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Zheng D, Zhu Y, Sun X, Sun H, Yang P, Yu Z, Zhu J, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Jiang F. Equilibrium Moisture Mediated Esterification Reaction to Achieve Over 100% Lignocellulosic Nanofibrils Yield. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402777. [PMID: 38934355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNFs) isolation is recognized as an efficient strategy for maximizing biomass utilization. Nevertheless, achieving a 100% yield presents a formidable challenge. Here, an esterification strategy mediated by the equilibrium moisture in biomass is proposed for LCNFs preparation without the use of catalysts, resulting in a yield exceeding 100%. Different from anhydrous chemical thermomechanical pulp (CTMP0%), the presence of moisture (moisture content of 7 wt%, denoted as CTMP7%) introduces a notably distinct process for the pretreatment of CTMP, comprising the initial disintegration and the post-esterification steps. The maleic acid, generated through maleic anhydride (MA) hydrolysis, degrades the recalcitrant lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) structures, resulting in esterified CTMP7% (E-CTMP7%). The highly grafted esters compensate for the mass loss resulting from the partial removal of hydrolyzed lignin and hemicellulose, ensuring a high yield. Following microfluidization, favorable LCNF7% with a high yield (114.4 ± 3.0%) and a high charge content (1.74 ± 0.09 mmol g-1) can be easily produced, surpassing most previous records for LCNFs. Additionally, LCNF7% presented highly processability for filaments, films, and 3D honeycomb structures preparation. These findings provide valuable insights and guidance for achieving a high yield in the isolation of LCNFs from biomass through the mediation of equilibrium moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Zheng
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xia Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hao Sun
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Pu Yang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Bioproducts Institute, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Sarieddine A, Hadjiefstathiou C, Majira A, Pion F, Ducrot PH. Biocatalytic selective acylation of technical lignins: a new route for the design of new biobased additives for industrial formulations. Front Chem 2023; 11:1239479. [PMID: 37547909 PMCID: PMC10400768 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1239479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe a proof of concept of the potential use of a biocatalytic process for the functionalization of technical soda lignins from wheat straw through the selective acylation of primary hydroxy groups of lignin oligomers by acetate or hexanoate, thus preserving their free, unreacted phenols. The selectivity and efficiency of the method, although they depend on the structural complexity of the starting material, have been proven on model compounds. Applied to technical lignins, the acylation yield is only moderate, due to structural and chemical features induced by the industrial mode of preparation of the lignins rather than to the lack of efficiency of the method. However, most of the physicochemical properties of the lignins, including their antioxidant potential, are preserved, advocating the potential use of these modified lignins for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sarieddine
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
- FARE Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Caroline Hadjiefstathiou
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
- URCOM Laboratory, Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre, France
| | - Amel Majira
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Florian Pion
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Paul-Henri Ducrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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3
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Chen X, Freitas Dos Santos AC, Gutierrez DMR, Song P, Aston JE, Thompson DN, Dooley JH, Ladisch MR, Mosier NS. Effect of pelleting on the enzymatic digestibility of corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129338. [PMID: 37343796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Pelleting of lignocellulosic biomass to improve its transportation, storage and handling impacts subsequent processing and conversion. This work reports the role of high moisture pelleting in the enzymatic digestibility of corn stover prior to pretreatment, together with associated substrate characteristics. Pelleting increases the digestibility of unpretreated corn stover, from 8.2 to 15.5% glucan conversion, at 5% solid loading using 1 FPU Cellic® CTec2 per g solids. Compositional analysis indicates that loose and pelleted corn stover have similar non-dissolvable compositions, although their extractives are different. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover after size reduction to normalize particle sizes and removal of extractives confirms that pelleting improves corn stover digestibility. Such differences may be explained by the decreased particle size, improved substrate accessibility, and hydrolysis of cross-linking structures induced by pelleting. These findings are useful for the development of processing schemes for sustainable and efficient use of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Chen
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Antonio C Freitas Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Diana M R Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Peiyuan Song
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - John E Aston
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States
| | | | | | - Michael R Ladisch
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Nathan S Mosier
