolysate components of lignocellulose on cellulosome synthesis in Clostridium thermocellum. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:905-916. [PMID: 29943510 PMCID: PMC6116742 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulosome is a highly efficient supramolecular machine for lignocellulose degradation, and its substrate‐coupled regulation requires soluble transmembrane signals. However, the inducers for cellulosome synthesis and the inducing effect have not been clarified quantitatively. Values of cellulosome production capacity (CPC) and estimated specific activity (eSA) were calculated based on the primary scaffoldin ScaA to define the stimulating effects on the cellulosome synthesis in terms of quantity and quality respectively. The estimated cellulosome production of Clostridium thermocellum on glucose was at a low housekeeping level. Both Avicel and cellobiose increased CPCs of the cells instead of the eSAs of the cellulosome. The CPC of Avicel‐grown cells was over 20‐fold of that of glucose‐grown cells, while both Avicel‐ and glucose‐derived cellulosomes showed similar eSA. The CPC of cellobiose‐grown cells was also over three times higher than glucose‐grown cells, but the eSA of cellobiose‐derived cellulosome was 16% lower than that of the glucose‐derived cellulosome. Our results indicated that cello‐oligosaccharides played the key roles in inducing the synthesis of the cellulosome, but non‐cellulosic polysaccharides showed no inducing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renmin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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32
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Guo H, Chang Y, Lee DJ. Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biorefinery: Research focuses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 252:198-215. [PMID: 29329774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To realize lignocellulosic biorefinery is of global interest, with enzymatic saccharification presenting an essential stage to convert polymeric sugars to mono-sugars for fermentation use. This mini-review summarizes qualitatively the research focuses discussed the review articles presented in the past 22 months and other relevant papers. The research focuses on pretreatment with improved efficiency, enhanced enzyme production with high yields and high extreme tolerance, feasible combined saccharification and fermentation processes, detailed mechanisms corresponding to the enzymatic saccharification in lignocellulosic biorefinery, and the costs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yingju Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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