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Bhattacharya R, Mazumder D. Process optimization of a moving bed bioreactor undergoing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification for wastewater in the absence of organic carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3706-3720. [PMID: 37345967 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2227388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Moving bed bioreactors are efficient for the removal of nitrogen effluents by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), which is particularly challenging for effluents with low C/N ratio due to insufficient carbon available for denitrification. The addition of external organic carbon in such cases increases treatment costs. Endogenous degradation of biomass offers a cost-effective and persistent source of carbon. Internal carbon leads to low denitrification rates and optimizing the biomass content leads to a sustainable solution for treating such effluents. The present study aims to optimize the process of SND using endogenous carbon by investigating the effect of operational parameters like dissolved oxygen, influent ammonium (NH4-N) loading, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and carrier filling ratio (CFR). The synthetic wastewater used in the study does not inherently contain any organic carbon, thus indicating the responsible carbon for denitrification to be of internal origin. Using a novel carrier for multispecies biofilm development, initial NH4-N concentration variation showed an insignificant effect on SND efficiency. At higher loading, nitrite accumulation due to incomplete denitrification was observed. The effect of CFR was investigated in a range of 20-35%, beyond which non-homogeneous mixing was caused in the reactor. Under controlled DO and temperature of about 5 mg/L and 28 ± 2°C, respectively, an optimum filling ratio of 35% was finalised, resulting in an SND efficiency of 97.9% at 22 h HRT for high influent NH4-N concentration of 500 mg/L. Bacteriological species identification revealed the coexistence of nitrogen-fixing, aerobic nitrifying and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria in the biofilm growing on the biocarrier.Mechanism of SND occurring in aerobic moving bed bioreactors: Laboratory-scale aerobic Moving Bed Bioreactor setup for a continuous study evaluating the influence of operational parameters on SNDOccurrence of aerobic and anoxic zones in biofilm grown on the surface of novel carriers due to diffusional gradient of dissolved oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumi Bhattacharya
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India
| | - Debabrata Mazumder
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India
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Yan Z, Han X, Wang H, Jin Y, Song X. Influence of aeration modes and DO on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in treatment of hypersaline high-strength nitrogen wastewater using sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121075. [PMID: 38723502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) has the potential to treat hypersaline high-strength nitrogen wastewater by simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND). Dissolved oxygen (DO) and aeration modes are major factors affecting pollutant removal. Low DO (0.35-3.5 mg/L) and alternative anoxic/aerobic (A/O) mode are commonly used for municipal wastewater treatment, however, the appropriate DO concentration and operation mode are still unknown under hypersaline environment because of the restricted oxygen transfer in denser extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) barrier and the decreased carbon source consumption during the anoxic phase. Herein, two SBBRs (R1, fully aerobic mode; R2, A/O mode) were used for the treatment of hypersaline high-strength nitrogen wastewater (200 mg/L NH4+-N, COD/N of 3 and 3% salinity). The results showed that the relatively low DO (2 mg/L) could not realize effective nitrification, while high DO (4.5 mg/L) evidently increased nitrification efficiency by enhancing oxygen transfer in denser biofilm that was stimulated by high salinity. A stable SND was reached 16 days faster with a ∼10% increase of TN removal under A/O mode. Mechanism analysis found that denser biofilm with coccus and bacillus were present in A/O mode instead of filamentous microorganisms, with the secretion of more EPS. Corynebacterium and Halomonas were the dominant genera in both SBBRs, and HN-AD process might assist partial nitrification-denitrification (PND) for highly efficient TN removal in biofilm systems. By using the appropriate operation mode and parameters, the average NH4+-N and TN removal efficiency could respectively reach 100% and 70.8% under the NLR of 0.2 kg N·m-3·d-1 (COD/N of 3), which was the highest among the published works using SND-based SBBRs in treatment of saline high-strength ammonia nitrogen (low COD/N) wastewater. This study provided new insights in biofilm under hypersaline stress and provided a solution for the treatment of hypersaline high-strength nitrogen (low COD/N) water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xushen Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Haodi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yan Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xingfu Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Lv J, Li M, Yang G, Cao Y, Xiao F. Research on carbon and nitrogen removal of tetramethylammonium hydroxide containing wastewater by combined anaerobic/integrated fixed film activated sludge process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141711. [PMID: 38484994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is widely used as a developer and etchant in the thin-film transistor liquid crystal display industry, which is the main component of developer wastewater with low C/N ratio. This study investigated TMAH degradation by combined anaerobic/integrated fixed film activated sludge (A/IFAS) process, especially for nitrogen removal. Effects of process condition on the TMAH degradation were studied, including dissolved oxygen concentration in IFAS reactor and the temperature of anaerobic reactor. Especially, the nitrogen removal was studied through the monitoring of intermediate products during TMAH biodegradation. The results indicated that lower the anaerobic treatment temperature can provide more available organic matters to enhance the denitrification in the subsequent IFAS reactor. Less oxygen supply in the IFAS reactor contributed to simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Removal efficiency of total organic carbon and total nitrogen was up to 95.8% and 80.7%, when the temperature of anaerobic treatment was controlled at 30 °C with the DO kept at 0.7 mg/L. It indicated that A/IFAS process was efficient in carbon and nitrogen removal for TMAH degradation. The results also confirmed intermediate products of TMAH biodegradation can be used as the electron donor during denitrification, including trimethylamine, dimethylamine and methylamine. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum contribute to nitrogen removal. Compared to sludge flocs in IFAS reactor, richer community and higher microbial diversity were observed in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Guanyi Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Yiqing Cao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Shanghai Dong Zhen Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Fu M, Qiu S, Wang J, Zhu Y, Yuan M, Wang L. Tourmaline mediated enhanced autotrophic denitrification: The mechanisms of electron transfer and Paracoccus enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169847. [PMID: 38185169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Autotrophic denitrification (AD) without carbon source is an inevitable choice for denitrification of municipal wastewater under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This study first employed sulfur-tourmaline-AD (STAD) as an innovative nitrate removal trial technique in wastewater. STAD demonstrated a 2.23-fold increase in nitrate‑nitrogen (NO3--N) removal rate with reduced nitrite‑nitrogen (NO2--N) accumulation, effectively removing 99 % of nitrogen pollutants compared to sulfur denitrification. Some denitrifiers microorganisms that could secrete tyrosine, tryptophan, and aromatic protein (extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)). Moreover, according to the EPS composition and characteristics analysis, the secretion of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) that bound to the bacterial endogenous respiration and enriched microbial abundance, was produced more in the STAD system, further improving the system stability. Furthermore, the addition of tourmaline (Tm) facilitated the discovery of a new genus (Paracoccus) that enhanced nitrate decomposition. Applying optimal electron donors through metabolic pathways and the microbial community helps to strengthen the AD process and treat low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Fu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, China
| | - Shan Qiu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, China.
