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Wang Y, Yi Z, Xie L, Mao Y, Ji W, Liu Z, Wei X, Su F, Chen CM. Releasing Free Radicals in Precursor Triggers the Formation of Closed Pores in Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401249. [PMID: 38529803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Increasing closed pore volume in hard carbon is considered to be the most effective way to enhance the electrochemical performance in sodium-ion batteries. However, there is a lack of systematic insights into the formation mechanisms of closed pores at molecular level. In this study, a regulation strategy of closed pores via adjustment of the content of free radicals is reported. Sufficient free radicals are exposed by part delignification of bamboo, which is related to the formation of well-developed carbon layers and rich closed pores. In addition, excessive free radicals from nearly total delignification lead to more reactive sites during pyrolysis, which competes for limited precursor debris to form smaller microcrystals and therefore compact the material. The optimal sample delivers a large closed pore volume of 0.203 cm3 g-1, which leads to a high reversible capacity of 350 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1 and enhanced Na+ transfer kinetics. This work provides insights into the formation mechanisms of closed pores at molecular level, enabling rational design of hard carbon pore structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zonglin Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lijing Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yixuan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xianxian Wei
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Fangyuan Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Cheng-Meng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Zhan Q, Lin Q, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Ren J. A fractionation strategy of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from wheat straw via the biphasic pretreatment for biomass valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128887. [PMID: 36925080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing an environmentally friendly and efficient pretreatment to utilize wheat straw is essential to a sustainable future. An acid biphasic system with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) organic solvent and dilute p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) were employed for the simultaneous fractionation of three components. Results showed that the biphasic system had excellent cellulose protection and high removal of hemicellulose and lignin. In detail, Under the optimal conditions (0.1 M p-TsOH, 2-MeTHF: H2O = 1:1 (v:v), 140 °C, 3 h), mostly cellulose retained in the residues (95.69%), 57.18% of lignin was removed and high yield of hemicellulose-based C5 sugars was achieved (77.49%). In the further process of dehydration of pre-hydrolysate dichloromethane (DCM) as an organic phase, the yield of furfural was 80.07% (170 °C-80 min). The saccharification of residue reached 95.82%. p-TsOH/2-MeTHF/H2O pretreatment was desirable for high selectivity fractionation. Important chemicals for bioenergy including furfural, monosaccharides and lignin are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qixuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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3
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Abstract
In order to valorize lignin wastes to produce useful aromatic compounds, the thermal degradation pyrolysis of Kraft lignin in the absence of catalysts has been investigated at 350, 450, and 550 °C. The high content of sulfur in the fresh sample led to the formation of S-containing compounds in products whose evolution in the gas phase was monitored through GC-MS analysis. Pyrolytic gas is rich in CH4, CO, CO2, and H2S with the presence of other sulfur compounds in smaller amounts (i.e., CH3SH, CH3-S-CH3, SO2, COS, and CS2). Biochar morphology and elemental composition have been investigated by means of SEM and EDX. The carbon content reaches ~90% after pyrolysis at 550 °C, while the oxygen content showed a decreasing trend with increasing temperature. From GC-MS analysis, bio-oil resulted rich in alkyl-alkoxy phenols, together with (alkyl)dihydroxy benzenes and minor amounts of hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. NaOH/H2O and EtOH/H2O extraction were performed with the aim of extracting phenolic-like compounds. Sodium hydroxide solution allowed a better but still incomplete extraction of phenolic compounds, leaving a bio-oil richer in sulfur.
