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Vaishnavi M, Sathishkumar K, Gopinath KP. Hydrothermal liquefaction of composite household waste to biocrude: the effect of liquefaction solvents on product yield and quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39760-39773. [PMID: 38833053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of composite household waste (CHW) was investigated at different temperatures in the range of 240-360 °C, residence times in the range of 30-90 min, and co-solvent ratios of 2-8 ml/g, by utilising ethanol, glycerol, and produced aqueous phase as liquefaction solvents. Maximum biocrude yield of 46.19% was obtained at 340 °C and 75 min, with aqueous phase recirculation ratio (RR) of 5 ml/g. The chemical solvents such as glycerol and ethanol yielded a biocrude percentage of 45.18% and 42.16% at a ratio of 6 ml/g and 8 ml/g, respectively, for 340 °C and 75 min. The usage of co-solvents as hydrothermal medium increased the biocrude yield by 35.30% and decreased the formation of solid residue and gaseous products by 19.82% and 18.74% respectively. Also, the solid residue and biocrude obtained from co-solvent HTL possessed higher carbon and hydrogen content, thus having a H/C ratio and HHV that is 1.01 and 1.23 times higher than that of water as hydrothermal medium. Among the co-solvents, HTL with aqueous phase recirculation resulted in higher carbon and energy recovery percentages of 9.36% and 9.78% for solid residue and 52.09% and 56.75% for biocrude respectively. Further qualitatively, co-solvent HTL in the presence of obtained aqueous phase yielded 33.43% higher fraction of hydrocarbons than the pure water HTL and 7.70-17.01% higher hydrocarbons when compared with ethanol and glycerol HTL respectively. Nitrogen containing compounds, such as phenols and furfurals, for biocrudes obtained from all HTL processes, were found to be present in the range of 8.30-14.40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevan Vaishnavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603110, India
| | - Kannaiyan Sathishkumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603110, India.
| | - Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Sathak Nagar, SH 49, Keelakarai, Tamil Nadu, 623806, India
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Yang RX, Jan K, Chen CT, Chen WT, Wu KCW. Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value-Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200171. [PMID: 35349769 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is an emerging environmental issue for our society. Critical action to tackle this problem is to upcycle plastic waste as valuable feedstock. Thermochemical conversion of plastic waste has received growing attention. Although thermochemical conversion is promising for handling mixed plastic waste, it typically occurs at high temperatures (300-800 °C). Catalysts can play a critical role in improving the energy efficiency of thermochemical conversion, promoting targeted reactions, and improving product selectivity. This Review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art of catalytic thermochemical conversions of various types of plastic waste. First, general trends and recent development of catalytic thermochemical conversions including pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal processes, and chemolysis of plastic waste into fuels, chemicals, and value-added materials were reviewed. Second, the status quo for the commercial implementation of thermochemical conversion of plastic waste was summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of catalytic thermochemical conversion of plastic waste including the design of sustainable and robust catalysts were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xuan Yang
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1 Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Kalsoom Jan
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
| | - Ching-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chen
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01851, USA
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
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Review of Studies on Joint Recovery of Macroalgae and Marine Debris by Hydrothermal Liquefaction. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
At the moment, macroalgae blooms in sea waters, the rotting of which causes greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to the formation of a negative ecological and economic situation in coastal zones, which has become a serious problem. Fuel production through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of macroalgae and marine debris is a promising solution to this ecological problem. The article provides an overview of studies on producing fuel from macroalgae and an assessment of the possibility of their joint recovery with marine debris. The optimal process conditions and their technological efficiency were evaluated. The article shows the feasibility of using heterogeneous catalysis and co-solvent to increase the yield of bio-oil and improve its quality. An assessment of the possibility of joint processing of waste macroalgae and marine debris showed the inexpediency of this direction. The high degree of drift macroalgae contamination also raises the question of the appropriateness of the preliminary extraction of other valuable components for nutrition use, such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and their derivatives.