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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4
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Wu J, Dong Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Renneckar S, Saddler J. Reduced cellulose accessibility slows down enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128647. [PMID: 36681353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of cellulose always starts with an initial rapid phase, which gradually slows down, sometimes resulting in incomplete cellulose hydrolysis even after prolonged incubation. Although mechanisms such as end-product inhibition are known to play a role, the predominant mechanism appears to be reduced cellulose accessibility to the enzymes. When using Simon's stain to quantify accessibility, the accessibility of mechanically disintegrated and phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose substrates decreased as hydrolysis proceeded. In contrast, the poor initial accessibility of Avicel remained low throughout hydrolysis. However, washing the residual cellulose increased cellulose accessibility, likely due to the removal of tightly bound but non-productive enzymes which blocked access to more active enzymes in solution. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis of the initial and residual cellulose collected when the hydrolysis plateaued, showed an increase in the roughness of the cellulose surface, possibly resulting in the tighter binding of less active cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yintian Dong
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jingyun Liu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jack Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Efficient Co-Production of Xylooligosaccharides and Glucose from Vinegar Residue by Biphasic Phenoxyethanol-Maleic Acid Pretreatment. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new biphasic organic solvent, phenoxyethanol-maleic acid, was carried out to pretreat and fractionate vinegar residue into glucan, xylan and lignin under mild conditions. Additional effects of key factors, temperature and phenoxyethanol concentration, on vinegar residue, were evaluated. Under the biphasic system (0.5% maleic acid, 60% phenoxyethanol), 140 °C cooking vinegar residue for 1 h, 80.91% of cellulose retention in solid residue, 75.44% of hemicellulose removal and 69.28% of lignin removal were obtained. Optimal identified conditions resulted in maximum XOS of 47.3%. Then, the solid residue was enzymatically digested with a glucose yield of 82.67% at 72 h with the addition of 2.5 g/L bovine serum albumin. Finally, the residue was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD and BET analysis. This work demonstrated the phenoxyethanol-maleic acid pretreatment yielded XOS, fermentable sugar, and lignin with high processibility.
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6
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Takada M, Okazaki Y, Kawamoto H, Sagawa T. Solubilization of sulfuric acid lignin by ball mill treatment with excess amounts of organic compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1059-1065. [PMID: 36686954 PMCID: PMC9811933 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the solubility of sulfuric acid lignin (SL) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dry ball milling with excess amounts of additives such as l-tartaric acid was performed. Although the ball-milled SL without any additives was not soluble in DMF, when the SL was ball milled with an excessive amount of l-tartaric acid (the concentration of SL to be 0.1%), the dispersion and solubility of SL in DMF detected by the dynamic light scattering was greatly improved. Furthermore, the DMF solution showed clear photoluminescence, indicating that the distance between luminophores was modulated due to dispersion on the nanoscale. The structural analysis of the isolated lignin showed a decrease in molecular weight and the introduction of carboxylic acid groups. In other words, the introduction of hydrophilic functional groups into the lignin and simultaneously decrease in the molecular weight due to the cleavage of lignin linkages is considered to result in good dispersion in DMF on both the micro and macro scales. Similar effects were observed with the other chemicals containing several hydrophilic groups such as citric acid, d-glucose, and polyacrylic acid. Furthermore, this method is applicable to various lignins other than SL, and it is expected to utilize unused lignin resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Takada
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-kuKyoto806-8501Japan,Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology2-24-16, Nakacho KoganeishiTokyo 184-8588Japan
| | - Yutaka Okazaki
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-kuKyoto806-8501Japan
| | - Haruo Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-kuKyoto806-8501Japan
| | - Takashi Sagawa
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto UniversityYoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-kuKyoto806-8501Japan
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Liu J, Wu J, Lu Y, Zhang H, Hua Q, Bi R, Rojas O, Renneckar S, Fan S, Xiao Z, Saddler J. The pre-addition of "blocking" proteins decreases subsequent cellulase adsorption to lignin and enhances cellulose hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128276. [PMID: 36347476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pre-adsorption of non-catalytic/blocking proteins onto the lignin component of pretreated biomass has been shown to significantly increase the effectiveness of subsequent enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of the cellulose by limiting non-productive enzyme adsorption. Layer-by-layer adsorption of non-catalytic proteins and enzymes onto lignin was monitored using Quartz Crystal Micro balancing combined with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and conventional protein adsorption. These methods were used to assess the interaction between soft/hardwood lignins, cellulases and the three non-catalytic proteins BSA, lysozyme and ovalbumin. The QCM-D analysis showed higher adsorption rates for all of the non-catalytic proteins onto the lignin films as compared to cellulases. This suggested that the "blocking" proteins would preferentially adsorb to the lignin rather than the enzymes. Pre-incubation of the lignin films with blocking proteins resulted in reduced adsorption of cellulases onto the lignin, significantly enhancing cellulose hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China; Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yi Lu
