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Devrajani SK, Ahmed Z, Qambrani NA, Kanwal S, Sundaram UM, Mubarak NM. Mechanism of arsenic removal using brown seaweed derived impregnated with iron oxide biochar for batch and column studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18102. [PMID: 39103501 PMCID: PMC11300829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Water contaminated with arsenic presents serious health risks, necessitating effective and sustainable removal methods. This article proposes a method for removing arsenic from water by impregnating biochar with iron oxide (Fe2O3) from brown seaweed (Sargassum polycystum). After the seaweed biomass was pyrolyzed at 400 °C, iron oxide was added to the biochar to increase its adsorptive sites and surface functional groups, which allowed the binding of arsenic ions. Batch studies were conducted to maximize the effects of variables, including pH, contact time, arsenic concentration, and adsorbent dosage, on arsenic adsorption. The maximum arsenic adsorption efficiency of 96.7% was achieved under optimal conditions: pH 6, the adsorbent dosage of 100 mg, the initial arsenic concentration of 0.25 mg/L, and a contact time of 90 min. Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherms favored the adsorption process, while the kinetics adhered to a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the controlling step. Column studies revealed complete saturation after 200 min, and the adsorption behavior fits both the Adams-Bohart and Thomas models, demonstrating the potential for large-scale application. The primary mechanism underlying the interaction between iron-modified biochar and arsenic ions is surface complexation, enhanced by increased surface area and porosity. This study highlights the significant contribution of iron-modified biochar derived from macroalgae as an effective and sustainable solution for arsenic removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satesh Kumar Devrajani
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCAS-W), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan.
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCAS-W), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed Qambrani
- U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCAS-W), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan
| | - Sania Kanwal
- U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCAS-W), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan
| | - Uma Maheswari Sundaram
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
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Dranseike D, Cui Y, Ling AS, Donat F, Bernhard S, Bernero M, Areeckal A, Qin XH, Oakey JS, Dillenburger B, Studart AR, Tibbitt MW. Dual carbon sequestration with photosynthetic living materials. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.572991. [PMID: 38187760 PMCID: PMC10769394 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.572991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Natural ecosystems offer efficient pathways for carbon sequestration, serving as a resilient approach to remove CO2 from the atmosphere with minimal environmental impact. However, the control of living systems outside of their native environments is often challenging. Here, we engineered a photosynthetic living material for dual CO2 sequestration by immobilizing photosynthetic microorganisms within a printable polymeric network. The carbon concentrating mechanism of the cyanobacteria enabled accumulation of CO2 within the cell, resulting in biomass production. Additionally, the metabolic production of OH- ions in the surrounding medium created an environment for the formation of insoluble carbonates via microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). Digital design and fabrication of the living material ensured sufficient access to light and nutrient transport of the encapsulated cyanobacteria, which were essential for long-term viability (more than one year) as well as efficient photosynthesis and carbon sequestration. The photosynthetic living materials sequestered approximately 2.5 mg of CO2 per gram of hydrogel material over 30 days via dual carbon sequestration, with 2.2 ± 0.9 mg stored as insoluble carbonates. Over an extended incubation period of 400 days, the living materials sequestered 26 ± 7 mg of CO2 per gram of hydrogel material in the form of stable minerals. These findings highlight the potential of photosynthetic living materials for scalable carbon sequestration, carbon-neutral infrastructure, and green building materials. The simplicity of maintenance, coupled with its scalability nature, suggests broad applications of photosynthetic living materials as a complementary strategy to mitigate CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Dranseike
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Yifan Cui
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Andrea S. Ling
- Digital Building Technologies, Department of Architecture, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Felix Donat
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Stéphane Bernhard
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Margherita Bernero
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Akhil Areeckal
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Xiao-Hua Qin
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - John S. Oakey
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, US
| | | | - André R. Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH
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Kavitha S, Gondi R, Kannah RY, Kumar G, Rajesh Banu J. A review on current advances in the energy and cost effective pretreatments of algal biomass: Enhancement in liquefaction and biofuel recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128383. [PMID: 36427767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main downside of utilizing algal biomass for biofuel production is the rigid cell wall which confines the availability of soluble organics to hydrolytic microbes during biofuel conversion. This constraint reduces the biofuel production efficiency of algal biomass. On the other hand, presenting various pretreatment methods before biofuel production affords cell wall disintegration and enhancement in biofuel generation. The potential of pretreatment methods chiefly relies on the extent of biomass liquefaction, energy, and cost demand. In this review, different pretreatments employed to disintegrate algal biomass were conferred in depth with detailed information on their efficiency in enhancing liquefaction and biofuel yield for pilot-scale implementation. Based on this review, it has been concluded that combinative and phase-separated pretreatments provide virtual input in enhancing the biofuel generation based on liquefaction potential, energy, and cost. Future studies should focus on decrement in cost and energy requirement of pretreatment in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rashmi Gondi
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu - 610005, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, PO Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu - 610005, India.
