1
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Li X, Zhu Q, Pang K, Lang Z. Effective removal of Rhodamine B using the hydrothermal carbonization and citric acid modification of furfural industrial processing waste. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3303-3314. [PMID: 37194688 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2215451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the removal of RhB from water by furfural residue (FR) biochar was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and citric acid (CA) modification and named this biochar as CHFR (C refers to citric acid, H refers to hydrothermal carbonization and FR is furfural residue). The CHFR were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XPS, and CHFR was investigated by the effects of initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time on the removal of RhB, and the experimental data were analyzed using the adsorption isotherm models, the adsorption kinetic models and thermodynamics, et al. The results showed that CHFR has strong adsorption performance, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of RhB was 39.46 mg·g-1 under the reaction conditions of pH3, the dosage of 1.5 g·L-1, and 120 min contact time, with a removal efficiency close to 100%. the adsorption of RhB by CHFR is spontaneous and endothermic, which is consistent with the Freundlich adsorption, and the isotherm model fits well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption rate could still be as high as 92.74% after five regenerations, therefore, CHFR is an environmentally friendly and efficient adsorbent with excellent adsorption regeneration performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials, Resource and Environment Major, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials, Resource and Environment Major, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials, Resource and Environment Major, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials, Resource and Environment Major, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wang R, Zheng X, Feng Z, Feng Y, Ying Z, Wang B, Dou B. Hydrothermal carbonization of Chinese medicine residues: Formation of humic acids and combustion performance of extracted hydrochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171792. [PMID: 38508251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Aiming at the sustainable management of high-moisture Chinese medicine residues (CMR), an alternative way integrating hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), humic acids (HAs) extraction and combustion of remained hydrochar has been proposed in this study. Effect of HTC temperature, HTC duration, and feedwater pH on the mass yield and properties of HAs was examined. The associated formation mechanism of HAs during HTC was proposed. The combustion performance of remained hydrochar after HAs extraction was evaluated. Results show that the positive correlation between hydrochar yield and HAs yield is observed. According to three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D EEM) fluorescence intensity, the best quality of HAs is achieved with a yield of 8.17 % at feedwater pH of 13 and HTC temperature of 200 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show abundant aromatic and aliphatic structure as well as oxygenated functional groups in HAs, which is like commercial HAs (HA-C). Besides, in terms of comprehensive combustion index (CCI), HTC can improve the combustion performance of CMR, while it becomes a bit worse after HAs extraction. Higher weighted mean apparent activation energy (Em) of hydrochar indicating its highly thermal stability. HAs extraction reduces Em and CCI of remained hydrochar. However, it can be regarded a potential renewable energy. This work confirms a more sustainable alternative way for CMR comprehensive utilization in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Zhenyang Feng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Yuheng Feng
- Thermal and Environment Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhi Ying
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Binlin Dou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
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3
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Lee KT, Shih YT, Rajendran S, Park YK, Chen WH. Spent coffee ground torrefaction for waste remediation and valorization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121330. [PMID: 36841419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a noticeable waste that may cause environmental pollution problems if not treated appropriately. Torrefaction is a promising low-temperature carbonization technique to achieve waste remediation, recovery, and circular bioeconomy efficiently. This study aims to maximize lipids retained in thermally degraded SCGs, thereby upgrading their fuel quality to implement resource sustainability and availability. This work also analyzes the lipid contribution to biochar's calorific value under various carbonization temperatures and times. Torrefaction can retain 11-15 wt% lipids from SCG, but the lipid content decreases when the pyrolysis temperature is higher than 300 °C. Extracted lipid content consisting of fatty acids echoed the results of diesel adsorption capacity. The lipid content in the biochar from SCG torrefied at 300 °C for 30 min is 11.00 wt%, and its HHV is 28.16 MJ kg-1. In this biochar, lipids contribute about 14.84% of the calorific value, and the other carbonized solid contributes 85.16%. On account of the higher lipid content in the biochar, it has the highest diesel adsorption amount per unit mass, with a value of 1.66 g g-1. This value accounts for a 22.1% improvement compared to its untorrefied SCG. Accordingly, torrefaction can sufficiently remediate SCG-derived environmental pollution. The produced biochar can become a spilled oil adsorbent. Furthermore, oil-adsorbed biochar (oilchar) is a potential solid fuel. In summary, SCG torrefaction can simultaneously achieve pollution remediation, waste valorization, resource sustainability, and circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Lee
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tse Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
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4
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Madusari S, Jamari SS, Nordin NIAA, Bindar Y, Prakoso T, Restiawaty E, Steven S. Hybrid Hydrothermal Carbonization and Ultrasound Technology on Oil Palm Biomass for Hydrochar Production. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Madusari
