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Kalwani M, Kumari A, Rudra SG, Chhabra D, Pabbi S, Shukla P. Application of ANN-MOGA for nutrient sequestration for wastewater remediation and production of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) by Chlorella sorokiniana MSP1. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140835. [PMID: 38043617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella bears excellent potential in removing nutrients from industrial wastewater and lipid production enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, due to the changing nutrient dynamics of wastewater, growth and metabolic activity of Chlorella are affected. In order to sustain microalgal growth in wastewater with concomitant production of PUFA rich lipids, RSM (Response Surface Methodology) followed by heuristic hybrid computation model ANN-MOGA (Artificial Neural Network- Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm) were implemented. Preliminary experiments conducted taking one factor at a time and design matrix of RSM with process variables viz. Sodium chloride (1 mM-40 mM), Magnesium sulphate (100 mg-800 mg) and incubation time (4th day to 20th day) were validated by ANN-MOGA. The study reported improved biomass and lipid yield by 54.25% and 12.76%, along with total nitrogen and phosphorus removal by 21.92% and 18.72% respectively using ANN-MOGA. It was evident from FAME results that there was a significantly improved concentration of linoleic acid (19.1%) and γ-linolenic acid (21.1%). Improved PUFA content makes it a potential feedstock with application in cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry. The study further proves that C. sorokiniana MSP1 mediated industrial wastewater treatment with PUFA production is an effective way in providing environmental benefits along with value addition. Moreover, ANN-MOGA is a relevant tool that could control microalgal growth in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohneesh Kalwani
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India; Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arti Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shalini G Rudra
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Kumar N, Sharma R, Saharan V, Yadav A, Aggarwal NK. Enhanced Xylanolytic enzyme production from Parthenium hysterophorus through assessment of the RSM tool and their application in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:396. [PMID: 37970449 PMCID: PMC10643779 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorous, a widespread weed in India, contributes a substantial amount of lignocellulosic biomass. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of producing xylanase enzyme from P. hysterophorus weed biomass using the fungus Aspergillus niger. The impact of various physiological factors was confirmed through a two-step approach: first, a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) investigation, and subsequently, employing the RSM-based CCD method in statistical design. This research revealed that the RSM-based model led to the optimization of enzyme activity, resulting in a value of 2098.08 IU/gds for xylanase. This was achieved with an incubation time of 4.5 days, a medium pH of 6, and a cultivation temperature of 32.5 °C. Additionally, a pretreatment involving 1% NaOH and a 30-min autoclave treatment was found to alter the chemical composition of lignocellulose substrates (cellulose 43.87% and xylan 28.7%), thereby enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. Moreover, fermentable sugars were produced by autoclave-assisted alkali pretreatment (NaOH-1.0% w/v) at rates of 219.6 ± 2.05 mg/gds-1 by utilizing the crude xylanase from A. niger and 291.3 ± 1.2 mg/gds-1 from commercial xylanase enzyme. Our study revealed that P. hysterophorus served as a viable and affordable substrate for fermentable sugar liberation, and xylanase is a rate-limiting enzyme in enzymatic saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Vicky Saharan
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Neeraj K. Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
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Zhou T, Reji R, Kairon RS, Chiam KH. A review of algorithmic approaches for cell culture media optimization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1195294. [PMID: 37251567 PMCID: PMC10213948 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1195294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture media composition and culture conditions play a crucial role in product yield, quality and cost of production. Culture media optimization is the technique of improving media composition and culture conditions to achieve desired product outcomes. To achieve this, there have been many algorithmic methods proposed and used for culture media optimization in the literature. To help readers evaluate and decide on a method that best suits their specific application, we carried out a systematic review of the different methods from an algorithmic perspective that classifies, explains and compares the available methods. We also examine the trends and new developments in the area. This review provides recommendations to researchers regarding the suitable media optimization algorithm for their applications and we hope to also promote the development of new cell culture media optimization methods that are better suited to existing and upcoming challenges in this biotechnology field, which will be essential for more efficient production of various cell culture products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxun Zhou
- Bioinformatics Institute, Cellular Image Informatics Division, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rinta Reji
- Bioinformatics Institute, Cellular Image Informatics Division, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryanjit Singh Kairon
- Bioinformatics Institute, Cellular Image Informatics Division, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keng Hwee Chiam
- Bioinformatics Institute, Cellular Image Informatics Division, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Shree B, Jayakrishnan U, Bhushan S. Impact of key parameters involved with plant-microbe interaction in context to global climate change. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008451. [PMID: 36246210 PMCID: PMC9561941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have a critical influence on climate change that directly or indirectly impacts plant and microbial diversity on our planet. Due to climate change, there is an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme environmental events such as temperature rise, drought, and precipitation. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2, CH4, NOx, water vapor, increase in global temperature, and change in rainfall patterns have impacted soil–plant-microbe interactions, which poses a serious threat to food security. Microbes in the soil play an essential role in plants’ resilience to abiotic and biotic stressors. The soil microbial communities are sensitive and responsive to these stressors. Therefore, a systemic approach to climate adaptation will be needed which acknowledges the multidimensional nature of plant-microbe-environment interactions. In the last two scores of years, there has been an enhancement in the understanding of plant’s response to microbes at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels due to the availability of techniques and tools. This review highlights some of the critical factors influencing plant-microbe interactions under stress. The association and response of microbe and plants as a result of several stresses such as temperature, salinity, metal toxicity, and greenhouse gases are also depicted. New tools to study the molecular complexity of these interactions, such as genomic and sequencing approaches, which provide researchers greater accuracy, reproducibility, and flexibility for exploring plant-microbe–environment interactions under a changing climate, are also discussed in the review, which will be helpful in the development of resistant crops/plants in present and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Shree
