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Hao L, Jiang F, Wang Y, Wang H, Hu H, You W, Hu X, Cheng H, Wang C, Song E. Formic acid enhances whole-plant mulberry silage fermentation by boosting lactic acid production and inhibiting harmful bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1399907. [PMID: 38915298 PMCID: PMC11194324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry has also been regarded as a valuable source of forage for ruminants. This study was developed to investigate the impact of four additives and combinations thereof on fermentation quality and bacterial communities associated with whole-plant mulberry silage. Control fresh material (FM) was left untreated, while other groups were treated with glucose (G, 20 g/kg FM), a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. buchneri (L, 106 CFU/g FM), formic acid (A, 5 mL/kg FM), salts including sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (S, 1.5 g/kg FM), a combination of G and L (GL), a combination of G and A (GA), or a combination of G and S (GS), followed by ensiling for 90 days. Dry matter content in the A, S, GA, and GS groups was elevated relative to the other groups (p < 0.01). Relative to the C group, all additives and combinations thereof were associated with reductions in pH and NH3-N content (p < 0.01). The A groups exhibited the lowest pH and NH3-N content at 4.23 and 3.27 g/kg DM, respectively (p < 0.01), whereas the C groups demonstrated the highest values at 4.43 and 4.44 g/kg DM, respectively (p < 0.01). The highest levels of lactic acid were observed in the GA and A groups (70.99 and 69.14 g/kg DM, respectively; p < 0.01), followed by the GL, L, and GS groups (66.88, 64.17 and 63.68 g/kg DM, respectively), with all of these values being higher than those for the C group (53.27 g/kg DM; p < 0.01). Lactobacillus were the predominant bacteria associated with each of these samples, but the overall composition of the bacterial community was significantly impacted by different additives. For example, Lactobacillus levels were higher in the G, A, and GA groups (p < 0.01), while those of Weissella levels were raised in the L, GL, and GS groups (p < 0.01), Pediococcus levels were higher in the A and GA groups (p < 0.01), Enterococcus levels were higher in the G and S groups (p < 0.01), and Lactococcus levels were raised in the S group (p < 0.01). Relative to the C group, a reduction in the levels of undesirable Enterobacter was evident in all groups treated with additives (p < 0.01), with the greatest reductions being evident in the A, S, GA, and GS groups. The additives utilized in this study can thus improve the quality of whole-plant mulberry silage to varying extents through the modification of the associated bacterial community, with A and GA addition achieving the most efficient reductions in pH together with increases in lactic acid content and the suppression of undesirable bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Hao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Huaizhong Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Wei You
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Haijian Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Enliang Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Tang X, Liao C, Huang X, Chen C, Xu D, Chen C. Epiphytic microbiota source stimulates the fermentation profile and bacterial community of alfalfa-corn mixed silage. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1247254. [PMID: 38628434 PMCID: PMC11018978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The epiphytic microbiota source on plants plays a crucial role in the production of high-quality silage. To gain a better understanding of its contribution, the microbiota of alfalfa (M1C0), corn (M0C1) and the resulting mixture (M1C1) was applied in alfalfa-corn mixed silage production system. M1C0 decreased ammonia-N levels in terms of total nitrogen (57.59-118.23 g/kg TN) and pH (3.59-4.40) values (p < 0.01), which increased lactic acid (33.73-61.89 g/kg DM) content (p < 0.01). Consequently, this resulted in higher residual water-soluble carbohydrate (29.13-41.76 g/kg DM) and crude protein (152.54-167.91 g/kg DM) contents, as well as lower NDF (427.27 g/kg DM) and ADF (269.53 g/kg DM) contents in the silage compared to M1C1- and M0C1-treated samples. Moreover, M1C0 silage showed significantly higher bacterial alpha diversity indices (p < 0.05), including the number of observed species and Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices, at the later stages of ensiling. Lactobacillus, Kosakonia and Enterobacter were the dominant bacterial species in silages, with a relative abundance of >80%. However, the abundance of Lactobacillus amylovorus in M0C1- and M1C1-treated silage increased (p < 0.01) in the late stages of ensiling. These findings confirmed that the epiphytic microbiota source exerts competitive effects during anaerobic storage of alfalfa-corn mixed silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chaosheng Liao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaokang Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Duhan Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Lu G, Huang X, Li L, Chen C, Li P. Effects of ambient temperature and available sugar on bacterial community of Pennisetum sinese leaf: An in vitro study. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1072666. [PMID: 36687585 PMCID: PMC9853076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1072666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present in vitro study investigated the effects of temperature and available sugar on the bacterial community of Pennisetum sinese leaf during fermentation. P. sinese leaves were cultured in MRS broth containing 0.4 and 1.6 g sugar and incubated at 25°C and 45°C for 9, 18, and 36 h. The results showed that the dominant phyla during sugar fermentation were Firmicutes, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Compared to a low incubation temperature (25°C), a high incubation temperature (45°C) decreased the relative abundances of Exiguobacterium and Acinetobacter and increased those of Bacillus and Paenibacillus. Leaf samples incubated at 25°C showed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices than those incubated at 45°C. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the bacterial community structure was altered by the high incubation temperature. Sugar concentration of 1.6 g/50 ml increased the relative abundances of Bacillus and Klebsiella but decreased those of Paenibacillus and Serratia as compared to sugar concentration of 0.4 g/50 ml. pH was the primary factor that influenced the succession of bacterial communities during sugar fermentation in P. sinese leaves. In conclusion, ambient temperatures (25°C and 45°C) and high sugar concentration restructured the bacterial communities on P. sinese leaves by facilitating the dominance of Bacillus and Paenibacillus. This study provided insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial communities on P. sinese leaves are enriched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrou Lu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaokang Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Ping Li,