- University Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Pekan Malaysia
- Politeknik Kelapa Sawit Citra Widya Edukasi Production Technology of Plantation Crop Program Jl. Gapura No. 8 17520 Bekasi Indonesia
| | - Saidatul Shima Jamari
- University Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Pekan Malaysia
| | - Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad Nordin
- University Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob 26300 Pekan Malaysia
| | - Yazid Bindar
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Chemical Engineering Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Bioenergy and Chemurgy Engineering Kampus Jatinangor 45363 Sumedang West Java Indonesia
| | - Tirto Prakoso
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Chemical Engineering Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Bioenergy and Chemurgy Engineering Kampus Jatinangor 45363 Sumedang West Java Indonesia
| | - Elvi Restiawaty
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Chemical Engineering Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Bioenergy and Chemurgy Engineering Kampus Jatinangor 45363 Sumedang West Java Indonesia
| | - Soen Steven
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Chemical Engineering Jl. Ganesha No. 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
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5
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Benedetti V, Pecchi M, Baratieri M. Combustion kinetics of hydrochar from cow-manure digestate via thermogravimetric analysis and peak deconvolution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 353:127142. [PMID: 35413420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) can convert wet biomass into hydrochar (HC), a solid carbonaceous material exploitable as fuel. In this study, HTC was applied to anaerobic digestate from cow manure. HCs obtained at three HTC temperatures (180, 220, 250 °C) were characterized in detail and their combustion behavior was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with peak deconvolution. Increasing HTC temperatures increased the fixed carbon content (17.9-20.7%), the ash content (27.2-32.5%) and the calorific value (14.3-18.2 MJ/kg), while decreased the hydrogen (5.01-4.54%) and oxygen content (24.09-12.35%) of HCs. DTG profiles peak deconvolution unveils the presence of five major components in the HCs. HCs combustion kinetics were studied applying the KAS method. Average apparent activation energy values of 100, 88, 67 kJ mol-1 were obtained for HC180, HC220, HC250, respectively. HTC at 250 °C produced the HC with the best fuel characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Benedetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Pecchi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy; Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Marco Baratieri
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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6
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Agarwal NK, Kumar M, Ghosh P, Kumar SS, Singh L, Vijay VK, Kumar V. Anaerobic digestion of sugarcane bagasse for biogas production and digestate valorization. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133893. [PMID: 35134407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is an abundantly available agricultural waste having high potential that is still underutilized and mostly burnt as fuel. There are various processes available for bagasse utilization in improved ways and one such process is anaerobic digestion (AD) of bagasse for biogas production. The complex structure of biomass is recalcitrant to degradation and is a major hindrance for the anaerobic digestion, so different pretreatment methods are applied to deconstruct the bagasse for microbial digestion. In this review, different processes developed for the pretreatment of bagasse and their effect on biogas production have been extensively covered. Moreover, combination of pretreatment methods, co-digestion of bagasse with other waste (nitrogen rich or easily digestible) for enhanced biogas production and biomethane generation along with other value-added products has also been reviewed. The digestate contains a significant amount of organics with partial recovery of energy and products and is generated in huge amount that further creates disposal problem. Therefore, integration of digestate valorization with AD through gasification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization and use of microalgae for maximum recovery of energy and value-added products have also been evaluated. Thus, this review highlights major emerging area of research for improvement in bagasse based processes for enhanced biogas production along with digestate valorization to make the overall process economical and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Agarwal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Madan Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Smita S Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, Haryana, 121006, India
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Vijay
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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7
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Numerical Simulation Study on the Effects of Co-Injection of Pulverized Coal and Hydrochar into the Blast Furnace. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To solve the energy crisis and slow down the greenhouse effect, it is urgent to find alternative energy sources for the iron and steel production process. Hydrochar is an auxiliary fuel and the only renewable carbon source that could reduce the injection of bituminous coal into the blast furnace. Numerical simulation is an effective method of understanding the combustion performance in the lower part of the blast furnace. A 3D blowpipe-tuyere-raceway model was established using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to study the effects on combustion performance between pulverized coal and hydrochar. The results showed that co-injection of anthracite and hydrochar has a better combustion performance than co-injection of anthracite and bituminous coal, with a more appropriate distribution of temperature, velocity, and gas phase. With the co-injection of hydrochar, the total burnout rate and anthracite burnout rate increased, respectively, by 6% and 2.1%, which is caused by the interaction mechanism between anthracite and hydrochar. As a result, hydrochar as an auxiliary fuel for blast furnace injection not only can achieve low-carbon production and cut down carbon emission but also benefit the combustion process of anthracite coal.