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | | | - Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Shashi Bhushan,
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Sohail M, Barzkar N, Michaud P, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Das R, Nahavandi R. Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Enzymes from Yeasts: Properties and Industrial Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:3783. [PMID: 35744909 PMCID: PMC9229053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose, the main component of plant cell walls, comprises polyaromatic lignin and fermentable materials, cellulose and hemicellulose. It is a plentiful and renewable feedstock for chemicals and energy. It can serve as a raw material for the production of various value-added products, including cellulase and xylanase. Cellulase is essentially required in lignocellulose-based biorefineries and is applied in many commercial processes. Likewise, xylanases are industrially important enzymes applied in papermaking and in the manufacture of prebiotics and pharmaceuticals. Owing to the widespread application of these enzymes, many prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been exploited to produce cellulase and xylanases in good yields, yet yeasts have rarely been explored for their plant-cell-wall-degrading activities. This review is focused on summarizing reports about cellulolytic and xylanolytic yeasts, their properties, and their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 3995, Iran
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Institute Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 3995, Iran
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Rakesh Das
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433 Aas, Norway;
| | - Reza Nahavandi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 8361, Iran;
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Nascimento AGLC, Zuppa ÉS, Zonin M, de Sousa GFS, de Andrades D, Ayub MAZ, Maller A, da Conceição Silva JL, de Cássia Garcia Simão R, Kadowaki MK. Prebiotic effect of sorghum biomass xylooligosaccharides employing immobilized endoxylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus PC7S1T. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1167-1174. [PMID: 35482283 PMCID: PMC9433589 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified endoxylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus PC7S1T was immobilized in calcium alginate, resulting in a yield of 78.5% and a reusability for 11 cycles. The stability of the immobilized enzyme was given for a pH range of 4 to 9 for 96 h. Endoxylanase immobilized in calcium alginate at 65 °C exhibited thermal stability equal to the soluble enzyme for 5 h, and at high temperatures of 75 °C and 85 °C showed half-lives of 4 and 3 h, respectively. Both soluble endoxylanase and immobilized forms were able to hydrolyze hemicellulose, obtained from low-lignin sorghum biomass pretreated with 5% H2O2 and 2% NaOH, after 1 h of incubation at 65 °C, releasing a mixture of short-chain xylooligosaccharides (X2-X6). The highest amounts of XOS generated were those for X5 (24 to 40%), X4 (33 to 39%), and X3 (11 to 22%). These XOS acted as prebiotics, promoting the growth of the probiotic L. acidophilus, similar to glucose in the MRS broth. These results show the potential of low-lignin sorghum to generate XOS with prebiotic activity, suggesting the application of these compounds in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Érica Sabrina Zuppa
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zonin
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Biotechnology Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, ZC 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS, ZC 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Maller
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | - José Luis da Conceição Silva
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Garcia Simão
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Marina Kimiko Kadowaki
- Center of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical, Western Paraná State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, ZC 85814-110, Brazil.
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Dixit M, Kumar Gupta G, Yadav M, Chhabra D, Kumar Kapoor R, Pathak P, Bhardwaj NK, Shukla P. Improved deinking and biobleaching efficiency of enzyme consortium from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 using genetic Algorithm-Artificial neural network based tools. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126846. [PMID: 35158033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the combined enzymatic production efficiency of thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 using a combinatory artificial intelligence-based tool, resulting in 2.7 IU/ml, 5.2 IU/ml, and 18.85 U/ml activity of endoglucanase, amylase, and lipase, respectively with good thermostability at 90 °C (pH 8-10). Interestingly, the metal ions viz. Cu2+ and Mg2+ increased the endoglucanase activity to 5 folds, i.e.,5.6 IU/ml compared to control. Further, the amylase and lipase activity was also enhanced by Fe2+ and Co2+ to 5.4 IU/ml and 19.57 U/ml, respectively. Additionally, the deinking efficiency was improved by 68.9%, 42.7%, and 52.8% by endoglucanase, amylase, and lipase, respectively, while the consortium increased the deinking efficiency to 72.7%. The bio-bleached paper strength parameters such as burst index, breaking length, tear index, and tensile index of sheets were significantly improved by 1.38%, 13.54%, 7.54%, and 20.88%, respectively. These enzymes at an industrial scale would help develop an economical paper recycling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Dixit
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Guddu Kumar Gupta
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Yadav
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Kapoor
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Puneet Pathak
- Avantha Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana 135001, India
| | - Nishi K Bhardwaj
- Avantha Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana 135001, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kumar V, Bahuguna A, Ramalingam S, Dhakal G, Shim JJ, Kim M. Recent technological advances in mechanism, toxicity, and food perspectives of enzyme-mediated aflatoxin degradation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5395-5412. [PMID: 34955062 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus section Flavi that contaminates a wide variety of food and feed products and is responsible for serious health and economic consequences. Fermented foods are prepared with a wide variety of substrates over a long fermentation time and are thus vulnerable to contamination by aflatoxin-producing fungi, leading to the production of aflatoxin B1. The mitigation and control of aflatoxin is currently a prime focus for developing safe aflatoxin-free food. This review summarizes the role of major aflatoxin-degrading enzymes such as laccase, peroxidase, and lactonase, and microorganisms in the context of their application in food. A putative mechanism of enzyme-mediated aflatoxin degradation and toxicity evaluation of the degraded products are also extensively discussed to evaluate the safety of degradation processes for food applications. The review also describes aflatoxin-degrading microorganisms isolated from fermented products and investigates their applicability in food as aflatoxin preventing agents. Furthermore, a summary