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Biswas B, Kumar A, Kaur R, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T. Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of alkali lignin over activated bio-char supported bimetallic catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125439. [PMID: 34320735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based support catalysts are beneficial on account of low material cost, prominent surface area, and stability at high temperature. In this study, biochar derived activated carbon (AC) supported metal catalysts were tested for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of alkali lignin. Catalytic HTL of alkali lignin was carried out at various temperatures (260 to 300 °C) with varying catalysts quantity (5 to 20 wt%), and solvents (water, ethanol, methanol) for 15 min reaction time. As the reaction temperature increased from 260 to 300 °C, conversion increased from 76.2 to 85.5 wt%. Bimetallic catalyst Ni-Co/AC with ethanol solvent system at 280 °C gave highest bio-oil yield (72.0 wt%). Lignin catalytic depolymerization produces monomer phenolic compounds due to efficient breaking of the lignin macromolecule. Thus, the presence of catalyst and solvent increased the cleavage of β-O-4 bonds resulting in increased selectivity towards vanillin (32.3-36.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Biswas
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avnish Kumar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Sustainability Impact Assessment Area (SIA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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5
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Lin X, Chen L, Li H, Lv Y, Liu Y, Lu X, Liu M. Mild depolymerization of the sinocalamus oldhami alkali lignin to phenolic monomer with base and activated carbon supported nickel-tungsten carbide catalyst composite system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125136. [PMID: 33872995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the sinocalamus oldhami alkali lignin was depolymerized into phenolic products in a combined system by using the composite alkali and Ni-W2C/activated carbon (AC) as catalysts. FT-IR, GPC, TG, 2D-HSQC and GC-MS were used to analyze the composition, structure and distribution of degradation products, and the synergistic effect of metal and alkali catalysts on the depolymerization of lignin was also studied. The results showed that Ni-W2C/AC and composite alkali could effectively improve the catalytic degradation efficiency of lignin under mild conditions, 94.4% of lignin was converted and 17.18% of phenolic monomers were obtained under 260 °C for 5 h. In this composite system, the synergism of the basic sites, the metal active sites and the Lewis acid sites could promote the cleavage of C-O bonds in the lignin molecule and lower the char formation during the base-catalyzed solvolysis. Phenolic monomers were mainly composed of phenol, 2-methyl-phenol and p-cresol etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Technology Exploitation Base of Biomass Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Technology Exploitation Base of Biomass Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Heyu Li
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Technology Exploitation Base of Biomass Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Technology Exploitation Base of Biomass Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Technology Exploitation Base of Biomass Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, Tianjin, China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Technology Exploitation Base of Biomass Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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6
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Yan B, Lin X, Chen Z, Cai Q, Zhang S. Selective production of phenolic monomers via high efficient lignin depolymerization with a carbon based nickel-iron-molybdenum carbide catalyst under mild conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124503. [PMID: 33310408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant renewable source of bio-aromatics and its valorization is of great importance. In this work, an efficient non-precious carbon based metal-Mo2C catalytic system for selective production of phenolic monomers (PMs) from organosolv lignin depolymerization is proposed. With the optimized catalyst of Ni-Fe-Mo2C, 89.56% of liquefaction and 35.53% of PMs yields were achieved under 260 ℃ for 4 h with water-methanol (4:1 v/v) solvent. Characterization of the catalysts shows that the induction of Ni-Fe species was favor for the formation of β-Mo2C, and efficiently promoted the lignin liquefaction. The decoration of Ni/Fe can also change the side chain hydrogenolysis ability of the catalyst and exhibite high yield for 4-ethylphenol (14.77%) production. Methanol, used as co-solvent, was found to play an important role in PMs production and lignin depolymerization. These results demonstrated that the Ni-Fe-Mo2C catalytic system has potential to produce valuable phenolic monomers from lignin under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Yan
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qinjie Cai
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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7
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Liu P, Chen C, Zhou M, Xia H, Li J, Sharma BK, Jiang J. Catalytic lignin valorization over HSZ-supported CuNiAl-based catalysts with microwave heating. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microwave assisted lignin depolymerization was investigated over HSZ-supported CuNiAl-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
| | - Changzhou Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
| | - Minghao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
| | - Haihong Xia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center
- Prairie Research Institute
- One Hazelwood Dr., Champaign
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- USA
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material
- Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
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8
