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Manickavasagam G, He C, Lin KYA, Saaid M, Oh WD. Recent advances in catalyst design, performance, and challenges of metal-heteroatom-co-doped biochar as peroxymonosulfate activator for environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118919. [PMID: 38631468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of global water pollution due to emerging pollutants has gained significant attention. To address this issue, catalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation technology has emerged as a promising treatment approach for effectively decontaminating a wide range of pollutants. Recently, modified biochar has become an increasingly attractive as PMS activator. Metal-heteroatom-co-doped biochar (MH-BC) has emerged as a promising catalyst that can provide enhanced performance over heteroatom-doped and metal-doped biochar due to the synergism between metal and heteroatom in promoting PMS activation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the fabrication pathways (i.e., internal vs external doping and pre-vs post-modification) and key parameters (i.e., source of precursors, synthesis methods, and synthesis conditions) affecting the performance of MH-BC as PMS activator. Subsequently, an overview of all the possible PMS activation pathways by MH-BC is provided. Subsequently, Also, the detection, identification, and quantification of several reactive species (such as, •OH, SO4•-, O2•-, 1O2, and high valent oxo species) generated in the catalytic PMS system by MH-BC are also evaluated. Lastly, the underlying challenges associated with poor stability, the lack of understanding regarding the interaction between metal and heteroatom during PMS activation and quantification of radicals in multi-ROS system are also deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao He
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mardiana Saaid
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wen-Da Oh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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2
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Priya AK, Muruganandam M, Suresh S. Bio-derived carbon-based materials for sustainable environmental remediation and wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142731. [PMID: 38950744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Biosynthesized nanocomposites, particularly those incorporating carbon-based materials, exhibit exceptional tunability and multifunctionality, surpassing the capabilities of conventional materials in these aspects. Developing practical solutions is critical to address environmental toxins from pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, pesticides, and dyes. Biomass waste is a readily available carbon source, which emerges as a promising material for producing biochar due to its inherent advantages: abundance, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature. This distribution mainly uses carbon-based materials (CBMs) and biomass waste in wastewater treatment. This review paper investigates several CBM types, including carbon aerogels, nanotubes, graphene, and activated carbon. The development of bio-derived carbon-based nanomaterials are discussed, along with the properties and composition of carbon materials derived from biomass waste and various cycles, such as photodegradation, adsorption, and high-level oxidation processes for natural remediation. In conclusion, this review examines the challenges associated with biochar utilization, including cost, recovery, and practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Priya
- Project Prioritization, Monitoring & Evaluation, and Knowledge Management Unit, ICAR Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ICAR-IISWC), Dehradun, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Muruganandam
- Project Prioritization, Monitoring & Evaluation, and Knowledge Management Unit, ICAR Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ICAR-IISWC), Dehradun, India
| | - Sagadevan Suresh
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
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3
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Frota AMA, Pinheiro TL, Ibraim E, Pak T, Capelo-Neto J. Understanding the properties of activated carbon and biochar for the adsorption and removal of cyanotoxins: a systematic review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 95:e20230061. [PMID: 38198398 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanotoxins pose a health threat when present in the drinking water supply since conventional water treatment processes are not effective in removing extracellular metabolites hence, advanced treatment techniques are usually applied. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is an effective adsorbent for removing toxins. However, since a high volume is necessary, alternative adsorbents have been investigated. Biochar, especially from renewable sources, is a potential adsorbent material that could replace PAC for removing toxins. This paper aimed to investigate which PAC properties play key roles in cyanotoxin adsorption by a systematic review addressing the adsorption of toxins such as microcystins-LR (MC-LR), cylindrospermopsin (CYL), and saxitoxins (STXs). As a result, the review showed that some commonly adopted indices (i.e. total surface area) are not relevant to cyanotoxin adsorption, especially if appraised alone. Along with a multi-barrier approach, PAC has to be applied taking into account the complexity of the water system, which includes a better understanding of the characteristics of the adsorbent, the target toxin, and the aqueous medium. The biochar systematic review showed that no studies have yet been designed specifically for the removal of toxins. Since biochar has not yet been applied to water treatment processes, the knowledge gap is even greater than for PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M A Frota
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia Hidráulica e Ambiental, Bloco 713, Campus Pici, 60400-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thaís L Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia Hidráulica e Ambiental, Bloco 713, Campus Pici, 60400-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Erdin Ibraim
- University of Bristol, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's Building, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Tannaz Pak
- Teesside University, School of Computing, Engineering & Digital Technologies, Borough Road, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
| | - José Capelo-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia Hidráulica e Ambiental, Bloco 713, Campus Pici, 60400-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Iurchenkova A, Kobets A, Ahaliabadeh Z, Kosir J, Laakso E, Virtanen T, Siipola V, Lahtinen J, Kallio T. The effect of the pyrolysis temperature and biomass type on the biocarbons characteristics. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202301005. [PMID: 38126627 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of biomass and natural wastes into carbon-based materials for various applications such as catalysts and energy-related materials is a fascinating and sustainable approach emerged during recent years. Precursor nature and characteristics are complex, hence, their effect on the properties of resulting materials is still unclear. In this work, we have investigated the effect of different precursors and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of produced carbon materials and their potential application as negative electrode materials in Li-ion batteries. Three biomasses, lignocellulosic brewery spent grain from a local brewery, catechol-rich lignin and tannins, were selected for investigations. We show that such end-product carbon characteristic as functional and elemental composition, porosity, specific surface area, defectiveness level, and morphology strictly depend on the precursor composition, chemical structure, and pyrolysis temperature. The electrochemical characteristics of produced carbon materials correlate with the characteristics of the produced materials. A higher pyrolysis temperature is shown to be favourable for production of carbon material for the Li-ion battery application in terms of both specific capacity and long-term cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iurchenkova
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 16100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångstrom laboratory, Uppsala University, BOX 35, 75103, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Kobets
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 16100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahra Ahaliabadeh
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 16100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Janez Kosir
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 16100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Laakso
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 16100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- Bioprocessing of Natural Materials, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, Oulu, FI-, 02044 VTT
| | - Virpi Siipola
- Bioprocessing of Natural Materials, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, Oulu, FI-, 02044 VTT
| | - Jouko Lahtinen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, FI, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Research Group of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 16100, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
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Kundu R, Kunnoth B, Pilli S, Polisetty VR, Tyagi RD. Biochar symbiosis in anaerobic digestion to enhance biogas production: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118743. [PMID: 37572403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, anaerobic digestion (AD) has gained popularity as a practical method for generating clean energy and efficiently managing organic waste. However, the effectiveness of the reactor is compromised by the accumulation of ammonia, acids, and nutrients, leading to inhibition and instability. Because of its adaptability, biochar (BC) has sparked a substantial interest in biogas production and can be created by charring biomass and waste materials. Adding BC to the AD process could yield the following benefits: mitigating toxic inhibition, reducing the duration of the methanogenic lag phase, immobilising functional bacteria, and enhancing the rate of electron transfer between methanogenic and acetogenic microorganisms. Nonetheless, there remains to be more comprehensive knowledge regarding the multifaceted function of BC and its intricate mechanisms in the generation of biogas in AD. The research summarises scattered information from the literature on BC production from various feedstocks and factors affecting its characteristics. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of the utilisation of BC as an additive within AD is presented here, emphasising how BC characteristics impact AD processes and how they effectively engage key challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranarup Kundu
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Bella Kunnoth
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Sridhar Pilli
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India.