of recent technological advancements in protein engineering, nanozymes, in silico and statistical optimization approaches are explored to improve the industrial applicability of aflatoxin-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Srinivasan Ramalingam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dhakal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Unraveling Synergism between Various GH Family Xylanases and Debranching Enzymes during Hetero-Xylan Degradation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226770. [PMID: 34833862 PMCID: PMC8618192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes classified with the same Enzyme Commission (EC) that are allotted in different glycoside hydrolase (GH) families can display different mechanisms of action and substrate specificities. Therefore, the combination of different enzyme classes may not yield synergism during biomass hydrolysis, as the GH family allocation of the enzymes influences their behavior. As a result, it is important to understand which GH family combinations are compatible to gain knowledge on how to efficiently depolymerize biomass into fermentable sugars. We evaluated GH10 (Xyn10D and XT6) and GH11 (XynA and Xyn2A) β-xylanase performance alone and in combination with various GH family α-l-arabinofuranosidases (GH43 AXH-d and GH51 Abf51A) and α-d-glucuronidases (GH4 Agu4B and GH67 AguA) during xylan depolymerization. No synergistic enhancement in reducing sugar, xylose and glucuronic acid released from beechwood xylan was observed when xylanases were supplemented with either one of the glucuronidases, except between Xyn2A and AguA (1.1-fold reducing sugar increase). However, overall sugar release was significantly improved (≥1.1-fold reducing sugar increase) when xylanases were supplemented with either one of the arabinofuranosidases during wheat arabinoxylan degradation. Synergism appeared to result from the xylanases liberating xylo-oligomers, which are the preferred substrates of the terminal arabinofuranosyl-substituent debranching enzyme, Abf51A, allowing the exolytic β-xylosidase, SXA, to have access to the generated unbranched xylo-oligomers. Here, it was shown that arabinofuranosidases are key enzymes in the efficient saccharification of hetero-xylan into xylose. This study demonstrated that consideration of GH family affiliations of the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) used to formulate synergistic enzyme cocktails is crucial for achieving efficient biomass saccharification.
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Khangwal I, Chhabra D, Shukla P. Multi-Objective Optimization Through Machine Learning Modeling for Production of Xylooligosaccharides from Alkali-Pretreated Corn-Cob Xylan Via Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:458-466. [PMID: 34744201 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemicellulose content present in corn cobs can help in producing a high amount of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in an eco-friendly manner. In this work, the XOS was produced from alkali pre-treated corn-cobs having a true yield of 38 ± 1.4% via enzymatic hydrolysis with the help of xylanase from T. lanuginosus VAPS-24. The production process was optimized to achieve a high concentration of XOS using innovative multi-objective optimization through machine learning modeling and finding out the most suitable parameters where xylobiose production is higher than xylose. The Multi-objective connected neural networks (MOCNN) model with tangent sigmoid activation function yielded a correlation coefficient of 96.51%; there were six optimal sets where xylobiose concentration was higher than xylose. The best-optimized conditions yielded 3.03 mg/ml of xylobiose and 1.31 mg/ml of xylose. Therefore, this novel approach of machine learning can target the increasing demand for xylooligosaccharides in the growing industrial market of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishu Khangwal
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India.,Present Address: School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Xu A, Chang H, Xu Y, Li R, Li X, Zhao Y. Applying artificial neural networks (ANNs) to solve solid waste-related issues: A critical review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:385-402. [PMID: 33662770 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently attracted significant attention in environmental areas because of their great self-learning capability and good accuracy in mapping complex nonlinear relationships. These properties of ANNs benefit their application in solving different solid waste-related issues. However, the configurations, including ANN framework, algorithm, data set partition, input parameters, hidden layer, and performance evaluation, vary and have not reached a consensus among relevant studies. To address the current state of the art of ANN application in the solid waste field and identify the commonalities of ANNs, this critical review was conducted by focusing on a modeling perspective and using 177 relevant papers published over the last decade (2010-2020). We classified the reviewed studies into four categories in terms of research scales. ANNs were found to be applied widely in waste generation and technological parameter prediction and proven effective in solving meso-microscale and microscale issues, including waste conversion, emissions, and microbial and dynamic processes. Given the difficulty of data collection in many solid waste-related issues, most studies included a data size of 101-150. For mathematical optimization, dividing the data into training-validation-test sets is preferable, and the training set is supposed to account for ~70%. A single hidden layer is usually sufficient, and the optimal numbers of hidden layer nodes most likely range from 4 to 20. This review is supposed to contribute basic and comprehensive knowledge to the researchers in general waste management and specialized ANN study on solid waste-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankun Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Huimin Chang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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12
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Sales de Menezes LH, Carneiro LL, Maria de Carvalho Tavares I, Santos PH, Pereira das Chagas T, Mendes AA, Paranhos da Silva EG, Franco M, Rangel de Oliveira J. Artificial neural network hybridized with a genetic algorithm for optimization of lipase production from Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 in solid-state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Fasim A, More VS, More SS. Large-scale production of enzymes for biotechnology uses. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 69:68-76. [PMID: 33388493 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up the chemical reaction to obtain the final valuable product/s. Biotechnology has revolutionized the use of traditional enzymes to be applicable in industries such as food, beverage, personal and household care, agriculture, bioenergy, pharmaceutical, and various other segments. With respect to the exponential growth of enzymes in biotech industries, it becomes important to highlight the advancements and impact of enzyme technology over recent years. In this review article, we discuss the existing and emerging production approaches, applications, developments, and global need for enzymes. Special emphasis is given to the predominantly utilized hydrolytic microbial enzymes in industrial bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Fasim
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 560 111, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena S More
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560 057 Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 560 111, Karnataka, India.
