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Hou J, Zhang Q, Tian F, Liu F, Jiang J, Qin J, Wang H, Wang J, Chang S, Hu X. Structure changes of lignin and their effects on enzymatic hydrolysis for bioethanol production: a focus on lignin modification. J Biotechnol 2024; 393:S0168-1656(24)00201-3. [PMID: 39067576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis contributes to obtaining fermentable sugars using pretreated lignocellulose materials for bioethanol generation. Unfortunately, the pretreatment of lignocellulose causes low substrate enzymatic hydrolysis, which is due to the structure changes of lignin to produce main phenolic by-products and non-productive cellulase adsorption. It is reported that modified lignin enhances the speed of enzymatic hydrolysis through single means to decrease the negative effects of fermentation inhibitors or non-productive cellulase adsorption. However, a suitable modified lignin should be selected to simultaneously reduce the fermentation inhibitors concentration and non-productive cellulase adsorption for saving resources and maximizing the enzymatic hydrolysis productivity. Meanwhile, the adsorption micro-mechanisms of modified lignin with fermentation inhibitors and cellulase remain elusive. In this review, different pretreatment effects toward lignin structure, and their impacts on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis are analyzed. The main modification methods for lignin are presented. Density functional theory is used to screen suitable modification methods for the simultaneous reduction of fermentation inhibitors and non-productive cellulase adsorption. Lignin-fermentation inhibitors and lignin-cellulase interaction mechanisms are discussed using different advanced analysis techniques. This article addresses the gap in previous reviews concerning the application of modified lignin in the enhancement of bioethanol production. For the first time, based on existing studies, this work posits the hypothesis of applying theoretical simulations to screen efficient modified lignin-based adsorbents, in order to achieve a dual optimization of the detoxification and saccharification processes. We aim to improve the integrated lignocellulose transformation procedure for the effective generation of cleaner bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Hou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuzhuo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.
| | - Fuxiang Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Fuwen Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jiaolong Qin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Huifeng Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Shufang Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
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Saratale RG, Ponnusamy VK, Piechota G, Igliński B, Shobana S, Park JH, Saratale GD, Shin HS, Banu JR, Kumar V, Kumar G. Green chemical and hybrid enzymatic pretreatments for lignocellulosic biorefineries: Mechanism and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129560. [PMID: 37517710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The greener chemical and enzymatic pretreatments for lignocellulosic biomasses are portraying a crucial role owing to their recalcitrant nature. Traditional pretreatments lead to partial degradation of lignin and hemicellulose moieties from the pretreated biomass. But it still restricts the enzyme accessibility for the digestibility towards the celluloses and the interaction of lignin-enzymes, nonproductively. Moreover, incursion of certain special chemical treatments and other lignin sulfonation techniques to the enzymatic pretreatment (hybrid enzymatic pretreatment) enhances the lignin structural modification, solubilization of the hemicelluloses and both saccharification and fermentation processes (SAF). This article concentrates on recent developments in various chemical and hybrid enzymatic pretreatments on biomass materials with their mode of activities. Furthermore, the issues on strategies of the existing pretreatments towards their industrial applications are highlighted, which could lead to innovative ideas to overcome the challenges and give guideline for the researchers towards the lignocellulosic biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung-807, Taiwan
| | - Grzegorz Piechota
- GPCHEM. Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, ul. Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Igliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - S Shobana
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, Van Lang School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur - 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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3
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Xiao K, Li H, Liu L, Liu X, Lian Y. Quantitative comparison of the delignification performance of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technologies for enzymatic saccharification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22929-22940. [PMID: 36307567 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatments for delignification are required for the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomasses. However, in the current literature, various pretreatment approaches have been applied for the same kinds of biomass. To find the optimum pretreatments for biomaterials containing various lignin contents, in this study, a quantitative comparison was carried out on the delignification performance of 15 categories of pretreatments. In total, 1729 sets of biomass, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin recovery data were collected from 214 relevant studies. Box plots and Cate-Nelson-like graphs were applied for analyses. The results showed that alkali, oxidation, organic solvent, and multistep pretreatments generally were better at removing lignin and recovering cellulose. Moreover, among these four categories, alkali pretreatments had the best performance, increasing the saccharification efficiency by approximately five-fold. Considering both delignification performance and saccharification improvement, alkali pretreatments are currently considered to be the optimum pretreatment methods for enzymatic saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Haixiao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China.