| | - Venkateswara Rao Polisetty
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India.
| | - R D Tyagi
- BOSK Bioproducts, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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6
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Delatorre FM, Cupertino GFM, Pereira AKS, de Souza EC, da Silva ÁM, Ucella Filho JGM, Saloni D, Profeti LPR, Profeti D, Dias Júnior AF. Photoluminous Response of Biocomposites Produced with Charcoal. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3788. [PMID: 37765642 PMCID: PMC10536408 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the possible effects of global warming, new materials that do not have a negative impact on the environment are being studied. To serve a variety of industries and outdoor applications, it is necessary to consider the impact of photoluminosity on the performance of biocomposites in order to accurately assess their durability characteristics and prevent substantial damage. Exposure to photoluminosity can result in adverse effects such as discoloration, uneven surface, loss of mass, and manipulation of the intrinsic mechanical properties of biocomposites. This study aims to evaluate general charcoal from three pyrolysis temperatures to understand which charcoal is most suitable for photoluminosity and whether higher pyrolysis temperatures have any significant effect on photoluminosity. Porosity, morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of charcoal were analyzed. Charcoal obtained at a temperature of 800 °C demonstrates remarkable potential as a bioreinforcement in polymeric matrices, attributable to its significantly higher porosity (81.08%) and hydrophobic properties. The biocomposites were characterized for flexural strength, tensile strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed an improvement in tensile strength after exposure to photoluminosity, with an increase of 69.24%, 68.98%, and 54.38% at temperatures of 400, 600, and 800 °C, respectively, in relation to the treatment control. It is notorious that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity after photoluminosity initially had a negative impact on mechanical strength, the incorporation of charcoal from higher pyrolysis temperatures showed a substantial increase in mechanical strength after exposure to photoluminosity, especially at 800 °C with breaking strength of 53.40 MPa, and modulus of elasticity of 4364.30 MPA. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an improvement in morphology, with a decrease in roughness at 800 °C, which led to greater adhesion to the polyester matrix. These findings indicate promising prospects for a new type of biocomposite, particularly in comparison with other polymeric compounds, especially in engineering applications that are subject to direct interactions with the weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Martins Delatorre
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fontes Mayrinck Cupertino
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Allana Katiussya Silva Pereira
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP). Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elias Costa de Souza
- Institute of Xingu Studies, Federal University of South and Southeast Pará (UNIFESSPA), Subdivision Cidade nova, QD 15, Sector 15, São Félix do Xingu 68380-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Álison Moreira da Silva
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP). Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - João Gilberto Meza Ucella Filho
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Daniel Saloni
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Demetrius Profeti
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior
- Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, Jerônimo Monteiro 29550-000, ES, Brazil
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7
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Itoh T, Ogawa T, Iwabuchi K, Taniguro K. Heat balance analysis for self-heating torrefaction of dairy manure using a mathematical model. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 162:1-7. [PMID: 36913845 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A self-heating torrefaction system was developed to overcome the difficulties in converting high-moisture biomass to biochar. In self-heating torrefaction, the ventilation rate and ambient pressure must be set properly to initiate the process. However, the minimum temperature at which self-heating begins is unclear because the effects of these operating variables on the heat balance are not theoretically understood. The present report presents a mathematical model for the self-heating of dairy manure based on the heat balance equation. The first step was to estimate the heat source; experimental data showed that the activation energy for the chemical oxidation of dairy manure is 67.5 kJ/mol. Next, the heat balance of feedstock in the process was analyzed. Results revealed that the higher the ambient pressure and the lower the ventilation rate at any given pressure, the lower the temperature at which self-heating is induced. The lowest induction temperature was 71 °C at a ventilation rate of 0.05 L min-1 kg-AFS-1 (AFS: ash-free solid). The model also revealed that the ventilation rate significantly affects the heat balance of feedstock and drying rate, suggesting an optimal range for ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Itoh
- Tanigurogumi Corporation, Shiobara 1100, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2921, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Teppei Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kazunori Iwabuchi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Katsumori Taniguro
- Tanigurogumi Corporation, Shiobara 1100, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2921, Japan
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Zhang Z, Xuan X, Wang J, Zhao X, Yang J, Zhao Y, Qian J. Evolution of elemental nitrogen involved in the carbonization mechanism and product features from wet biowaste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163826. [PMID: 37121324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) represents elegant thermochemical conversion technology suitable for energy and resource recovery from wet biowaste, while the elemental nitrogen is bound to affect the HTC process and the properties of the products. In this review, the nitrogen fate during HTC of typical N-containing-biowaste were presented. The relationship between critical factors involved in HTC like N/O, N/C, N/H, solid ratio, initial N in feedstock, hydrothermal temperature and residence time and N content in hydrochar were systematic analyzed. The distribution and conversion of N species along with hydrothermal severity in hydrochar and liquid phase was discussed. Additionally, the chemical forms of nitrogen in hydrochar were elaborated coupled with the role of N element during hydrochar formation mechanism and the morphology features. Finally, the future challenges of nitrogen in biowaste involved in HTC about the formation and regulation mechanism of hydrochar were given, and perspectives of more accurate regulation of the physicochemical characteristics of hydrochar from biowaste based on the N evolution is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Xuan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyao Wang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuelei Zhao
- Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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9
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Bilias F, Kalderis D, Richardson C, Barbayiannis N, Gasparatos D. Biochar application as a soil potassium management strategy: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159782. [PMID: 36309281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The established practices of intensive agriculture, combined with inadequate soil Κ replenishment by conventional inorganic fertilization, results in a negative environmental impact through the gradual exhaustion of different forms of K reserves in soils. Although biochar application as soil amendment has been established as an approach of integrated nutrient management, few works have focused on the impact of biochar application to soil K availability and crop uptake. This review provides an up-to-date analysis of the published literature, focusing on the impact of biochar in the availability of potassium in soil and crop growth. First, the effect of biomass type and pyrolysis temperature on potassium content of biochar was assessed. Second, the influence of biochar addition to the availability of potassium in soil and on potassium soil dynamics was examined. Finally, alternative methods for estimating available K in soils were proposed. The most promising biomasses in terms of potassium content were grape pomace, coffee husk and hazelnut husk however, these have not been widely utilized for biochar production. Higher pyrolysis temperatures (>500 °C) increase the total potassium content whereas lower temperatures increase the water-soluble and exchangeable potassium fractions. It was also determined that biochar has considerable potential for enhancing K availability through several distinct mechanisms which eventually lead directly or indirectly to increased K uptake by plants. Indirect mechanisms mainly include increased K retention capacity based on biochar properties such as high cation exchange capacity, porosity, and specific surface area, while the direct supply of K can be provided by K-rich biochar sources through purpose-made biochar production techniques. Research based on biochar applications for soil K fertility purposes is still at an early stage, therefore future work should focus on elucidating the mechanisms that define K retention and release processes through the complicated soil-biochar-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Bilias
- Soil Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Laboratory of Environmental Technologies and Applications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Clive Richardson
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Barbayiannis
- Soil Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dionisios Gasparatos
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece.