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14
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Foroozandeh Shahraki M, Farhadyar K, Kavousi K, Azarabad MH, Boroomand A, Ariaeenejad S, Hosseini Salekdeh G. A generalized machine-learning aided method for targeted identification of industrial enzymes from metagenome: A xylanase temperature dependence case study. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:759-769. [PMID: 33095441 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Growing industrial utilization of enzymes and the increasing availability of metagenomic data highlight the demand for effective methods of targeted identification and verification of novel enzymes from various environmental microbiota. Xylanases are a class of enzymes with numerous industrial applications and are involved in the degradation of xylose, a component of lignocellulose. The optimum temperature of enzymes is an essential factor to be considered when choosing appropriate biocatalysts for a particular purpose. Therefore, in silico prediction of this attribute is a significant cost and time-effective step in the effort to characterize novel enzymes. The objective of this study was to develop a computational method to predict the thermal dependence of xylanases. This tool was then implemented for targeted screening of putative xylanases with specific thermal dependencies from metagenomic data and resulted in the identification of three novel xylanases from sheep and cow rumen microbiota. Here we present thermal activity prediction for xylanase, a new sequence-based machine learning method that has been trained using a selected combination of various protein features. This random forest classifier discriminates non-thermophilic, thermophilic, and hyper-thermophilic xylanases. The model's performance was evaluated through multiple iterations of sixfold cross-validations as well as holdout tests, and it is freely accessible as a web-service at arimees.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Foroozandeh Shahraki
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Farhadyar
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Azarabad
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Boroomand
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Shi Z, Han C, Zhang X, Tian L, Wang L. Novel Synergistic Mechanism for Lignocellulose Degradation by a Thermophilic Filamentous Fungus and a Thermophilic Actinobacterium Based on Functional Proteomics. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:539438. [PMID: 33042052 PMCID: PMC7518101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.539438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective artificial microbial consortia containing microorganisms with desired biological functions have the potential to optimize the lignocellulose-based bioindustry. Thermobifida fusca was a dominant actinobacterium in high-temperature corn stalk composts, but it was unable to grow alone in corn stalk solid medium. Interestingly, T. fusca showed good growth and secreted enzymes when cocultured with Thermomyces lanuginosus. T. lanuginosus grew firstly during the initial stage, whereas T. fusca dominated the system subsequently during cocultivation. The secretome indicated that T. lanuginosus mainly degraded xylan by expressing a GH11 xylanase (g4601.t1, GenBank AAB94633.1; with relative secretion of 4.95 ± 0.65%). T. fusca was induced by xylan mainly to secrete a xylanase from GH11 family (W8GGR4, GenBank AHK22788.1; with relative secretion of 8.71 ± 3.83%) which could rapidly degrade xylan to xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) and xylose within 2 min, while high concentrations (>0.5%, w/v) of XOS or xylose suppressed the growth of T. fusca; which may be the reason why T. fusca unable to grow alone in corn stalk solid medium. However, T. lanuginosus could utilize the XOS and xylose produced by xylanases secreted by T. fusca. During the synergistic degradation of lignocellulose by T. lanuginosus and T. fusca, xylan was rapidly consumed by T. lanuginosus, the residual cellulose could specifically induced T. fusca to express a GH10 xylanase with a CBM2 domain (Q47KR6, GenBank AAZ56956.1; with relative secretion of 5.03 ± 1.33%) and 6 cellulases (2 exocellulases and 4 endocellulases). Moreover, T. lanuginosus increased the secretion of cellulases from T. fusca by 19-25%. The order of T. lanuginosus and T. fusca was consistent with the multilayered structures of lignocellulose and could be regulated by different concentrations of XOS and xylose. The novel synergism of T. lanuginosus and T. fusca gave a new sight for revealing more synergetic relationships in natural environments and exploring efficient microbial inoculants and enzyme cocktails for lignocellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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16
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The contribution of specific subsites to catalytic activities in active site architecture of a GH11 xylanase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8735-8745. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Mathibe BN, Malgas S, Radosavljevic L, Kumar V, Shukla P, Pletschke BI. Lignocellulosic pretreatment-mediated phenolic by-products generation and their effect on the inhibition of an endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:349. [PMID: 32728516 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of eight model lignin derivatives (ferulic acid, guaiacol, kraft lignin (alkali, low sulfonate content), p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, vanillin and vanillic acid) on XynA activity was evaluated. The model lignin derivatives viz. gallic acid, vanillic acid and vanillin were inhibitory to XynA activity, with an over 50% reduction in activity at concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/ml. However, enzyme deactivation studies in the absence of substrate showed that these pretreatment by-products do not interact with the enzyme except when in the presence of its substrate. The effect of the main structural properties of the pretreatment-derived phenolics, for example their hydroxyl and carbonyl group types, on XynA enzyme inhibition was investigated. The presence of carbonyl groups in phenolics appeared to confer stronger inhibitory effects than hydroxyl groups on XynA activity. The hydrolytic potential of XynA was not inhibited by a mixture of phenolics derived after steam pretreatment of woody biomass (Douglas fir and Black wattle). It appears as if the liquors from steam-pretreated woody biomass did not possess high enough phenolic content to confer XynA inhibition. The xylanase (XynA from Thermomyces lanuginosus) is, therefore, a striking choice for application in biofuel and fine chemical industries for the xylan degradation in steam-pretreated biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Mathibe
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Layla Radosavljevic
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
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18