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Zhong H, Zhou J, Wang F, Wu W, Xiong H, Yin H, Li X. Isolation and identification of ligninolytic bacterium ( Bacillus cereus) from buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) rumen and its effects on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, and bacterial community of rape silage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1103652. [PMID: 37143543 PMCID: PMC10153755 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify a ligninolytic bacterium from the rumen of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and investigate its effects as a silage additive for whole-plant rape. Three lignin-degradation strains were isolated from the buffalo rumen, with AH7-7 being chosen for further experiments. Strain AH7-7, with acid tolerance and a 51.4% survival rate at pH 4, was identified as Bacillus cereus. It exhibited a lignin-degradation rate of 20.5% after being inoculated in a lignin-degrading medium for 8 days. We divided the rape into four groups according to the various additive compositions to examine the fermentation quality, nutritional value, and bacterial community after ensiling: Bc group (inoculated with B. cereus AH7-7 3.0 × 106 CFU g FW-1), Blac group (inoculated with B. cereus AH7-7 1.0 × 106 CFU g FW-1, L. plantarum 1.0 × 106 CFU g FW-1, and L. buchneri 1.0 × 106 CFU g FW-1), Lac group (inoculated with L. plantarum 1.5 × 106 CFU g FW-1 and L. buchneri 1.5 × 106 CFU g FW-1), and Ctrl group (no additives). After 60 days of fermentation, the application of B. cereus AH7-7 was potent in modulating the fermentation quality of silage, especially when combined with L. plantarum and L. buchneri, as indicated by lower dry matter loss and higher contents of crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrate, and lactic acid. Furthermore, treatments with the B. cereus AH7-7 additive decreased the contents of acid detergent lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The B. cereus AH7-7 additive treatments reduced the bacterial diversity and optimized the bacterial community compositions of silage, with an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus and a decrease in the relative abundance of undesirable Pantoea and Erwinia. Functional prediction revealed that inoculation with B. cereus AH7-7 could increase the cofactors and vitamins metabolism, amino acid metabolism, translation, replication and repair, and nucleotide metabolism, while decreasing the carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and energy metabolism. In brief, B. cereus AH7-7 improved the microbial community, fermentation activity, and ultimately the quality of silage. The ensiling with B. cereus AH7-7, L. plantarum, and L. buchneri combination is an effective and practical strategy to improve the fermentation and nutrition preservation of rape silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiqian Xiong
- Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Huaihui Yin
- Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shennongjia Science and Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shennongjia, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Li
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Xie H, Peng L, Li M, Guo Y, Liang X, Peng K, Yang C. Effects of mixed sugarcane tops and napiergrass silages on fermentative quality, nutritional value, and milk yield in water buffaloes. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13824. [PMID: 36908208 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sugarcane tops (STs) and napiergrass (NG) silage on fermentative quality, nutritional value and milk yield in water buffaloes. Silage were prepared either conventionally without ST (C) or mixed with 25% (S1), 50% (S2), and 75% (S3) ST based on fresh matter. Twenty-eight lactating buffaloes were divided into four groups with seven replicates and fed four experimental diets containing the corresponding silages. The S3 silage fermented well with a higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid content and lower (P < 0.05) pH and ammonia-N level than those of other mixed silage. Silage with increasing ST proportions showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, organic matter, and gross energy. As a result, water buffalo fed S3 silage increased dry matter intake (P < 0.05) and tended to have higher milk yield and feed efficiency as compared with the C group. Our study indicates that adding ST improves NG silage fermentation and enhances the nutrient digestibility and milk production in water buffaloes, and mixing ratio of 25%NG and 75%ST had the highest lactate fermentation quality and presented a high feed value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huade Xie
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yanxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Guo X, Xu D, Li F, Bai J, Su R. Current approaches on the roles of lactic acid bacteria in crop silage. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:67-87. [PMID: 36468295 PMCID: PMC9803335 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play pivotal roles in the preservation and fermentation of forage crops in spontaneous or inoculated silages. Highlights of silage LAB over the past decades include the discovery of the roles of LAB in silage bacterial communities and metabolism and the exploration of functional properties. The present article reviews published literature on the effects of LAB on the succession, structure, and functions of silage microbial communities involved in fermentation. Furthermore, the utility of functional LAB in silage preparation including feruloyl esterase-producing LAB, antimicrobial LAB, lactic acid bacteria with high antioxidant potential, pesticide-degrading LAB, lactic acid bacteria producing 1,2-propanediol, and low-temperature-tolerant LAB have been described. Compared with conventional LAB, functional LAB produce different effects; specifically, they positively affect animal performance, health, and product quality, among others. In addition, the metabolic profiles of ensiled forages show that plentiful probiotic metabolites with but not limited to antimicrobial, antioxidant, aromatic, and anti-inflammatory properties are observed in silage. Collectively, the current knowledge on the roles of LAB in crop silage indicates there are great opportunities to develop silage not only as a fermented feed but also as a vehicle of delivery of probiotic substances for animal health and welfare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Guo
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Xu
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Fuhou Li
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Rina Su
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Song J, Chen H, Zhang X, Liu C. Dynamics of microbial communities of fresh broad bean pods and screening of biological preservatives. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Effects of Different Additives on Fermentation Quality, Microbial Communities, and Rumen Degradation of Alfalfa Silage. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of different additives on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, microbial communities, and rumen degradation of ensiled alfalfa. Six treatments were employed in which additives were applied to alfalfa on a fresh weight basis: CK (no additive), FA (0.6% formic acid), CaO (3% calcium oxide and 3% urea), LB (1 × 106 cfu/g Lentilactobacillus buchneri), GLB (2% glucose and 1 × 106 cfu/g L. buchneri), and FLB (2% fucoidan and 1 × 106 cfu/g L. buchneri). After 60 days of ensiling, all treatments altered the bacterial communities, improved the fermentation quality, reduced dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) losses, and enhanced the rumen degradation of nutrients. The addition of LB increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05), whereas GLB reduced (p < 0.05) the NH3-N:TN ratio and elevated (p < 0.05) the concentrations of Lactobacillus and lactic acid content. The FA treatment reduced (p < 0.05) the pH, as well as the DM and CP degradations, while the CaO treatment increased the degradations of DM, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber. We concluded that FA, LB, GLB, and FLB had beneficial effects on alfalfa fermentation, and that CaO increased alfalfa silage rumen degradation.