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Sahoo A, Saini K, Jindal M, Bhaskar T, Pant KK. Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: Status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125948. [PMID: 34571330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) effectively converts biomass to biofuels, thereby limiting the endless reliance on petroleum products derived from fossil fuels. However, the conversion is based on individual feedstock in the HTL process. In order to, further boost the conversion, HTL can be done by blending various feedstock, mainly algal and lignocellulosic biomass. Bibliometric analysis was carried out, and it was observed that there have been very few studies on Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction (Co-HTL). There still exist several crucial gaps in process optimization when co-reactants are used due to their synergistic effects. The reaction kinetics and mechanism, catalyst screening and by-products application require further studies. Therefore, R&D is necessary to optimize the process to completely utilize the complementarity of the feedstocks under study resulting in better quality of products which require minor/ no upgradation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Meenu Jindal
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-Catalytic Processes Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Kamal K Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Swetha A, ShriVigneshwar S, Gopinath KP, Sivaramakrishnan R, Shanmuganathan R, Arun J. Review on hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase as a valuable resource for biofuels, bio-hydrogen and valuable bio-chemicals recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131248. [PMID: 34182640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass results in the formation of bio-oil, aqueous phase (HTL-AP), bio-char, and gaseous products. Safer disposal of HTL-AP is difficult on an industrial scale since it comprises low molecular acid compounds. This review provides a comprehensive note on the recent articles published on the effective usage of HTL-AP for the recovery of valuable compounds. Thermo-chemical and biological processes are the preferred techniques for the recovery of biofuel, platform chemicals from HTL-AP. From this review, it was evident that the composition of HTL-AP and product recovery are the integrated pathways, which depend on each other. Substitute as reaction medium in HTL process, growth medium for algae and microbes are the most common mode of reuse and recycle of HTL-AP. Future research is needed to depict the mechanism of HTL process when HTL-AP is used as a reaction medium on an industrial scale. Need to find a solution for the hindrance in commercializing HTL process and recovery of value-added compounds from HTL-AP from lab scale to industry level. Integrated pathways on reuse and HTL-AP recycle helps in reduced environmental concerns and sustainable production of bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Authilingam Swetha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar ShriVigneshwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rajasree Shanmuganathan
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jayaseelan Arun
- Center for Waste Management - 'International Research Centre', Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai, 603119, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Fang C, Xu D, Zheng X. Interactions of the Main Components in Paper‐Plastic‐Aluminum Complex Packaging Wastes during the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wang
- Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology 710048 Xi'an China
| | - Ying Wang
- Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology 710048 Xi'an China
| | - Yitong Zhu
- Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology 710048 Xi'an China
| | - Changqing Fang
- Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Printing Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology 710048 Xi'an China
| | - Donghai Xu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE 710049 Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Xi'an University of Technology State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area 710048 Xi'an China
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Rajagopal J, Gopinath KP, Krishnan A, Vikas Madhav N, Arun J. Photocatalytic reforming of aqueous phase obtained from liquefaction of household mixed waste biomass for renewable bio-hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124529. [PMID: 33321296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction of household waste was performed to produce valuable liquid hydrocarbons with aqueous phase as by-product. Photocatalytic reforming of aqueous phase was carried out for hydrogen production. Liquefaction of 15 g waste at temperature of 320 °C and solvent to biomass ratio of 13.33 mL/g produced bio-oil of 32.4 wt% and hydrogen 21 wt% in gas product. Hydrogen production from aqueous phase was studied in presence of various concentrations of activated carbon doped Fe/TiO2 catalyst (0.2-1 wt%). Hydrogen yield was 32 wt% when 0.6 wt% of catalyst was used to reform aqueous phase. To ease of operation in economical manner the reusability study of the catalyst was evaluated and it was found to be active for three consecutive cycles. As outcome of this study, household waste can serve for a whooping amount of hydrogen (53 wt%) production via liquefaction and photocatalytic reforming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Rajagopal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Abhishek Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Vikas Madhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaseelan Arun