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8
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A Sustainable Approach on Spruce Bark Waste Valorization through Hydrothermal Conversion. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainable use of resources, hydrothermal conversion of biomass has received increased consideration. As well, the hydrochar (the solid C-rich phase that occurs after the process) has caused great interest. In this work, spruce bark (Picea abies) wastes were considered as feedstock and the influence of hydrothermal process parameters (temperature, reaction time, and biomass to water ratio) on the conversion degree has been studied. Using the response surface methodology and MiniTab software, the process parameters were set up and showed that temperature was the significant factor influencing the conversion, while residence time and the solid-to-liquid ratio had a low influence. Furthermore, the chemical (proximate and ultimate analysis), structural (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis) of feedstock and hydrochar were analyzed. Hydrochar obtained at 280 °C, 1 h processing time, and 1/5 solid-to-liquid ratio presented a hydrophobic character, numerous functional groups, a lower O and H content, and an improved C matter, as well as a good thermal stability. Alongside the structural features, these characteristics endorsed this waste-based product for applications other than those already known as a heat source.
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9
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Modugno P, Titirici MM. Influence of Reaction Conditions on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fructose. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5271-5282. [PMID: 34542237 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization is a powerful way to convert cellulosic waste into valuable platform chemicals and carbonaceous materials. In this study, to optimize the process, fructose was chosen as the carbon precursor and the influence of reaction time, acid catalysis, feed gas and pressure on the conversion products is evaluated. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is produced in high amounts in relatively short time. Both strong and weak acids accelerate fructose conversion. Levulinic acid (LevA) formation is faster than that of hydrothermal (HT) carbon in acidic conditions. Strong acid catalysts should be considered to target preferentially LevA production, whereas milder conditions should be preferred for HMF production. Moreover, a slight initial overpressure of the reactor is always beneficial in terms of conversion. FT-IR and 13 C ss-NMR spectroscopy and SEM showed that HT carbon evolves through time from a furanic-based structure with alkylic linkers to an increasingly cross-linked condensed structure. MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry showed the existence of a series of oligomers in a mass range within 650 Da and 1500 Da formed by condensation of repeating units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Modugno
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E14NS, London, UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SE7 2AZ, London, UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku, 980-8577, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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10
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Goel C, Mohan S, Dinesha P. CO 2 capture by adsorption on biomass-derived activated char: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149296. [PMID: 34325142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture and storage has been recognized as the most promising method for CO2 control. Among the many sorbents, char derived from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass have demonstrated excellent CO2 adsorption capability. This paper reviews the different parameters to produce a higher yield of biochar and hydrochar suitable for carbon sequestration. The mechanism of physisorption and chemisorption is briefly presented. The different kinetic models, diffusion models to describe adsorption mechanism, and adsorption isotherms for CO2 uptake from biomass-derived hydrochar are reviewed. The different factors that affect the CO2 uptake are the type of activation, surface area and porosity, the ratio of activation agent to char, activation temperature, adsorption pressure and temperature, additives, and other physicochemical properties. The optimal conditions for CO2 uptake with chemical activation of KOH is a KOH/char ratio of 2-3, activation temperature of 700 °C, and an adsorption temperature below 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Goel
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sooraj Mohan
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - P Dinesha
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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11
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Enhancement of hydrothermal carbonization of chitin by combined pretreatment of mechanical activation and FeCl 3. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:242-250. [PMID: 34425120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a combined mechanical activation and FeCl3 (MA + FeCl3) method was applied to pretreat chitin to enhance the degree of hydrothermal carbonization. MA + FeCl3 pretreatment significantly disrupt the crystalline region of chitin and Fe3+ entered into the molecular chain, resulting in the destruction of the stable structure of chitin. The chemical and structural properties of hydrochars were characterized by EA, SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, 13C solid state NMR, and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses. The results showed that the H/C and O/C atomic ratios of HC-MAFCT/230 (the hydrochar derived from MA + FeCl3 pretreated chitin with hydrothermal reaction temperature of 230 °C) were 0.96 and 0.34, respectively. Van Krevelen diagram indicated that the hydrothermal carbonization of chitin underwent a series of reactions such as dehydration, decarboxylation, and aromatization. HC-MAFCT/230 had abundant oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups. HC-MAFCT/230 exhibited a porous structure, with the specific surface area of 128 m2 g-1, which was a promising carbon material.