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Amelioration of Biogas Production from Waste-Activated Sludge through Surfactant-Coupled Mechanical Disintegration. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study intended to improve the disintegration potential of paper mill sludge through alkyl polyglycoside-coupled disperser disintegration. The sludge biomass was fed to the disperser disintegration and a maximum solubilization of 6% was attained at the specific energy input of 4729.24 kJ/kg TS. Solubilization was further enhanced by coupling the optimum disperser condition with varying dosage of alkyl polyglycoside. The maximum solubilization of 11% and suspended solid (SS) reduction of 8.42% were achieved at the disperser rpm, time, and surfactant dosage of 12,000, 30 min, and 12 μL. The alkyl polyglycoside-coupled disperser disintegration showed a higher biogas production of 125.1 mL/gCOD, compared to the disperser-alone disintegration (70.1 mL/gCOD) and control (36.1 mL/gCOD).
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Olabi AG, Shehata N, Sayed ET, Rodriguez C, Anyanwu RC, Russell C, Abdelkareem MA. Role of microalgae in achieving sustainable development goals and circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158689. [PMID: 36108848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) set out 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. These goals highlight key objectives that must be addressed. Each target focuses on a unique perspective crucial to meeting these goals. Social, political, and economic issues are addressed to comprehensively review the main issues combating climate change and creating sustainable and environmentally friendly industries, jobs, and communities. Several mechanisms that involve judicious use of biological entities are among instruments that are being explored to achieve the targets of SDGs. Microalgae have an increasing interest in various sectors, including; renewable energy, food, environmental management, water purification, and the production of chemicals such as biofertilizers, cosmetics, and healthcare products. The significance of microalgae also arises from their tendency to consume CO2, which is the main greenhouse gas and the major contributor to the climate change. This work discusses the roles of microalgae in achieving the various SDGs. Moreover, this work elaborates on the contribution of microalgae to the circular economy. It was found that the microalgae contribute to all the 17th SDGs, where they directly contribute to 9th of the SDGs and indirectly contribute to the rest. The major contribution of the Microalgae is clear in SDG-6 "Clean water and sanitation", SDG-7 "Affordable and clean energy", and SDG-13 "Climate action". Furthermore, it was found that Microalgae have a significant contribution to the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Olabi
- Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Mechanical Engineering and Design, Aston University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Enas Taha Sayed
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt.
| | - Cristina Rodriguez
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Ruth Chinyere Anyanwu
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Callum Russell
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt.
