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Kai X, Wang L, Yang T, Zhang T, Li B, Liu Z, Yan W, Li R. Structure characteristics and gasification reactivity of co-pyrolysis char from lignocellulosic biomass and waste plastics: Effect of polyethylene. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135185. [PMID: 39216581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The rate limiting stage is char reactivity during gasification that can be influenced by its physicochemical structural characteristics. In this study, the effects of feedstock share, rice straw (RS) and polyethylene (PE), on the physicochemical properties and gasification reactivity of chars were investigated and their relationships were discussed. The char gasification reactivity was investigated via isothermal experiments using a thermal analyzer. The results indicated that the PE addition improved the specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume (Vp) of the char obtained from co-pyrolysis RS with PE. The SSA of the char increased by 1.31 times when the PE content was 60 wt%, compared with that of RS char. The order degree and gasification reactivity of the co-pyrolysis char samples increased with increasing PE content beyond 40 wt%. The char reactivity in the early stage of co-gasification was primarily determined by the order degree of carbonaceous and pore structure. The char reactivity in the later stage was influenced by these two factors and the silicon dioxide content could inhibit the char co-gasification reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Kai
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China
| | - Lesheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China
| | - Rundong Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China
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Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Residue from Gasification of Biomass Wastes. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemical conversion of biomass waste is a high potential option for increasing usage of renewable energy sources and transferring wastes into the circular economy. This work focuses on the evaluation of the energetic and adsorption properties of solid residue (char) of the gasification process. Gasification experiments of biomass wastes (wheat straw, hay and pine sawdust) were carried out in a vertical fixed bed reactor, under a CO2 atmosphere and at various temperatures (800, 900 and 1000 °C). The analysis of the energy properties of the obtained chars included elemental and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. TGA results indicated that the chars have properties similar to those of coal; subjected data were used to calculate key combustion parameters. As part of the analysis of adsorption properties, BET, SEM, FTIR and dynamic methanol vapor sorption tests were conducted. The specific surface area has risen from 0.42–1.91 m2/g (biomass) to 419–891 m2/g (char). FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the influence of gasification on the decomposition of characteristic chemical compounds for biomass. Methanol sorption has revealed for the 900 °C chars of pine sawdust the highest sorption capacity and its mass change was 24.15% at P/P0 = 90%. Selected chars might be an appropriate material for volatile organic compounds sorption.
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Zeng M, Ge Z, Ma Y, Zha Z, Zhang H. On-line analysis of the correlation between gasification characteristics and microstructure of woody biowaste after hydrothermal carbonization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126009. [PMID: 34563822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Woody biowaste is a component which is difficult to be converted among multiple solid waste (MSW) during the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). In this paper, poplar sawdust was pretreated by HTC to study the correlation between microstructure and gasification characteristics. The results showed the fixed carbon and higher calorific value increased from 13.44 % and 19.41 MJ/kg to 41.47 % and 25.85 MJ/kg after HTC, respectively. The cold gas efficiency of hydrochars prepared at 220 °C was the highest of 93.57 % compared with that of raw material of 76.65 %. It was found that carbon structure had a greater influence on hydrochars gasification characteristics than pore structure. The crystallinity of hydrochars had a good correlation with the total yield and H2/CO of syngas, which can provide guidance for HTC pretreatment of woody biowaste and MSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxun Zeng
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zefeng Ge
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yuna Ma
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Zhenting Zha
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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Li B, Jing F, Hu Z, Liu Y, Xiao B, Guo D. Simultaneous recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from biogas slurry by Fe-modified biochar. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Guo G, Li W, Dou X, Ogunbiyi AT, Ahmed T, Zhang B, Wu M. Hydroconversion of Kraft lignin for biofuels production using bifunctional rhenium-molybdenum supported zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocatalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124443. [PMID: 33276209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-noble bimetallic nanoparticles anchored on Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks, bifunctional ReMo@ZNB catalyst, has been demonstrated to promote Kraft lignin depolymerization. In this study, the catalytic activities under different heat treatment conditions are ranked as follows: ReMo@ZNB-700 (Air) > ReMo@ZNB-500 (Air) > ReMo@ZNB-700 (N2). Particularly, bimetallic ReMo nanocatalyst with Re/Mo atomic ratio of 1/3 shows superior performance. Excellent yields of Ethyl acetate soluble products (92.18%) and Petroleum ether extracted biofuels (78%) are obtained at 300℃ and 24 h, and the calorific value is 32.33 MJ/kg. The ReMo@ZNB catalyst exhibits superior recyclability and regeneration after cycle experiment. Structural characterization results reveal that the incorporation of ReMo can engender the transformation of lattice morphology, the strength of hydrogenation and acid adsorption. The possible mechanism is based on the synergism of adsorption coupling and hydrogenation over ReMo@ZNB catalyst. The synergic action initiates potential perspectives for improving lignin hydroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230031, PR China.