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Cavali M, Libardi Junior N, de Sena JD, Woiciechowski AL, Soccol CR, Belli Filho P, Bayard R, Benbelkacem H, de Castilhos Junior AB. A review on hydrothermal carbonization of potential biomass wastes, characterization and environmental applications of hydrochar, and biorefinery perspectives of the process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159627. [PMID: 36280070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to search for appropriate processes to convert wastes into energy, chemicals, and materials to establish a circular bio-economy toward sustainable development. Concerning waste biomass valorization, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising route given its advantages over other thermochemical processes. From that perspective, this article reviewed the HTC of potential biomass wastes, the characterization and environmental utilization of hydrochar, and the biorefinery potential of this process. Crop and forestry residues and sewage sludge are two categories of biomass wastes (lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic, respectively) readily available for HTC or even co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC). The temperature, reaction time, and solid-to-liquid ratio utilized in HTC/Co-HTC of those biomass wastes were reported to range from 140 to 370 °C, 0.05 to 48 h, and 1/47 to 1/1, respectively, providing hydrochar yields of up to 94 % according to the process conditions. Hydrochar characterization by different techniques to determine its physicochemical properties is crucial to defining the best applications for this material. In the environmental field, hydrochar might be suitable for removing pollutants from aqueous systems, ameliorating soils, adsorbing atmospheric pollutants, working as an energy carrier, and performing carbon sequestration. But this material could also be employed in other areas (e.g., catalysis). Regarding the effluent from HTC/Co-HTC, this byproduct has the potential for serving as feedstock in other processes, such as anaerobic digestion and microalgae cultivation. These opportunities have aroused the industry interest in HTC since 2010, and the number of industrial-scale HTC plants and patent document applications has increased. The hydrochar patents are concentrated in China (77.6 %), the United States (10.6 %), the Republic of Korea (3.5 %), and Germany (3.5 %). Therefore, considering the possibilities of converting their product (hydrochar) and byproduct (effluent) into energy, chemicals, and materials, HTC or Co-HTC could work as the first step of a biorefinery. And this approach would completely agree with circular bioeconomy principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cavali
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Libardi Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Julia Dutra de Sena
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-908 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-908 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Belli Filho
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rémy Bayard
- DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions) Laboratory, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hassen Benbelkacem
- DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions) Laboratory, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Armando Borges de Castilhos Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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11
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Kapoor A, Krishnamoorthy N, Pathy A, Balasubramanian P. Chemometric analysis unravelling the effect of key influencing factors on algal biochar yield. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Grandsir C, Falagán N, Alamar MC. Application of novel technologies to reach net‐zero greenhouse gas emissions in the fresh pasteurised milk supply chain: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Falagán
- Plant Science Laboratory Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK
| | - M. Carmen Alamar
- Plant Science Laboratory Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK
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13
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Xiang L, Harindintwali JD, Wang F, Redmile-Gordon M, Chang SX, Fu Y, He C, Muhoza B, Brahushi F, Bolan N, Jiang X, Ok YS, Rinklebe J, Schaeffer A, Zhu YG, Tiedje JM, Xing B. Integrating Biochar, Bacteria, and Plants for Sustainable Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Organic Pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16546-16566. [PMID: 36301703 PMCID: PMC9730858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of soil with organic pollutants has been accelerated by agricultural and industrial development and poses a major threat to global ecosystems and human health. Various chemical and physical techniques have been developed to remediate soils contaminated with organic pollutants, but challenges related to cost, efficacy, and toxic byproducts often limit their sustainability. Fortunately, phytoremediation, achieved through the use of plants and associated microbiomes, has shown great promise for tackling environmental pollution; this technology has been tested both in the laboratory and in the field. Plant-microbe interactions further promote the efficacy of phytoremediation, with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) often used to assist the remediation of organic pollutants. However, the efficiency of microbe-assisted phytoremediation can be impeded by (i) high concentrations of secondary toxins, (ii) the absence of a suitable sink for these toxins, (iii) nutrient limitations, (iv) the lack of continued release of microbial inocula, and (v) the lack of shelter or porous habitats for planktonic organisms. In this regard, biochar affords unparalleled positive attributes that make it a suitable bacterial carrier and soil health enhancer. We propose that several barriers can be overcome by integrating plants, PGPB, and biochar for the remediation of organic pollutants in soil. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which biochar and PGPB can assist plants in the remediation of organic pollutants in soils, and thereby improve soil health. We analyze the cost-effectiveness, feasibility, life cycle, and practicality of this integration for sustainable restoration and management of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Xiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute
for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen
University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- or
| | - Marc Redmile-Gordon
- Department
of Environmental Horticulture, Royal Horticultural
Society, Wisley, Surrey GU23 6QB, U.K.
| | - Scott X. Chang
- Department
of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Yuhao Fu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao He
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bertrand Muhoza
- College
of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Ferdi Brahushi
- Department
of Agroenvironment and Ecology, Agricultural
University of Tirana, Tirana 1029, Albania
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of
Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6001, Australia
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea
Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program
& Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Department
of Soil and Groundwater Management, Bergische
Universität, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaeffer
- Institute
for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen
University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- School
of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and
Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
- Key
Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, 400045 Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-guan Zhu
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key
Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Center
for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge
School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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14
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Xu Y, Wang B, Ding S, Zhao M, Ji Y, Xie W, Feng Z, Feng Y. Hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen waste: An analysis of solid and aqueous products and the application of hydrochar to paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157953. [PMID: 35963404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology can potentially be used to safely and sustainably utilize kitchen waste (KW). However, the characteristics of HTC solid products (hydrochar) and aqueous products (HAP) based on different types of KW have not yet been clarified. Here, four types of KW, cellulose-based (CL), skeleton-based (SK), protein-based (PT), and starch-based (ST) KW, were used for HTC at 180 °C, 220 °C, and 260 °C. The basic physicochemical properties and structures of hydrochars and HAP were analyzed, and the effects of different hydrochars on rice growth were characterized. HTC decreased the H/C and O/C of KW. All hydrochars were acidic (3.12 to 6.78) and the pH values increased with the HTC temperature, while high HTC temperature reduced the porosity of hydrochars. HTC promoted the enrichment of total carbon (up to 78.1 %), total nitrogen (up to 62.6 %), and total phosphorus (up to 171.6 %) in KW. More carbon (60.7-88.0 %) and nitrogen (up to 87.4 %) were present in the hydrochars than in the HAP. The relative content of C1s increased and O1s decreased in CL and ST hydrochars as the HTC temperature increased, while the opposite pattern was observed for SK and PT hydrochars. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) of different hydrochars and HAP were mainly humus-like substances. The biodegradability of the DOM in HAP was often higher than the corresponding hydrochar, and their DOM biodegradability increased with the HTC temperature. The content of heavy metals from different hydrochars did not exceed the relevant thresholds of fertilizer standards. Rice grain yield increased by 3.7-11.1 % in the hydrochar treatments without phosphate fertilizer addition compared with the control treatment. The results of this study provide new theoretical and empirical insights into the potential for HTC technology to be used for the recycling of KW and its products in the agricultural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Xu