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Zhang P, Zhu S, Xiong C, Yan B, Wang Z, Li K, Olivier I, Wang H. Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris-induced algal blooms: critical conditions and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78809-78820. [PMID: 35699884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms have posed great threats to livestocks and human health. Although flocculation is effective, its efficiency may hinder the direct application for algal blooms. In this study, critical (optimal) conditions and mechanisms for AlCl3, FeCl3, poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), chitosan, and polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC)-induced flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) were studied. Results identified the critical conditions which can cause flocculation efficiencies over 90% in 45 min for the five flocculants. Specifically, 4~10-mg/L doses of PDADMAC were proved to be appropriate for the treatment of C. vulgaris-induced algal blooms at pH 6.0~12.0. To probe the underlying mechanisms, functional groups involved in flocculation, zeta potential, and species distribution were analyzed during flocculation. FT-IR results indicated that N-H stretching in amine and C-H deformation in aliphatics were involved in algal flocculation with FeCl3, and C-H deformation played an important role with PDADMAC, PAC, and chitosan. For AlCl3, zeta potential and species distribution results suggested that charge neutralization and adsorption bridging were responsible for algal flocculation at pH 6~8. However, adsorption bridging and sweeping effects were the main mechanisms at pH >3 for FeCl3. The flocculation mechanisms for the rest of the three polymers were charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, and sweeping. Meanwhile, all the flocculation processes followed second-order kinetics. Strong linkages were found between the rate constant, fractal dimension, and flocculation efficiency (P < 0.05). The results of critical flocculation conditions and mechanisms indicated that PDADMAC was an excellent flocculant for C. vulgaris removing and recycling, especially in water bloom treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Sihan Zhu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bin Yan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404020, China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Kai Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Irumva Olivier
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Han Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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7
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Panigrahi S, Tiwari BR, Brar SK, Kumar Dubey B. Thermo-chemo-sonic pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste: Evaluating anaerobic biodegradability and environmental impacts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127675. [PMID: 35878767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, yard waste was pretreated by thermo-chemo-sonic pretreatment prior to anaerobic digestion to improve its anaerobic biodegradability. First, the pretreatment conditions were optimized using Box-Behnken design based response surface methodology for the maximum organic matter solubilisation. Then, the possible mechanism of delignification by thermo-chemo-sonic pretreatment was discussed. Moreover, the anaerobic digestion performance of untreated yard waste (UYW) and pretreated yard waste (PYW) was compared. The optimum pretreatment condition based on the increase in soluble COD and volatile solids (VS) was: 2997 kJ/kgTS ultrasonic energy, 74 °C, and 10.1 pH. The highest methane yield of 374 ± 28 mL/gVSadded for the PYW at the optimum condition was achieved, which was 37.5 % higher than the UYW (272 ± 16 mL/gVSadded). Finally, the environmental impacts associated with anaerobic digestion of both UYW and PYW were compared. The life cycle assessment confirmed a positive environmental impact of pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Panigrahi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Denmark
| | - Bikash R Tiwari
- Institut National de la recherche scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Université du Québec, Quebec City G1K9A9 Canada
| | - Satinder K Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