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Li M, Yu Q, Xu J, Sun H, Cheng Q, Xie Y, Wang C, Li P, Chen C, Zheng Y. Effect of different organic acid additives on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of paper mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera) silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1038549. [PMID: 36386675 PMCID: PMC9665874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1038549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different organic acid additives and their concentrations on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of paper mulberry silage, paper mulberry was left untreated (control) or was treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), propionic acid (PA) or citric acid (CA), the amount of each additive was 2 g.kg-1 FM, 5 g.kg-1 FM and g.kg-1 FM. All groups were ensiled for 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Compared to the control, adding EDTA reduced protein breakdown, preserved more water-soluble carbohydrates of the silages (WSCs, 24.74 g.kg-1 DM), and high concentrations of EDTA inhibited the activity of undesirable microorganisms. Adding PA increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and decreased the abundance of Enterococcus, and it caused a rapid decrease in the pH of the silage at an early stage (from 6.50 to 5.31) while altering the microbiota, and low concentrations of PA resulted in high LA (66.22 g.kg-1 DM) concentration and low PA (9.92 g.kg-1 DM) concentration at 60 days of ensiling. Different concentrations of additives altered the microbial community of paper mulberry to different degrees. High concentrations of PA and CA can increase the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus. High concentrations of CA resulted in a rapid decrease in silage pH at an early stage and higher WSC concentration. These results suggest that EDTA, PA and CA can be used as additives to improve the quality of paper mulberry silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Liao C, Tang X, Li M, Lu G, Huang X, Li L, Zhang M, Xie Y, Chen C, Li P. Effect of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and their mixture on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community of cellulase-treated Pennisetum sinese silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1047072. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1047072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a mixture of the two on the cellulose degradation and microbial community of cellulase-treated Pennisetum sinese (CTPS) during biological pretreatment. The CTPS was stored without additives (CK) or with L. buchneri (L), yeast (Y, S. cerevisiae), and their mixture (LY) under anaerobic conditions for 60 days. All inoculants enhanced the anaerobic fermentation of CTPS. In relative to L, inoculations with Y and LY decreased the cellulose level of fermented-CTPS by 8.90 ~ 17.13%. Inoculation with L inhibited the growth of Weissella cibaria during anaerobic storage. However, inoculations with LY increased the relative abundance of the homofermentative bacterium Lactiplantibacillus plantarum by 6.04%. Therefore, inoculating S. cerevisiae reduced the adverse effects of L. buchneri-stimulated fermentation on cellulose degradation by altering the bacterial community during anaerobic storage of P. sinese. This work provides a new insight for the subsequent anaerobic digestion of P. sinese.
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Effect of Storage Period on the Fermentation Profile and Bacterial Community of Silage Prepared with Alfalfa, Whole-Plant Corn and Their Mixture. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of storage time on the bacterial community and fermentation profile of silage prepared with alfalfa, whole-plant corn, and their mixture. Fresh alfalfa and whole-plant corn were chopped and combined in fresh weight ratios of 1:0 (alfalfa, control), 0.8:0.2 (M1), 0.6:0.4 (M2), and 0:1 (corn). Three silos of each treatment were analyzed after 30, 60, and 90 d of storage. With storage time, pH, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen levels increased in alfalfa silage (p < 0.01), whereas lactic acid level decreased (p < 0.01). Compared to alfalfa silage, M1, M2, and corn silages were better fermented and more stable during storage. The dominant bacteria in M1, M2, and corn silages shifted significantly from L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and L. brevis to L. acetotolerans and L. buchneri during 30 to 60–90 d of storage, and storage time decreased the bacterial diversity of these silages. In conclusion, storage time significantly decreased the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage and remarkably optimized the bacterial community structure of well-fermented M1, M2, and corn silages. Alfalfa should be ensiled with at least 20% whole-plant corn to improve silage fermentation quality and storage stability.
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Mixed Fermentation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bacillus licheniformis Changed the Chemical Composition, Bacterial Community, and Rumen Degradation Rate of Tea Residue. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea residue, as a byproduct in tea processing, is highly nutritious and can be used as a good raw material for ruminant feed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) mixed fermentation of tea residue mixture (tea residue:wheat bran, 7:3) on chemical composition, bacterial community, and rumen degradation rate. Changes in chemical composition and bacterial community were evaluated after 0 (F0), 1 (F1), 3 (F3), and 5 (F5) days of fermentation. The rumen degradation rate was studied by the in situ nylon bag method. Compared with group F0, acid soluble protein in other groups increased while pH and neutral detergent fiber decreased (p < 0.05). The group F5 was the best. The diversity of bacterial communities in group F0 was significantly lower than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and the genus Lactobacillus increased with increasing fermentation time. The rumen degradation rates of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were increased after fermentation. In conclusion, mixed fermentation of tea residue by L. plantarum and B. licheniformis can ameliorate chemical composition, reduce bacterial community diversity, and improve the rumen degradation rate.