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, China
| | - Yingshi Zhu
- Zhejiang Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311100, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mu Yuan
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, China
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Ma W, Zhang X, Han H, Shi X, Kong Q, Yu T, Zhao F. Overview of enhancing biological treatment of coal chemical wastewater: New strategies and future directions. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:506-520. [PMID: 37778822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Coal chemical wastewater (CCW) is a type of refractory industrial wastewater, and its treatment has become the main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of novel coal chemical industry. Biological treatment is considered as an economical, effective and environmentally friendly technology for CCW treatment. However, conventional biological process is difficult to achieve the efficient removal of refractory organics because of CCW with the characteristics of composition complexity and high toxicity. Therefore, seeking the novel enhancement strategy appears to be a favorable solution for enhancing biological treatment efficiency of CCW. This review focuses on presenting a comprehensive picture about the exogenous enhancement strategies for CCW biological treatment. The performance and potential application of exogenous enhancement strategies, including co-metabolic substrate enhancement, biofilm filler enhancement, adsorption material enhancement and conductive mediator enhancement, were expounded. Meanwhile, the enhancing mechanisms of different strategies were comprehensively discussed from a biological perspective. Furthermore, the prospects of enhancement strategies based on the engineering performance, economic cost and environmental impact (3E) evaluation were introduced. And novel enhancement strategy based on "low carbon emissions", "resource recycling" and "water environment security" in the context of carbon neutrality was proposed. Taken together, this review provides technical reference and new direction to facilitate the regulation and optimization of typical industrial wastewater biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Hongjun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
| | - Qiaoping Kong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Tong Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
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Xie Y, Zhu Y, Yang J, Zhang G, Tian S, Lian J, Dong S. Effect of ultrasound on the stability of partial nitrification: Under the interference of aeration rate. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106642. [PMID: 37838531 PMCID: PMC10653954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The fluctuation of dissolved oxygen is one of the primary cause of disruptions to the consistent operation of partial nitrification, and the level of dissolved oxygen is mainly controlled by the aeration rate. This study investigated the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the stability of partial nitrification of activated sludge under different aeration conditions. After being treated with ultrasound (energy density = 0.20 W·mL-1, treatment time = 10 min), partial nitrification process operated stably for 67 days, with the nitrite accumulation rate above 83.89 %. The effluent contained 42.50 mg·L-1 of nitrite, much higher than the control reactor (0.30 mg·L-1). The gap between the specific ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates widened continuously as the aeration rate increased, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria activity did not recover even under conditions with a very high oxygen content. Further analysis showed that ultrasonic treatment had obvious stripping effect on excess extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), especially loosely bound EPS and protein. Additionally, long-term ultrasonic treatment promoted the enrichment of Nitrosomonas and strongly inhibited Nitrotoga. Based on these findings, it appears that under conditions of high aeration rate, ultrasound effectively suppress the recovery of Nitrotoga activity and improve the stability of partial nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yichun Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Jieyuan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shuai Tian
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Junfeng Lian
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shanyan Dong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Luo Y, Yi K, Zhang X, Li B, Cao R, Pang Y, Li M, Hou C, Lv J, Li X, Li D. Simultaneous partial nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactors via controlled reduced aeration and short-term sludge retention time decrease. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118598. [PMID: 37480636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous bio-treatment processes of organic carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)-, and phosphorus (P)-containing wastewater are challenged by insufficient carbon sources in the effluent. In the present study, two parallel anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors (R-1 and R-2) treating low C/N (≤4) wastewater were employed using different partial nitrification start-up strategies, controlled reduced aeration, and decreased sludge retention time. Advanced removal efficiencies for NH4+-N (≥96%), total nitrogen (TN, ≥86%), PO43--P (≥95%), and CODintra (≥91%) were realized, with TN and PO43--P effluent concentrations of 10.0 ± 3.5 and 0.11 ± 0.3 mg/L in R-1 and 9.28 ± 4.0 and 0.11 ± 0.1 mg/L in R-2, respectively. Higher nitrite accumulation rate (nearly 100%) and TN (121.1 ± 0.7 mg TN/g VSS·d) and P (12.5 ± 0.6 mg PO43--P/g VSS·d) removal loadings were obtained in R-2 by a thorough elimination of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Moreover, different microbial structures and nutrient removal pathways were identified. Denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms (Candidatus Competibacter) and phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) (Tetrasphaera) removed N and P with partial nitrification-endogenous denitrification pathways and aerobic P removal in R-1. In R-2, aerobic denitrifying bacteria (Psychrobacter) and PAOs ensured N and P removal through the partial nitrification-aerobic denitrification and aerobic P removal pathways. Compared to R-1, R-2 offers greater efficiency, convenience, and scope to further reduce carbon-source demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Luo
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kui Yi
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Runtong Cao
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmiao Pang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxian Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Hou
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Lv
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopin Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
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Huang S, Fu Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Zou C, Lu X. Research progress of novel bio-denitrification technology in deep wastewater treatment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1284369. [PMID: 37860138 PMCID: PMC10582329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1284369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen emissions are a major contributor to water pollution, posing a threat not only to the environment but also to human health. Therefore, achieving deep denitrification of wastewater is of significant importance. Traditional biological denitrification methods have some drawbacks, including long processing times, substantial land requirements, high energy consumption, and high investment and operational costs. In contrast, the novel bio-denitrification technology reduces the traditional processing time and lowers operational and maintenance costs while improving denitrification efficiency. This technology falls within the category of environmentally friendly, low-energy deep denitrification methods. This paper introduces several innovative bio-denitrification technologies and their combinations, conducts a comparative analysis of their denitrification efficiency across various wastewater types, and concludes by outlining the future prospects for the development of these novel bio-denitrification technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiuguo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, China
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Wang L, Fu W, Sun S, Liu H, Wang J, Zhong W, Ma B. Preparation, characterization, and removal of nitrate from water using vacant polyoxometalate/TiO 2 composites. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3393-3404. [PMID: 35324393 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2058424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of industry and agriculture, nitrate pollution in groundwater has been continuously increasing. NO3-N is a chemically stable nitrogen species and is quite difficult to remove. In this study, using heteropoly silicotungstate K8[α-SiW11O39] and Cu2+ as the active components, SiW11 and Cu2+ were loaded onto TiO2 by a sol-gel method to prepare a composite photocatalyst SiW11/TiO2/Cu. The photocatalytic reduction of dissolved NO3-N was subsequently performed using SiW11/TiO2/Cu under UV irradiation, and the influence of different experimental parameters on the photocatalytic performance was investigated. The mechanism of NO3-N reduction by the composite catalyst was also investigated. Free radicals existing within the system were detected by ESR spectroscopy, and the results indicated that C O 2 - anion free-radicals were generated by the reaction of photogenerated holes and formic acid (HCOOH). At a SiW11/TiO2/Cu dose of 1.2 g L-1 and in the presence of HCOOH as a hole scavenger, the proposed composite catalytically reduced NO3-N anddemonstrated significantadvantages in terms of its photocatalytic activity in comparison with pure TiO2. In particular, the removal efficiency of NO3-N and the selectivity of nitrogen achieved a maximum of 96% and 77%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhang Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaihao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhen Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ma
- Tai'an City Management Comprehensive Service Center, Taian, People's Republic of China
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Verma S, Kuila A, Jacob S. Role of Biofilms in Waste Water Treatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5618-5642. [PMID: 36094648 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm cells have a different physiology than planktonic cells, which has been the focus of most research. Biofilms are complex biostructures that form on any surface that comes into contact with water on a regular basis. They are dynamic, structurally complex systems having characteristics of multicellular animals and multiple ecosystems. The three themes covered in this review are biofilm ecology, biofilm reactor technology and design, and biofilm modeling. Membrane-supported biofilm reactors, moving bed biofilm reactors, granular sludge, and integrated fixed-film activated sludge processes are all examples of biofilm reactors used for water treatment. Biofilm control and/or beneficial application in membrane processes are improving. Biofilm models have become critical tools for biofilm foundational research as well as biofilm reactor architecture and design. At the same time, the differences between biofilm modeling and biofilm reactor modeling methods are acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samakshi Verma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Arindam Kuila
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist., Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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James SN, Vijayanandan A. Recent advances in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification for nitrogen and micropollutant removal: a review. Biodegradation 2023; 34:103-123. [PMID: 36899211 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND) is a promising process for biological nitrogen removal. Compared to conventional nitrogen removal processes, SND is cost-effective due to the decreased structural footprint and low oxygen and energy requirements. This critical review summarizes the current knowledge on SND related to fundamentals, mechanisms, and influence factors. The creation of stable aerobic and anoxic conditions within the flocs, as well as the optimization of dissolved oxygen (DO), are the most significant challenges in SND. Innovative reactor configurations coupled with diversified microbial communities have achieved significant carbon and nitrogen reduction from wastewater. In addition, the review also presents the recent advances in SND for removing micropollutants. The micropollutants are exposed to various enzymes due to the microaerobic and diverse redox conditions present in the SND system, which would eventually enhance biotransformation. This review presents SND as a potential biological treatment process for carbon, nitrogen, and micropollutant removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan N James
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Arya Vijayanandan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India.