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Marques GL, Aguiar-Oliveira E. Yellow mombin and jackfruit seeds residues applied in the production of reducing sugars by a crude multi-enzymatic extract produced by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 101110. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3428-3434. [PMID: 32166762 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an alternative to the use of widely investigated agro-industrial residues, the present study aimed to promote the valorization of two selected residues, yellow mombin seed (YS) and jackfruit seed (JS), as a result of their enhanced performance. RESULTS YS was applied as a solid state substrate for Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 101110 cultivation (25 °C, Aw = 0.963, 107 spores g-1 and 142 h) to produce a crude multi-enzymatic extract (CE-YS) containing activities of CMCase = 31.95 U g-1 , xylanase = 56.85 U g-1 , exoglucanase = 5.55 U g-1 and FPase = 24.60 U g-1 . CE-YS was then applied to six different residues saccharification and the best performance was obtained with jackfruit seed residue (JS), which was selected for enzymatic saccharification. The highest productivity of reducing sugars expressed as glucose (6.26 mg g-1 h-1 ) was obtained under the conditions: 40.7 g L-1 JS, 5 mmol L-1 MgCl2 , 65 °C, 120 rpm, pH 3.0 (citrate buffer 50 mmol L-1 ) and 18 h. CONCLUSION The residues, YS and JS, can be used satisfactorily for the production of bioproducts of great industrial applicability, such as crude extracts (containing cellulolytic enzymes) and RS (which can be converted, for example, into bioethanol). © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L Marques
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technologies (DCET), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Elizama Aguiar-Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technologies (DCET), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
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19
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Jacomini D, Bussler L, Corrêa JM, Kadowaki MK, Maller A, da-Conceição Silva JL, Simão RDCG. Cloning, expression and characterization of C. crescentus xynA2 gene and application of Xylanase II in the deconstruction of plant biomass. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4427-4438. [PMID: 32424521 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology offers innovative alternatives for industrial bioprocesses mainly because it uses enzymes that biodegrade the hemicellulose releasing fermentable sugars. Caulobacter crescentus (C. crescentus) has seven genes responsible for xylanolytic cleavage, 5 to β-xylosidases (EC 3.2.1.37) and 2 for endoxylanases, like xynA2 (CCNA_03137) that encodes Xylanase II (EC 3.2.1.8) of the glycohydrolases-GH10 group. The xynA2 gene was amplified by PCR, cloned into the pTrcHisA vector e efficiently overexpressed in E. coli providing a His-tag fusion protein. Recombinant xylanase (XynA2) was purified by affinity chromatography using a nickel sepharose column and exhibited a single 43 kDa band on SDS-PAGE gel. XynA2 showed an optimum alkaline pH (8) and stability at alkaline pH for 24 h. Although C. crescentus is mesophilic, XynA2 has optimum temperature of 60 °C and is thermo-resistance at 65 °C. XynA maintains 66% of the enzymatic activity at high temperatures (90 °C) without being denatured.The enzyme displayed a xylanolitic activity free of cellulase to xylan from beechwood and it was not inhibited in the presence of 50 μmol mL-1 of xylose. In addition, dithiothreitol (DTT) induced XynA2 activity, as it improved its kinetic parameters by lowering the KM (5.78 μmol mL-1) and increasing the KCat/KM ratio (1.63 U s-1). Finally, C. crescentus XynA2 efficiently hydrolyzed corn straw with high release of reducing sugars that can be applied in different branches of the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Jacomini
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel,, Paraná, 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bussler
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel,, Paraná, 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Juliana Moço Corrêa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Marina Kimiko Kadowaki
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Maller
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, 85814-110, Brazil
| | - José Luis da-Conceição Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, 85814-110, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Garcia Simão
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel,, Paraná, 85814-110, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR, 85814-110, Brazil.
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20
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Sunkar B, Kannoju B, Bhukya B. Optimized Production of Xylanase by Penicillium purpurogenum and Ultrasound Impact on Enzyme Kinetics for the Production of Monomeric Sugars From Pretreated Corn Cobs. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:772. [PMID: 32390996 PMCID: PMC7193903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn cob is an abundant organic source with significant potential in sustainable energy development. For the effective conversion of the feedstocks to valued commodities, effective biocatalysts are highly desired. The present study aims at optimizing the critical parameters required for xylanase production by Penicillium purpurogenum isolated from rotten wood sample using the Taguchi orthogonal array layout of L25 (5∧6). The optimized conditions like temperature 40°C, pH 3, size of inoculum 1.2 × 108 spores/ml, moisture 70%, peptone 0.8%, and 5 days of incubation resulted in 1,097 ± 6.76 U/gram dry substrate (gds) xylanase which was 65.72% more when compared to un-optimized production of xylanase. The xylanase thus produced, effectively carried out pretreated corn cob saccharification and the reaction was further improved with ultrasound assistance which has increased the saccharification yield to 12.02% along with significant reduction in reaction time. The saccharification efficiency of pretreated corn cob was found to be 80.29% more compared to the raw corn cob, reflecting its recalcitrance to digestion. Indeed, xylan being the second most abundant polymer in lignocellulosic biomass, considerable attention is being paid for its effective conversion to valued products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Sunkar
- Centre for Microbial and Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Balakrishna Kannoju
- Centre for Microbial and Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhima Bhukya
- Centre for Microbial and Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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21
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Mathibe BN, Malgas S, Radosavljevic L, Kumar V, Shukla P, Pletschke BI. Tryptic Mapping Based Structural Insights of Endo-1, 4-β-Xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:392-395. [PMID: 32655201 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An endo-1,4-β-xylanase, XynA, from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24, was purified to homogeneity and exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 20 kDa. The protein sequence of XynA was found to be similar to those of other Thermomyces lanuginosus derived xylanases and, as a result, could be used as a model enzyme for understanding the protein structure-activity relationship and facilitating protein engineering to design enzyme variants with desirable properties. Therefore, this xylanase will be an attractive candidate for applications in the biofuel and fine chemical industries for the degradation of xylans in steam pre-treated biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Mathibe
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape 6140 South Africa