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13
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Ensiling with rumen fluid promoted Irpex lacteus colonization on the non-sterile naked oat straw for enhanced lignocellulose degradation and enzymatic hydrolysis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Yurgel SN, Nadeem M, Cheema M. Microbial Consortium Associated with Crustacean Shells Composting. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1033. [PMID: 35630475 PMCID: PMC9145653 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil microbes play an essential role in the biodegradation of crustacean shells, which is the process of sustainable bioconversion to chitin derivatives ultimately resulting in the promotion of plant growth properties. While a number of microorganisms with chitinolytic properties have been characterized, little is known about the microbial taxa that participate in this process either by active chitin degradation or by facilitation of this activity through nutritional cooperation and composting with the chitinolytic microorganisms. In this study, we evaluated the transformation of the soil microbiome triggered by close approximation to the green crab shell surface. Our data indicate that the microbial community associated with green crab shell matter undergoes significant specialized changes, which was reflected in a decreased fungal and bacterial Shannon diversity and evenness and in a dramatic alteration in the community composition. The relative abundance of several bacterial and fungal genera including bacteria Flavobacterium, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, and Sanguibacter and fungi Mortierella, Mycochlamys, and Talaromyces were increased with approximation to the shell surface. Association with the shell triggered significant changes in microbial cooperation that incorporate microorganisms that were previously reported to be involved in chitin degradation as well as ones with no reported chitinolytic activity. Our study indicates that the biodegradation of crab shells in soil incorporates a consortium of microorganisms that might provide a more efficient way for bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Yurgel
- USDA-ARS, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (M.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (M.N.); (M.C.)
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15
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Effect of Bacillus Additives on Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community during the Ensiling Process of Whole-Plant Corn Silage. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complex Bacillus subtilis additive on the fermentation quality and bacterial community during the ensiling process of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS). The pH values of WPCS treated with the B. subtilis inoculant decreased faster than those of the control without inoculant, and significantly higher contents of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) were observed. After 45 days of ensiling, the LA contents reached 7.95% (w/w). In the treatment group, the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents decreased significantly compared to the control, and the degradation rates of the NDF and ADF were 26.52% and 27.34% after 45 days, respectively. The deoxynivalenol (DON) content in the treatment group decreased to 205.67 μg/kg, which was significantly lower than the content of 382.51 μg/kg in the control group. The results indicated the positive effect of the B. subtilis inoculant in improving WPCS fermentation, especially in terms of degrading linocellulose and removing DON. The analysis of the bacterial community indicated that the B. subtilis inoculant resulted in an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, which contributed to the enhancement of LA production. The increased abundance of Bacillus possibly played a role in the degradation of NDF and ADF and the reduction in DON. Therefore, the complex B. subtilis additive could be used for the production of high-quality WPCS.
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16
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Effects of Microbial Inoculants on Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Paper Mulberry Silages Prepared with Molasses or Cellulase. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L.) is an unconventional forage with high crude protein content and is widely used in China. In order to evaluate the pattern of fermentation quality and the aerobic stability when inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, laboratory-scale silage was prepared. The experimental groups included a control group (CK), a Lactobacillus plantarum ‘LC365283’ (selected from paper mulberry silage) treatment (L1), a commercial inoculant Lactobacillus plantarum treatment (GF), a commercial inoculant Lactobacillus buchneri treatment (FR), a 3% molasses treatment (MO), a 150 U/g cellulase treatment (CE), and their combinations (MO + L1, MO + GF, MO + FR, CE + L1, CE + GF, and CE + FR). The changes in bacterial community and composition of the fermentation products were evaluated after being ensiled for 30 days and unsealed for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Compared with the CK, MO and CE, the silages treated with L1, MO + L1, and CE + L1 showed higher lactic acid concentrations, lower pH values, and lower ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p < 0.05). During the first 3 days of aerobic exposure, the pH values and organic acid content changed slightly in all treatments. The present study suggests that addition of L1 was better than commercial inoculum, and the paper mulberry silages could be well preserved after being unsealed for 3 days.
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17
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Li P, Zhao W, Yan L, Chen L, Chen Y, Gou W, You M, Cheng Q, Chen C. Inclusion of abandoned rhubarb stalk enhanced anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126347. [PMID: 34808318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculant (LI) and abandoned rhubarb stalk (RS) on the anaerobic fermentation and bacterial community of alfalfa on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, the alfalfa was harvested and ensiled without (control) or with LI and RS at ambient temperature (5 ∼ 15℃) for 90 days. Addition of RS at ensiling increased (P < 0.05) lactate, acetate and propionate contents, and decreased (P < 0.05) the final pH value as compared with control. Addition of RS increased (P < 0.05) the bacterial alpha diversity indices, while inherent Lactococcus lactis and/or Lactobacillus sakei dominated the anaerobic fermentation. In particular, addition of RS restricted the growth of yeasts and Lactobacillales at the early stage of ensiling, but continuously stimulated anaerobic fermentation. These indicates that RS could be used as additive to facilitate anaerobic fermentation of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China; Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, PR China
| | - Wenji Zhao
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, PR China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, PR China
| | - Liangyin Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China; Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, PR China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Wenlong Gou
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, PR China
| | - Minghong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, PR China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China.