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Fan Z, Zhou X. Decoding the Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Enhancing Nitrogen Removal from High-Ammonia and Low-C/N Wastewater in a Sequencing Batch Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061510. [PMID: 36987290 PMCID: PMC10051956 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) as a viscous high-molecular polymer in biological wastewater treatment has been recognized, in-depth knowledge of how EPSs affect nitrogen removal remains limited in biofilm-based reactors. Herein, we explored EPS characteristics associated with nitrogen removal from high-ammonia (NH4+-N: 300 mg/L) and low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N: 2-3) wastewater in a sequencing batch packed-bed biofilm reactor (SBPBBR) under four different operating scenarios for a total of 112 cycles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that the distinct physicochemical properties, interface microstructure, and chemical composition of the bio-carrier were conducive to biofilm formation and microbial immobilization and enrichment. Under the optimal conditions (C/N: 3, dissolved oxygen: 1.3 mg/L, and cycle time: 12 h), 88.9% ammonia removal efficiency (ARE) and 81.9% nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) could be achieved in the SBPBBR. Based on visual and SEM observations of the bio-carriers, biofilm development, biomass concentration, and microbial morphology were closely linked with nitrogen removal performance. Moreover, FTIR and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectroscopy demonstrated that tightly bound EPSs (TB-EPSs) play a more important role in maintaining the stability of the biofilm. Significant shifts in the number, intensity, and position of fluorescence peaks of EPSs determined different nitrogen removal. More importantly, the high presence of tryptophan proteins and humic acids might promote advanced nitrogen removal. These findings uncover intrinsic correlations between EPSs and nitrogen removal for better controlling and optimizing biofilm reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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13
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Zhu W, Chen J, Zhang H, Yuan S, Guo W, Zhang Q, Zhang S. Start-up phase optimization of pyrite-intensified hybrid sequencing batch biofilm reactor (PIHSBBR): Mixotrophic denitrification performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117232. [PMID: 36610197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification (PAD) is an emerging biological process to diminish nitrate pollution, but the relatively low NO3--N removal rate limits its practical application. In this research, a pyrite-intensified hybrid sequencing batch biofilm reactor (PIHSBBR) was designed to treat low C/N ratio domestic wastewater. The results showed that PIHSBBR could achieve optimal removal of COD, NH4+-N, and TN under the aeration rate of 1.0 L/L∙min and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h, with removal rates of 69.67 ± 4.37%, 77.04 ± 4.84%, and 63.92 ± 6.66%, respectively. The PAD efficiency in PIHSBBR during the stable operation was not high (13.05-31.01%), and the main nitrogen removal pathway in PIHSBBR, especially in the aerobic zone, was simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). High-throughput sequencing analysis unraveled that Planctomycetota (3.65%) had a high abundance in the anoxic zone of PIHSBBR, implying that anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) might have occurred in the anoxic zone. In addition, the nitrogen cycle function gene with the highest abundance was nirBD, indicating the possible presence of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) within the system (aerobic and anoxic zones). Our research can provide useful information for the improvement and future application of PIHSBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sicheng Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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14
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Tang M, Guo Z, Xu X, Sun L, Wang X, Yang Y, Chen J. Performance and microbial mechanism of eletrotrophic bio-cathode denitrification under low temperature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116960. [PMID: 36493545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient amount of carbon in wastewater and low temperatures hinder the use of biological nitrogen removal for purification of wastewaters. Nitrogen removal using cold-tolerant electrotrophic cathodic microbes is a novel and unique autotrophic denitrification technique in which electrical current, not chemicals, is used as a source of electrons. In this study, integrated MFC (RW) and open-circuit MFC (RO) were cultured and acclimatized in stages at a low temperature (10 °C) to impart cold tolerance to electrotrophic cathodic microbes, investigate the effectiveness of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process, and address the possible mechanism of microbial action. The results showed that (i) microbial communities in the RW system were successfully enriched with the cold-tolerant electrotrophic cathodic microbes after five stages, and (ii) the degree of NH4+-N removal and SND were 75.50% and 81.91%, respectively, but the respective values in the RO system were only 40.47% and 54.01%. The desirable SND efficiency was obtained in RW at a DO of ∼0.6 mg/L, a current of ∼20 mA, and pH ∼7.0. In RW, Thauera, Pesudomonas, and Hydrogenophaga were the main electrotrophic cathodic denitrifying bacteria with cold tolerance capable of degrading ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite through autotrophic denitrification and cathodic-driven bio-electrochemical denitrification. Besides, for RW, results from high throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the abundance of genes related to energy production and conversion, amino acid transport, and metabolism, signal transduction, environmental adaptation, and enzymatic activity (AMO, HAO, NAR, NIR, NOR, and NOS) were significantly higher than the corresponding parameters of the RO system. This may explain the reason behind RW having excellent ammonia and TN removal performance at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, No.57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, 273165, PR China.
| | - Zhina Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, No.57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, No.57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Lianglun Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, No.57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Shandong Deli Environmental Protection Engineering Co. Ltd, PR China
| | - Yuewei Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, No.57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, No.57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu, 273165, PR China
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15
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Huang H, Zeng S, Luo C, Long T. Separate effect of turbulent pulsation on internal mass transfer in porous biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114972. [PMID: 36455631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Turbulence is considered to be the result of coupled time-averaged and pulsating velocities, making it difficult to distinguish the respective effects, and the quantitative effect of turbulent pulsation alone on mass transfer within biofilms has not been discussed in the literature. In this study, we constructed a special oscillating grid biofilm reactor combining Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to achieve nearly isotropic turbulence in a designed ambient without time-averaged velocity and shear stress. Subsequently, velocity and contaminant concentration distributions were obtained by solving a mass transfer model with a k-ε turbulence model, combined with measurements of biofilm structure parameters. The results showed that the increase in turbulent pulsation intensity led to a significant stratification of the percolation velocity gradient in biofilms, which enhanced convective mass transfer. The changes of biofilm density and porosity under turbulent pulsation were more strongly correlated with convective mass transfer. When the turbulent intensity (q) increased to 2.50 cm s-1, the removal rate reached the highest value of 96.93%, accelerating the migration of contaminant concentration and the diffusive mass transfer effect was obvious. In addition, the trend of biofilm thickness under turbulent pulsation was consistent with the change of contaminant concentration distribution, and the correlation between them was greater. In summary, at q of 2.50 cm s-1, there was a positive effect on both convection and diffusion mechanisms in biofilms, and the contaminant removal rate and biofilm thickness reached the maximum, which was the recommended turbulent pulsation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Huang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400045, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shi Zeng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400045, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Luo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400045, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tianyu Long
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, 400045, Chongqing, PR China.
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16
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Liu H, Liu D, Huang Z, Chen Y. Bioaugmentation reconstructed nitrogen metabolism in full-scale simultaneous partial nitrification-denitrification, anammox and sulfur-dependent nitrite/nitrate reduction (SPAS). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128233. [PMID: 36332873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To enhance nitrogen removal of fermentation pharmaceutical wastewater with high nitrogen load, a full-scale process based on simultaneous partial nitrification-denitrification/ anammox/ sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SPAS) was established via inoculating with bioaugmentation consortia in a modified two-stage AO. More than 93 % TN and 98 % NH4+-N removal were obtained at a rate of 0.8 kg-N/ m3/d in the first A/O stage, in which short-cut SND was involved with 96.05 % ESND when bioaugmented with SND, while S0-SAD could coordinate with anammox to exert further deep denitrification in the second A/O stage. KEGG analysis demonstrated that the SPAS process was synergism of HD, PN/PDN, SND, SAD and anammox metabolism, bioaugmentation could significantly up-regulate genes related to microbial metabolism (TCA cycle, Carbon metabolism, ABC transporters) and environmental adaptation (Two-component system, Quorum sensing) based on the FAPROTAX and Picrust2 functional prediction. This study provided a new perspective in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Dejin Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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17
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Bian X, Wu Y, Li J, Yin M, Li D, Pei H, Chang S, Guo W. Effect of dissolved oxygen on high C/N wastewater treatment in moving bed biofilm reactors based on heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification: Nitrogen removal performance and potential mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128147. [PMID: 36265789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was investigated the nitrogen removal (NR) performance and potential mechanism for high C/N wastewater treatment under different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. The results showed that DO concentration significantly affected the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN). When the initial DO increased from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L, TN removal efficiency significantly increased from 65 % to 85 %. However, a further DO increase did not promote TN removal, and the NR was only 80 % with an initial DO concentration of 3.5 mg/L. The effect of DO concentration on NR was influenced by the combined action of functional bacteria and electron flow. Excessive DO concentration did not positively affect NR efficiency but promoted electron utilization and respiratory proliferation. When the DO concentration was 1.5 mg/L, more electrons generated by sodium acetate metabolism were transferred to the aerobic denitrification process, compared to when the DO concentration was 3.5 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Bian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yaodong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Muchen Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dongyue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hanbo Pei
- China Light Industry International Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100026, China
| | - Song Chang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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18