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Hendry A, Åhlén M, Fernandes T, Cheung O, Sanna A. Catalytic cracking of Etek lignin with zirconia supported metal-oxides for alkyl and alkoxy phenols recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124008. [PMID: 32818909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl and alkoxy phenols are desirable products from the catalytic depolymerisation of lignin. In this work, ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of Etek lignin in presence of Na, Ce, NiCe, MgCe, Fe and FePd on ZrO2 was studied. The largest combined yield of monomeric phenolics and alkylphenols was produced by Na/ZrO2 catalysts. A parametric study of the most promising Na/ZrO2 then resulted in using a catalyst:lignin ratio of 3:1 at 500 °C as the best option, enhancing at 17.5 wt% the recovery of total phenolics including 6 wt% alkyl phenols, which is equivalent to 27.8 wt% and 9.5 wt% of the starting lignin in Etek lignin waste. The study of the catalyst basicity indicates that the mild basicity of Na/ZrO2 was mostly responsible for the enhanced mono phenols recovery. Due to formation of thermally stable Na2CO3 during pyrolysis, successful Na/ZrO2 regeneration requires temperature of 900 °C or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie Hendry
- Advanced Biofuels Lab, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Michelle Åhlén
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Division, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 534 751 21, Sweden
| | - Tony Fernandes
- Advanced Biofuels Lab, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; Polytech Montpellier, Département MAT, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France
| | - Ocean Cheung
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Division, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 534 751 21, Sweden
| | - Aimaro Sanna
- Advanced Biofuels Lab, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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9
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Li ZM, Long JX, Zeng Q, Wu YH, Cao ML, Liu SJ, Li XH. Production of Methyl p-Hydroxycinnamate by Selective Tailoring of Herbaceous Lignin Using Metal-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jin-xing Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-hao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ming-long Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Si-jie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xue-hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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10
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The molecular design and experimental study on the catalytic cleavage of linkages in lignin with binuclear ionic liquid. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Zhu D, Yang H, Chen Y, Chen X, Zou J, Zhang S, Chen H. Synergetic effect of magnesium citrate and temperature on the product characteristics of waste lotus seedpod pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123079. [PMID: 32131040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the synergetic effect of magnesium citrate (MC) and temperature on biomass pyrolysis, co-pyrolysis of lotus seedpod (LS) and MC was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. With the addition of MC, CO2 become the dominate composition in gas (55.83-90.75 vol%). And with temperature increasing, the main components in bio-oil converted from carboxylic acid to phenols and aromatics. Meanwhile, the mesoporous carbon was formed, with the BET specific surface area up to 514.66 m2/g, and pore diameter mainly focused at 3-8 nm. For the catalytic effect, the secondary cracking of pyrolytic volatiles (acetic acid and anhydrosugar) was inhibited, therefore the gas releasing was inhibited below 550 °C. However, at higher temperature, MgO catalysts favored the reduction of acids and deoxygenation via ketonization and aldol condensation reactions. The formed MgO as a template and the catalysis of MgO during co-pyrolysis contributed to the mesoporous structure of solid char.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Shihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
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12
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Xie F, Li Y, Chen X, Chen L, Zhu Z, Li B, Huang Y, Zhang K, Zhang M. Direct synthesis of novel quinoxaline derivatives via palladium-catalyzed reductive annulation of catechols and nitroarylamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5997-6000. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed new hydrogenative annulation reaction of catechols and nitroarylamines, allowing straightforward access to two classes of novel quinoxaline derivatives, has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- China
- South China University of Technology
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13
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Detection and Identification of Lignosulfonate Depolymerization Products Using UPLC-QTOF-MS and a Self-Built Database. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Cao Y, Chen SS, Zhang S, Ok YS, Matsagar BM, Wu KCW, Tsang DCW. Advances in lignin valorization towards bio-based chemicals and fuels: Lignin biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121878. [PMID: 31377047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most promising renewable sources for aromatic hydrocarbons, while effective depolymerization towards its constituent monomers is a particular challenge because of the structural complexity and stability. Intensive research efforts have been directed towards exploiting effective valorization of lignin for the production of bio-based platform chemicals and fuels. The present contribution aims to provide a critical review of key advances in the identification of exact lignin structure subjected to various fractionation technologies and demonstrate the key roles of lignin structures in depolymerization for unique functionalized products. Various technologies (e.g., thermocatalytic approaches, photocatalytic conversion, and mechanochemical depolymerization) are reviewed and evaluated in terms of feasibility and potential for further upgrading. Overall, advances in pristine lignin structure analysis and conversion technologies can facilitate recovery and subsequent utilization of lignin towards tailored commodity chemicals and fungible fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Season S Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Babasaheb M Matsagar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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