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qi Hua
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ran Bi
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Orlando Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Senqing Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyi Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Jack Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Nawaz A, Huang R, Junaid F, Feng Y, Haq IU, Mukhtar H, Jiang K. Sustainable Production of Bioethanol Using Levulinic Acid Pretreated Sawdust. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:937838. [PMID: 35845396 PMCID: PMC9280707 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.937838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainability and economic viability of the bioethanol production process from lignocellulosic biomass depend on efficient and effective pretreatment of biomass. Traditional pretreatment strategies implicating the use of mineral acids, alkalis, and organic solvents release toxic effluents and the formation of inhibitory compounds posing detrimental effects on the environment and interfering with the enzymatic saccharification process, respectively. Ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvents were used to overcome this issue, but the deep eutectic solvent as an emerging class of ionic liquids performed better in terms of making the process environmentally and economically viable. The green solvent-based pretreatment strategy applied in the current research was levulinic, acid-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). Three different hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs)—acetamide, betaine, and choline chloride—in combination with levulinic acid as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in (HBD: HBA) molar ratio 2:1, were screened for biomass pretreatment. The best deep eutectic solvent was levulinic acid: choline chloride in an optimized molar ratio of 1:0.5, resulting in 91% delignification. The physicochemical parametric optimization of saccharification exhibited maximum enzymatic hydrolysis of 25.87% with 125 mg of pretreated sawdust via simultaneous addition of three thermostable cellulases [i.e., endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase (240 U), exo-1,4-β-D-glucanase (180 U), and β-glucosidase (320 U)] for 5 h of incubation at 75°C. The reducing sugar slurry obtained from the saccharified biomass was then added to a fermentation medium for bioethanol production, and a maximum of 11.82% of production was obtained at 30°C, 72 h, and 180 rpm using a 2.5% 24 h old Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed culture. The current study revealed that the levulinic-based deep eutectic solvent exhibited remarkable delignification, which led to the efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of sawdust and hence bioethanol production. Furthermore, it will prospect new avenues in bioethanol production using a deep eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvent overcame the issues posed by ionic liquids: toxicity, expensive and complex preparation, and non-biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Ali Nawaz, ; Kankan Jiang,
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farah Junaid
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yiwei Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kankan Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ali Nawaz, ; Kankan Jiang,
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A Cleaner Delignification of Urban Leaf Waste Biomass for Bioethanol Production, Optimised by Experimental Design. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is focused on optimising a low-temperature delignification as holocellulose purification pretreatment of Platanus acerifolia leaf waste for second-bioethanol production. Delignification was accomplished by acid-oxidative digestion using green reagents: acetic acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide 1:1. The effect of reaction time (30–90 min), temperature (60–90 °C), and solid loading (5–15 g solid/20 g liquid) on delignification and solid fraction yield were studied. The process parameters were optimised using the Box–Behnken experimental design. The highest attained lignin removal efficiency was larger than 80%. The optimised conditions of delignification, while maximising holocellulose yield, pointed to using the minimum temperature of the examined range. Analysis of variance on the solid fraction yield and the lignin removal suggested a linear model with a negative influence of the temperature on the yield. Furthermore, a negative effect of the solid loading and low effect of temperature and time was found on the degree of delignification. Then the temperature range was extended back to 60 °C, providing 71% holocellulose yield and 70% while improving energy efficiency by working at a lower temperature. Successful lignin removal was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. As evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, the solid structure presented an increased exposition of the cellulose fibre structure.