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Wang F, Liu W, Liu W, Xiao L, Ai S, Sun X, Bian D. Simultaneous removal of organic matter and nitrogen by heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria in an air-lift multi-stage circulating integrated bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127888. [PMID: 36070812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to propose a novel air-lift multi-stage circulating integrated bioreactor (AMCIB) to treat urban sewage. The AMCIB combined the reaction zone and sedimentation zone, the alternating circulation of activated sludge in separate aerobic and anaerobic environments facilitates the enrichment of HN-AD bacteria. The preliminary study showed that AMCIB had high removal efficiencies for COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP under high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration conditions, with average removal rates of 93.21 %, 96.04 %, 75.06 % and 94.30 %, respectively. IlluminaMiSeq sequencing results showed that the system successfully cultured heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) functional bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas) that played a crucial role in sewage treatment, and Tetrasphaera was the central phosphorus removing bacteria in the system. Functional gene predictions showed that the HN-AD played a dominant role in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Sewage Treatment of Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wanqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Sewage Treatment of Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Sewage Treatment of Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Letian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Sewage Treatment of Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shengshu Ai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Sewage Treatment of Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuejian Sun
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Dejun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Sewage Treatment of Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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19
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Cai Y, Luo YH, Long X, Zaidi AA, Shi Y, Zhou D, Rittmann BE. Wastewater treatment for ships experiencing large temperature changes: the activated sludge/membrane-biofilm reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135852. [PMID: 35963382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A particular challenge to treatment systems for ship wastewater comes from low and variable temperatures. We evaluated the temperature response (35-15 °C) of a novel biological treatment system involving activated sludge followed by a membrane-biofilm reactor: the activated sludge/membrane-biofilm reactor (AS-ABfMemR). In this study, a pilot-scale AS-ABfMemR achieved over 96% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 94% total nitrogen (TN) removal from a ship wastewater (550-960 mgCOD·L-1 and 52-77 mgTN·L-1) with a continuous operation with a hydraulic retention time of 12 h at 25 °C. The effluent COD and TN concentrations met IMO discharge standards at temperatures as low as 17 °C, which reduced the energy consumption for wastewater heating. The COD and TN removals of the biofilm stage became important (up to 34% and 35%, respectively) at low temperatures, and this compensated for the deterioration in performance of the aerobic sludge. The genus Azospira dominated in the biofilm's denitrification removal for TN at low temperature. In addition, the buildup of trans-membrane pressure was so slow that backwashing was not needed over the 90 days of continuous operation. These conclusions indicate that the pilot-scale AS-ABfMemR technology is an effective way for real ship sewage treatment under temperature variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Cai
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85271-5701, USA; College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yi-Hao Luo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85271-5701, USA
| | - Xiangxing Long
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States
| | - Asad A Zaidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Hamdard University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
| | - Yue Shi
- College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85271-5701, USA
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20
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Di Capua F, Iannacone F, Sabba F, Esposito G. Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in biofilm systems for wastewater treatment: Key factors, potential routes, and engineered applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127702. [PMID: 35905872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) is an advantageous bioprocess that allows the complete removal of ammonia nitrogen through sequential redox reactions leading to nitrogen gas production. SND can govern nitrogen removal in single-stage biofilm systems, such as the moving bed biofilm reactor and aerobic granular sludge system, as oxygen gradients allow the development of multilayered biofilms including nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Environmental and operational conditions can strongly influence SND performance, biofilm development and biochemical pathways. Recent advances have outlined the possibility to reduce the carbon and energy consumption of the process via the "shortcut pathway", and simultaneously remove both N and phosphorus under specific operational conditions, opening new possibilities for wastewater treatment. This work critically reviews the factors influencing SND and its application in biofilm systems from laboratory to full scale. Operational strategies to enhance SND efficiency and hints to reduce nitrous oxide emission and operational costs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari 70125, Italy.
| | | | | | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Naples 80125, Italy
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21
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Exploiting Biofilm Characteristics to Enhance Biological Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological treatments are integral processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). They can be carried out using sludge or biofilm processes. Although the sludge process is effective for biological wastewater systems, it has some drawbacks that make it undesirable. Hence, biofilm processes have gained popularity, since they address the drawbacks of sludge treatments, such as the high rates of sludge production. Although biofilms have been reported to be essential for wastewater, few studies have reviewed the different ways in which the biofilm properties can be explored, especially for the benefit of wastewater treatment. Thus, this review explores the properties of biofilms that can be exploited to enhance biological wastewater systems. In this review, it is revealed that various biofilm properties, such as the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), quorum sensing (Qs), and acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs), can be enhanced as a sustainable and cost-effective strategy to enhance the biofilm. Moreover, the exploitation of other biofilm properties such as the SOS, which is only reported in the medical field, with no literature reporting it in the context of wastewater treatment, is also recommended to improve the biofilm technology for wastewater treatment processes. Additionally, this review further elaborates on ways that these properties can be exploited to advance biofilm wastewater treatment systems. A special emphasis is placed on exploiting these properties in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and biological phosphorus removal processes, which have been reported to be the most sensitive processes in biological wastewater treatment.
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22
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Nitrogen Removal of Water and Sediment in Grass Carp Aquaculture Ponds by Mixed Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria and Its Effects on Bacterial Community. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14121855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitrification and denitrification are important for nitrogen (N) cycling in fish ponds culture, but the effects of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria concentrations on pond water and sediments remain largely unknown. Here, we used 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 mg/L different concentrations of mixed nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to repair the pond substrate through an enclosure experiment lasting 15 days. The results showed that the purification effect of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria was most obvious on pond nitrogen from day 4 to day 7. The optimal relative concentration was 0.60 mg/L for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria; NH4+-N (ammonia nitrogen) decreased by 75.83%, NO2−-N (nitrite) by 93.09%, NO3−-N (nitrate) by 38.02%, and TN (total nitrogen) by 45.16% in this concentration group on pond water. In one cycle, C/N (carbon/nitrogen) ratio of both water body and bottom sediment significantly increased, but C/N ratio of water body increased more significantly than that of sediment. Water C/N ratio increased by 76.00%, and sediment C/N ratio increased by 51.96% in the 0.60 mg/L concentration group. Amplicon sequencing of pond sediment showed that the change in nitrifying and denitrifying bacterium diversity was consistent with that in water quality index. Dominant nitrifying bacteria had a relatively high percentage, with significant differences in dominant bacterium percentage across different bacterial addition groups, while dominant denitrifying bacterium percentage was not high without significant differences among different groups. The dominant species of nitrifying bacteria were, respectively, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosovibrio, Nitrosospira, and Aeromonas, and the dominant species of denitrifying bacteria were Thauera, Azoarcus, Magnetospirillum, Azospira, and Idiomarina. The correlation analyses showed an aerobic nitrification and facultative anaerobic denitrification in pond sediments. Research shows that the addition of exogenous nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria can effectively reduce the nitrogen load of pond water and sediment. At the concentration of 0.6 mg/L, the nitrogen load of pond water and sediment decreased most obviously, which had the best effect on pond purification.
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23
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Chen D, Li H, Xue X, Zhang L, Hou Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Song Y, Zhao S, Guo J. Enhanced simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification performance of aerobic granular sludge via tapered aeration in sequencing batch reactor for treating low strength and low COD/TN ratio municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112743. [PMID: 35065929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic granular sludge simultaneous partial nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (AGS-SPNDPR) process was carried out via tapered aeration in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for treating low strength and low COD/TN ratio municipal wastewater. The results showed that aerobic granular sludge was successfully cultivated with good sedimentation performance when treating the municipal wastewater. Meanwhile, the median granule size increased to 270 (R1) and 257 (R2) μm on day 80. The excellent removal performance of COD (92%) and NH4+-N (95%) were achieved under different aeration modes, while the higher TN removal efficiency (76%) was achieved by tapered aeration. The accumulation of NO2--N in R2 indicated that the tapered aeration was beneficial to achieve simultaneously partial nitrification and denitrification. Meanwhile, the high-efficiency phosphorus (95%) removal was realized via additional carbon source, and SPNDPR process was formed under tapered aeration. The bacterial community analysis indicated denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms (DGAOs) Candidatus_Competibacter and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas were more effectively enriched via tapered aeration, while phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) Candidatus_Accumulibacter were effectively enriched under additional organic carbon. AOB, denitrifying bacteria and PAOs were simultaneously enriched by tapered aeration and additional carbon source, which was beneficial to nutrients removal. This study might be conducive to the application of AGS-SPNDPR system for treating low strength and low COD/TN ratio municipal wastewater under tapered aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road #26, Tianjin, 300384, PR China; Beijing Enterprises Water Group (China) Investment Limited, BEWG Building, Poly International Plaza T3, Zone 7, Wangjingdongyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Haibo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road #26, Tianjin, 300384, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Xue
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group (China) Investment Limited, BEWG Building, Poly International Plaza T3, Zone 7, Wangjingdongyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group (China) Investment Limited, BEWG Building, Poly International Plaza T3, Zone 7, Wangjingdongyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, PR China.