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12
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Luo K, Pang Y, Wang D, Li X, Wang L, Lei M, Huang Q, Yang Q. A critical review on the application of biochar in environmental pollution remediation: Role of persistent free radicals (PFRs). J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 108:201-216. [PMID: 34465433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar as an emerging carbonaceous material has exhibited a great potential in environmental application for its perfect adsorption ability. However, there are abundant persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar, so the direct and indirect PFRs-mediated removal of organic and inorganic contaminants by biochar was widely reported. In order to comprehend deeply the formation of PFRs in biochar and their interactions with contaminants, this paper reviews the formation mechanisms of PFRs in biochar and the PFRs-mediated environmental applications of biochar in recent years. Finally, future challenges in this field are also proposed. This review provides a more comprehensive understanding on the emerging applications of biochar from the viewpoint of the catalytic role of PFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Ya Pang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China.
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Qi Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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13
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Fan G, Tong F, Zhang W, Shi G, Chen W, Liu L, Li J, Zhang Z, Gao Y. The effect of organic solvent washing on the structure of hydrochar-based dissolved organic matters and its potential environmental toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26584-26594. [PMID: 33484455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increased interest in the practical use of hydrochar, concerns about the possible environmental biotoxicity of hydrochar and its released dissolved organic matters (DOM) have grown. As a common method for removing bio-oil on the surface of hydrochar, the effect of organic solvent washing on the properties of hydrochar released DOM remains unclear. In this study, we made a comprehensive comparison of hydrochar properties and molecule structure as well as biotoxicity of DOM released from HC (raw hydrochar) and THC (hydrochar washed by tetrahydrofuran). The results indicated that the mass loss of hydrochar was obvious after tetrahydrofuran (THF) washing, and a decline of H/C atomic ratio and increase of N/C and O/C atomic ratios was observed based on Van Krevelen (VK) diagram. This result was further confirmed by FTIR, 13C NMR, and XPS results. Meanwhile, the molecule structure of DOM was shifted to lower molecule weight with higher O-contain compounds after THF extraction due to the demethanation process. However, the biotoxicity experiments indicated that both extracted DOM had no significant impact on germination rate of wheat, and HC-treated sample even exhibited growth superiority. Nevertheless, potential toxicity was observed with the increase of the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and THF washing aggravated the potential oxidative damage through increasing the aromaticity of DOM. Such understanding highlights the importance of evaluating hydrochar and its released DOM before applications, so as to reduce the potential environment biotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Gaoling Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lizhu Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jiangye Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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14
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Greener Solution to Waste Corn Stalks and Shortage of Asphalt Resource: Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Novel Performance Enhancer for Asphalt Binder. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061427. [PMID: 33804201 PMCID: PMC8001865 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of waste corn stalks (CS) has seized extensive attention due to high annual output and hazardous impact of piling aside or direct combustion on environment. However, previously there has been a lot of emphasis on improvement of its energy efficiency as solid fuel while limited investigations are available which explore the possibility of applying corn stalks as performance enhancer in asphalt binder. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of employing hydrochar as modifiers in asphalt binder by a series of experimental tests. In this study, two hydrochar were produced from corn stalks by a novel process called hydrothermal carbonization at a different reaction temperature. The two hydrochar and their responding hydrochar-modified asphalt (HCMA) were tested by chemical and rheological tests. Chemical analysis detected the interaction between hydrochar and binder factions, resulting in poor compatibility but satisfying anti-aging property. Even though hydrochar increased the viscosity of bitumen, implying worse workability, and caused poor storage stability, ameliorated performance of asphalt binder at high temperature by incorporating hydrochar was verified by various criteria such as higher performance grade (PG) failure temperature and lower non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr). Moreover, higher reaction temperature makes hydrochar’s particles smaller and more homogeneous, which results in slightly lower enhanced high temperature performance, more satisfying workability, better storage stability, and greater anti-aging effect of hydrochar-modified asphalt. Eventually, this study provided a promising win-win solution to environment problems concerning corn stalk treatment and shortage of asphalt binder. Further exploration of methods to improve HCMA’s storage stability, real-scale corroboration on trial section and life cycle assessment of asphalt pavement containing hydrochar modifiers will be followed in the future.