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shudong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Wenping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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15
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Yabalak E, Eliuz EAE. Hydrochar synthesis of from waste human hair, incorporation with phenolic extract of Morus alba and evaluation as a natural anti-Staphylococcus aureus agent. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Medeiros DCCDS, Chelme-Ayala P, Benally C, Al-Anzi BS, Gamal El-Din M. Review on carbon-based adsorbents from organic feedstocks for removal of organic contaminants from oil and gas industry process water: Production, adsorption performance and research gaps. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115739. [PMID: 35932737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of process water with considerable concentrations of recalcitrant organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), phenolic compounds (PCs), and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), are generated by several segments of oil and gas industries. These segments include refineries, hydraulic fracturing (HF), and produced waters from the extraction of shale gas (SGPW), coalbed methane (CBMPW) and oil sands (OSPW). In fact, the concentration of PCs and PAHs in process water from refinery can reach 855 and 742 mg L-1, respectively. SGPW can contain BTEX at concentrations as high as 778 mg L-1. Adsorption can effectively target those organic compounds for the remediation of the process water by applying carbon-based adsorbents generated from organic feedstocks. Such organic feedstocks usually come from organic waste materials that would otherwise be conventionally disposed of. The objective of this review paper is to cover the scientific progress in the studies of carbon-based adsorbents from organic feedstocks that were successfully applied for the removal of organic contaminants PAHs, PCs, and BTEX. The contributions of this review paper include the important aspects of (i) production and characterization of carbon-based adsorbents to enhance the efficiency of organic contaminant adsorption, (ii) adsorption properties and mechanisms associated with the engineered adsorbent and expected for certain pollutants, and (iii) research gaps in the field, which could be a guidance for future studies. In terms of production and characterization of materials, standalone pyrolysis or hybrid procedures (pyrolysis associated with chemical activation methods) are the most applied techniques, yielding high surface area and other surface properties that are crucial to the adsorption of organic contaminants. The adsorption of organic compounds on carbonaceous materials performed well at wide range of pH and temperatures and this is desirable considering the pH of process waters. The mechanisms are frequently pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, and same precursor material can present more than one adsorption mechanism, which can be beneficial to target more than one organic contaminant. Research gaps include the evaluation of engineered adsorbents in terms of competitive adsorption, application of adsorbents in oil and gas industry process water, adsorbent regeneration and reuse studies, and pilot or full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Chelme-Ayala
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Chelsea Benally
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Bader S Al-Anzi
- Department of Environmental Technology Management, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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17
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Eloffy MG, Elgarahy AM, Saber AN, Hammad A, El-Sherif DM, Shehata M, Mohsen A, Elwakeel KZ. Biomass-to-sustainable biohydrogen: insights into the production routes, and technical challenges. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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18
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Abstract
Continuous urbanization and modernization have increased the burning of fossil fuels to meet energy needs across the globe, emanating environmental pollution and depleting fossil fuels. Therefore, a shift towards sustainable and renewable energy is necessary. Several techniques to exploit biomass to yield energy are trending, with pyrolysis one of them. Usually, a single feedstock is employed in pyrolysis for anoxygenic generation of biochar together with bio-oil at elevated temperatures (350–600 °C). Bio-oil produced through pyrolysis can be upgraded to crude oil after some modification. However, these modifications of bio-oil are one of the major drawbacks for its large-scale adoption, as upgradation increases the overall cost. Therefore, in recent years the scientific community has been researching co-pyrolysis technology that involves the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass waste with non-biodegradable waste. Co-pyrolysis reduces the need for post-modification of bio-oil, unlike pyrolysis of a single feedstock. This review article discusses the recent advancements and technological challenges in waste biomass co-pyrolysis, the mechanism of co-pyrolysis, and factors that affect co-pyrolysis. The current study critically analyzes different recent research articles presented in databases such as PubMed, MDPI, ScienceDirect, Springer, etc. Hence, this review is one-of-a-kind in that it attempts to explain each and every aspect of the co-pyrolysis process and its current progress in the scientific field. Consequently, this review also compiles the remarkable achievements in co-pyrolysis and recommendations for the future.
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19
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Scrinzi D, Bona D, Denaro A, Silvestri S, Andreottola G, Fiori L. Hydrochar and hydrochar co-compost from OFMSW digestate for soil application: 1. production and chemical characterization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114688. [PMID: 35180435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The best available technique (BAT) for managing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is represented by anaerobic digestion (AD) and subsequent composting. This research explored a new industrial model in the framework of the C2Land international project, with the insertion of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a post-treatment for OFMSW digestate. The reaction was set for 3 h at three different temperatures (180 ÷ 220 °C); the wet solid hydrochar obtained after filtration was then co-composted with greenery waste as a bulking agent and untreated OFMSW digestate in four different proportions in bench-scale bioreactors. The hydrochars and the hydrochar co-composts were suitable for agro-industrial applications, while the HTC liquors were tested in biochemical methane potential (BMP) for internal recirculation to AD. The scenarios proposed can be beneficial for plant enhancement and increased biogas production. This study reports results connected to the production phase. Mass balances confirmed that, during HTC, phosphorus precipitated into the solid products, organic nitrogen partially mineralized into ammonium, and oxidizable organic matter solubilized. The selected hydrochar obtained at 200 °C had mean (dry) solid, liquid, and gaseous yields equal to 77, 20, and 3 %db, respectively. The dynamic respirometric index (DRI) confirmed that the reproduced BAT for the composting process was effective in producing high-quality hydrochar co-composts in terms of biological stability. The BMP tests on HTC liquors showed some inhibitory effects, suggesting the need for future studies with inoculum adaptation and co-digestion, to dilute toxic compounds and enhance biogas production. Part 2 of this study describes the agro-environmental properties of hydrochars and hydrochar co-composts, including the beneficial effect of composting on hydrochars phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Scrinzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniela Bona
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Environmental, Energy and Livestock Resources Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Denaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Silvestri
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Environmental, Energy and Livestock Resources Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Fiori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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20
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Exploring the Adsorption of Pb on Microalgae-Derived Biochar: A Versatile Material for Environmental Remediation and Electroanalytical Applications. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon material obtained by pyrolysis of biomasses, is increasingly applied in environmental remediation and sensing thanks to its functional properties, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. The adsorption capacity of biochar, strictly dependent on its specific surface area, heteroatom doping and surface functional groups, is crucial for these applications. Here, biochar produced at low temperature (350 °C) from a marine microalga (Nannochloropsis sp.) is proposed as an efficient adsorbent of lead (II) ions in aqueous solution; this production strategy promotes the natural self-doping of biochar without requiring harsh conditions. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the adsorption process, as well as the effect of pH, ionic strength and dissolved organic matter on the adsorption efficiency were systematically assessed. The microalgae-derived biochar shows superior adsorption performances compared to a nutshell-derived one (used as a reference of lignocellulosic feedstocks) under all the tested conditions. The microalgae-derived biochar was finally used to decorate screen-printed carbon electrodes to improve the electroanalytical performances towards the voltammetric detection of lead (II) ions. A two-fold increase in sensitivity was obtained compared to the unmodified electrode thanks to the enhanced electron transfer and adsorption properties provided by biochar. These results highlight the potentialities of microalgae-derived biochar for environmental and sensing applications.