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Khan MU, Usman M, Ashraf MA, Dutta N, Luo G, Zhang S. A review of recent advancements in pretreatment techniques of lignocellulosic materials for biogas production: Opportunities and Limitations. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Kabir SB, Khalekuzzaman M, Hossain N, Jamal M, Alam MA, Abomohra AEF. Progress in biohythane production from microalgae-wastewater sludge co-digestion: An integrated biorefinery approach. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 57:107933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Luo J, Li Y, Li H, Li Y, Lin L, Li Y, Huang W, Cao J, Wu Y. Deciphering the key operational factors and microbial features associated with volatile fatty acids production during paper wastes and sewage sludge co-fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126318. [PMID: 34775055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work explored the feasibility of paper waste (PW)/sewage sludge (SS) co-fermentation for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production, and disclosed its correlation with the key operational parameters (i.e., pH and PW/SS ratio). The results indicated that the maximal VFAs was 251.55 mg COD/g TSS at optimal conditions, which was approximately 10-folds of sole SS fermentation. PW feeding contributed to the bioavailable substrates and C/N balance during co-fermentation process. The pH exhibited evident impacts on organics solubilization/hydrolysis, in which acidic pH was more beneficial for carbohydrates metabolism while alkaline pH was better for proteins. Under optimal operational conditions, the metabolic functions associated with VFAs production (i.e., substrate membrane transport, intracellular metabolism and VFAs biosynthesis) were up-regulated. Moreover, functional microorganisms (i.e., Saccharofermentans and Bacteroides) responsible for VFAs generation were enriched. This work provided an innovative approach to recovery valuable products from biowastes, and in-depth understandings of microbial features in PW/SS co-fermentation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Snehya AV, Sundaramahalingam MA, Rajeshbanu J, Anandan S, Sivashanmugam P. Studies on evaluation of surfactant coupled sonication pretreatment on Ulva fasciata (marine macroalgae) for enhanced biohydrogen production. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 81:105853. [PMID: 34861557 PMCID: PMC8640538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen production from marine macroalgal biomass by advanced pre-treatment strategies is considered a clean energy technology. The present study focuses on investigating the effects of sonication pre-treatment (SP) and saponin coupled sonic pre-treatment (SSP) on Ulva fasciata for enhancing the production of biohydrogen. The SP and SSP were optimized to improve the hydrolysis process during digestion. The optimized time and sonication power were found respectively as 30 min and 200 W. A high concentration of biopolymer release was noticed in SSP than SP at optimized conditions. The surfactant dosage in SSP was optimized at 0.0036 g/g TS. The effect of SSP process was assessed by estimation of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and SCOD (Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand) release. The study revealed that, at a specific energy of 36,000 KJ/Kg TS, the SCOD release was higher in SSP (1900 mg/L) than SP (1050 mg/L). The SSP process could improve the COD solubilization to 15 % more than the SP. Carbohydrate and protein release are also more in SSP than SP. The use of biosurfactants significantly reduced the energy utilization in the hydrolysis process. The SSP pre-treated Ulva fasciata biomass has yielded a higher biohydrogen of 91.7 mL/g COD which is higher compared to SP (40.5 mL/g COD) and Control (9 mL/g COD).
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Snehya
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M A Sundaramahalingam
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Rajeshbanu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Anandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - P Sivashanmugam
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
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12
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Enhancement of Biogas Production from Macroalgae Ulva latuca via Ozonation Pretreatment. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14061703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the dominant species of green algae growing along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt is Ulva lactuca. Pretreatment can have a major effect on biogas production because hydrolysis of the algae cell wall structure is a rate-limiting stage in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The use of ozone, a new pretreatment, to boost biogas production from the green algae Ulva lactuca was investigated in this study. Ozonation at various dosages was used in contrast to untreated biomass, and the effect on the performance of subsequent mesophilic AD using two separate inoculums (cow manure and activated sludge) was examined. The findings indicated that, in different studies, ozonation pretreatment showed a substantial increase in biogas yield relative to untreated algae. With an ozone dose of 249 mg O3 g–1 VS algal for Ulva lactuca, the highest biogas output (498.75 mL/g VS) was achieved using cow manure inoculum. The evaluation of FTIR, TGA, SEM, and XRD revealed the impact of O3 on the structure of the algal cell wall and integrity breakage, which was thus established as the main contributor to improving the biogas production.