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15
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Hu C, Feng J, Zhou N, Zhu J, Zhang S. Hydrochar from corn stalk used as bio-asphalt modifier: High-temperature performance improvement. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110157. [PMID: 32896538 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomass utilization, even for conversion products like hydrochar or biochar, has an increasing demand because improper disposal can cause intensive pollution. In this study, hydrochar obtained by hydrothermal treatment of corn stalk was added to virgin asphalt as a novel modifier by manual stirring and high-speed shearing. This hydrochar-modified asphalt (HCMA) showed a better high-temperature performance compared to unmodified asphalt, and the optimized dosage was 6 wt% with Rutting Index reaching 76 °C, and its penetration and softening point reaching 31.70 (0.1 mm) and 54.70 °C, respectively. The macroscopic representation of modified asphalt was conducted by microscopic characterization methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). It was demonstrated that the performance was improved by the good blending state between hydrochar and asphalt. The application of hydrochar in modifying asphalt can reduce pollution and enhance its high-temperature performance, which has a potentially extensive application prospect in pavement engineering in subtropical and tropical climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichun Hu
- College of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Feng
- College of Civil Engineering & Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Su H, Zhou X, Zheng R, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Yu C, Hantoko D, Yan M. Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste after oil extraction pre-treatment: Study on hydrochar fuel characteristics, combustion behavior, and removal behavior of sodium and potassium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142192. [PMID: 32920412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to convert oil extracted food waste (OEFW) into hydrochar as potential solid fuel via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The effect of HTC temperature and residence time on the physicochemical characteristic, combustion behavior, and the removal behavior of sodium and potassium were evaluated. The raw OEFW material was successfully converted into energy densified hydrochar with higher high heating value (HHV) (21.13-24.07 MJ/kg) and higher fuel ratio (0.112-0.146). In addition, carbon content in hydrochar increased to 46.92-51.82% after HTC at various operating conditions. Compared with OEFW, the hydrochar had more stable and longer combustion process with the higher ignition temperature and burnout temperature. Besides, the HTC process showed high removal rates of sodium and potassium. It was found that the HTC temperature resulted in a significant reduction of sodium and potassium in hydrochar as compared to the residence time. The highest removal rate of sodium (70.98%) and potassium (84.05%) was obtained. Overall, the results show that the HTC is a promising alternative for conventional technologies (e.g., incineration and landfill) for treatment and energy conversion of OEFW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Su
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuanyou Zhou
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rendong Zheng
- Hangzhou Linjiang Environmental Energy Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 311222, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Gaojun Zhu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Caimeng Yu
- Zhejiang Zheneng Xingyuan Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Dwi Hantoko
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mi Yan
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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17
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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Olive Tree Pruning as a Sustainable Way for Improving Biomass Energy Potential: Effect of Reaction Parameters on Fuel Properties. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) allows the conversion of organic waste into a solid product called hydrochar with improved fuel properties. Olive tree pruning biomass (OTP), a very abundant residue in Mediterranean countries, was treated by HTC to obtain a solid fuel similar to coal that could be used in co-combustion processes. Three different reaction temperatures (220, 250, and 280 °C) and reaction times (3, 6, and 9 h) were selected. The hydrochars obtained were extensively analyzed to study their behavior as fuel (i.e., ultimate, proximate, fiber and thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), activation energy, and combustion performance). The concentrations of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the samples depict a clear and consistent trend with the chemical reactions carried out in this treatment. Regarding O/C and H/C ratios and HHV, the hydrochars generated at more severe conditions are similar to lignite coal, reaching values of HHV up to 29.6 MJ kg−1. The higher stability of the solid is reflected by the increase of the activation energy (≈60 kJ mol−1), and ignition temperatures close to 400 °C. With this, HTC is a proper thermal treatment for the management of raw OTP biomass and its further conversion into a solid biofuel.