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21
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Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment by Eggshell Modified Biochar as Adsorbent: Atechno-Economic and Sustainable Approach. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2323836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Petrochemical industrial wastewater (PIW)contains toluene and xylene (TX), and various organic and inorganic pollutants, causing severe risks to human health if improperly released into the environmental matrices. For the long-term reliability of environmental conservation, this study illustrates the interlinkage between PIW treatment and the three pillars of sustainable development. Sewage sludge biochar was modified with eggshell, showing a relatively high fixed C content (increase in carbonization degree), and small O/C and N/C ratios. The prepared biochar was employed for TX adsorption in mono-component solutions, giving removal efficiencies of 79.1% (T) and 86.6% (X), at pH =10, adsorbent dosage =2 g/L, and Co =40 mg/L within 60 min. The main adsorption mechanism was physisorption, including precipitation/pore-filling, π-π dispersive interaction, and van der Waals force. The modified biochar also treated real PIW under five adsorption/regeneration cycles, providing essential steps toward large-scale applications. According to an economic feasibility estimation, the biochar application for treating 1 m3 of PIW would offer a payback period of 6.9 yr. The study outputs could be linked to the restoration of water-related ecosystems, biochar modification for industrial applications, and climate change mitigation, adopting the 2030 agenda and its sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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22
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Application of Biochar as Functional Material for Remediation of Organic Pollutants in Water: An Overview. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the use of biochar as a biological material for environmental remediation due to its low-cost precursor (waste), low toxicity, and diversity of active sites, along with their facile tailoring techniques. Due to its versatility, biochar has been employed as an adsorbent, catalyst (for activating hydrogen peroxide, ozone, persulfate), and photocatalyst. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and compare the application of biochar in water remediation. First, the biochar active sites with their functions are presented. Secondly, an overview and summary of biochar performance in treating organic pollutants in different systems is depicted. Thereafter, an evaluation on performance, removal mechanism, active sites involvement, tolerance to different pH values, stability, and reusability, and an economic analysis of implementing biochar for organic pollutants decontamination in each application is presented. Finally, potential prospects to overcome the drawbacks of each application are provided.
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23
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Metal-Supported Biochar Catalysts for Sustainable Biorefinery, Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage Applications: A Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar (BCH) is a carbon-based bio-material produced from thermochemical conversion of biomass. Several activation or functionalization methods are usually used to improve physicochemical and functional properties of BCHs. In the context of green and sustainable future development, activated and functionalized biochars with abundant surface functional groups and large surface area can act as effective catalysts or catalyst supports for chemical transformation of a range of bioproducts in biorefineries. Above the well-known BCH applications, their use as adsorbents to remove pollutants are the mostly discussed, although their potential as catalysts or catalyst supports for advanced (electro)catalytic processes has not been comprehensively explored. In this review, the production/activation/functionalization of metal-supported biochar (M-BCH) are scrutinized, giving special emphasis to the metal-functionalized biochar-based (electro)catalysts as promising catalysts for bioenergy and bioproducts production. Their performance in the fields of biorefinery processes, and energy storage and conversion as electrode materials for oxygen and hydrogen evolutions, oxygen reduction, and supercapacitors, are also reviewed and discussed.
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24
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Hoang AT, Nižetić S, Cheng CK, Luque R, Thomas S, Banh TL, Pham VV, Nguyen XP. Heavy metal removal by biomass-derived carbon nanotubes as a greener environmental remediation: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131959. [PMID: 34454224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of heavy metal ions found in waterways near industrial zones are often exceed the prescribed limits, posing a continued danger to the environment and public health. Therefore, greater attention has been devoted into finding the efficient solutions for adsorbing heavy metal ions. This review paper focuses on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from biomass and their application in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Techniques to produce CNTs, benefits of modification with various functional groups to enhance sorption uptake, effects of operating parameters, and adsorption mechanisms are reviewed. Adsorption occurs via physical adsorption, electrostatic interaction, surface complexation, and interaction between functional groups and heavy metal ions. Moreover, factors such as pH level, CNTs dosage, duration, temperature, ionic strength, and surface property of adsorbents have been identified as the common factors influencing the adsorption of heavy metals. The oxygenated functional groups initially present on the surface of the modified CNTs are responsible towards the adsorption enhancement of commonly-encountered heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, and Cr6+. Despite the recent advances in the application of CNTs in environmental clean-up and pollution treatment have been demonstrated, major obstacles of CNTs such as high synthesis cost, the agglomeration in the post-treated solutions and the secondary pollution from chemicals in the surface modification, should be critically addressed in the future studies for successful large-scale applications of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Sandro Nižetić
- University of Split, FESB, Rudjera Boskovica 32, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Ctra. Nnal. IV-A, Km. 396, E-14014, Cordoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Tien Long Banh
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Viet Pham
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan Phuong Nguyen
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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25
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Gasim MF, Lim JW, Low SC, Lin KYA, Oh WD. Can biochar and hydrochar be used as sustainable catalyst for persulfate activation? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132458. [PMID: 34610377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in using char (hydrochar or biochar) derived from biomass as persulfate (PS, either peroxymonosulfate or peroxydisulfate) activator for anthropogenic pollutants removal. While extensive investigation showed that char could be used as a PS activator, its sustainability over prolonged application is equivocal. This review provides an assessment of the knowledge gap related to the sustainability of char as a PS activator. The desirable char properties for PS activation are identified, include the high specific surface area and favorable surface chemistry. Various synthesis strategies to obtain the desirable properties during biomass pre-treatment, hydrochar and biochar synthesis, and char post-treatment are discussed. Thereafter, factors related to the sustainability of employing char as a PS activator for anthropogenic pollutants removal are critically evaluated. Among the critical factors include performance uncertainty, competing adsorption process, char stability during PS activation, biomass precursor variation, scalability, and toxic components in char. Finally, some potential research directions are provided. Fulfilling the sustainability factors will provide opportunity to employ char as an economical and efficient catalyst for sustainable environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Chun Low
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Da Oh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Suo F, You X, Yin S, Wu H, Zhang C, Yu X, Sun R, Li Y. Preparation and characterization of biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of Enteromorpha prolifera and corn straw and its potential as a soil amendment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149167. [PMID: 34375261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single biomass feedstock approach may not meet the requirements for developing biochar with desired characteristics for use as soil amendment. In this study, biochars were prepared by co-pyrolysis of nutrients-rich Enteromorpha prolifera and lignocellulose-rich corn straw (CPECs) at different mass ratios (3:7, 1:1, and 7:3). CPECs presented higher water-soluble N/P contents than corn straw biochar, and exhibited larger surface area, low Na content, and slower nutrient release rate than Enteromorpha prolifera biochar. The modification in physicochemical and properties of CPECs enhanced its potential application as a soil amendment. A pot experiment showed that CPECs derived from co-pyrolysis of appropriate ratios of Enteromorpha prolifera and corn straw (1:1, 7:3) significantly increased the biomass of cherry tomato plant by 64.05%, 40.03% and 81.88%, 55.25%, when compared with corn straw biochar and Enteromorpha prolifera biochar, respectively. The positive effects of CPECs were primarily attributed to improved soil properties (e.g., water holding capacity, soil organic matter, pH, soil nutrients content) and increased total N/P uptake by plants. The results of this work provided potentials of developing "designer" biochars to meet the multiple soil requirements by co-pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyue Suo
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiangwei You
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Shaojing Yin