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Salakkam A, Sittijunda S, Mamimin C, Phanduang O, Reungsang A. Valorization of microalgal biomass for biohydrogen generation: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124533. [PMID: 33348113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Third generation biomass, i.e. microalgae, has emerged as a promising alternative to first and second generation biomass for biohydrogen production. However, its utilization is still low at present, due to several reasons including the strong and rigidity of the microalgal cell wall that limit the hydrolysis efficiency during dark fermentation (DF) and photofermentation (PF) processes. To improve the utilization efficiency of microalgal biomass, it is crucial that important aspects related to the production of the biomass and the following processes are elaborated. Thus, this article provides detailed overview of algal strains, cultivation, and harvesting. It also presents recent research and detailed information on microalgal biomass pretreatment, and biohydrogen production through DF, PF, and co-digestion of microalgal biomass with organic materials. Furthermore, factors affecting fermentation processes performance and the use of molecular techniques in biohydrogen production are presented. This review also discusses challenges and future prospects towards biohydrogen production from microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apilak Salakkam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Sittijunda
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Mamimin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Orawan Phanduang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
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Llamas M, Magdalena JA, Greses S, Tomás-Pejó E, González-Fernández C. Insights on the microbial communities developed during the anaerobic fermentation of raw and pretreated microalgae biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127942. [PMID: 32835976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered building blocks for bioproducts in the so-called carboxylate platform. These compounds can be sustainably produced via anaerobic fermentation (AF) of organic substrates, such as microalgae. However, SCFAs bioconversion efficiency is hampered by the hard cell wall of some microalgae. In this study, one thermal and two enzymatic pretreatments (carbohydrases and proteases) were employed to enhance Chlorella vulgaris biomass solubilization prior to AF. Pretreated and non-pretreated microalgae were assessed in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for SCFAs production. Aiming to understand microorganisms' roles in AF depending on the employed substrate, not only bioconversion yields into SCFAs were evaluated but microbial communities were thoroughly characterized. Proteins were responsible for the inherent limitation of raw biomass conversion into SCFAs. Indeed, the proteolytic pretreatment resulted in the highest bioconversion (33.4% SCFAs-COD/CODin), displaying a 4-fold enhancement compared with raw biomass. Population dynamics revealed a microbial biodiversity loss along the AF regardless of the applied pretreatment, evidencing that the imposed operational conditions specialized the microbial community. In fact, a reduced abundance in Euryarchaeota phylum explained the low methanogenic activity, implying SCFAs accumulation. The bacterial community developed in the reactors fed with pretreated microalgae exhibited high acidogenic activities, being dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Firmicutes was by far the dominant phylum when using protease (65% relative abundance) while Bacteroidetes was prevailing in the reactor fed with carbohydrase-pretreated microalgae biomass (40% relative abundance). This fact indicated that the applied pretreatment and macromolecule solubilization have a strong effect on microbial distribution and therefore in SCFAs bioconversion yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Llamas
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3,28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Magdalena
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3,28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Greses
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3,28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3,28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Liao JJ, Latif NHA, Trache D, Brosse N, Hussin MH. Current advancement on the isolation, characterization and application of lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:985-1024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Niu C, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Tan Y, Lu X, Zhen G. Does the combined free nitrous acid and electrochemical pretreatment increase methane productivity by provoking sludge solubilization and hydrolysis? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:123006. [PMID: 32078903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid based pretreatments are novel and effective chemical strategies for enhancing waste activated sludge solubilization. In this study, the synergetic effects of the combined free nitrous acid and electrochemical pretreatment on sludge solubilization and subsequent methane productivity were evaluated. The results indicated that pretreatment with 10 V plus 14.17 mg N/L substantially enhanced sludge solubilization, with the highest soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration of 3296.7 mg/L, 25.6-time higher than that without pretreatment (128.9 mg/L). Due to the potential toxicity of NO2- and NO3- to microorganisms and its bioprocesses, the methane production of sludge pretreated by free nitrous acid was significantly deteriorated. The maximum methane yield (152.0 ± 9.6 mL/g-VSadded) was observed at 10 V pretreatment alone, only 1.7% higher than that of the control (149.4 ± 1.6 mL/g-VSadded). Combined pretreatment indeed enhances the sludge solubilization and hydrolysis, but does not always induce an improved anaerobic digestion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Niu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yang Pan