- Centre for Waste Management, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arun J, Gopinath KP, Sivaramakrishnan R, Shyam S, Mayuri N, Manasa S, Pugazhendhi A. Hydrothermal liquefaction of Prosopis juliflora biomass for the production of ferulic acid and bio-oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124116. [PMID: 32957046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Prosopis juliflora biomass for the production of ferulic acid and bio-oil. Biomass was processed with various solvents (NaOH, KOH, HCl and H2SO4) to produce ferulic acid (FA). FA oxidation was carried out using the Nano ZnO catalyst to produce an optimum vanillin yield of 0.3 g at 70 °C with 0.4% catalyst loading for a time of 60 min. The spent solid residue was then processed using HTL at 5 MPa pressure and a temperature range of 240-340 °C. Various biomass loading (2.5 g to 12.5 g) was taken for a fixed water content of 200 mL. Bio-oil optimum yield was 22.5 wt% for 10 g/200 mL of biomass loading ratio. The optimum temperature was 300 °C for a processing time of 1 h. The catalyst showed the reusable capability of two three consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Arun
- Center for Waste Management - 'International Research Center', Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sivaprasad Shyam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Namasivayam Mayuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sadhasivan Manasa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Yadav P, Reddy SN. Hydrothermal liquefaction of Fe-impregnated water hyacinth for generation of liquid bio-fuels and nano Fe carbon hybrids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123691. [PMID: 32580120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction experiments of iron impregnated water hyacinth were performed with a motive to enhance bio-oil yields along with generation of nanometal carbon hybrids. Iron nanoparticles were impregnated and its metal loading was determined by ICP-MS. The impact of operating parameters like temperature, biomass to water ratio and reaction time on bio-oil yields was studied. During hydrothermal liquefaction a maximum total bio-oil yield of 38.1% was obtained at 280 °C along with formation of nanometal carbon hybrids. The light oil and heavy oil fractions were characterized by GCMS and NMR for determining the key components. The light oil mainly comprises of alkanes, alcohols and esters whereas heavy oil contains esters, ethers, carboxylic acids and phenols. XRD and XPS of Fe-impregnated water hyacinth and residues confirmed the transition of Fe+3/+2 to Fe0. TEM analysis resulted an average particle size of Fe nanoparticles around 19.6 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Hongthong S, Leese HS, Chuck CJ. Valorizing Plastic-Contaminated Waste Streams through the Catalytic Hydrothermal Processing of Polypropylene with Lignocellulose. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20586-20598. [PMID: 32832812 PMCID: PMC7439709 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Food waste is a promising resource for the production of fuels and chemicals. However, increasing plastic contamination has a large impact on the efficiency of conversion for the more established biological routes such as anaerobic digestion or fermentation. Here, we assessed a novel route through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of a model waste (pistachio hulls) and polypropylene (PP). Pure pistachio hulls gave a biocrude yield of 34% (w/w), though this reduced to 16% (w/w) on the addition of 50% PP in the mixture. The crude composition was a complex blend of phenolics, alkanes, carboxylic acids, and other oxygenates, which did not change substantially on the addition of PP. Pure PP does not breakdown at all under HTL conditions (350 °C, 15% solids loading), and even with biomass, there is only a small synergistic effect resulting in a conversion of 19% PP. This conversion was enhanced through using typical HTL catalysts including Fe, FeSO4·7H2O, MgSO4·H2O, ZnSO4·7H2O, ZSM-5, aluminosilicate, Y-zeolite, and Na2CO3; the conversion of PP reached a maximum of 38% with the aluminosilicate, for example. However, the PP almost exclusively broke down into a solid-phase product, with no enhancement of the biocrude fraction. The mechanism was explored, and with the addition of the radical scavenger butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the conversion of plastic reduced substantially, demonstrating that radical formation is necessary. As a result, the plastic conversion was enhanced to over 50% through the addition of the co-solvent and hydrogen donor, formic acid, and the radical donor, hydrogen peroxide. The addition of formic acid also changed the crude composition, including more carboxylic acids and oxygenated species than the conversion of the biomass alone; however, the majority of the carbon distributed to the volatile organic gas fraction producing an array of short-chain volatile hydrocarbons, which potentially could be repolymerized as a polyolefin or combined with the biocrude for further processing. Catalytic HTL was therefore shown to be a promising method for the valorization of polyolefins with biomass under typical HTL conditions.