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Lignin Pellets for Advanced Thermochemical Process—From a Single Pellet System to a Laboratory-Scale Pellet Mill. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignin pellets were produced using a single pellet system as well as a laboratory-scale pellet mill. The feedstock used in this work was lignin isolated from poplar wood (Populus tremuloides) using a direct saccharification process. An investigation was performed on the influence of the initial moisture content on the dimensions, impact and water resistance, fines content, mechanical durability, calorific value, and ash content, and, finally, the ultimate analysis was performed. These properties were then compared to pellets made from softwood bark using the same pelletization unit. Lignin pellets were then manufactured using four different types of additives (corn oil, citric acid, glycerol, and d-xylose) and ultimately, they were stored in two different conditions prior being tested. In general, manufacturing pellets that were entirely made of lignin generated samples with an overall higher hydrophobicity and higher calorific value. However, the ash and sulfur content of the lignin pellets (1.58% and 0.32% in scenario 2, respectively) were slightly higher than the expected CANplus certification values for Grade A pellets of ≤0.7%, and ≤0.04%, respectively. This study intends to show that lignin could be used to produce this new kind of pellets, pending that the initial material has a low ash and moisture content.
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11
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Ma J, He J, Kong X, Zheng J, Han L, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Z. From agricultural cellulosic waste to food delivery packaging: A mini-review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Wu J, Ebadian M, Kim KH, Kim CS, Saddler J. The use of steam pretreatment to enhance pellet durability and the enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of pellets to fermentable sugars. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126731. [PMID: 35074465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although densified wood pellets are an attractive biomass feedstock for bioenergy and biofuels production, partly due to their ease of transport, their friability and hygroscopic nature (attraction of moisture) have proven problematic in terms of storage and handling. Pre-steaming the biomass was shown to reduce the need for size reduction, significantly increasing pellet durability by relocating the plant cell wall lignin to the fibre surface and consequently enhancing binding between particles. Although steam pretreatment has been shown to facilitate enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of biomass, by increasing cellulose accessibility, drying and pelletization partially impeded enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the incorporation of alkaline deacetylation or neutral sulfonation step prior to pre-steaming was shown to mitigate many of the negative effects of drying. Although drying and pelletization did not significantly impact the redistribution of lignin, a mild mechanical refining step was shown to further enhance the hydrolysis of the cellulose component of the pelletized biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mahmood Ebadian
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jack Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Del Río PG, Gullón B, Wu J, Saddler J, Garrote G, Romaní A. Current breakthroughs in the hardwood biorefineries: Hydrothermal processing for the co-production of xylooligosaccharides and bioethanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126100. [PMID: 34626760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of lignocellulosic biorefineries requires a first stage of pretreatment which enables the efficient valorization of all fractions present in this renewable material. In this sense, this review aims to show the main advantages of hydrothermal treatment as a first step of a biorefinery infrastructure using hardwood as raw material, as well as, main drawback to overcome. Hydrothermal treatment of hardwood highlights for its high selectivity for hemicelluloses solubilization as xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Nevertheless, the suitable conditions for XOS production are inadequate to achieve an elevate cellulose to glucose conversion. Hence, several strategies namely the combination of hydrothermal treatment with delignification process, in situ modification of lignin and the mixture with another renewable resources (concretely, seaweeds, and by-products generated in the food industry with high sugar content) were pinpointed as promising alternative to increase the final ethanol concentration coupled with XOS recovery in the hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Del Río
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñería Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñería Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jack Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gil Garrote