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18
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Bai C, Pan G, Leng R, Ni W, Yang J, Sun J, Yu Z, Liu Z, Xue Y. Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass Silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828320. [PMID: 35250945 PMCID: PMC8895230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and nitrate content of sorghum-sudangrass silage with two ensiling densities [550 kg fresh weight (FW)/m3 (low density, LD) and 650 kg FW/m3 (high density, HD)] stored at two temperatures [10°C (low temperature, LT) and 25°C (normal temperature, NT)] for 60 days. The fermentation parameters, microbial counts, bacterial community, nutritional composition, and nitrate and nitrite levels were assessed. The pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) in all silages were below 4.0 and 80 g/kg total N, respectively. Compared with LT treatments, NT treatments had lower pH and lactic acid (LA) bacteria and yeasts counts and contained higher LA and LA/acetic acid (LA/AA) (p < 0.05). The LT-LD contained more ammonia-N than LT-HD (p < 0.05) and had higher nitrate and lower nitrate degradation than other treatments (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus was the most dominant genus with all treatments (57.2-66.9%). The LA, LA/AA, and abundances of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter in the silage negatively correlated with nitrate concentration and positively correlated with nitrate degradation (p < 0.05). Moreover, pH and ammonia-N were positively correlated with nitrate concentration and negatively correlated with nitrate degradation (p < 0.05). Overall, all silage had satisfactory fermentation quality, and the silage with HD and NT had better fermentation quality and higher nitrate degradation. The bacterial communities in all silages were dominated by Lactobacillus. The nitrate degradation during the fermentation process might be related to the fermentation quality and the activity of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter in silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Bai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Pan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruoxuan Leng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenhua Ni
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiyun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Sun
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Sihai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Baochang, China
| | - Yanlin Xue
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, China
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19
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Yuan X, Yang X, Wang W, Li J, Dong Z, Zhao J, Shao T. The effects of natamycin and hexanoic acid on the bacterial community, mycotoxins concentrations, fermentation profiles, and aerobic stability of high moisture whole-crop corn silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Yin H, Zhong Y, Wang H, Hu J, Xia S, Xiao Y, Nie S, Xie M. Short-term exposure to high relative humidity increases blood urea and influences colonic urea-nitrogen metabolism by altering the gut microbiota. J Adv Res 2022; 35:153-168. [PMID: 35003799 PMCID: PMC8721250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma urea was increased along with erythrocyte Na+/K+ -ATPase activity reduced and abnormal erythrocyte morphologies appeared during 14-day high relative humidity (90 ± 2%) exposure. Shortly after 12-h and 24-h exposures, urea influx and ammonia level were increased in the colon of mice, respectively. Colonic urea-nitrogen metabolism was influenced by the increased levels of ammonia, amino acids and short-chain fatty acids during 14-day exposure. Gut bacteria related to urease production, amino acids metabolism and SCFAs production was enriched during the exposure.
Introduction Colonic urea-nitrogen metabolites have been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain diseases which can be affected by environmental factors. Objectives We aimed to explore the influence of ambient humidity on colonic urea-nitrogen metabolism. Methods Blood biochemical indexes, metabolites of intestinal tract, and gut microbiota composition of mice (n = 10/group) exposed to high relative humidity (RH, 90 ± 2%) were analyzed during the 14-day exposure. Results After 12-h exposure, plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level increased along with a decrease in the activity of erythrocyte Na+/K+ -ATPase. Moreover, abnormal erythrocyte morphologies appeared after 3 days of exposure. The colonic BUN and ammonia levels increased significantly after the 12-h and 24-h exposure, respectively. The colonic level of amino acids, partly synthesized by gut microbiota using ammonia as the nitrogen source, was significantly higher on the 7th day. Furthermore, the level of fecal short-chain fatty acids was significantly higher after 3-day exposure and the level of branched-chain fatty acids increased on the 14th day. Overall, gut microbiota composition was continuously altered during exposure, facilitating the preferential proliferation of urea-nitrogen metabolism bacteria. Conclusion Our findings suggest that short-term high RH exposure influences colonic urea-nitrogen metabolism by increasing the influx of colonic urea and altering gut microbiota, which might further impact the host health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shengkun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuandong Xiao
- The College of National Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.,National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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21
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Huang Y, Liang L, Dai S, Wu C, Chen C, Hao J. Effect of Different Regions and Ensiling Periods on Fermentation Quality and the Bacterial Community of Whole-Plant Maize Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:743695. [PMID: 34858363 PMCID: PMC8631331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the changes in the microbial community on the silage material surface and during the ensiling process of whole-plant maize in different regions. Whole-plant maize silages were sampled in Ziyun, Guanling, and Weinning counties within warm and humid climate areas in southern China. Silages were sampled at 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 45 days during ensiling. The nutritional components, fermentation properties, and microbiomes were examined to evaluate the influence of sampling area and fermentation time on the quality of silage. The results showed that the pH values of all silages significantly decreased (<4.2 at ensiling day 2) during fermentation and all silages achieved satisfactory fermentation at 45 days. Butyric acid was not detected during ensiling, and the contents of acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen in the final silages were below 6 g/kg DM and 50 g/kg total nitrogen, respectively. Weissella was the dominant epiphytic bacteria of raw material in Ziyun and Weinning, while Lactobacillus was prevalent in Guanling. Lactobacillus dominated the ensiling process, and its abundance significantly increased with increasing fermentation time in the three groups. Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with pH of all silages (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with lactic acid, propionic acid and acetic acid (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the bacterial community was significantly correlated with environmental factors. Altitude had a highly positive correlation with the abundance of Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Massilia (p < 0.01), while precipitation was negatively correlated with these bacteria. The humidity and average temperature significantly influenced the Lactobacillus and Weissella abundances of fresh whole-plant maize. During the ensiling process, the silages from three regions had similar bacterial dynamic changes, and the Lactobacillus formed and maintained good fermentation characteristics in whole-plant maize silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Longfei Liang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changrong Wu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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22