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Haiyun Wu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xueyang Yu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Li C, Xie S, Wang Y, Jiang R, Wang X, Lv N, Pan X, Cai G, Yu G, Wang Y. Multi-functional biochar preparation and heavy metal immobilization by co-pyrolysis of livestock feces and biomass waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 134:241-250. [PMID: 34454190 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass waste is a desirable additive in livestock feces biochar preparation due to its easy access, better moisture adjustment, and abundant organic content. In the present study, co-pyrolysis of livestock feces (PM: pig manure, CM: chicken manure) and biomass wastes (WC: wood chips, BS: bamboo sawdust, RH: rice husk, and CH: chaff) with different blending ratios was conducted at 600 °C to investigate the biochar characteristic and Cu/Zn immobilization performances. The results showed that WC and BS have more significant effect on the increase in fixed carbon content and heating value and the decrease in ash content of biochar. The biochar with lower pH and electrical conductivity is obtained from co-pyrolysis of manure with RH and CH. Compared with CM-based biochar, PM-based biochar presented better potential as fuel and soil remediation considering the higher heating value and lower aromatic H/C ratio. Specially, the residual fractions of Cu and Zn in PM biochar increased from 73.09% and 65.54% to 90.68% and 72.31% after 10 wt% BS addition and those in CM biochar increased from 81.07% and 73.57% to 88.87% and 84.11% after 10 wt% WC addition, which induced the lowest environmental risk of biochar. This work provided a strategy and direction for targeted enhancement in biochar characteristics with selective biomass addition during manure pyrolysis, which is beneficial to the local treatment and utilization of farm wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Shengyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ruqing Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Nan Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaofang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guanjing Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Nzediegwu C, Naeth MA, Chang SX. Carbonization temperature and feedstock type interactively affect chemical, fuel, and surface properties of hydrochars. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124976. [PMID: 33743274 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process that converts wet/dry biomass to hydrochars (for use as solid fuels or adsorbents) needs to be optimized. We investigated the interactive effects of feedstock type and HTC temperature on chemical, fuel, and surface properties of hydrochars produced from lignocellulosic (canola straw, sawdust and wheat straw) and non-lignocellulosic feedstocks (manure pellet) at 180, 240 and 300 °C. Increased HTC temperature decreased hydrochar yield and surface functional group abundance, but increased hydrochar thermal stability due to increased devolatilization and carbonization. Hydrochar surface area ranged from 1.76 to 30.59 m2g-1, much lower than those of commercially available activated carbon. Lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic feedstocks were distinctly affected by HTC temperature due to variable carbonization from ashing. Hydrochars produced from lignocellulosic biomass at 240 and 300 °C resembled high-volatile bituminous coal. Hydrochars should be designed for specific applications such as fuels by selecting specific feedstock types and carbonization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nzediegwu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E3, Canada
| | - M Anne Naeth
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E3, Canada
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E3, Canada.
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29
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Mahmoud ME, Mohamed AK, Salam MA. Self-decoration of N-doped graphene oxide 3-D hydrogel onto magnetic shrimp shell biochar for enhanced removal of hexavalent chromium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124951. [PMID: 33388629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel decorated and combined N-doped graphene oxide hydrogel with shrimp shell magnetic biochar (NGO3DH-MSSB) biosorbent was fabricated as an effective material for Cr(VI) removal. Three-dimensional self-assembled graphene oxide hydrogel was synthesized using nitrogen source, ethylenediamine (EDA). Characterizations of NGO3DH-MSSB biosorbent were established by FT-IR, TGA, SEM and BET, where high surface area (398.05 m2/g) compared with that of MSSB (138.64 m2/g) was characterized. The maximum achieved swelling ratio (800%) was only after 300 min. The binding mechanisms between Cr(VI) ions and NGO3DH-MSSB biosorbent were controlled by electrostatic adsorption (ion-pair), pore filling, and reduction-coordination reaction. Adsorption was described by the pseudo-second order kinetic (R2 =0.9994, 0.9983 and 0.9992) at 10, 50 and 100 mg/L and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 =0.9997, 0.9957 and 0.9912) at 25, 40 and 50 °C. The adsorption capacity (350.42 mg/g) was achieved at pH 1.0, using initial Cr(VI) concentration (100 mg/L) and contact time (180 min) at room temperature. NGO3DH-MSSB biosorbent could be successfully reused after eight cycles. The percentage removal of Cr(VI) were confirmed as 99.79%, 99.20% and 98.00% from tap water, sea water and wastewater, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Mahmoud
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Moharem bey, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa K Mohamed
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Moharem bey, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel Salam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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30
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Xing J, Xu G, Li G. Comparison of pyrolysis process, various fractions and potential soil applications between sewage sludge-based biochars and lignocellulose-based biochars. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111756. [PMID: 33396079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To deeply assess the feasibility of sewage sludge-based biochars for use in soil applications, this review compared sewage sludge-based biochars (SSBBs) with lignocellulose-based biochars (LCBBs) in terms of their pyrolysis processes, various fractions and potential soil applications. Based on the reviewed literature, significant differences between the components of SSBB and LCBB result in different pyrolysis behavior. In terms of the fractions of biochars, obvious differences were confirmed to exist in the carbon content, surface functional groups, types of ash fractions and contents of potential toxic elements (PTEs). However, a clear influence of the feedstock on labile carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was not observed in the current research. These differences determined subsequent discrepancies in the soil application potential and corresponding mechanisms. The major challenges facing biochar application in soils and corresponding recommendations for future research were also addressed. LCBBs promote carbon sequestration, heavy metal retention and organic matter immobilization. The application of SSBBs is a promising approach to improve soil phosphorus fertility, immobilize heavy metals and provide available carbon sources for soil microbes to stimulate microbial biomass. The present review provides guidance information for selecting appropriate types of biochars to address targeted soil issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xing
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guoren Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibai Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Fernández-Sanromán Á, Lama G, Pazos M, Rosales E, Sanromán MÁ. Bridging the gap to hydrochar production and its application into frameworks of bioenergy, environmental and biocatalysis areas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124399. [PMID: 33220547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a facile, low-cost and eco-friendly thermal conversion process that has recently gained attention with a growing number of publications (lower 50 in 2000 to over 1500 in 2020). Despite being a promising technology, problems such as operational barriers, complex reaction mechanisms and scaling have to be solved to make it a commercial technology. To bridge this current gap, this review elaborates on the chemistry of the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Besides, a comprehensive overview of the influence of the HTC operational conditions (pH, temperature, water:biomass ratio, residence time and water recirculation) are discussed to better understand how hydrochar with desired properties can be efficiently produced. Large-scale examples of the application of HTC are also presented. Current applications of hydrochar in the fields of energy, biocatalysis and environment are reviewed. Finally, economic cost and future prospects are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Fernández-Sanromán
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Gabriela Lama
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Emilio Rosales
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Sanromán
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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32
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Nzediegwu C, Arshad M, Ulah A, Naeth MA, Chang SX. Fuel, thermal and surface properties of microwave-pyrolyzed biochars depend on feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124282. [PMID: 33120061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the fuel, thermal and surface properties of twelve biochars produced from three lignocellulosic (canola straw, sawdust, wheat straw) and one non-lignocellulosic feedstock (manure pellet) pyrolyzed at three temperatures using a microwave. Regardless of feedstock type, increasing pyrolysis temperature progressively reduced the abundance of -OH functional group and yield, but increased pH and thermal stability of biochar. Gross calorific values (GCV), carbon stability, and degree of aromaticity of biochars derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks increased with increasing temperature due to decreased elemental oxygen content. However, high ash content in the non-lignocellulosic feedstock retarded its thermal degradation, producing biochars with low GCV. The specific surface area of biochars was low, with the highest value of 43 m2 g-1 achieved for sawdust biochar produced at 500 °C. We conclude that the fuel, thermal, and surface properties of the biochars were dependent on the feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nzediegwu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; Land Reclamation International Graduate School, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Muhammed Arshad
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; Land Reclamation International Graduate School, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Aman Ulah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; Land Reclamation International Graduate School, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - M Anne Naeth
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; Land Reclamation International Graduate School, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; Land Reclamation International Graduate School, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada.