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18
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de Araújo TP, Quesada HB, Bergamasco R, Vareschini DT, de Barros MASD. Activated hydrochar produced from brewer's spent grain and its application in the removal of acetaminophen. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123399. [PMID: 32334363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen has shown a gradual increase in detection in surface waters. Although present in low concentrations, it should be removed to prevent deleterious effects. Thus, adsorption onto activated carbon is emphasized. Adsorbents may be produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), an environmental-friendly process. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the use of HTC, verifying its application in acetaminophen removal. Brewer's spent grain (BSG), its hydrochar (HC-BSG) and its activated hydrochar (AHC-BSG) were characterized. HTC provided material with high carbon content. Lignocellulosic breakdown has been demonstrated in HC-BSG and AHC-BSG, but in the latter it was more intense as a result of activation with KOH. Also, a high surface area was found in AHC-BSG (1512.83 m2 g-1), resulting in an adsorption of 318.00 mg g-1. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models were fitted to the experimental data. Therefore, HTC was effective as a pretreatment for AHC-BSG, resulting in significant acetaminophen removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Peixoto de Araújo
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
| | - Heloise Beatriz Quesada
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniel Tait Vareschini
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
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19
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Wen H, Zhang D, Li C, Qi L. Characterization and sulfonamide antibiotics adsorption capacity of spent coffee grounds based biochar and hydrochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137015. [PMID: 32036134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of spent coffee grounds is produced as a processing waste each year during making the coffee beverage. Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are frequently detected in the environment and cause pollution problems. In this study, biochar (BC) and hydrochar (HC) were derived from spent coffee grounds through pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization, respectively. Their characteristics and sulfonamide antibiotics adsorption were investigated and compared with reference to adsorption capacity, adsorption isotherm and kinetics. Results showed BC possessed more carbonization and less oxygen-containing functional groups than HC when checked by Elemental Analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared. These groups affected the adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics and adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities of BC for sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were 121.5 μg/g and 130.1 μg/g at 25 °C with the initial antibiotic concentration of 500 μg/L, respectively. Meanwhile the maximum adsorption capacities of HC were 82.2 μg/g and 85.7 μg/g, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism for SAs adsorbed onto BC may be dominated by π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions, yet the SAs adsorption to HC may be attributed to hydrogen bonds. Further analysis of the adsorption isotherms and kinetics, found that physical and chemical interactions were involved in the SAs adsorption onto BC and HC. Overall, results suggested that: firstly, pyrolysis was an effective thermochemical conversion of spent coffee grounds; and secondly, BC was the more promising adsorbent for removing sulfonamide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Haitao Wen
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dan Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chaocan Li
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Li Qi
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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20
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Chen W, Zhang G, Li D, Ma S, Wang B, Jiang X. Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon from Waste Polyurethane Foam by Hydrothermal Carbonization for H2S Adsorption. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guocheng Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shenggui Ma
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bangda Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu 610065, China
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21