| | - Le Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yi Lian
- College of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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Zhou Z, Ouyang D, Liu D, Zhao X. Oxidative pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis: Progress and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128208. [PMID: 36323374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deconstruction of cell wall structure is important for biorefining of lignocellulose to produce various biofuels and chemicals. Oxidative delignification is an effective way to increase the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose. In this work, the current research progress on conventional oxidative pretreatment including wet oxidation, alkaline hydrogen peroxide, organic peracids, Fenton oxidation, and ozone oxidation were reviewed. Some recently developed novel technologies for coupling pretreatment and direct biomass-to-electricity conversion with recyclable oxidants were also introduced. The primary mechanism of oxidative pretreatment to enhance cellulose digestibility is delignification, especially in alkaline medium, thus eliminating the physical blocking and non-productive adsorption of enzymes by lignin. However, the cost of oxidative delignification as a pretreatment is still too expensive to be applied at large scale at present. Efforts should be made particularly to reduce the cost of oxidants, or explore valuable products to obtain more revenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Denghao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Improve Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Modifying Lignin Structure via Sulfite Pretreatment and Using Lignin Blockers. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Even traditional pretreatments can partially remove or degrade lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass for enhancing its enzymatic digestibility, the remaining lignin in pretreated biomass still restricts its enzymatic hydrolysis by limiting cellulose accessibility and lignin-enzyme nonproductive interaction. Therefore, many pretreatments that can modify lignin structure in a unique way and approaches to block the lignin’s adverse impact have been proposed to directly improve the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated biomass. In this review, recent development in sulfite pretreatment that can transform the native lignin into lignosulfonate and subsequently enhance saccharification of pretreated biomass under certain conditions was summarized. In addition, we also reviewed the approaches of the addition of reactive agents to block the lignin’s reactive sites and limit the cellulase-enzyme adsorption during hydrolysis. It is our hope that this summary can provide a guideline for workers engaged in biorefining for the goal of reaching high enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulose.
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Han L, Jiang B, Wang W, Wang G, Tan Y, Niu K, Fang X. Alleviating Nonproductive Adsorption of Lignin on CBM through the Addition of Cationic Additives for Lignocellulosic Hydrolysis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2253-2261. [PMID: 35404566 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nonproductive adsorption of cellulase onto lignin significantly inhibited the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we constructed a rapid fluorescence detection (RFD) system, and using this system, we demonstrated that the addition of cationic additives DTAB or polyDADMAC greatly increased the partition coefficients of cellulose/lignin, reduced nonproductive adsorption, and enhanced the hydrolysis efficiency of lignocellulose compared to those of Tweens or PEGs. Moreover, the addition of polyDADMAC and DTAB increased the glucose yield released from the mixture of Avicel and AICS-lignin (MCL) by 16.9 and 20.6%, respectively, and reduced the inhibition rate of lignin by 16.9 and 20.7%, respectively. Interestingly, polyDADMAC or DTAB treatment performed more effectively for the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass, compared with MCL. We confirmed that the reduced hydrophobicity and increased zeta potential of lignin cocontribute to the dampening nonproductive adsorption of lignin. In particular, the zeta potential values of lignin and the partition coefficients of Avicel/lignin with the addition of additives showed a good correlation, suggesting that electrostatic force also plays a crucial role in the adsorbing of cellulase on lignin. This work will be conducive to decreasing the nonproductive binding of cellulase onto lignin and enhancing cellulose conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.,Rongcheng Huihai Chuangda Biotechnology CO., LTD, Weihai, Shandong 264309, China
| | - Baojie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.,College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou 061100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gaosheng Wang
- TianJin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, TianJin University of Science and Technology, TianJin 300457, China
| | - Yinshuang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Kangle Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.,Rongcheng Huihai Chuangda Biotechnology CO., LTD, Weihai, Shandong 264309, China
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7