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Chen J, Huang G, Xiong H, Qin H, Zhang H, Sun Y, Dong X, Lei Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Z. Effects of Mixing Garlic Skin on Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community of High-Moisture Pennisetum hydridum Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:770591. [PMID: 34819925 PMCID: PMC8606783 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.770591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic skin, a by-product of garlic processing, was supposed to improve the fermentation quality of high-moisture silages because of its low moisture content and active compounds. Thus, fermentation and microbial characteristics of high-moisture Pennisetum hydridum ensiled with the addition of 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt% garlic skin (on a fresh matter basis) were analyzed during a 60-days fermentation. Results showed that the addition of garlic skin increased the dry matter content and lactic acid production, and decreased the pH and ammonia-N content of the silage. Adding garlic skin changed the relative abundance of bacterial communities with an increase in Lactobacillus and a decrease in Clostridium relative abundance. In conclusion, co-ensiling of high-moisture Pennisetum hydridum with garlic skin could be a simple approach to improve the silage quality and nutrients preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanlin Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yawang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianwen Dong
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
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Zi X, Li M, Yu D, Tang J, Zhou H, Chen Y. Natural Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community of 12 Pennisetum sinese Varieties in Southern China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:627820. [PMID: 33995292 PMCID: PMC8116707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.627820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the fermentation quality of 12 varieties of Pennisetum sinese grown in different regions of Southern China. Following the production of silage from the natural fermentation of P. sinese, the interplay between the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, environmental factors, and microbiome was examined to understand the influence of these factors on the fermentation quality of silage. The silage quality produced by most of the P. sinese was low; the pH value of the silage was high (4.26–4.86), whilst the lactic acid content was low (10.7–24.1 g/kg DM), with V-scores between 57.9 and 78.3. The bacterial alpha diversities of the 12 P. sinese silages were distinct. There was a predominance of undesirable bacteria (Pseudomonas, Massilia, and Raoultella), which likely caused the poor fermentation quality. The chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the silage were closely correlated with the composition of the bacterial community. Furthermore, environmental factors (precipitation, temperature, humidity, location) were found to significantly influence the microbiome of the silage. The results confirmed that silage produced from the natural fermentation of 12 different P. sinese varieties had significant variation in their bacterial communities. The difference in environmental factors, due to the P. sinese being grown in various locations across south china, greatly affected the bacterial community found in the silage and thus the fermentation quality. The specific cultivar used for the silage and the environment in which the cultivar is grown must therefore be considered before the initiation of production of silage in order to ensure a higher quality product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
| | - Mao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China.,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Daogeng Yu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Yeyuan Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
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24
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Sun R, Yuan X, Li J, Tao X, Dong Z, Shao T. Contributions of epiphytic microbiota on the fermentation characteristics and microbial composition of ensiled six whole crop corn varieties. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1683-1694. [PMID: 33710709 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study is aimed to reveal the variations in epiphytic microbial composition among six whole crop corn (WCC) varieties and their contributions on ensiling characteristics and microbial composition of WCC silage. METHODS AND RESULTS Six WCC varieties (JS06, YS23, BS20, JS39, JS40 and JS26) were ensiled for 90 days. All WCC varieties were well fermented with low pH value (<4·0) and high LA (73·6-124 g kg-1 DM, dry matter) concentration. Of six varieties, JS40 had the highest LA (124 g kg-1 DM) concentration, which was supported by highest relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Pantoea was the most dominant epiphytic bacteria in all fresh WCC varieties; however, the secondary dominant genera among six WCC were absolutely difference. Lactobacillus became predominant genus in 90-day silages except YS23. YS23 kept the more bacterial genus from fresh to 90-day silages than other silages, meanwhile Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were the dominant bacteria in YS23 silages. CONCLUSIONS Among six WCC varieties, JS40 silage had the highest LA. The variations in epiphytic microbiomes among fresh WCC affected terminal microbial community of 90-day silages. There were differences in fermentation characteristics among six WCC varieties, which might be partly attributed to variations in epiphytic microbiomes among fresh WCC. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study not only enriches the research on microbial communities of plant phyllosphere but also provides theoretical basis for selecting WCC varieties and inoculants for the forage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sun
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Tao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Zi X, Li M, Chen Y, Lv R, Zhou H, Tang J. Effects of Citric Acid and Lactobacillus plantarum on Silage Quality and Bacterial Diversity of King Grass Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631096. [PMID: 33717021 PMCID: PMC7953137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the mechanism underlying the citric acid (CA)-regulated silage fermentation, we investigated the bacterial community and fermentation quality of king grass (KG) ensiled without (CK) or with Lactobacillus plantarum (L), CA and the combination of L and CA (CAL). The bacterial community was characterized by using the 16Sr DNA sequencing technology. The L and CA treatments altered the silage bacterial community of KG, showing reduced bacterial diversity, while the abundance of desirable genus Lactobacillus was increased, and the abundances of undesirable genus Dysgonomonas and Pseudomonas were decreased. The additives also significantly raised the lactic acid content, dropped the pH, and reduced the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and ammonia-N in ensiled KG (P < 0.01). Besides, the combination treatment was more effective on silage fermentation with the highest pH and lactic acid content, while the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and ammonia-N were the lowest (P < 0.01). Moreover, CAL treatment exerted a notable influence on the bacterial community, with the lowest operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and highest abundance of Lactobacillus. Furthermore, the bacterial community was significantly correlated with fermentation characteristics. These results proved that L and CA enhanced the KG silage quality, and the combination had a beneficial synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
| | - Mao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China.,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Yeyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China.,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
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26