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Taskin E, de Castro Bueno C, Allegretta I, Terzano R, Rosa AH, Loffredo E. Multianalytical characterization of biochar and hydrochar produced from waste biomasses for environmental and agricultural applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:422-430. [PMID: 31176906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) and hydrochar (HC) are solid by-products obtained from various types of biomasses through the processes of pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization, respectively. Both BC and HC represent a sustainable solution for carbon sequestration and can be used as soil amendments or sorbents for organic and inorganic pollutants. However, the properties of BC and HC largely depend on feedstock and production parameters, which significantly affect their proper use. A detailed characterization of these materials is therefore needed to assess their suitability for environmental and/or agricultural applications. In this work, two BC samples and two HC samples were characterized with a multianalytical approach, including total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TG), and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). By comparing BC and HC data, HC showed a higher content of mineral elements, including important plant nutrients and potentially toxic elements. HC produced from solid urban wastes contained also some potentially toxic organic molecules, like chlorinated aromatic compounds. BC samples were characterized by a higher porosity and hydrophobicity than HC, thus being potentially more suitable for the sorption of organic pollutants. HC samples showed a higher content of cellulose and hemicellulose, resulting in a more hydrophilic but less thermally stable material than BC. In conclusion, both BC and HC have interesting properties for environmental and agricultural applications but careful selection of feedstock is needed, especially for HC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Taskin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Carolina de Castro Bueno
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ignazio Allegretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Terzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Andrè Henrique Rosa
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Avenida Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elisabetta Loffredo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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22
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Dye Adsorption and Electrical Property of Oxide-Loaded Carbon Fiber Made by Electrospinning and Hydrothermal Treatment. FIBERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fib7080074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our current study deals with the dye adsorption and electrical property of a partially carbonized composite fiber containing transition metal oxides including, iron oxide, nickel oxide, and titanium oxide. The fiber was made by electrospinning, carbonization, and hydrothermal treatment. During the electrospinning, titanium oxide particles were dispersed in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. Nickel chloride and iron nitrate were added into the solution to generate nickel oxide and iron oxide in the subsequent heat treatment processes. The polymer fiber was oxidized first at an elevated temperature of 250 °C to stabilize the structure of PAN. Then, we performed higher temperature heat treatment at 500 °C in a furnace with hydrogen gas protection to partially carbonize the polymer fiber. After that, the oxide-containing fiber was coated with activated carbon in a diluted sugar solution via hydrothermal carbonization at 200 °C for 8 h. The pressure reached 1.45 MPa in the reaction chamber. The obtained product was tested in view of the dye, Rhodamine B, adsorption using a Vis-UV spectrometer. Electrical property characterization was performed using an electrochemical work station. It was found that the hydrothermally treated oxide-containing fiber demonstrated obvious dye adsorption behavior. The visible light absorption intensity of the Rhodamine B dye decreased with the increase in the soaking time of the fiber in the dye solution. The impedance of the fiber was increased due to the hydrothermal carbonization treatment. We also found that charge build-up was faster at the surface of the specimen without the hydrothermally treated carbon layer. Electricity generation under visible light excitation is more intensive at the hydrothermally treated fiber than at the one without the hydrothermal treatment. This result is consistent with that obtained from the dye adsorption/decomposition test because the charge generation is more efficient at the surface of the hydrothermally treated fiber, which allows the dye to be decomposed faster by the treated fibers with activated carbon.