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yujie Tan
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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18
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Panigrahi S, Dubey BK. Electrochemical pretreatment of yard waste to improve biogas production: Understanding the mechanism of delignification, and energy balance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121958. [PMID: 31408777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, electrochemical pretreatment with a pair of graphite electrode was conducted to pretreat yard waste prior to anaerobic digestion. The Response Surface Methodology was employed to optimize the pretreatment conditions. To determine the mechanism of delignification physical and chemical properties of untreated and pretreated yard waste were investigated. In the subsequent anaerobic digestion of pretreated yard waste, the ultimate biogas production of 446 mL/g VS was achieved in comparison to the untreated yard waste of 287 mL/g VS on 35th day of anaerobic digestion. A net energy gain of 4.75 kJ/g VS (Output energy of 5.73 kJ/g VS - Input energy of 0.98 kJ/g VS) and net profit of 518 rupees (US$ 7.4) per 1 ton of yard waste indicates the applicability of electrochemical pretreatment for pilot scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Panigrahi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
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Wang H, Pu Y, Ragauskas A, Yang B. From lignin to valuable products-strategies, challenges, and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:449-461. [PMID: 30266464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of effective approaches for the valorization of lignin to valuable products attracts broad interests of a growing scientific community. By fully unlocking the potential of the world's most abundant resource of bio-aromatics, it could improve the profitability and carbon efficiency of the entire biorefinery process, thus accelerate the replacement of fossil resources with bioresources in our society. The successful realization of this goal depends on the development of technologies to overcome the following challenges, including: 1) efficient biomass pretreatment and lignin separation technologies that overcomes its diverse structure and complex chemistry challenges to obtain high purity lignin; 2) advanced chemical analysis for precise quantitative characterization of the lignin in chemical transformation processes; 3) novel approaches for conversion of biomass-derived lignin to valuable products. This review summarizes the latest cutting-edge innovations of lignin chemical valorization with the focus on the aforementioned three key aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Center of Biomass Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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20
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Shanthi M, Rajesh Banu J, Sivashanmugam P. Effect of surfactant assisted sonic pretreatment on liquefaction of fruits and vegetable residue: Characterization, acidogenesis, biomethane yield and energy ratio. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:35-41. [PMID: 29783129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the disintegration potential of fruits and vegetable residue through sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) assisted sonic pretreatment (SSP). In SSP method, initially the biomass barrier (lignin) was removed using SDS at different dosage, subsequently it was sonically disintegrated. The effect of SSP were assessed based on dissolved organic release (DOR) of fruits and vegetable waste and specific energy input. SSP method achieved higher DOR rate and suspended solids reduction (26% and 16%) at optimum SDS dosage of 0.035 g/g SS with least specific energy input of 5400 kJ/kg TS compared to ultrasonic pretreatment (UP) (16% and 10%). The impact of fermentation and biomethane potential assay revealed highest production of volatile fatty acid and methane yield in SSP (1950 mg/L, 0.6 g/g COD) than UP. The energy ratio obtained was 0.9 for SSP, indicating proposed method is energetically efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shanthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre for Anna University, Tirunelveli 627 007, India
| | - P Sivashanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India.
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Kumar G, Nguyen DD, Sivagurunathan P, Kobayashi T, Xu K, Chang SW. Cultivation of microalgal biomass using swine manure for biohydrogen production: Impact of dilution ratio and pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:16-22. [PMID: 29604564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of swine manure (SM) dilution ratio on the microalgal biomass cultivation and further tested for biohydrogen production efficiency from the mixed microalgal biomass. At first, various solid/liquid (S/L) ratio of the SM ranged from 2.5 to 10 g/L was prepared as a nutrient medium for the algal biomass cultivation without addition of the external nutrient sources over a period of 18 d. The peak biomass concentration of 2.57 ± 0.03 g/L was obtained under the initial S/L loading rates of 5 g/L. Further, the cultivated biomass was subjected to two-step (ultrasonication + enzymatic) pretreatment and evaluated for biohydrogen production potential. Results showed that the variable amount of hydrogen production was observed with different S/L ratio of the SM. The peak hydrogen yield of 116 ± 6 mL/g TSadded was observed at the 5 g/L grown SM mixed algal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 94 San, Iui-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Periyasamy Sivagurunathan
- Green Energy Technology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Center for Materials Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kaiqin Xu
- Center for Materials Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 94 San, Iui-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