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Wu R, Liu W, Li L, Ren Q, Jiang C, Hou Q. Combination of hydrothermal and chemi-mechanical pretreatments to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar branches and insights on cellulase adsorption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126024. [PMID: 34600090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An integration of different pretreatments is important to overcome recalcitrance and realize efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. This study aims at the effects of combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and different chemi-mechanical pretreatments on enzymatic hydrolysis, and understanding the enzymes adsorption mechanism. The combination of hydrothermal and chemi-mechanical pretreatments effectively improved the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar substrates, in which the enzymatic hydrolysis of substrates pretreated by hydrothermal pretreatment + Fenton pretreatment + mechanical refining (HFM) was the highest (92.39% of glucose conversion yield, and 20.88 g/L of glucose concentration). The substrates' main characteristics were obviously changed after combined pretreatments, such as swelling ability and specific surface area of substrates were increased. The Langmuir adsorption model (R2 > 0.98) and pseudo second-order adsorption kinetic model (R2≈1) were well suitable to describe the adsorption of enzymes on substrates, meanwhile the adsorption mechanism was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Long Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuang Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingxi Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Thulluri C, Balasubramaniam R, Velankar HR. Generation of highly amenable cellulose-Iβ via selective delignification of rice straw using a reusable cyclic ether-assisted deep eutectic solvent system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1591. [PMID: 33452315 PMCID: PMC7810886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulolytic enzymes can readily access the cellulosic component of lignocellulosic biomass after the removal of lignin during biomass pretreatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is necessary for generating monomeric sugars, which are then fermented into ethanol. In our study, a combination of a deep eutectic (DE) mixture (of 2-aminoethanol and tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide) and a cyclic ether (tetrahydrofuran) was used for selective delignification of rice straw (RS) under mild conditions (100 °C). Pretreatment with DE-THF solvent system caused ~ 46% delignification whereas cellulose (~ 91%) and hemicellulose (~ 67%) recoveries remained higher. The new solvent system could be reused upto 10 subsequent cycles with the same effectivity. Interestingly, the DE-THF pretreated cellulose showed remarkable enzymatic hydrolysability, despite an increase in its crystallinity to 72.3%. Contrary to conventional pretreatments, we report for the first time that the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated cellulose is enhanced by the removal of lignin during DE-THF pretreatment, notwithstanding an increase in its crystallinity. The current study paves way for the development of newer strategies for biomass depolymerization with DES based solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Thulluri
- Bioprocess Division, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bangalore, 560067, India
| | - Ravi Balasubramaniam
- Bioprocess Division, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bangalore, 560067, India
| | - Harshad Ravindra Velankar
- Bioprocess Division, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabahalli, Devanagundi, Hoskote, Bangalore, 560067, India.
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Zhou Z, Ju X, Chen J, Wang R, Zhong Y, Li L. Charge-oriented strategies of tunable substrate affinity based on cellulase and biomass for improving in situ saccharification: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124159. [PMID: 33010717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass makes it resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. The electron-rich surface of the lignin and cellulose-alike structure of hemicellulose competitively absorb the cellulase. Thus, modifying the surface charge on biomass components to alter cellulase affinity is an urgent requisite. Developing charge tunable cellulase will alter substrate affinity. Also, charge-based immobilization generates controllable substrate affinity. Within immobilized cellulase involved in situ biomass saccharification, charge effects made a crucial contribution. In addition to affecting the interaction between immobilized cellulase and biomass, charge exerts an impact on cellulase to immobilize the materials, further investigation is essential. This study aims to review the charge effects on the cellulase affinity in biomass saccharification, strategies of charge tunable cellulase, and immobilized cellulase, thereby explaining the role of electrostatic interaction. In terms of electrostatic behavior, the pathways and plans to improve in situ biomass saccharification seem to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Xin Ju
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Yuqing Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
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Yoo CG, Meng X, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. The critical role of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass conversion and recent pretreatment strategies: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122784. [PMID: 31980318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity and rigidity of lignocellulose causing resistance to its deconstruction have provided technical and economic challenges in the current biomass conversion processes. Lignin has been considered as a crucial recalcitrance component in biomass utilization. An in-depth understanding of lignin properties and their influences on biomass conversion can provide clues to improve biomass utilization. Also, utilization of lignin can significantly increase the economic viability of biorefinery. Recent lignin-targeting pretreatments have aimed not only to overcome recalcitrance for biomass conversion but also to selectively fractionate lignin for lignin valorization. Numerous studies have been conducted in biomass characteristics and conversion technologies, and the role of lignin is critical for lignin valorization and biomass pretreatment development. This review provides a comprehensive review of lignin-related biomass characteristics, the impact of lignin on the biological conversion of biomass, and recent lignin-targeting pretreatment strategies. The desired lignin properties in biorefinery and future pretreatment directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center of Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA.
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