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Mansour MSM, Abdel-Shafy HI, Ibrahim AM. Petroleum wastewater: Environmental protection, treatment, and safe reuse: An overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119827. [PMID: 38113788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Oil petroleum production consumes about 1.0-7.2 bbl. The needed water for such production ranges between 0.47 and 7.2 L water to 1.0 L crude. Between 80 and 90% of the consumed water is disposed of as wasted effluents. Consequently, there is an important connection between petroleum production and the contamination of the environment and surface water in addition to their ecotoxicological effects. The objective of the present review is to through light on the hazardous impact of petroleum wastewater on the environment and water ways. The present study presents several wastewater treatment technologies in handling the petroleum produced water (PPW) and reducing the hazardous impact to the environment. Safe reuse is also presented including simple, advanced, and environmentally friendly techniques. The reported treatment technologies are divided into five main categories: membrane technologies, biological treatment processes, electro-chemical coagulation, physical/chemical treatment processes (dissolved air flotation (DAF)/air flotation (IAF), adsorption, and chemical flocculation), and catalytic oxidation including chemicals such as advanced and Fenton oxidation processes (AOPs). The analysis and observation of each treatment process are also presented. Implementing of these processes in sequential and/or in combined to avoid the drawbacks of any poor treatment are discussed. The present review discusses; also, in detail each of these treatment technologies and their efficiency including the observation and conclusions of each one. The study shows; also; how the final treated effluent can be reused for non-potable purposes as an additional water resource according to the degree of decontamination. An additional advantage of treatment is protection of both the environment and the water ways by avoiding any discharge of such hazardous wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S M Mansour
- Analysis & Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein I Abdel-Shafy
- Water Pollution Research and Control Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M Ibrahim
- The British University in Egypt, Department of Civil Engineering, El-Shorouk, Egypt.
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2
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Hamouda RA, Alhumairi AM, Saddiq AA. Simultaneous bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and production of biofuels by the micro-green alga, cyanobacteria, and its consortium. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16656. [PMID: 37332941 PMCID: PMC10272320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two major problems in the world, fuel deficiency and environmental pollution by fossil fuels. Microalgae are regarded as one of the most feasible feedstocks for the manufacturing of biofuels and are used in the degradation of fossil fuel spills. The present study was possessed to investigate the ability of green alga Chlorella vulgaris, blue-green alga Synechococcus sp, and its consortium to grow and degrade hydrocarbon such as kerosene (k) with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 1,5%), and also using algal biomasses to produce biofuel. The algal growth was estimated by optical density (O.D) at 600 nm, pigment contents such as Chlorophyll a,b carotenoid, and dry weight. The kerosene degradation was estimated by FT-IR analysis after and before the cultivation of algae and its consortium. The components of the methanol extract were determined by GC-MS spectroscopy. The results denote the best growth was determined by O.D, algae consortium with 1.5% Kerosene after ten days, meanwhile, the highest dry weight was with C. vulgaris after ten days of cultivation. The FT-IR demonstrated the algae and consortium possessed high efficacy to degrade kerosene. After 15 days of algae cultivation with 1% K, C.vulgaris produced the maximum amount of lipids (32%). The GC-MS profile of methanol extract of two algae and consortium demonstrated that Undecane was presented in high amounts, C.vulgaris (19.9%), Synechococcussp (82.16%), algae consortium (79.51%), and also were presented moderate amounts of fatty acid methyl ester in Synechococcus sp. Overall, our results indicate that a consortium of algae can absorb and remove kerosene from water, and at the same time produce biofuels like biodiesel and petroleum-based fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A. Hamouda
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Abrar M. Alhumairi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna A. Saddiq
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Sivagami K, Sharma P, Karim AV, Mohanakrishna G, Karthika S, Divyapriya G, Saravanathamizhan R, Kumar AN. Electrochemical-based approaches for the treatment of forever chemicals: Removal of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160440. [PMID: 36436638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical based approaches for the treatment of recalcitrant water borne pollutants are known to exhibit superior function in terms of efficiency and rate of treatment. Considering the stability of Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are designated as forever chemicals, which generating from various industrial activities. PFAS are contaminating the environment in small concentrations, yet exhibit severe environmental and health impacts. Electro-oxidation (EO) is a recent development that treats PFAS, in which different reactive species generates at anode due to oxidative reaction and reductive reactions at the cathode. Compared to water and wastewater treatment methods those being implemented, electrochemical approaches demonstrate superior function against PFAS. EO completely mineralizes (almost 100 %) non-biodegradable organic matter and eliminate some of the inorganic species, which proven as a robust and versatile technology. Electrode materials, electrolyte concentration pH and the current density applying for electrochemical processes determine the treatment efficiency. EO along with electrocoagulation (EC) treats PFAS along with other pollutants from variety of industries showed highest degradation of 7.69 mmol/g of PFAS. Integrated approach with other processes was found to exhibit improved efficiency in treating PFAS using several electrodes boron-doped diamond (BDD), zinc, titanium and lead based with efficiency the range of 64 to 97 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivagami
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
| | - Pranshu Sharma
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ansaf V Karim
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubli 580031, India.