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Chen YD, Wang R, Duan X, Wang S, Ren NQ, Ho SH. Production, properties, and catalytic applications of sludge derived biochar for environmental remediation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116390. [PMID: 32950796 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environment-friendly and cost-effective disposal and reutilization of sludge wastes are essential in wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs). Converting activated sludge into biochar via thermochemical treatment is a promising technology for waste management in WWTPs. This review summarizes the compositions of sludge, the dewatering methods, and the thermochemical methods whichinfluence the structures, chemistry, and catalytic performances of the derived biochar. Moreover, the physiochemical characteristics and chemical stability of sludge biochar are discussed. Catalytic applications of biochar are highlighted, including the reaction mechanisms and feasibility for catalytic removal of organic contaminants. High-temperature carbonized sludge biochar exhibits excellent performance for persulfate activation in advanced oxidation processes due to the graphitic carbon structure, newly-created active sites, and fine-tuned metal species. Therefore, the sludge biochar can be produced via cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches to immobilize harmful components from sludge and remediate organic pollution in wastewater, offering a sustainable route toward sludge reutilization into value-added products for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-di Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Rupeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Comprehensive comparison of microalgae-derived biochar from different feedstocks: A prospective study for future environmental applications. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang Q, Zhang D, Lu W, Khan MU, Xu H, Yi W, Lei H, Huo E, Qian M, Zhao Y, Zou R. Production of high-density polyethylene biocomposites from rice husk biochar: Effects of varying pyrolysis temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139910. [PMID: 32531606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The novelty of this study is to explore the effect of temperature varied biochar on the properties of biochar/polymers composites. Rice husk biochar (RB) samples were prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures and injection molding was used to prepare RB/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Additionally, ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), pore structure characteristics, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile properties, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to characterize these RB and RB/HDPE composites samples. The results validated that RB obtained at 600 °C showed the highest carbon content, the most complete pore structure, and the largest specific surface area. Moreover, the thermal studies revealed that the addition of RB improved the thermal stability of HDPE. The best tensile strength (26.25 MPa) and Young's modulus (1.87 GPa) were obtained in 500 °C RB/HDPE composites and 600 °C RB/HDPE composites due to their good physical/mechanical interlocking structures shown in SEM. DMA revealed that the stiffness, elasticity, creep resistance and stress relaxation of the composites were improved by the addition of RB. The utilization of temperature varied biochars in biocomposites is important to manage wastes and optimize the properties of biocomposites in terms of reducing production cost and ensuring environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Donghong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Hang Xu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Weiming Yi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Erguang Huo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Moriko Qian
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Rongge Zou
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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36
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Revolutions in algal biochar for different applications: State-of-the-art techniques and future scenarios. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kumar A, Kumar J, Bhaskar T. High surface area biochar from Sargassum tenerrimum as potential catalyst support for selective phenol hydrogenation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109533. [PMID: 32334171 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a biomass-derived carbon-rich, highly porous, and renewable material, which can be used as catalyst support. In this study, high surface area biochar is prepared from Sargassum tenerrimum dry seaweed (SDSW) by the chemical activation method. The effect of variations in experimental conditions (KOH amount, carbonization temperature, activation time, and heating rate) on the physicochemical properties of activated biochar was investigated. Optimum activated carbon (SDSW-ABC) has been used as catalyst support for the preparation of Ni and Co based catalyst. Prepared catalyst (NiCo/SDSW-ABC) was characterized using BET, TGA, XRD, TPD, TPR, and TEM. Catalytic activity of NiCo/SDSW-ABC was evaluated for phenol hydrogenation at a wide range of temperatures (60-140 °C), hydrogen pressures (3-7 MPa), and reaction times (2-8 h) in various polar solvents. The catalyst demonstrated selective phenol conversion (≥99.9%) to cyclohexanol (≥99.9%) at 5 MPa, 100 °C, and 4 h in isopropanol. NiCo/SDW-ABC also explored for hydrogenation of few other lignin model compounds with different functionalities to evaluate the applicability of catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
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38
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Mohamed AK, Mahmoud ME. Nanoscale Pisum sativum pods biochar encapsulated starch hydrogel: A novel nanosorbent for efficient chromium (VI) ions and naproxen drug removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 308:123263. [PMID: 32247259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of novel ecofriendly and sustainable (N-PSPB/SHGL) nanosorbent was fabricated based on encapsulation of derived nanoscale spherical biochar from Pisum sativum pods (N-PSPB) with starch hydrogel (SHGL). The mass ratio between starch and N-PSPB was examined and 2% (w/w) was selected as the optimum percentage for fabrication of the assembled hydrogel. High swelling capacity was characterized by N-PSPB/SHGL nanosorbent (500.0%) at room temperature (25 °C), excellent stability for ten cycles with respect to regeneration by 0.1 mol L-1 HCl. Additionally, characterizations of N-PSPB/Starch nanosorbent were established by SEM and BET measurement to characterize surface area (226.94 m2/g) and pore volume (9.88 cm3/g). The N-PSPB/SHGL nanosorbent was subjected to extensive investigations to evaluate its efficiency for removal of naproxen drug (NAP) and chromium (VI). The Cr(VI) and NAP drug adsorptions were fitted to pseudo-second kinetic and correlated with Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption processes were spontaneous and endothermic based on thermodynamic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa K Mohamed
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Moharem bey, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Mahmoud
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Moharem bey, Alexandria, Egypt.