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape 6140 South Africa
| | - Layla Radosavljevic
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape 6140 South Africa
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape 6140 South Africa
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22
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Wu X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Liu S, Chen G, Zhang H, Wang L. Insights Into the Role of Exposed Surface Charged Residues in the Alkali-Tolerance of GH11 Xylanase. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:872. [PMID: 32457729 PMCID: PMC7225583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable and alkaline- or acid-stable xylanases are more advantageous in agricultural and industrial fields. In this study, a rational structure-based design was conducted based on a thermostable GH11 xylanase TlXynA from Thermomyces lanuginosus to improved pH-tolerance. Four mutant enzymes (P1, P2, P3, and P4) and five variants (N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5) were constructed by substituting surface charged residue combinations using site-directed mutagenesis. Compared to the native enzyme, two mutants P1 and P2 showed higher acid tolerance, especially at pH 3.0, presented 50 and 40% of their maximum activity, respectively. In addition, four mutants N1, N2, N3 and N4 had higher tolerance than the native enzyme to alkaline environments (pH 7.0-9.0). At pH 9.0, the residual activities of N1, N2, N3, and N4 were 86, 78, 77, and 66%, respectively. In summary, an improved pH-tolerance design principle is being reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lanzeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Taishan College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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23
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Hamann PR, Gomes TC, de M.B.Silva L, Noronha EF. Influence of lignin-derived phenolic compounds on the Clostridium thermocellum endo-β-1,4-xylanase XynA. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Yang J, Huang Y, Xu H, Gu D, Xu F, Tang J, Fang C, Yang Y. Optimization of fungi co-fermentation for improving anthraquinone contents and antioxidant activity using artificial neural networks. Food Chem 2020; 313:126138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Enhanced methylene blue decolourization by Rhodococcus strain UCC 0003 grown in banana peel agricultural waste through response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Dhankhar R, Kumar A, Kumar S, Chhabra D, Shukla P, Gulati P. Multilevel algorithms and evolutionary hybrid tools for enhanced production of arginine deiminase from Pseudomonas furukawaii RS3. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121789. [PMID: 31326652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a high arginine deiminase (ADI) yielding bacterium was isolated from soil samples of Haryana, India and identified as Pseudomonas furukawaii. The specific enzyme activity was optimized to 1.420 IU/ml by OFAT and further enhanced to 2.708 IU/ml (an increase of 90.7%) with the help of statistical parametric optimization approaches using GA-ANN and GA-ANFIS. The obtained value of the coefficient of correlation (R = 0.88) for ANN and epoch error (0.12) for ANFIS, indicates the prediction accuracy and strength of these data training models. ADI production was improved significantly in simple super broth media supplemented with 1.5% fructose and 1.75% arginine at pH 7 at 37 °C using multilevel algorithms and evolutionary hybrid tools. The native enzyme was partially purified (ten-fold) up to a specific enzyme activity of 29.559 IU/mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Dhankhar
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Improving the thermostability and catalytic efficiency of GH11 xylanase PjxA by adding disulfide bridges. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:354-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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He J, Tang F, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Yu F. Design, expression and functional characterization of a thermostable xylanase from Trichoderma reesei. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210548. [PMID: 30650138 PMCID: PMC6334952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanases isolated from microorganisms such as the Trichoderma reesei have attracted considerable research interest because of their potential in various industrial applications. However, naturally isolated xylanases cannot withstand harsh conditions such as high temperature and basic pH. In this study, we performed structural analysis of the major T. reesei xylanase (Xyn2), and novel flexible regions of the enzyme were identified based on B-factor, a molecular dynamics (MD) parameter. To improve thermostability of the Xyn2, disulfide bonds were introduced into the unstable flexible region by using site-directed mutagenesis and two recombinant xylanases, XM1 (Xyn2Cys12-52) and XM2 (Xyn2Cys59-149) were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. Secreted recombinant Xyn2 was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 24 kDa. Interestingly, the half-lives of XM1 and XM2 at 60°C were 2.5- and 1.8- fold higher, respectively than those of native Xyn2. The XM1 also exhibited improved pH stability and maintained more than 60% activity over pH values ranging from 2.0 to 10.0. However, the specific activity and catalytic efficiency of XM1 was decreased as compared to those of XM2 and native Xyn2. Our results will assist not only in elucidating of the interactions between protein structure and function, but also in rational target selection for improving the thermostability of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Feng Tang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Kumar V, Kumar A, Chhabra D, Shukla P. Improved biobleaching of mixed hardwood pulp and process optimization using novel GA-ANN and GA-ANFIS hybrid statistical tools. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:274-282. [PMID: 30278352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The process parameters for xylanase biobleaching of mixed hardwood pulp like, reaction time (6-35 h), pulp consistency (2.5-15%) and xylanase dose (5-35 U) were optimized using OFAT approach and hybrid statistical tools viz. GA-ANN and GA-ANFIS. The biobleaching ability of xylanase in terms of reducing sugar yield increased up to 28.16 mg g-1 (28.05%) than OFAT optimization (21.99 mg g-1 of pulp) after employing hybrid statistical tools. After TCF bleaching of xylanase treated pulp, we observed that lignin content reduced to 0.29% whereas it was still 0.41% in the untreated pulp. Moreover, the brightness level achieved up to 70.4% in xylanase treated pulp while it was only 53.60% in the chemically treated pulp. The kappa number for xylanase treated, chemically treated, and xylanase-chemical treated pulp was recorded 9.90, 7.10 and 4.70, respectively. The present study reports an improved eco-friendly biobleaching method using novel GA-ANN and GA-ANFIS hybrid statistical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Kumar V, Singh PK, Shukla P. Thermostability and Substrate Specificity of GH-11 Xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS24. Indian J Microbiol 2018; 58:515-519. [PMID: 30262962 PMCID: PMC6141391 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The three dimensional structure (3D structure) of GH-11 xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus was obtained through homology modeling. To study the enzyme interaction with an end product of enzyme catalysis, the xylanase two sugar molecules xylose and xylobiose has been docked into the active site of GH-11 xylanase through molecular docking. Based on the free binding energy and Inhibition constant, concluded xylose makes more stable complex than xylobiose. Further, the molecular dynamic simulation studies were carried out at different temperature, i.e. 323, 333, 343 and 353 K (i.e. 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C). It has been observed that there was minor structural modification in 3D-structure of xylanase at 323, 333, and 343 K. But the helix and sheets moved out of the initial structure when simulation carried out at during 353 K (80 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Puneet Kumar Singh