| | - S Karthika
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - G Divyapriya
- Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholar, Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Saravanathamizhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. College of Technology, Anna University, India
| | - A Naresh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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4
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He Y, Zhou Q, Mo F, Li T, Liu J. Bioelectrochemical degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: A critical review and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119344. [PMID: 35483484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As typical pollutants, petroleum hydrocarbons that are widely present in various environmental media such as soil, water, sediments, and air, seriously endanger living organisms and human health. In the meantime, as a green environmental technology that integrates pollutant removal and resource recovery, bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been extensively applied to the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from the environment. This review introduces working principles of BESs, following which it discusses the different reactor structures, application progresses, and key optimization factors when treating water, sewage sludges, sediments, and soil. Furthermore, bibliometrics was first used in this field to analyze the evolution of knowledge structure and forecast future hot topics. The research focus has shifted from the early generation of bioelectric energy to exploring mechanisms of soil remediation and microbial metabolisms, which will be closely integrated in the future. Finally, the future prospects of this field are proposed. This review focuses on the research status of bioelectrochemical degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and provides a scientific reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fan Mo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Tian Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianv Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Dabrowska M, Debiec-Andrzejewska K, Andrunik M, Bajda T, Drewniak L. The biotransformation of arsenic by spent mushroom compost - An effective bioremediation agent. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112054. [PMID: 33601170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is a lignocellulose-rich waste material commonly used in the passive treatment of heavy metal-contaminated environments. In this study, we investigated the bioremediation potential of SMC against an inorganic form of arsenic, examining the individual abiotic and biotic transformations carried out by SMC. We demonstrated, that key SMC physiological groups of bacteria (denitrifying, cellulolytic, sulfate-reducing, and heterotrophic) are resistant to arsenites and arsenates, while the microbial community in SMC is also able to oxidize As(III) and reduce As(V) in respiratory metabolisms, although the SMC did not contain any As. We showed, that cooperation between arsenate and sulfate-reducing bacteria led to the precipitation of AsxSy. We also found evidence of the significant role organic acids may play in arsenic complexation, and we demonstrated the occurrence of As-binding proteins in the SMC. Furthermore, we confirmed, that biofilm produced by the microbial community in SMC was able to trap As(V) ions. We postulated, that the above-mentioned transformations are responsible for the sorption efficiency of As(V) (up to 25%) and As(III) (up to 16%), as well as the excellent buffering properties of SMC observed in the sorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dabrowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Debiec-Andrzejewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Andrunik
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Bajda
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Drewniak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Mohanakrishna G, Al-Raoush RI, Abu-Reesh IM. Sewage enhanced bioelectrochemical degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil environment through bioelectro-stimulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00478. [PMID: 32518761 PMCID: PMC7270540 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acetate and sewage were evaluated for enhanced hydrocarbons degradation in soil bioelectrochemical systems. Sewage has superior function in improving in situ bioelectrochemical degradation. Both acetate and sewage improved power density, substrate and sulfate removal. Soil contaminated with produced water was remediated by more than 70 %.