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39
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Casson Moreno V, Iervolino G, Tugnoli A, Cozzani V. Techno-economic and environmental sustainability of biomass waste conversion based on thermocatalytic reforming. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 101:106-115. [PMID: 31605925 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The development and design of innovative biomass waste to energy conversion processes is a key issue to pursue the implementation of circular economy and to endorse a sustainable management of agricultural land. Assessing the environmental and economic sustainability of such processes is of paramount importance to prevent the trade-off of their impacts. The present study focused on a novel biomass waste to energy conversion process based on thermocatalytic reforming (TCR). Two different agricultural waste substrates (olive wood pruning and digestate) were selected as reference cases for conversion to energy and valuable material fractions. Mass and energy balances allowed the calculation of environmental and economic indexes considering alternative scenarios for the final use of the energy and of the products obtained from the TCR conversion (i.e. syngas, bio-oil and bio-char). A sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the robustness of results. The overall performances of the TCR process resulted strongly related to the characteristics of the biomass waste and to the possible use of the product fractions obtained in the TCR process. The use of bio-char for soil amendment, allowed by the high quality of bio-char obtained from the TCR, was a key point to improve the expected environmental and economic sustainability of the conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Casson Moreno
- LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n.28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Iervolino
- LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n.28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tugnoli
- LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n.28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Cozzani
- LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n.28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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40
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Zhao R, Wang X, Liu L, Li P, Tian L. Slow pyrolysis characteristics of bamboo subfamily evaluated through kinetics and evolved gases analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121674. [PMID: 31247527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the pyrolysis and kinetic characteristics of three varieties of the bamboo subfamily via thermogravimetry/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) coupling technologies. The pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages of dehydration, volatilization, and carbonization. TG-FTIR analysis revealed that evolved gas is constituted by CO2, CO, CH4, H2O, NO, NO2, formic acid, HCN, and CO functional groups as major pyrolysis products. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis were calculated using model-free methods of distributed activation energy (DAEM). With an increase in conversion, the activation energy of each bamboo subfamily exhibited distinct variations. The average values of activation energy for moso bamboo, bambusa multiplex, and black bamboo determined by DAEM were 201.59, 220.49, and 224.47 kJ/mol, respectively. Results of thermodynamic and kinetic analysis indicate that the bamboo subfamily shows great potential as an alternative fuel by pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxuan Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Liansheng Liu
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Pei Li
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Liang Tian
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
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41
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Yang Z, Fu L, Fan F. Thermal Characteristics and Kinetics of Waste Camellia oleifera Shells by TG-GC/MS. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10370-10375. [PMID: 31460131 PMCID: PMC6648589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a large amount of Camellia oleifera shells generated as a waste product from industrial processes. Therefore, the high-value utilization of C. oleifera shells is a hotspot of current research. The thermal characteristics and kinetics of waste Camellia shells (WCOSs) were analyzed by thermogravimetry with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TG-GC/MS). The thermal behavior of WCOSs was studied at 10, 20, 40, and 60 °C/min, and the distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was used to research the kinetics and activation energies. The activation energies of WCOSs based on the DAEM ranged from 68.64 to 244.49 kJ/mol, corresponding to the conversion rate from 0.10 to 0.90. The correlation coefficient (R 2) shows the best fit, and it ranged from 0.921 to 0.994. Pyrolysis products at four key temperature points (228, 296, 492, and 698 °C) were studied via GC/MS. Many compounds were detected at the different temperatures. With the increase of temperature, furans, benzene, and long-chain alkanes were produced successively. This data will help to expand the utilization of WCOSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fangyu Fan
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation
and Utilisation in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education,
College of Life Sciences, and College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, Yunnan, China
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42
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Luo H, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Li Y, Qi M, Ma R, Yang S, Wang Y. Iron-rich microorganism-enabled synthesis of magnetic biocarbon for efficient adsorption of diclofenac from aqueous solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:310-317. [PMID: 30875599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms in nature have been suggested as effective synthetic platform for functional materials construction. In this study, we cultured a typical white rot fungus of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in iron-containing medium to obtain iron-rich biomass, serving as sole precursor for magnetic biocarbon synthesis. The accumulated iron in biomass reached to 4.6 wt%. After carbonization and activation, microporous magnetic biocarbon (Fe/BC) with high specific surface area of 1986 m2 g-1 was obtained. When applied as adsorbent for a model pharmaceutical (diclofenac sodium, DCF) removal from aqueous solution, a high adsorption capacity of 361.25 mg g-1 was found for the developed Fe/BC. Systematic isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic and recycle studies were conducted to investigate adsorption behaviors of DCF onto Fe/BC. This work not only provides a novel strategy for magnetic biocarbon construction, but also envisions new perspective on the utilization of a variety of microorganisms in nature for functional materials preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yulin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Man Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Runze Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shihao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yabo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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43
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Yu J, Maliutina K, Tahmasebi A. A review on the production of nitrogen-containing compounds from microalgal biomass via pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:689-701. [PMID: 30206030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs) which may be produced from nitrogen-rich biomass such as microalgae, may find important biochemical and biomedical applications. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about the formation mechanism of NCCs during pyrolysis of microalgae. The key technical and biological aspects of microalgae and pyrolysis process parameters, which influence the formation of NCCs, have been analyzed. The mechanism of formation of NCCs such as indole, pyridine, amides, and nitriles during primary and secondary pyrolysis reactions are elaborated. It has been emphasized that the pyrolysis conditions and the use of catalysts had significant impacts on the yields and compositions of NCCs. The available information shows that the transformation of nitrogen and nitrogen functionalities during pyrolysis are strongly associated with the formation process of NCCs. The challenges in the development of pyrolysis technologies for the production of NCCs from microalgae are identified with future research needs identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China; Chemical Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kristina Maliutina
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Arash Tahmasebi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Coal and Coking Technology of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China; Chemical Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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44
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Cho DW, Tsang DCW, Kim S, Kwon EE, Kwon G, Song H. Thermochemical conversion of cobalt-loaded spent coffee grounds for production of energy resource and environmental catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:346-351. [PMID: 30243241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemical conversion of cobalt (Co)-loaded lignin-rich spent coffee grounds (COSCG) was carried out to find the appropriate pyrolytic conditions (atmospheric gas and pyrolytic time) for syngas production (H2 and CO) and fabricate Co-biochar catalyst (CBC) in one step. The use of CO2 as atmospheric gas and 110-min pyrolytic time was optimal for generation of H2 (∼1.6 mol% in non-isothermal pyrolysis for 50 min) and CO (∼4.7 mol% in isothermal pyrolysis for 60 min) during thermochemical process of COSCG. The physicochemical properties of CBC fabricated using optimized pyrolytic conditions for syngas production were scrutinized using various analytical instruments (FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS). The characterizations exhibited that the catalyst consisted of metallic Co and surface wrinkled carbon layers. As a case study, the catalytic capability of CBC was tested by reducing p-nitrophenol (PNP), and the reaction kinetics of PNP in the presence of CBC was measured from 0.04 to 0.12 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sohyun Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihoon Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Zhang J, Huang B, Chen L, Li Y, Li W, Luo Z. Characteristics of biochar produced from yak manure at different pyrolysis temperatures and its effects on the yield and growth of highland barley. CHEMICAL SPECIATION & BIOAVAILABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2018.1487774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, PR China
- The State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhuanxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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