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Aarti C, Khusro A, Agastian P. Carboxymethyl cellulase production optimization from Glutamicibacter arilaitensis strain ALA4 and its application in lignocellulosic waste biomass saccharification. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:853-866. [PMID: 30303451 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1514513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this context, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) production from Glutamicibacter arilaitensis strain ALA4 was initially optimized by one factor at a time (OFAT) method using goat dung as proficient feedstock. Two-level full factorial design (25 factorial matrix) using first-order polynomial model revealed the significant (p < 0.05) influence of pH, moisture, and peptone on CMCase activity. Central composite design at N = 20 was further taken into account using a second-order polynomial equation, and thereby liberated maximum CMCase activity of 4925.56 ± 31.61 U/g in the goat dung medium of pH 8.0 and 100% moisture containing 1% (w/w) peptone, which was approximately two fold increment with respect to OFAT method. Furthermore, the partially purified CMCase exhibited stability not only at high pH and temperature but also in the presence of varied metal ions, organic solvents, surfactants, and inhibitors with pronounced residual activities. The enzymatic hydrolysis using partially purified CMCase depicted the maximum liberation of fermentable sugars from alkali pretreated lignocellulosic wastes biomass in the order of paddy straw (13.8 ± 0.15 mg/g) > pomegranate peel (9.1 ± 0.18 mg/g) > sweet lime peel (8.37 ± 0.16 mg/g), with saccharification efficiency of 62.1 ± 0.8, 40.95 ± 0.4, and 37.66 ± 0.4%, respectively after 72 hr of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirom Aarti
- a Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology , Loyola College , Chennai , India
| | - Ameer Khusro
- a Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology , Loyola College , Chennai , India
| | - Paul Agastian
- a Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology , Loyola College , Chennai , India
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Guo H, Hong C, Zheng B, Jiang D, Qin W. Improving enzymatic digestibility of wheat straw pretreated by a cellulase-free xylanase-secreting Pseudomonas boreopolis G22 with simultaneous production of bioflocculants. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:250. [PMID: 30245742 PMCID: PMC6142706 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylan removal by bacterial pretreatments has been confirmed to increase the digestibility of biomass. Here, an effective xylan removal technique has been developed to enhance the digestibility of wheat straw and simultaneously produce bioflocculants by a cellulase-free xylanase-secreting strain, Pseudomonas boreopolis G22. RESULTS The results indicated that P. boreopolis G22 is an alkaliphilic strain which can secrete abundant amounts of xylanase. This xylanase had activity levels of 2.67-1.75 U mL-1 after an incubation period of 5-25 days. The xylanase showed peak activity levels at pH 8.6, and retained more than 85% relative activity in the pH range of 7.2-9.8. After 15 days of cultivation, the hemicellulose contents of the wheat straw were significantly decreased by 32.5%, while its cellulose contents were increased by 27.3%, compared to that of the control. The maximum reducing sugars released from the 15-day-pretreated wheat straw were 1.8-fold higher than that of the untreated wheat straw, under optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. In addition, a maximum bioflocculant yield of 2.08 g L-1 was extracted from the fermentation broth after 15 days of incubation. The aforementioned bioflocculants could be used to efficiently decolorize a dye solution. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the cellulase-free xylanase-secreting P. boreopolis G22 may be a potential strain for wheat straw pretreatments. The strain G22 does not only enhance the enzymatic digestibility of wheat straw, but also simultaneously produces a number of bioflocculants that can be used for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Chuntao Hong
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ningbo City, Ningbo, 315040 China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300 China
| | - Dean Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
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Thermostable Xylanase Production by Geobacillus sp. Strain DUSELR13, and Its Application in Ethanol Production with Lignocellulosic Biomass. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030093. [PMID: 30189618 PMCID: PMC6164562 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to optimize the production of xylanase, and its application for ethanol production using the lignocellulosic biomass. A highly thermostable crude xylanase was obtained from the Geobacillus sp. strain DUSELR13 isolated from the deep biosphere of Homestake gold mine, Lead, SD. Geobacillus sp. strain DUSELR13 produced 6 U/mL of the xylanase with the beechwood xylan. The xylanase production was improved following the optimization studies, with one factor at a time approach, from 6 U/mL to 19.8 U/mL with xylan. The statistical optimization with response surface methodology further increased the production to 31 U/mL. The characterization studies revealed that the crude xylanase complex had an optimum pH of 7.0, with a broad pH range of 5.0⁻9.0, and an optimum temperature of 75 °C. The ~45 kDa xylanase protein was highly thermostable with t1/2 of 48, 38, and 13 days at 50, 60, and 70 °C, respectively. The xylanase activity increased with the addition of Cu+2, Zn+2, K+, and Fe+2 at 1 mM concentration, and Ca+2, Zn+2, Mg+2, and Na⁺ at 10 mM concentration. The comparative analysis of the crude xylanase against its commercial counterpart Novozymes Cellic HTec and Dupont, Accellerase XY, showed that it performed better at higher temperature, hydrolyzing 65.4% of the beechwood at 75 °C. The DUSEL R13 showed the mettle to hydrolyze, and utilize the pretreated, and untreated lignocellulosic biomass: prairie cord grass (PCG), and corn stover (CS) as the substrate, and gave a maximum yield of 20.5 U/mL with the untreated PCG. When grown in co-culture with Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, it produced 3.53 and 3.72 g/L ethanol, respectively with PCG, and CS. With these characteristics the xylanase under study could be an industrial success for the high temperature bioprocesses.