The impact of readily biodegradable substrates (sewage and acetate) in bioelectroremediation of hydrocarbons (PW) was evaluated in a bench-scale soil-based hybrid bioelectrochemical system. Addition of bioelectro-stimulants evidenced efficient degradation than control operation. Acetate and sewage were exhibited power density of 1126 mW/m2 and 1145 mW/m2, respectively, which is almost 15 % higher than control (without stimulant, 974 mW/m2). Increased electrochemical activity was correlated well with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) degradation through addition of acetate (TPHR, 525 mg/L, 67.4 %) and sewage (TPHR, 560 mg/L,71.8 %) compared to the control operation (TPHR, 503 mg/L, 64.5 %). Similarly, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was also enhanced from 69.0 % (control) to 72.1 % and 74.6 % with acetate and sewage, respectively. Sewage and acetate also showed a positive role in sulfates removal, which enhanced from 56.0 % (control) to 62.9 % (acetate) and 72.6 % (sewage). This study signifies the superior function of sewage as biostimulant compared to acetate for the bioelectroremediation of hydrocarbons in contaminated soils.
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Key Words
- Applied potential
- BES, Bioelectrochemical system
- BET, Bioelectrochemical treatment
- COD, Chemical oxygen demand
- DROs, Diesel range organics
- EAB, Electroactive anodic biofilms
- In situ bioelectroremediation
- MFC, Microbial fuel cell
- PRW, Petroleum refinery wastewater
- PW, Produced water
- Petroleum hydrocarbons
- Produced water
- SRB, Sulfate reducing bacteria
- Sewage supplementation
- TDS, Total dissolved solids
- TPH, Total petroleum hydrocarbons
- TPHR, Total petroleum hydrocarbons removal
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Riyadh I Al-Raoush
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Kondaveeti S, Mohanakrishna G, Kumar A, Lai C, Lee JK, Kalia VC. Exploitation of Citrus Peel Extract as a Feedstock for Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:476-481. [PMID: 31762511 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are envisioned as an evolving cost-effective process for treating organic wastes to simultaneously generate bioelectricity. Therefore, in present study a single chambered mediator- less air cathode MFC was operated for bioelectricity generation using citrus waste (CW) as a feedstock. The MFC was operated at four organic loading conditions (OLs; 3, 6, 9 and 12 kg/m3). The voltage generation and organic content reduction demonstrated the possibility of utilizing CW as a substrate in MFC. The polarization analysis revealed a high-power generation of 71.1 mW/m2 with low OL of 3 kg/m3. The decrease in pH and high volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generation was noted at high OL. Our current findings suggest better performance of MFC, in terms of energy generation and organic reduction at high OL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanath Kondaveeti
- 1Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- 2Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anurag Kumar
- 1Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Chunfen Lai
- 1Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- 1Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Vipin C Kalia
- 1Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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8
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Mohanakrishna G, Al-Raoush RI, Abu-Reesh IM, Aljaml K. Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons and sulfates from produced water using different bioelectrochemical reactor configurations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:820-827. [PMID: 30790754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is a wastewater generated in large quantities from the extraction of oil and gas. PW found to have high amounts of dissolved solids (TDS) and residual petroleum hydrocarbons causing considerable damage to the environment. PW also contains sulfates in significant amounts, due to which treating this wastewater is essential prior to discharge. The present study was aimed for bioelectrochemical treatment of PW and simultaneous bioelectrogenesis in the two most studied configurations viz., single and dual chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The study evidenced treatment of recalcitrant pollutants of PW. Both MFCs were operated by keeping similar operating conditions such as anode chamber volume, hydraulic retention time (HRT) for batch mode of operation, electrode materials, inlet characteristics of PW and ambient temperature. Among both configurations, dual chamber MFC showed higher efficiency with respect to bioelectrogenesis (single chamber - 789 mW/m2; dual chamber - 1089 mW/m2), sulfates removal (single chamber - 79.6%; dual chamber - 93.9%), total petroleum hydrocarbons removal (TPH, single chamber - 47.6%; dual chamber - 53.1%) and chemical oxygen demand degradation (COD, single chamber - 0.30 kg COD/m3-day (COD removal efficiency, 54.7%); dual chamber - 0.33 kg COD/m3-day (COD removal efficiency, 60.2%)). Evaluated polarization behavior of both MFCs were also evidenced the effective response of the electroactive anodic biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Riyadh I Al-Raoush
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Aljaml