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Muraro GB, de Almeida Carvalho-Estrada P, de Oliveira Pasetti MH, Santos MC, Nussio LG. Bacterial dynamics of sugarcane silage in the tropics. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5979-5991. [PMID: 33587777 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the bacterial community in sugarcane silage, in distinct soil types along the storage period. We depicted the bacterial community associated with sugarcane, before and after ensiling, through a massive sequencing of the gene 16S rRNA using MiSeq platform. The ensilage process shifted the composition of the bacterial community from the heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc to bacteria belonging to the genera Acinetobacter, Ralstonia and Novosphingobium. However, this shift did not convey statically significant differences in alfa diversity metrics. In addition, similarity percentage analysis showed that the bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units that were primarily responsible for the observed differences were Leuconostoc, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Ralstonia, Fructobacillus, Novosphingobium, Lactobacillus, Burkholderia and Clostridium sensu stricto 1. The storage period was the most important factor responsible for changes in the bacterial community of silages. Results confirmed that the type of soil did not influence the dissimilarity found among samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Bonato Muraro
- Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mateus Castilho Santos
- Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil.,Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, 74923-090, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Nussio
- Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
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27
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Yang F, Zhao S, Wang Y, Fan X, Wang Y, Feng C. Assessment of Bacterial Community Composition and Dynamics in Alfalfa Silages With and Without Lactobacillus plantarum Inoculation Using Absolute Quantification 16S rRNA Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:629894. [PMID: 33584594 PMCID: PMC7874219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.629894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative quantification 16S-seq (RQS) has drawn deeper insights into bacterial community compositions in silage. However, it provides no information on dynamics of the total amount of bacterial DNA through the ensiling process and across different treatments. In this study, bacterial compositions in alfalfa silage with and without Lactobacillus plantarum inoculation after 10 and 60days of ensiling were investigated using absolute quantification 16S-seq (AQS), and bacterial composition and its interaction with fermentation properties of silage indicated by AQS and RQS were compared. Variation in total bacterial DNA amounts across different treatments and ensiling periods was illustrated by AQS. AQS indicated higher bacterial richness indices and closer correlations of these indices with fermentation properties than RQS via spearman's correlation analyses, as well as more taxa with significance on bacterial abundance via lefse analyses. In conclusion, AQS effectively illustrated the dynamics of bacterial communities during the ensiling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomiao Fan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changsong Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Jiang FG, Cheng HJ, Liu D, Wei C, An WJ, Wang YF, Sun HT, Song EL. Treatment of Whole-Plant Corn Silage With Lactic Acid Bacteria and Organic Acid Enhances Quality by Elevating Acid Content, Reducing pH, and Inhibiting Undesirable Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593088. [PMID: 33343533 PMCID: PMC7746776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the variation in microbial community and fermentation characteristics of whole-plant corn silage after treatment with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and organic acids. The fresh corn forages were treated with a combination of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum (106 CFU/g fresh material) or a 7:1:2 ratio of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid (6 mL/g fresh material) followed by 45 or 90 days of ensiling. Silages treated with LAB showed increased lactic acid content and decreased pH after 45 days. Although treatment with LAB or organic acids decreased the common and unique operational taxonomic units, indicating a reduction in microbial diversity, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was elevated after 45 and 90 days compared with control, which was more distinct in the organic acid groups. Moreover, we found higher levels of acetic acid and increased abundance of Acetobacter in silages treated with organic acids whereas undesirable microorganisms such as Klebsiella, Paenibacillus, and Enterobacter were reduced. In summary, the quality of corn silages was improved by LAB or organic acid treatment in which LAB more effectively enhanced lactic acid content and reduced pH while organic acid inhibited the growth of undesirable microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Gui Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Jian Cheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Shandong Provincial General Station of Animal Husbandry, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Juan An
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Tao Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China
| | - En-Liang Song
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Bai J, Xu D, Xie D, Wang M, Li Z, Guo X. Effects of antibacterial peptide-producing Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus buchneri on fermentation, aerobic stability, and microbial community of alfalfa silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123881. [PMID: 32731157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of antibacterial peptide-producing Bacillus subtilis (BS), Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), or their combination on fermentation, proteolysis, aerobic stability, and microbial communities during ensiling and aerobic exposure phases of alfalfa silage. The results showed that the BS-treated silage displayed a higher lactic acid concentration, less proteolysis, and higher aerobic stability than those in the control silage. Both LB and BS treatments increased Lactobacillus and Ascochyta abundance, and decreased Enterococcus and Sporormiacea abundance after 60 d of fermentation. LB and BS also inhibited the growth of Enterococcus after 3 d of aerobic exposure but similar to the control silage, the fungal community of BS silage was dominated by Candida and Pichia after 9 d of aerobic exposure. Therefore, inoculation of BS improved silage fermentation quality, aerobic stability and bacterial community during ensiling and after 3 d of aerobic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Musen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ziqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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30
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Chen L, Qu H, Bai S, Yan L, You M, Gou W, Li P, Gao F. Effect of wet sea buckthorn pomace utilized as an additive on silage fermentation profile and bacterial community composition of alfalfa. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123773. [PMID: 32645569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To effectively preserve nutrients, alfalfa silage was treated without (control) or with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and their mixture (LP + SBP). Results showed that SBP decreased (P < 0.05) final pH value and ammonia-N of total N, increased (P < 0.05) lactic, acetic and propionic acid contents, resulting in more residual water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents and less fiber content in relative to control. Moreover, SBP decreased (P < 0.05) the number of observed species, richness index of ACE and diversity index of Shannon at early stage of ensiling, while Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, and/or Lactobacillus brevis dominated in silages. In particular, LP + SBP enhanced the growth of Lactococcus lactic at early stage and Lactobacillus plantarum at late stage of ensiling, resulting in higher lactic and acetic acid contents and lower propionic acid content as compared with LP. These confirmed that SBP could be used as an additive for improving silage quality of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyin Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Hui Qu
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Minghong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Wenlong Gou
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Ping Li
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China.
| | - Fengqin Gao
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China.