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23
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Liu F, Gao Y, Zhang C, Huang H, Yan C, Chu X, Xu Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Xiao X, Yang W. Highly microporous carbon with nitrogen-doping derived from natural biowaste for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 548:322-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Ruan X, Sun Y, Du W, Tang Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Doherty W, Frost RL, Qian G, Tsang DCW. Formation, characteristics, and applications of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:457-468. [PMID: 30827730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to abundant biomass and eco-friendliness, biochar is exemplified as one of the most promising candidates to mediate the degradation of environmental contaminants. Recently, environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been detected in biochars, which can activate S2O82- or H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species for effective degradation of organic and inorganic contaminants. Comprehending the formation mechanisms of EPFRs in biochars and their interactions with contaminants is indispensable to further develop their environmental applications, e.g., direct and indirect EPFR-mediated removal of organics/inorganics by biochars. With reference to the information of EPFRs in environmental matrices, this article critically reviews the formation mechanisms, characteristics, interactions, and environmental applications of EPFRs in biochars. Synthesis conditions and loading of metals/organics are considered as key parameters controlling their concentrations, types, and activities. This review provides new and important insights into the fate and emerging applications of surface-bound EPFRs in biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Ruan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weimeng Du
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuyuan Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre of Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - William Doherty
- Centre of Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ray L Frost
- Centre of Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Yu J, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Chen T, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Yin D. Efficient removal of several estrogens in water by Fe-hydrochar composite and related interactive effect mechanism of H 2O 2 and iron with persistent free radicals from hydrochar of pinewood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:1013-1022. [PMID: 30677966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, hydrochar (HC) with existed persistent free radicals (PFRs) has attracted researches' attention for the potential application in heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions, but studies on the interactive effects of H2O2, iron, and HC in removal of organic pollutants are still limited. In this paper, magnetic iron (hydr)oxides immobilized hydrochar composite (Fe/HC) derived from hydrothermal carbon (HTC) of pinewood were synthesized and characterized. The interactive effects of H2O2, iron, and HC in the removal of several estrogens were systematically investigated to understand the removal performance and related mechanism, especially at a pH range close to natural water environment. Batch experiments results showed that estrogens could be efficiently removed over Fe/HC material under a wide pH range of 4-9. Based on the analysis of electron spin resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, mechanism study indicated that the carbon-centered PFRs on the surface of hydrochar can act as electron donors, and transfer the electrons on adsorbed O2 to generate O2- rapidly, while the addition of H2O2 enhanced the transmission ability of electron to produce OH(ads) on the material surface. The iron and hydrochar components contributed to the desirable removal of estrogens via the synergistic effect between catalysis and adsorption. This study provides a promising application for the use of Fe/HC materials on remediation of pollution with trace estrogens in water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Zhang D, Wang F, Zhang A, Yi W, Li Z, Shen X. Effect of pretreatment on chemical characteristic and thermal degradation behavior of corn stalk digestate: Comparison of dry and wet torrefaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:239-246. [PMID: 30593943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the dry torrefaction (DT) and wet torrefaction (WT) were compared at different temperatures to explore the effect of these pretreatments on the characteristic of corn stalk digestate (CSD) and the thermal degradation behaviors. The results indicated the both torrefactions improved the fuel properties of CSD, including the lower volatiles content, higher carbon content and HHV. The WT showed higher removals of organics and alkali metals, while DT retained more carbon and ash. The SEM, FTIR and XRD analyses indicated the existence of organic coverings of WT samples, and showed richer surface functional groups, relative complete lignin structure and higher crystallinity compared to DT samples. The thermogravimetric analysis displayed the torrefied temperature above 260 °C (DT) or 220 °C (WT) was not suitable for CSD pyrolysis. Besides, the WT samples showed the more concentrated combustion range, while DT tends the burning of CSD to the behavior of coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Andong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Weiming Yi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
| | - Zhihe Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Xiuli Shen
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
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27
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Chen X, Ma X, Peng X, Lin Y, Wang J, Zheng C. Effects of aqueous phase recirculation in hydrothermal carbonization of sweet potato waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:167-174. [PMID: 30014995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous phase recirculation was investigated in hydrothermal carbonization of sweet potato waste at 220 °C for 60 min. The result showed that the aqueous phase reuse significantly increased the hydrochar yield. The lower H/C and O/C ratios indicated that decarboxylation reaction was promoted. The CC vibration of the benzene backbone became intense, suggesting the occurrence of aromatization and polymerization reactions. Thus, the carbon content and HHV were improved. After recirculation, hydrochar showed a decrease in combustion ignition temperature whereas an increase in pyrolysis initial decomposition temperature. The burnout temperatures in combustion and terminated temperature in pyrolysis both showed an increase trend. The hydrochars obtained from the recirculation step possessed lower emissions of NOX or SO2 than that from reference step. The pyrolysis emission result showed that more high thermal stability components were formed during recirculation step. Overall, aqueous phase recirculation was a feasible way to improve hydrothermal carbonization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yousheng Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chupeng Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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