| | - Xiaomeng Dou
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Ajibola T Ogunbiyi
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tauseef Ahmed
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Baikai Zhang
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Mingwei Wu
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Biomass Conversion and Utilization, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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Fu J, Zhang J, Jin C, Wang Z, Wang T, Cheng X, Ma C. Effects of temperature, oxygen and steam on pore structure characteristics of coconut husk activated carbon powders prepared by one-step rapid pyrolysis activation process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123413. [PMID: 32334360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon powders made from coconut husk (CHCs) were prepared by one-step rapid pyrolysis activation process. Effects of temperature, oxygen and steam on the pore structure of CHCs were investigated. Results showed that high temperature, oxygen and steam all motivated the development of the CHCs pore structure. High temperature accelerated the evaporation of volatiles and led to more micropore structures. Oxygen promoted the development of both micropores and mesopores. CHCs' porosity separately presented a linear and a logarithmic growth with the increase of the preparation temperature and oxygen content. CHCs prepared under 1000 ℃ with activation agents of 6% oxygen and 20% steam exhibited the largest specific surface area and total pore volume of 415.85 m2/g and 0.1748 cm3/g. Steam can diffuse into the CHC matrix and enhance the formation of more mesopores. Steam over 20% would over-burn the substance and lead to the collapse of some pore structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Chunjiang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Xingxing Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
| | - Chunyuan Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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Guo Q, Cheng Z, Chen G, Yan B, Li J, Hou L, Ronsse F. Assessment of biomass demineralization on gasification: From experimental investigation, mechanism to potential application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138634. [PMID: 32315862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the advantages (e.g. agglomeration mitigation) and disadvantages (e.g. inorganic species catalysis removal) of biomass demineralization, it is valuable to investigate its effects on gasification performance, thus assessing its necessity prior to performing gasification. To accomplish this, corn straw (CS) was demineralized to different degrees with H2O and HCl, respectively. H2O and HCl demineralization behaved different abilities to inorganic species removal. Cellulose and hemicelluloses content decreased, while lignin content increased, especially with HCl demineralization. The experiments were investigated by using a bench-scale downdraft fixed-bed gasifier at 600-800 °C and were further analyzed via thermogravimetric coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Demineralization demonstrated a positive effect on gasification at lower temperatures (600-700 °C) for a dominant effect of lignin content and an insignificant effect of inorganic species removal. However, the catalysis of inorganic species increased as the temperature increased, resulting in the highest H2 (11.30 vol%) and CO (16.02 vol%) production of raw CS compared to demineralized CS at 800 °C. Inorganic species had a dual positive effect on CO generation, promoting both CO2 and char generation leading to a higher CO yield following Boundouard reaction, and increasing the formation of active intermediates thus producing more CO. These effects enhanced when the gasification temperature increased. Additionally, inorganic species catalyzed the aromatic rings rearrangement to generate more H2O, thus driving the endothermic Primary water-gas to produce H2. This was also positively correlated with gasification temperature. Therefore, raw CS demonstrated higher H2 and CO production than demineralized CS at a higher gasification temperature. Moreover, the promotion effect of inorganic species on thermal devolatilization of methoxyl groups and Methanation reaction led to the higher CH4 production of raw CS. This research clarifies the effects of biomass demineralization on its gasification and suggests the potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization/Tianjin Engineering Center of Biomass-derived Gas and Oil, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li'an Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Xi'an High-Tech Institute, Xi'an 710025, China
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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8
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Wang D, Jiang P, Zhang H, Yuan W. Biochar production and applications in agro and forestry systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137775. [PMID: 32213399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a product of biomass thermochemical conversion. Its yield and quality vary significantly with the production technology and process parameters, which also affect its performance in agro and forestry systems. In this review, biochar production technologies including slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, gasification, and torrefaction were compared. The yield of biochar was found to decrease with faster heating rate or more oxygen available. The benefits of biochar application to agro and forestry systems were discussed. Improvements in soil health, plant growth, carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas mitigation are apparent in many cases, but opposite results do exist, indicating that the beneficial aspect of biochar are limited to particular conditions such as the type of biochar used, the rate of application, soil type, climate, and crop species. Limitations of current studies and future research needed on biochar are also discussed. Specifically, the relationships among biochar production technologies, biochar properties, and biochar performance in agro and forestry systems must be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peikun Jiang
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqiao Yuan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Xu MX, Wu YC, Liu N, Ouyang HD, Lu Q. Experimental Investigation into NO Removal over Circulating Ash in Selective Noncatalytic Reduction during Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-xin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ya-chang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Hao-dong Ouyang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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Li J, Liu Z, Tian Y, Zhu Y, Qin S, Qiao Y. Catalytic conversion of gaseous tars using land, coastal and marine biomass-derived char catalysts in a bench-scale downstream combined fixed bed system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122735. [PMID: 32086037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of biochar for tar removal was evaluated in a bench-scale combined fixed bed reactor by comparison of gaseous tar catalytic cracking behaviors over land (Corn stalks, Cs), coastal (Reed, Re) and marine (Sargassum horneri, Sh) char catalyst. The experiments demonstrated that the tar yield after addition of the biochar was reduced significantly; the tar conversion efficiency reached to 94.6% for catalytic at 850 °C with 50 mm char bed length using Re char. And the yield and composition of gas also changed markedly. The percentage of H2 and CO in the product gas were obviously increased. Sh has a higher H2 content (49.3% of the total gas content), whereas, CO dominated in the gas products for Cs (45.4%) and Re (48.1%). The results from GC-MS analysis illustrated that the increase in temperature promoted the tar cracking and also promotes the polymerization of some tar components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China, University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center of High Carbon Energy Low Carbonization, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Yuanyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China, University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center of High Carbon Energy Low Carbonization, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China, University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Yingyun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China, University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center of High Carbon Energy Low Carbonization, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China.
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Kumar A, Saini K, Bhaskar T. Advances in design strategies for preparation of biochar based catalytic system for production of high value chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122564. [PMID: 31879059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide the comprehensive and mechanistic information of biochar based catalytic systems for the production of fuels and fine chemicals with a concept of integrated biorefinery. The review presents an in-depth assessment of relationships between physico-chemical properties and catalytic performances of biochar based catalytic systems during the production of targeted compounds at the molecular/fundamental level. The catalytic performance of the biochar is associated with its unique physico-chemical properties (surface area/surface functionality/pores/mechanical strength/inorganic species) which provide a distinct catalytic route. The review also discusses the preparation methods and significance of the activation process for tuning of physico-chemical properties of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Biomass Conversion Area (BCA), Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
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