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31
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Wang T, Teng K, Cao Y, Shi W, Xuan Z, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhong J. Effects of Lactobacillus hilgardii 60TS-2, with or without homofermentative Lactobacillus plantarum B90, on the aerobic stability, fermentation quality and microbial community dynamics in sugarcane top silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123600. [PMID: 32531735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus hilgardii (LH), alone or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), on the aerobic stability, fermentation quality and dynamics of the bacterial and fungal communities of sugarcane top silage. Results demonstrated that LH and LHLP (LH combined with LP) improved the aerobic stability of sugarcane top silages. As the exposure time increased, the pH values and the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, as well as propionic acid remained stable in silage treated with LH and LHLP. The abundance of L. hilgardii was enriched and the undesirable microorganisms, such as Acetobacter pasteurianus, Paenibacillus amylolyticus and yeasts like Kazachstania humilis, were suppressed in silages treated with LH and LHLP. In conclusion, LH-treated silage, whether with LP or not, positively impacted the fungal and bacterial microbes. This improved the quality of fermentation, the aerobic stability, and reduced aerobic spoilage in sugarcane top silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kunling Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Weixiong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zeyi Xuan
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- Guilin Animal Husbandry Station, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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32
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Dong L, Zhang H, Gao Y, Diao Q. Dynamic profiles of fermentation characteristics and bacterial community composition of Broussonetia papyrifera ensiled with perennial ryegrass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123396. [PMID: 32388351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) has been proposed to improve silage fermentation due to its high content of protein and abundant active plant extracts. Thus, dynamic profiles of fermentation quality and bacterial community of B. papyrifera mixing with perennial ryegrass in different ratios: 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 were examined during 60-d fermentation. Results showed that adding perennial ryegrass increased soluble carbohydrate content and lactic acid production in silage and decreased pH and population of epiphytic microorganisms. Adding ryegrass exerted a remarkable effect on the silage bacterial community with a dramatic decrease in the abundance of Enterobacter. Spearman's rank correlation showed that silage lactic acid concentration was positively correlated with Lactobacillus and Stenotrophomonas abundance, while ammonia nitrogen concentration was positively correlated with the abundance of Enterobacter. In conclusion, B. papyrifera ensiled with perennial ryegrass could improve B. papyrifera silage quality and provide high-quality forage resources for sustainable ruminant livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Dong
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Sino-US Joint, Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yanhua Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, South Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Sino-US Joint, Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Beijing, China.
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33
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Lv H, Pian R, Xing Y, Zhou W, Yang F, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effects of citric acid on fermentation characteristics and bacterial diversity of Amomum villosum silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123290. [PMID: 32265091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of citric acid on fermentation process of Amomum villosum silage, A. villosum was ensiled without or with 1%, 2% citric acid and fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity were analyzed after 3, 7, 14, 30 days ensiling, respectively. Citric acid treated silages had lower dry matter loss (1.83% vs 2.23%), pH (3.84 vs 6.02), ammonia-N (0.33 vs 1.79 g/kg DM) and coliform bacteria number (<2.00 vs 7.27 log10 CFU/g FM) than the control after 30 days ensiling. The relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus increased, whereas undesirable microorganisms like Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella and Pantoea decreased in citric acid treated A. villosum silage. These results indicated that quality A. villosum silage could be obtained by citric acid addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Lv
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Pian
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Xing
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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34
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Sun H, Cui X, Stinner W, Zhang L, Ju X, Guo J, Dong R. Ensiling excessively wilted maize stover with biogas slurry: Effects on storage performance and subsequent biogas potential. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123042. [PMID: 32105847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ensiling performance of excessively wilted maize stover (EWMS) with biogas slurries and the effect on the subsequent biomethane potential. Chicken and pig manure biogas slurries with or without solid-liquid separation were used to amend the stover humidity before ensiling for 60 d. The hetero-lactic-acid fermentative bacteria Atopostipes and Lactobacillus were enriched by the biogas slurry regardless of the solid-liquid separation. Significant increases in the total organic-acid content were observed in silages with chicken (41%) and pig (15%) manure biogas slurries without solid-liquid separation, which was not the case for treatments with solid-liquid separation. During the ensiling process, more lignocellulose was degraded under the high buffer-capacity provided by the ammonia-nitrogen in the biogas slurry. An increase of 7.1%-9.6% was observed for the specific methane yieldmeasured, which offset a storage loss of 5.0%-7.3%. Ensiling EWMS with biogas slurry therefore provides a viable strategy for biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xian Cui
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Walter Stinner
- German Biomass Research Center, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; Sino-German Biomass Research Center Anhui, Hefei University, Jinxiu Dadao 99, 230601 Hefei, PR China
| | - Leping Zhang
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xinxin Ju
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264032, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264032, Shandong, PR China
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Wang Y, Chen X, Wang C, He L, Zhou W, Yang F, Zhang Q. The bacterial community and fermentation quality of mulberry (Morus alba) leaf silage with or without Lactobacillus casei and sucrose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122059. [PMID: 31476563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of adding Lactobacilluscasei (LC) and sucrose (S) on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of mulberry leaf silage, two kinds of mulberry leaves were harvested and ensiled with or without LC and S for 1, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, respectively. Silages treated with LC and S contained more lactic acid (4.46-10.54%DM) and less ammonia-N (0.03-0.13%DM), acetic acid (0.73-3.40%DM) and coliform bacteria (<2.30 log cfu/g FM) and had a lower pH (<4.40) compared with controls. In addition, microbial analysis revealed less diverse bacterial communities and greater abundances of Lactobacillus (52.89-81.27%) and Pseudomonas (2.21-5.21%) in the LC and S silages. Furthermore, the addition of LC and S also inhibited the growth of undesirable Enterobacter. In conclusion, the addition of both LC and S has the capability of improving the silage quality of mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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