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Kumar MD, Tamilarasan K, Kaliappan S, Banu JR, Rajkumar M, Kim SH. Surfactant assisted disperser pretreatment on the liquefaction of Ulva reticulata and evaluation of biodegradability for energy efficient biofuel production through nonlinear regression modelling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 255:116-122. [PMID: 29414156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to increase the disintegration potential of marine macroalgae, (Ulva reticulata) through chemo mechanical pretreatment (CMP) in an energy efficient manner. By combining surfactant with disperser, the specific energy input was considerably reduced from 437.1 kJ/kg TS to 264.9 kJ/kg TS to achieve 10.7% liquefaction. A disperser rpm (10,000), pretreatment time (30 min) and tween 80 dosage (21.6 mg/L) were considered as an optimum for effective liquefaction of algal biomass. CMP was designated as an appropriate pretreatment resulting in a higher soluble organic release 1250 mg/L, respectively. Anaerobic fermentation results revealed that the volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was doubled (782 mg/L) in CMP when compared to mechanical pretreatment (MP) (345 mg/L). CMP pretreated algal biomass was considered as the suitable for biohydrogen production with highest H2 yield of about 63 mL H2/g COD than (MP) (45 mL H2/g COD) and control (10 mL H2/g COD).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - K Tamilarasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kaliappan
- Institute of Remote Sensing, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional campus, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - M Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sang Hyoun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Zhang W, Song R, Cao B, Yang X, Wang D, Fu X, Song Y. Variations of floc morphology and extracellular organic matters (EOM) in relation to floc filterability under algae flocculation harvesting using polymeric titanium coagulants (PTCs). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:350-357. [PMID: 29471230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The work evaluated the algae cells removal efficiency using titanium salt coagulants with different degree of polymerization (PTCs), and the algae cells aggregates and extracellular organic matter (EOM) under chemical flocculation were investigated. The results indicated that PTCs performed well in algae cells flocculation and separation. The main mechanism using PTCs of low alkalisation degree for algae flocculation was associated with charge neutralization, while adsorption bridging and sweep flocculation was mainly responsible for algae removal by PTCs of high alkalisation degree treatment. In addition, the flocs formed by PTC1.0 showed the best filtration property, and EOM reached the minimum at this time, indicating the flocs formed by PTC1.0 were more compact than other PTCs, which can be confirmed by SEM analysis. Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence (3D-EEM) and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) revealed that the EOMs were removed under PTCs flocculation, which improved floc filterability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Rongna Song
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Bingdi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Systematic Water Pollution Control, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xingmin Fu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Wastewater Resuse, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yao Song
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd, Beijing 100124, China
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Anjum M, Kumar R, Barakat MA. Synthesis of Cr 2O 3/C 3N 4 composite for enhancement of visible light photocatalysis and anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 212:65-76. [PMID: 29428655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Visible light photocatalysts of Cr2O3/C3N4 composites (with different melamine concentrations) were prepared by high temperature calcination method. The composites samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible spectroscopy and particle size analysis, which clearly indicated the coexistence of both Cr2O3 and C3N4 in the composites. The Cr2O3/C3N4 catalysts were tested for photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol in wastewater and solubilization of sludge in anaerobic digestion process to enhance biomethane production. The co-catalytic performance of Cr2O3, with 6% of melamine (precursor of C3N4), improved the photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol (k = 0.0156 min-1) under visible light, where up to 94% removal was achieved at optimum pH 5.0, pollutant concentration of 60 mg/L, and time duration of 180 min. On another hand, application of Cr2O3/C3N4 for photocatalytic pretreatment of sludge released the soluble substances in solution in which sCOD was increased from 431 mg/L to 3666 mg/L after 6 h and VS content decrease by only 9.1%, which indicated that the short time pretreatment could avoid the further mineralization of organic to complete degradation. Thereafter, anaerobic digestion of solubilized sludge was achieved after 30 days with production of 634 ml kg-1VS of methane and 46% of organic matter removal efficiency (OMRE), compared with 472 ml kg-1VS and 402 ml kg-1VS of methane, 35 and 31% of OMRE respectively in photolytic and raw sludge (control) reactors. These results can provide a useful base and reference for the multi applications of visible light Cr2O3/C3N4 photocatalyst in enhancement of degradation of toxic pollutant in wastewater and sludge stabilization with bioenergy production in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Anjum
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Barakat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Central Metallurgical R & D Institute, Helwan 11421, Cairo, Egypt.
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