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P O Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Sivasankar P, Poongodi S, Seedevi P, Sivakumar M, Murugan T, Loganathan S. Bioremediation of wastewater through a quorum sensing triggered MFC: A sustainable measure for waste to energy concept. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:84-93. [PMID: 30780057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A mission for fast advancement has constrained us to unpredictably tap various natural assets. The reckless utilisation of fossil fuels led unmanageable wastes which have greatly affected our health and environment. Endeavours to address these difficulties have conveyed to the frontal area certain creative natural solutions particularly the utilisation of microbial digestion systems. In the previous two decades, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) innovation has caught the consideration of the researchers. The MFCs is a kind of bio-electrochemical framework with novel highlights, for example, power production, wastewater treatment, and biosensor applications. Lately, dynamic patterns in MFC inquire about on its synthetic, electrochemical, and microbiological perspectives have brought about its observable applications. The MFCs have begun as a logical interest, and in numerous regards, these remaining parts to be the situation. This is especially a result of the multidimensional uses of this eco-accommodating innovation. The innovation relies upon the electroactive microorganisms, prominently known as exoelectrogens. In the first place, it is the main innovation that can create energy out of waste, without the contribution of outer/extra energy. Modification of electrodes with nanomaterials, for example, gold nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles or pretreatment techniques, for example, sonication and autoclave disinfection have indicated promising outcomes in improving MFC execution for power generation and wastewater treatment. The MFC innovation has been likewise explored for the remediation of different heavy metals and hazardous components, and to recognize the poisonous components in wastewater. What's more, the MFCs can be adjusted into microbial electrolysis cells to produce hydrogen energy from different natural sources. This article gives a thorough and cutting-edge appraisal of the novel magnitudes of the MFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Sivasankar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Center for New and Renewable Energy Studies (CNRES), Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniam Poongodi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Center for New and Renewable Energy Studies (CNRES), Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Sivakumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Center for New and Renewable Energy Studies (CNRES), Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilselvi Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641018, India
| | - Sivakumar Loganathan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Center for New and Renewable Energy Studies (CNRES), Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mohanakrishna G, Al-Raoush RI, Abu-Reesh IM, Pant D. A microbial fuel cell configured for the remediation of recalcitrant pollutants in soil environment. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41409-41418. [PMID: 35541583 PMCID: PMC9076477 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06957g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A pristine soil environment supports a healthy soil biodiversity, which is often polluted with recalcitrant compounds. The bioelectrochemical remediation of the contaminated soils using bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is gaining significant attention with respect to the restoration of the soil ecosystem. In this direction, a microbial fuel cell (MFC, an application of BES), was employed for the treatment of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in a soil microenvironment at three ranges of pollution (loading conditions – 320, 590 and 840 mg TPH per L). TPHs degraded effectively in the soil-electrode vicinity in the range of 158 mg TPHR per L (320 mg TPH per L) and 356 mg TPHR per L (840 mg TPH per L). The study also demosntrated a maximum bioelectrogenesis of 286.7 mW m−2 (448 mV at 100 Ω) at the highest TPH loading concentration studied (840 mg TPH per L). The conditions prevailing in the soil MFC also facilitated the removal of sulfates (114 mg SO42− per L; 62.64%) and the removal of total dissolved solids (910 mg TDS per L, 12.08%) at an 840 mg TPH per L loading condition. The pH of the outlet wastewater prevailing in the mild alkaline range of 7.6 and 8.4, along with improved sulfate and TPH removal in the respective conditions suggested suitable conditions for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). This study also signified the sustainability of the process for the effective treatment of hydrocarbon contaminated soil that also generates green energy. Bioelectroremediation of petroleum-based hydrocarbons contaminated soil was successfully performed through microbial fuel cells (MFCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Riyadh I. Al-Raoush
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Ibrahim M. Abu-Reesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technologies
- VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research
- 2400 Mol
- Belgium
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