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Arun J, Gopinath KP, SundarRajan P, Malolan R, Adithya S, Sai Jayaraman R, Srinivaasan Ajay P. Hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus obliquus using a novel catalyst derived from clam shells: Solid residue as catalyst for hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123443. [PMID: 32353767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the catalytic application of waste clam shell in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus) for liquid hydrocarbons production. Novel catalyst (calcium hydroxide) was derived from clam shells. Catalytic HTL was performed at varying temperature of 240-320 °C for catalyst load (0.2-1 wt%) at a reaction time of 60 min. Bio-oil yield was maximum (39.6 wt%) at a temperature of 300 °C for catalyst load of 0.6 wt% at a reaction time of 60 min with calorific value of 35.01 MJ/kg. Compounds like phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, acids and aldehydes were detected in bio-oil through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Gasification of microalgae with waste solid residue obtained from HTL was carried out for hydrogen production. Valuable hydrogen gas production was maximum (37 wt%) at a temperature of 400 °C for 3 wt% of solid residue. Water-gas shift, methanation and steam reforming reactions favoured the hydrogen gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Arun
- Centre for Waste Management, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - PanneerSelvam SundarRajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Malolan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth Adithya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Sai Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mukundan S, Sriganesh G, Kumar P. Upgrading Prosopis juliflora to biofuels via a two-step pyrolysis – Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation approach. FUEL 2020; 267:117320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
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13
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Njokweni SG, Weimer PJ, Warburg L, Botes M, van Zyl WH. Valorisation of the invasive species, Prosopis juliflora, using the carboxylate platform to produce volatile fatty acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121602. [PMID: 31195362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biomass derived from low-value, high-volume invasive plant species is an attractive, alternative feedstock to produce biofuels and biochemicals. This study aimed to use the carboxylate platform to valorize the invasive leguminous shrub, Prosopis juliflora (Mesquite), by utilizing in vitro rumen fermentations without chemical pretreatment to produce volatile fatty acids. The three fractions of the mesquite: leaves (ProL), stems (ProS) and branches (ProB) were compared regarding chemical composition, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility at 7 time points and VFA production after 72 h with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a reference. NDF digestibility was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ProL (35.8%) than ProS (30.4%) and ProB (20.9%) compared to SCB (21.9%). VFA concentrations from 20 g biomass L-1 showed significant differences with 8.07, 6.71 and 6.51 g L-1 for ProL, ProS and ProB respectively, while SCB yielded 4.02 g L-1. These concentrations were comparable with other platforms that employ chemically pretreated biomass for VFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesethu G Njokweni
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Paul J Weimer
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa Warburg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Marelize Botes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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Jayakishan B, Nagarajan G, Arun J. Co-thermal liquefaction of Prosopis juliflora biomass with paint sludge for liquid hydrocarbons production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:303-307. [PMID: 30921583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Prosopis juliflora biomass was co-liquefied with hydrocarbons rich paint waste for next generation fuel (bio-oil) production. Co-liquefaction (HTL) was performed at varying biomass to paint waste ratios (1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2) at different temperatures from 340 to 440 °C for a holding time of 60 min. Bentonite catalyst was added from 1 to 5% wt. to the HTL reactor. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were carried out for bio-oil and HTL aqueous phase. Maximum bio-oil yield was around 49.26% wt. at 420 °C, 2:1 blend and 4% wt. of bentonite catalyst. Energy and carbon recovery of bio-oil was around 70% and 96% respectively. Additionally, HTL aqueous phase was analysed and it showed presence of acids molecules in it. The gas from HTL process contained Carbon dioxide (46.25%), Carbon monoxide (6.38%), Methane (9.35%) and hydrogen (24.53%).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jayakishan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Nagarajan
- I. C. Engines Engineering Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, 600025 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - J Arun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Tamil Nadu, India
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