| | - Yanan Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road #26, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
| | - Han Chen
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group (China) Investment Limited, BEWG Building, Poly International Plaza T3, Zone 7, Wangjingdongyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Yousuo Zhang
- CCCC-TDC Harbour Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Huanggu Dongheng Street #8, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Yunda Song
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group (China) Investment Limited, BEWG Building, Poly International Plaza T3, Zone 7, Wangjingdongyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road #26, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road #26, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
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Fan Y, Zhang M, Cheng J, Yong D, Ji J, Wu Q, He C. Elucidating nitrifying performance, nitrite accumulation and microbial community in a three-stage plug flow moving bed biofilm reactor (PF - MBBR). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134087. [PMID: 35216986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A three-stage plug flow moving bed biofilm reactor (PF - MBBR, consisting of three identical chambers of N1, N2 and N3) was proposed for nitrifier enrichment using synthetic wastewater. During the stable operation, the average NH4+-N effluent was 0.67 mg/L and NH4+-N removal was as high as 97.19% with the nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 54.23%, although the biofilm thickness and biomass both presented downward trends from N1 (296 μm, 2280 mg/L), N2 (248 μm, 1850 mg/L) to N3 (198 μm, 1545 mg/L). Particularly, the comparative results of three stages revealed that N2 showed the optimum NH4+-N removal (77.27%) and NAR (75.21%) in the continuous-flow, while NAR of N3 unexpectedly maintained a high level of 65.83% in the batch test, suggesting that ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) accounted for absolute advantage over nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). High-throughput sequencing initially verified different distribution of bacterial community structure, where N2 was far away from N1 and N3 with the lowest community richness and community diversity (operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 454(N2)<527(N3)<621(N1)). Proteobacteria (77.60%-83.09%), Bacteroidetes (1.66%-3.66%), Acidobacteria (2.28%-4.67%), and Planctomycetes (1.19%-6.63%) were the major phyla. At the genus level, AOB (mainly Nitrosomonas) accounted for 5.08% (N1), 20.74% (N2) and 14.24% (N3) while NOB (mainly Nitrospira) increased from 0.14% (N1), 7.06% (N2) to 4.91% (N3) with the total percentages of 5.22%, 27.80% and 19.15%. Finally, the application feasibility of MBBR optimization linked with nitrite (NO2--N) accumulation for deep-level nutrient removal was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Fan
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China.
| | - Jilin Cheng
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225100, PR China
| | - Daming Yong
- Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Junjie Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Chengda He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
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25
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Sun H, Huang K, Zhang X, Ren H, Ye L. Stable isotope probing reveals specific assimilating bacteria of refractory organic compounds in activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118105. [PMID: 35074670 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge in wastewater treatment bioreactors contains diverse bacteria, while little is known about the community structure of bacteria responsible for degradation of refractory organic compounds (ROCs). In this study, 10 ROCs frequently detected in sewage were investigated, and the potential bacteria degrading these ROCs were analyzed by DNA stable isotope probing and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial communities responsible for degradation of different ROCs were largely different. A total of 84 bacterial genera were found to be involved in degrading at least one of the 10 ROCs, however, only six genera (Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, Bosea, Brevundimonas, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas) were common to all 10 ROCs. This suggests that different ROCs may have specific assimilating bacteria in the activated sludge. Our results also showed that these ROC-degrading bacteria are difficult to isolate by conventional methods and that most of them have relatively low relative abundance in municipal wastewater treatment bioreactors. Development of new technologies to increase the abundance and activity of these bacteria may significantly improve the removal efficiency of ROCs from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Biomineralisation to Increase Earth Infrastructure Resilience. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072490. [PMID: 35407823 PMCID: PMC8999751 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The vulnerability of buildings and structures to rain and flooding due to a lack of adaptive capacity is an issue all over the world. Exploring the bio-resources availability and engineering performance is crucial to increase infrastructure’s resilience. The current study analyses earth-based mortars using mineral precipitation as a biostabiliser (bio) and compares their performance with cement-based mortars. Cultures of S. oneidensis with a concentration of 2.3 × 108 cfu/mL were used to prepare earth-based and cement-based mortars with a ratio of 6% of binder. Microstructure analyses through SEM/EDS, water absorption, moisture buffering, mechanical strength, and porosity are discussed. The biostabiliser decreases water absorption in tidal-splash and saturated environments for earth and cement mortars due to calcium carbonate precipitation. The biostabiliser can prevent water migration more effectively for the cement-based (60% reduction) than for the earth-based mortars (up to 10% reduction) in the first 1 h of contact with water. In an adsorption/desorption environment, the conditions favour desorption in cem+bio, and it seems that the biostabiliser precipitation facilitates the release of the chemicals into the mobile phase. The precipitation in the earth+bio mortar porous media conditions favours the adsorption of water molecules, making the molecule adhere to the stationary phase and be separated from the other sample chemicals. The SEM/EDS performed for the mortars confirms the calcium carbonate precipitation and shows that there is a decrease in the quantity of Si and K if the biostabiliser is used in cement and earth-mortars. This decrease, associated with the ability of S. oneidensis to leach silica, is more impressive for earth+bio, which might be associated with a dissolution of silicate structures due to the presence of more water. For the tested earth-based mortars, there was an increase of 10% for compressive and flexural strength if the biostabiliser was added. For the cement-based mortars, the strength increase was almost double that of the plain one due to the clay surface negative charge in the earth-based compositions.
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27
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Chen Z, He Q, Chen J, Zhang B, Liu C, Huangfu X. Distinct granulation pathways of aerobic granular sludge under poly aluminum chloride enhancement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150829. [PMID: 34627896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS), a novel strategy for nutrient removal which exhibits compact structure, good settleability, and resilience against high organic load, has been considered as a highly potential wastewater treatment technology. However, the long start-up period for granulation prevented its widespread development. In this study, the distinct pathways of PAC-enhanced AGS granulation were systematically investigated. Four identical sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with different PAC dosages (with 0, 50, 100, 400 mg/L effective Al3+ respectively) were applied. It was observed that the presence of PAC accelerated granules formation, promoted mechanical strength as well as denitrification rate of granules, and thus notably enhanced removal efficacies of COD, NH4+-N, NO2- and NO3-. According to the dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution inside the sludge and the denitrification rate (SDNR) measurements, distinguishing structures of granules under different PAC addition were discovered. Comparatively, AGS under low PAC addition (i.e., 50 mg/L) resulted in the largest granule size, the biggest anaerobic zone and the highest denitrification rate. Presumably, for the system with the low PAC addition (50 mg/L), appropriate aluminum ions (Al3+) neutralized part of the negative charge on the microorganism surface, thereby promoting cells aggregation. In contrast, a high dosage of PAC (400 mg/L) induced excessive Al3+ absorbed on the cell surface after neutralization, which increased the repulsive force between microorganisms, leading to more cavities and channels existed inside the granules. Therefore, granules under low PAC dosage (i.e., 50 mg/L) presented large anaerobic zone and high denitrification rate, thus favored the best internal structure and nutrients removal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xiaoliu Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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28