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Sharma S, Sharma V, Nargotra P, Bajaj BK. Process desired functional attributes of an endoxylanase of GH10 family from a new strain of Aspergillus terreus S9. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:663-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Kumar V, Shukla P. Extracellular xylanase production from T. lanuginosus VAPS24 at pilot scale and thermostability enhancement by immobilization. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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36
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Lyu H, Zhou J, Lyu C, Meng F, Geng Z, Zhang M. Exploration and optimization of mixed acid synergistic catalysis pretreatment for maximum C5 sugars. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:53-60. [PMID: 29614451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment could be strengthened by acetic and lactic acids produced from the process. The synergistic effect of the mixed acid catalyst of lactic acid and acetic acid was investigated for the purpose of maximization of the overall C5 sugars yield. Individual acids (acetic and lactic acid) and mixed acid were used to strengthen the LHW pretreatment at different conditions. The results showed that the suitable conditions of mixed acid synergistic catalysis was at 180 °C for 60 min and 3 wt% mixed acid where the ratio of 40% (i.e. 0.40 in mass fraction of lactic acid in mixed acid). Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to further optimize this process. The highest yield of C5 sugars of 93.83% according to theoretical predicted model, was close to the experiment value of 92.53% at 177 °C for 67 min and with the ratio of mixed acid of 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunliu Lyu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fanmei Meng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongfeng Geng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Minhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Integrated Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Disease Diagnostics. Indian J Microbiol 2018; 58:252-255. [PMID: 29651188 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanocomputational techniques in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing the interpretations of the crucial information from the medical data and converting it into optimized and organized information for diagnostics. It is possible due to valuable perfection in artificial intelligence, computer aided diagnostics, virtual assistant, robotic surgery, augmented reality and genome editing (based on AI) technologies. Such techniques are serving as the products for diagnosing emerging microbial or non microbial diseases. This article represents a combinatory approach of using such approaches and providing therapeutic solutions towards utilizing these techniques in disease diagnostics.
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Kumar V, Dangi AK, Shukla P. Engineering Thermostable Microbial Xylanases Toward its Industrial Applications. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:226-235. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Guo H, Wu Y, Hong C, Chen H, Chen X, Zheng B, Jiang D, Qin W. Enhancing digestibility of Miscanthus using lignocellulolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1008-1015. [PMID: 28946202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study an effective bacterial pretreatment method was developed to improve digestibility of Miscanthus. Seven new bacterial isolates, which showed excellent xylanase production ability using Miscanthus as carbon source, were used to perform the pretreatment experiments. After pretreatment, the hemicellulose content and crystallinity index of Miscanthus were decreased, while the reducing sugars released from Miscanthus were significantly increased by 30.8-87.8% after enzymatic hydrolysis. Bacillus sp. G0 was selected to optimize the pretreatment parameters via response surface methodology due to its high reducing sugars released from Miscanthus. According to the optimal model, the pretreatment parameters were set as citrate buffer/G0 fermentation broth ratio at 0.34, pretreatment time at 100h and Tween-20 concentration at 1.73%. The reducing sugars released from Miscanthus pretreated by optimal parameters were 305mgg-1 dry biomass. The results suggested our bacterial pretreatment approaches have great potential to increase digestibility of bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Guo
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanwen Wu
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Chuntao Hong
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ningbo City, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Houming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuantong Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dean Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Characterization of ligninolytic enzyme production in white-rot wild fungal strains suitable for kraft pulp bleaching. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:319. [PMID: 28955616 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal strains identified by phylogenetic analysis of the ITS rDNA region as Trametes versicolor (CMU-TA01), Irpex lacteus (CMU-84/13), and Phlebiopsis sp. (CMU-47/13) are able to grow on and bleach kraft pulp (KP) in a simple solid-state fermentation (SSF) assay conducted in Petri dishes. Kappa number reductions obtained with Phlebiopsis sp. (48.3%), T. versicolor (43%), and I. lacteus (39.3%), evidence their capability for lignin breakdown. Scanning electron microscopy images of KP fibers from SSF assays demonstrated increased roughness and striation, evidencing significant cell wall modification. T. versicolor produces laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP) in potato dextrose broth (PDB), PDB + CuSO4, and PDB + KP, whereas Phlebiopsis sp. and I. lacteus showed no Lac and low LiP activities in all media. Compared to PDB, the highest increase in Lac (7.25-fold) and MnP (2.37-fold) activities in PDB + CuSO4 occur in T. versicolor; for LiP, the greatest changes (6.95-fold) were observed in I. lacteus. Incubation in PDB + KP shows significant increases in Lac and MnP for T. versicolor, MnP and LiP for Phlebiopsis sp., and none for I. lacteus. SSF assays in Petri plates are a valuable tool to select fungi that are able to delignify KP. Here, delignification by Phlebiopsis sp. of this substrate is reported for the first time, and MnP activity was strongly associated with the delignification ability of the studied strains. The obtained results suggest that the studied fungal strains have biotechnological potential for use in the paper industry.
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