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Hossain MI, Cheng L, Cord-Ruwisch R. Sustained and enhanced anaerobic removal of COD and nitrogen in a zeolite amended glycogen accumulating organism dominated biofilm process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150602. [PMID: 34592273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge, the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process is known to be expensive to operate, largely due to energy expense for oxygen transfer into the bulk wastewater solution. The alternative of using passive aeration facilitates oxygen supply directly from the air resulting in aeration energy savings. The current study demonstrated sustained and improved removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen in a zeolite modified glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) dominated biofilm reactor, which achieved anaerobic removal of COD and ammonium by the activity of GAOs and zeolite, respectively. Draining of the batch-operated reactor enabled the biofilm to directly uptake oxygen from air (passive aeration) to carry out simultaneous nitrification and denitrification due to the activity of GAO (Candidatus competibacter) and nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira). Under stable long-term (4-months) operation, the process achieved COD and nitrogen removal at rates of 1354 and 79.1 g m-3 d-1, respectively. The biofilm process demonstrated >90% nitrogen removal efficiency in multi-cycle (4/8 cycles) strategy with a short treatment time of 8 h. Due to the passive aeration scheme, the energy consumption of the proposed wastewater treatment process is calculated to be about 13-times less than that of traditional activated sludge process. Therefore, the Passive Aeration Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (PASND) biofilm process is a promising low-energy treatment step for efficient removal of COD and nitrogen from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Liang Cheng
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ralf Cord-Ruwisch
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
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29
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Enhancing the formation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) biofilm and nitrogen removal performance using two-units IFFAS process filled with surface-modified carriers. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Side N
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O pathways in a biofilm for OLAND process that receives a discharge with low COD/N. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Chen J, Zhang S, Liu F, Luo P, Xiao R, Zhang M, Wu J. The immobilized Alcaligenes faecalis strain WT14 for removing high strength nitrate and reducing nitrite accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:131-138. [PMID: 32508276 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1780476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial immobilization is considered as one of the effective denitrification techniques in the treatment of high load wastewater. In this study, the immobilized cells consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were inoculated with Alcaligenes faecalis strain WT14 to treat wastewater with high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) concentrations. After 48 h of wastewater treatment, 26.2-89.4% of total nitrogen (TN) was removed by the immobilized Alcaligenes faecalis strain WT14. The response surface methodology revealed the highest TN removal efficiency by Alcaligenes faecalis strain WT14 occurred at the immobilized ratio of 9.3% of PVA, 2.2% of SA and 1.9% of CaCl2. Under the optimal ratio of PVA, SA, and CaCl2, the conditions for the maximum denitrification efficiency and TN removal were pH of 7, temperature of 40°C, and shaking speed of 60 rpm·min-1. Compared to the free cells, the immobilization cells had no obvious negative effect on denitrification efficiency, additionally reduced the nitrite accumulation, and thus improved the TN removal. Furthermore, the immobilized cells still maintained 95.4% of NO3--N removal after the eighth cycle reuse. These results demonstrated the immobilized Alcaligenes faecalis strain WT14 can remove TN effectively and additionally reduce nitrite accumulation in treating high strength NO3--N wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Runlin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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32
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Cheng Y, Li JY, Ren X, Li Y, Kou YY, Chon K, Hwang MH, Ko MH. High efficiency of simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and organics removal in the real-scale treatment of high C/N ratio food-processing wastewater using micro-aerobic reactors. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Zhao ZD, Lin Q, Zhou Y, Feng YH, Huang QM, Wang XH. Pollutant removal from municipal sewage by a microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch coupled with micro-electrolysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201887. [PMID: 34966546 PMCID: PMC8633808 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and low-cost wastewater treatment processes remains an important challenge. A microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch (UOD) with micro-electrolysis by waterfall aeration was designed for treating real municipal wastewater. The effects of influential factors such as up-flow rate, waterfall height, reflux ratio, number of stages and iron dosing on pollutant removal were fully investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained. The elimination efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) reached up to 84.33 ± 2.48%, 99.91 ± 0.09%, 93.63 ± 0.60% and 89.27 ± 1.40%, respectively, while the effluent concentrations of COD, NH4 +-N, TN and TP were 20.67 ± 2.85, 0.02 ± 0.02, 1.39 ± 0.09 and 0.27 ± 0.02 mg l-1, respectively. Phosphorous removal was achieved by iron-carbon micro-electrolysis to form an insoluble ferric phosphate precipitate. The microbial community structure indicated that carbon and nitrogen were removed via multiple mechanisms, possibly including nitrification, partial nitrification, denitrification and anammox in the UOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Functional Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People's Republic of China
- Analytical and Testing Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Functional Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-hong Feng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-mei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Functional Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People's Republic of China
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Liu T, Jia G, Xu J, He X, Quan X. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in continuous flow MBBR with novel surface-modified carriers. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3607-3617. [PMID: 32097578 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1735526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTMoving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process is an ideal preference for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) attributing to the longer sludge age and aerobic/anoxic microenvironment along biofilm. However, conventional carriers generally exhibit negative charge and surface hydrophobicity, which are unbeneficial for biofilm formation. In this study, novel surface-modified carriers with favourable hydrophilicity (surface contact angle dropped to 60.2 ± 2.3°) and positive surface charge (+11.7 ± 1.1 mV, pH 7.0) were prepared via polymer blending and implemented for SND in continuous flow MBBR system. Results indicated SND started up quickly with more biomass in MBBR filled with surface-modified carriers. At the operation condition of low dissolved oxygen level (0.75 ± 0.25 mg/L), pH of 7.5 ± 0.5, 23 ± 2°C and C/N ratio of 7, COD, NH4+-N and TN removal efficiencies were 90.5%, 88.6% and 76.6% respectively in MBBR filled with surface-modified carriers, which ensured the effluent met the first grade A of the Discharge Standard of China. On the contrary, COD, NH4+-N and TN removal efficiencies were 89.7%, 82.3% and 60.4% respectively in the control reactors filled with conventional polyethylene carriers. The worse performance of the control reactor was mainly attributed to the less biomass and lower functional bacteria abundance developed on conventional carriers. Moreover, novel carriers provided a favourable niche for more types of functional bacteria, of which autotrophic nitrification, anoxic denitrification, heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification co-existed and participated in nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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35
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Xue X, Wang D, Yi X, Li Y, Han H. Simultaneously autotrophic denitrification and organics degradation in low-strength coal gasification wastewater (LSCGW) treatment via microelectrolysis-triggered Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130460. [PMID: 33838412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The autotrophic iron-depended denitrification (AIDD), triggered by microelectrolysis, was established in the microelectrolysis-assistant up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (MEA-UASB) with the purpose of low-strength coal gasification wastewater (LSCGW) treatment while control UASB operated in parallel. The results revealed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and total nitrogen (TN) removal load at optimum current (2.5 A/m3) in MEA-UASB (83.2 ± 2.6% and 0.220 ± 0.010 kg N/m3·d) were 1.42-fold and 1.57-fold higher than those (58.5 ± 2.1% and 0.139 ± 0.011 kg N/m3·d) in UASB, verifying that AIDD and following dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) process could offer the novel pathway to solve the electron donor-deficient and traditionally denitrification-infeasible problems. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing shown that iron-oxidizing denitrifiers (Thiobacillus and Acidovorax species) and iron reducing bacteria (Geothrix and Ignavibacterium speices), acted as microbial iron cycle of contributors, were specially enriched at optimum operating condition. Additionally, the activities of microbial electron transfer chain, electron transporters (complex I, II, III and cytochrome c) and abundance of genes encoding important enzymes (narG, nirK/S, norB and nosZ) were remarkably promoted, suggesting that electron transport and consumption capacities were stimulated during denitrification process. This study could shed light on better understanding about microelectrolysis-triggered AIDD for treatment of refractory LSCGW and further widen its application potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xue
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Dexin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Xuesong Yi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yangyang Li
- Operation Services Division of Hospital Wastewater Treatment, General Affairs Department, Sanya Central Hospital, Sanya, 520000, China.
| | - Hongjun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Gupta RK, Poddar BJ, Nakhate SP, Chavan AR, Singh AK, Purohit HJ, Khardenavis AA. Role of heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process: A non-conventional nitrogen removal pathway in wastewater treatment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:159-184. [PMID: 34402087 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial species capable of performing both nitrification and denitrification in a single vessel under similar conditions have gained significance in the wastewater treatment scenario considering their unique character of performing the above reactions under heterotrophic and aerobic conditions respectively. Such a novel strategy often referred to as simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) has a tremendous potential in dealing with various wastewaters having low C:N content, considering that the process needs very little or no external carbon source and oxygen supply thus adding to its cost-effective and environmentally friendly nature. Though like other microorganisms, heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers convert inorganic or organic nitrogen-containing substances into harmless dinitrogen gas in the wastewater, their ecophysiological role in the global nitrogen cycle is still not yet fully understood. Attempts to highlight the role played by the heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in dealing with nitrogen pollution under various environmental operating conditions will help in developing a mechanistic understanding of the SND process to address the issues faced by the traditional methods of aerobic autotrophic nitrification-anaerobic heterotrophic denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhagyashri Jagdishprasad Poddar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Suraj Prabhakarrao Nakhate
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Atul Rajkumar Chavan
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anshuman Arun Khardenavis
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Zhou JH, Ren Q, Xu XL, Fang JY, Wang T, Wang KM, Wang HY. Enhancing stability of aerobic granules by microbial selection pressure using height-adjustable influent strategy. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117356. [PMID: 34147742 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing granules size distribution is critical for both reactor performance and stability. In this research, an optimal size range of 1800 to 3000 μm was proposed regarding mass transfer and granules stability based on granules developed at DO around 8.0 mg L-1 with the feed COD:N:P at 100:5:1. A height-adjustable influent strategy was applied to facilitate the nutrient storage of granules at optimum size range via microbial selective pressure. Results suggested insufficient hydraulic shear stress led to overgrowth of granules size. High abundance of filamentous bacteria (Thiothrix sp.) was observed in oversized granules, which detached and affected the remaining granules, resulting in severe sludge bulking. Strong hydraulic shear stress suppressed uncontrolled growth of granules. However, fewer abundance of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) bacterium was acquired, which led to unfavored SND effect and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency. The height-adjustable influent strategy facilitated the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) storage of granules at optimum size range, while limiting the overgrowth of granules size. Additionally, more than 87.51% of total granules situated in optimal sizes range, which led to higher abundance of SND bacterium and higher TN removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Heng Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Qing Ren
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Xu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kan-Ming Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Zheng Z, Ali A, Su J, Huang T, Wang Y, Zhang S. Fungal pellets immobilized bacterial bioreactor for efficient nitrate removal at low C/N wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125113. [PMID: 33853027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fungal pellets immobilized denitrifying Pseudomonas stutzeri sp. GF3 was cultivated to establish a bioreactor. The denitrification effect of fixed bacteria with fungal pellets was tested by response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of the bioreactor showed that the denitrification efficiency reached 100% under the optimal conditions and the denitrification efficiency of the actual wastewater treatment in the stable phase reached 95.91%. Moreover, the organic matter and functional groups in the bioreactor under different C/N conditions were analyzed by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed that metabolic activities of denitrifying bacteria were enhanced with the increase of C/N. The morphology and structure of bacteria immobilized by fungal pellets explored by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the filamentous porous fungal pellets loaded with bacteria. Community structure analysis by high-throughput sequencing demonstrated that strain GF3 might was the dominant strain in bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Nanoparticles Synergistic Effect with Various Substrate Pretreatment and their Comparison on Biogas Production from Algae Waste. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10637.374-382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Algae waste is one of the potential substrates for biogas and biohydrogen production and can comprehend multiple benefits of waste treatment and resource utilization. In view of the key bottlenecks such as low substrate degradation rate and poor productivity of algae waste production process, this study analyzes the combined effect of two metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles with different substrate pretreatment methods (autoclave, ultrasonic, and microwave methods) to investigate the effect of anaerobic digestion of green algae (Enteromorpha). The results showed that out of the three pretreatment methods, microwave pretreatment and nanoparticles' synergistic effect significantly increases biogas production. The microbial community composition at the phylum level was analyzed. It was observed that the Firmicutes were most abundant across all samples. The relative abundance of Firmicutes for control, Ni NPs + MW, Co NPs + MW, and Fe3O4 NPs + MW groups were 51.78, 70.37, 75.77, and 83.93%, respectively. The second most abundant was of Bacteroidetes that also contributes to hydrogen production. This relatively high abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes promises its potential applications in a hydrogen production facility. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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40
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Zhang S, Zhong Q, Jiang Y, Li M, Xia S. Temperature-induced difference in microbial characterizations accounts for the fluctuation of sequencing batch biofilm reactor performance. Biodegradation 2021; 32:595-610. [PMID: 34159499 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Generally, the purification performance of bioreactors could be influenced by temperature variation via shaping different microbial communities. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, the variation trends of microbial communities in three sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) under four different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 °C) were compared. It was found that temperature increment led to an obvious enhancement in nutrient removal which was mainly occurred in the aerobic section. Meanwhile, distinct differences in dominant microbial communities or autotrophic nitrifiers were also observed. The performance of the SBBR reactors was closely associated with nitrifier communities since the treated wastewater was characterized by a severe lack of carbon sources (mean effluent COD ≤ 14.4 mg/L). Spearman correlation unraveled that: most of the differentiated microbes as well as the dominant potential functions were strongly associated with nutrient removal, indicating the temperature-induced difference in microbial community well explained the distinction in purification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qingbo Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yinghe Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shibin Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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41
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A review of partial nitrification in biological nitrogen removal processes: from development to application. Biodegradation 2021; 32:229-249. [PMID: 33825095 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To further reduce the energy consumption in the wastewater biological nitrogen removal process, partial nitrification and its integrated processes have attracted increasing attentions owing to their economy and efficiency. Shortening the steps of ammonia oxidation to nitrate saves a large amount of aeration, and the accumulated nitrite could be reduced by denitritation or anammox, which requires less electron donors compared with denitrification. Therefore, the strategies through mainstream suppression and sidestream inhibition for the achievement of partial nitrification in recent years are reviewed. Specifically, the enrichment strategies of functional microorganisms are obtained on the basis of their growth and metabolic characteristics under different selective pressures. Furthermore, the promising developments, current application bottlenecks and possible future trends of some biological nitrogen removal processes integrating partial nitrification are discussed. The obtained knowledge would provide a new idea for the fast realization of economic, efficient and long-term stable partial nitrification and biological nitrogen removal process.
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42
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Zheng Z, Ali A, Su J, Fan Y, Zhang S. Layered double hydroxide modified biochar combined with sodium alginate: A powerful biomaterial for enhancing bioreactor performance to remove nitrate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124630. [PMID: 33418348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel layered double hydroxide (LDH)-orange peel (OP) biochar/sodium alginate (SA) (LBSA) synthetic material was prepared as an immobilized carrier for Acinetobacter sp. FYF8 to improve the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bioreactor. Results demonstrated that under optimum conditions, the nitrate and phosphate removal efficiency reached 95.32 and 86.11%, respectively. The response surface methodology was used to illustrate the adsorption properties of the material and obtained optimal conditions for the removal of nitrate. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively, indicating that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption and was favorable. Moreover, the morphology and composition of LBSA immobilized bacteria were analyzed and the mechanism of removing nitrate and phosphate was the synergistic effect of biological metabolism and adsorption. Community structure analysis and microbial distribution showed that FYF8 might was the dominant strain in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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43
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Belli TJ, Bassin JP, Costa RE, Akaboci TRV, Battistelli AA, Lobo-Recio MA, Lapolli FR. Evaluating the effect of air flow rate on hybrid and conventional membrane bioreactors: Implications on performance, microbial activity and membrane fouling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142563. [PMID: 33059133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the impact of air flow rate on the performance, membrane fouling behaviour and microbial community of a sequencing batch conventional membrane bioreactor (SB-MBR) and a sequencing batch hybrid membrane bioreactor (SB-HMBR) with carrier media for biofilm growth. Two different scenarios were evaluated: high (6.4 L min-1) and low (1.6 L min-1) air flow rates, associated with high (4.5 mg L-1) and low (1.5 mg L-1) dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and specific aeration demand per membrane area (SADm) of 0.426 and 0.106 m3 m-2 h-1, respectively. Both reactors were subjected to alternating non-aerated and aerated conditions for organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand - COD), nitrogen and phosphate removal from a municipal wastewater. From the bacterial community analysis, the key players in nutrient removal processes were assessed. The results showed that COD removal efficiencies were above 95% in both MBRs, regardless of the aeration intensity, while complete ammonium removal was observed at the higher DO. However, nitrifying activity was adversely affected under low DO levels. High nitrification levels were re-established faster in the hybrid MBR, thanks to the presence of biofilm, where nitrifying activity was favoured and the bacterial community profile did not exhibit substantial changes upon DO reduction. A higher denitrification potential was found for the carrier-based MBR, resulting in lower effluent nitrate concentrations. Regarding phosphorus removal, a slight improvement was observed in the SB-HMBR at reduced DO, while in the SB-MBR it remained practically constant. Moreover, the specific phosphate uptake rate exhibited a significant increase, especially in the hybrid MBR, reaching 44.6 mgP gVSS-1 h-1. At lower aeration rate, however, worse filterability and higher membrane fouling rates were observed, especially in the conventional MBR. Overall, the results demonstrated that the hybrid MBR better withstood the reduced air flow rate and DO as compared to the conventional counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Belli
- Dept. of Sanitary Engineering, State University of Santa Catarina, 89140-000 Ibirama, SC, Brazil.
| | - João P Bassin
- Chemical Engineering Program - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68502, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rayra E Costa
- Dept. of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago R V Akaboci
- Dept. of Sanitary Engineering, State University of Santa Catarina, 89140-000 Ibirama, SC, Brazil
| | - André A Battistelli
- Dept. of Environmental Engineering, State University of Maringá, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria A Lobo-Recio
- Dept. of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Flávio R Lapolli
- Dept. of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Huang S, Zhang J, Pi J, Gong L, Zhu G. Long-term electricity generation and denitrification performance of MFCs with different exchange membranes and electrode materials. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107748. [PMID: 33609890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different biocathode electrode materials (graphite felt and carbon brush, GF and CB) and exchange membranes (proton exchange membrane and cation exchange membrane, PEM and CEM) were used in three microbial fuel cell (MFC) configurations operated for 300-days to investigate the power generation and the COD and N removal performance. Results showed no effect on the COD removal (all above 96%); however, the power generation (46.11 mW·h) and denitrification performance (68.0 ± 1.6%) of the MFC-B (GF + PEM) system were higher than those of the other systems (MFC-A: CB + PEM; MFC-C: CB + CEM) (P < 0.01), and the power generation and denitrification performance of all three systems decreased with time (P < 0.01). By analyzing the physicochemical properties of the exchange membrane and cathode electrode materials, the reasons that affect the power generation performance of the system were clarified. Furthermore, the increase in bioelectricity enhanced the electricity-related nitrification and denitrification reactions. The average 300-day unit denitrification cost of MFC-A was 4.2 and 6.3 times that of MFC-B and MFC-C, respectively. Comprehensive consideration of electricity generation, denitrification, and service life, combined with cost analysis and better selection of construction materials, provides a theoretical basis for the long-term stable operation and sustainable application of MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Jingran Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jiachang Pi
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Liying Gong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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45
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Lai C, Guo Y, Cai Q, Yang P. Enhanced nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and further denitrification (SND-DN) in a moving bed and constructed wetland (MBCW) integrated bioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127744. [PMID: 32739690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the main objective of improving the removal of nitrogen from domestic wastewater and more sustainably, a moving bed and constructed wetland (MBCW) integrated bioreactor was fabricated and evaluated with continuous and intermittent aeration operations. The hybrid system achieves average removal efficiencies up to 90.4 ± 0.8% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 91.8 ± 1.2% of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and 77.0 ± 2.6% of total nitrogen (TN), respectively, through a simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and further denitrification (SND-DN) process. This occurs through an intermittent aeration operation followed by continuous aeration with a dissolved oxygen (DO) of 4.0 mg L-1 due to the complementary and coordinated action of mixed biocarriers. It has resulted in the improvement of the efficiency of SND from 5.9 to 35.3% and in the removal via wetland for DN, between 2.42 and 2.45 g m-2·d-1, respectively. The analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and high-throughput sequencing demonstrated the enhanced SND mechanism and the evolution of microbial species within the biofilm structure. The total relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria, more aggregated outside the biofilm, decreased by 7.66% compared to denitrifying bacteria, mostly accumulated inside, which increased by 5.49%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmiao Lai
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Qin Cai
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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46
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Correlating Microbial Community Characteristics with Environmental Factors along a Two-Stage Biological Aerated Filter. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purification effect of a biological aerated filter (BAF) mainly comes from the microorganisms in the reactor. Understanding the correlation between microbial community characteristics and environmental factors along the filter has great significance for maintaining good operation and improving the removal efficiency of the filter. A two-stage BAF was employed to treat domestic sewage under organic loads of 1.02 and 1.55 kg/m3·d for 15 days each. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and redundancy analysis were applied to explore the correlation between microbial community characteristics and environmental variables. The results showed that: (1) the crucial organic-degrading bacteria in the A-stage filter were of the genus Novosphingobium, which had a significant increase in terms of relative abundance at sampling outlet A3 (135 cm of the filling height) after the increase of organic load; (2) the microbial communities at different positions in the B-stage filter were similarly affected by environmental factors, and the main bacteria associated with nitrogen removal in the B-stage filter were Zoogloea and Rhodocyclus; and (3) to improve the pollutant removal performance of this two-stage biological aerated filter, a strategy of adding an internal circulation in the B-stage filter can be adopted.
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47
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Wang Q, He J. Complete nitrogen removal via simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by a novel phosphate accumulating Thauera sp. strain SND5. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116300. [PMID: 32823196 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and phosphate removal could eliminate the need for separate reactors to remove nutrients from wastewater and alleviate competition for carbon sources between different heterotrophs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Here we report a newly isolated Thauera sp. strain SND5, that removes nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater via SND and denitrifying-phosphate accumulation, respectively, without accumulation of metabolic intermediates. Strain SND5 simultaneously removes ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate at an average rate of 2.85, 1.98, and 2.42 mg-N/L/h, respectively. Batch testing, detection of functional genes, nitrogenous gas detection and thermodynamic analysis suggested that nitrogen gas, with hydroxylamine produced as an intermediate, was the most likely end products of heterotrophic ammonium oxidation by strain SND5. The generated end products and intermediates suggest a novel nitrogen removal mechanism for heterotrophic ammonium oxidation in strain SND5 (NH4+→NH2OH→N2). Strain SND5 was also found to be a denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organism, capable of accumulating phosphate, producing and storing polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as an intracellular source of carbon while using nitrate/nitrite or oxygen as an electron acceptor during PHB catabolism. This study identifies a novel pathway by which simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal occurs in WWTPs via a single microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E2-02-13, 1 Engineering Drive 3, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jianzhong He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E2-02-13, 1 Engineering Drive 3, 117576, Singapore.
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48
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Zhang M, Zhu C, Pan T, Fan Y, Soares A, Wu J, He C. Nutrient metabolism, mass balance, and microbial structure community in a novel denitrifying phosphorus removal system based on the utilizing rules of acetate and propionate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127076. [PMID: 32485516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acetate (HAc) and propionate (HPr) on denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) was evaluated in a novel two-sludge A2/O - MBBR (anaerobic/anoxic/oxic - moving bed biofilm reactor) system. Results showed that it was the carbon source transformation and utilization especially the composition of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) (mainly poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly-bhydroxyvalerate (PHV)) decided DPR performance, where the co-exist of HAc and HPr promoted the optimal nitrogen (85.77%) and phosphorus (91.37%) removals. It facilitated the balance of PHB and PHV and removing 1 mg NO3- (PO43-) consumed 3.04-4.25 (6.84-9.82) mgPHA, where approximately 40-45% carbon source was saved. Mass balance revealed the main metabolic pathways of carbon (MAn,C (consumed amount in anaerobic stage) and MA-O,C (consumed amount in anoxic and oxic stages): 66.38-76.19%), nitrogen (MDPR,N (consumed amount in DPR): 57.01-65.75%), and phosphorus (MWS,P (discharged amount in waste sludge): 81.05-85.82%). Furthermore, the relative abundance and microbial distribution were assessed to elucidate DPR mechanism (e.g. Accumulibacter, Acinetobacter, Dechloromonas, Competibacter, and Defluviicoccus) in the A2/O reactor and nitrification performance (e.g. Nitrosomonas, Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospira) in the MBBR. Carbon source was demonstrated as the key point to stimulate the biodiversity and bioactivity related to DPR potential, and the operational strategy of carbon source addition was proposed based on the utilizing rules of HAc and HPr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Ting Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Yajun Fan
- Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Ana Soares
- Water Sciences Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK 43 0AL, UK
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China
| | - Chengda He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, PR China.
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Xiang Y, Shao Z, Chai H, Ji F, He Q. Functional microorganisms and enzymes related nitrogen cycle in the biofilm performing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123697. [PMID: 32593105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is a potential energy-saving process in wastewater treatment while the nitrogen removal mechanism is still unclear due to the lack of information about the functional microbes and enzymes. Sequencing batch biofilm reactors were implemented to achieve efficient SND. Eight nitrogen removal related microorganisms out of the top abundant 20 microbial community and reference species were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Functional enzymes and modules analysis were investigated to reveal the SND pathway: in the aerobic part of the biofilm, ammonia oxidation was catalyzed by complete ammonia oxidizers while in the inner anoxic part, denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNRA) and nitrogen fixation (NF) cooperated to stimulate nitrate removal. These results provide a practical aeration control strategy to achieve SND and indicate that DNRA and NF are important nitrogen removal pathways that should not be ignored in the SND mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Fangying Ji
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
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50
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Pang H, Pan X, Li L, He J, Zheng Y, Qu F, Ma Y, Cui B, Nan J, Liu Y. An innovative alkaline protease-based pretreatment approach for enhanced short-chain fatty acids production via a short-term anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123397. [PMID: 32526667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reported a novel pretreatment approach with combination of alkaline protease (AP) and pH 10 for enhancing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). Through the AP-based pretreatment, WAS flocs were disintegrated with cell lysis, leading to release of biodegradable organic matters. At the external AP dosage of 5%, SCOD of 5363.7 mg/L (SCOD/TCOD = 32.5%) was achievable after 2-h pretreatment. More than 66% of SCOD was composed of proteins and carbohydrates. Considerable SCFAs of 607 mg COD/g VSS was produced over a short-term anaerobic fermentation of 3 days, which was 5.4 times higher than that in the control. Acetic and propionic acids accounted for 74.1% of the SCFAs. The AP-based approach increased endogenous protease and α-glucosidase activities, facilitating biodegradation of dissolved organic matters and SCFAs production. Such approach is promising for WAS disposal and carbon recovery, the produced SCFAs might supply 60% of carbon gap in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliang Pang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Xinlei Pan
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yanshi Zheng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fangshu Qu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Baihui Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Jun Nan
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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