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñería Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Aloia Romaní
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñería Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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14
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Xu X, Zhang D, Wang K, Jia Y, Yang C, Shen B, Lai C, Yong Q. In-situ lignin modification with polyethylene glycol-epoxides to boost enzymatic hydrolysis of combined-pretreated masson pine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126315. [PMID: 34775053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acid pretreatment was insufficient to disrupt the recalcitrance derived from lignins in softwood, thus a lignin-targeting post-treatment was required. In this study, a combined acid and alkali pretreatment with polyethylene glycol-epoxides (PEG-epoxides) was developed on masson pine. Results showed although the combined pretreatment achieved a limited delignification, but a remarkably increment of 15.9-34.9% on hydrolysis yields was achieved. This was ascribed to the successful incorporation of hydrophilic PEG chains to residual lignins. Moreover, the improvement on enzymatic digestibility varied with the PEG chain lengths in modifiers. The underlying reasons for this improvement were primarily investigated by monitoring the lignin properties as well as water retention values variation after in-situ lignin modification by PEG-epoxides with varied molecular weights. It indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis improvement was mainly due to both reduced enzyme nonspecific adsorption and increased fiber swelling. Results will give new insights to resolve the challenge on softwood biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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15
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Shen B, Hou S, Jia Y, Yang C, Su Y, Ling Z, Huang C, Lai C, Yong Q. Synergistic effects of hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125787. [PMID: 34419877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Full utilization of lignocellulose is critical for its biorefinery development. In this study, a sustainable biorefinery process based upon poplar sawdust was established using sequential hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvent treatment (HP-DES). Results showed that single hydrothermal pretreatment (HP) could produce 53.2% xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) (based on raw xylan), while the enzymatic digestibility was low. Conversely, single DES treatment achieved effective enzymatic digestibility but low XOS yields. As compared to HP, both DES treatment and HP-DES showed high selectivity for lignin removal and high glucose yield. Surprisingly, most of HP-DES residues had obviously lower enzymatic digestibilities than those of single DES residues. This was mainly explained by the differences of the surface lignin contents between DES and HP-DES residues. Moreover, nearly complete enzymatic hydrolysis of HP-DES residues was achieved with the addition of bovine serum albumin. This work demonstrated this HP-DES yielded XOS, fermentable sugar, and pure lignin with high processibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Hou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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16
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Qin H, Li Y, Dong R, Yuan J, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Jia H, Bai J, Gong J, Jiang J, Zhou Q. An Efficient Catalyst Derived from Carboxylated Lignin-Anchored Iron Nanoparticle Compounds for Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation Application. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16592-16599. [PMID: 34235331 PMCID: PMC8246691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activity and target product selectivity are strongly correlated to the size, crystallographic phase, and morphology of nanoparticles. In this study, waste lignin from paper pulp industry is employed as the carbon source, which is modified with carboxyl groups at the molecular level to facilitate anchoring of metals, and a new type of carbon-based catalyst was obtained after carbonization. As a result, the size of the metal particles is effectively controlled by the chelation between -COO- and Fe3+. Furthermore, Fe/CM-CL with a particle size of 1.5-2.5 nm shows excellent catalytic performance, the conversion of carbon monoxide reaches 82.3%, and the selectivity of methane reaches 73.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfei Qin
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of E-Waste Recycling, Jiangsu
University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
| | - Yan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
| | - Ruoyu Dong
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
| | - Jiafeng Yuan
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
| | - Yaxin Hu
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
| | - Hailang Jia
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
| | - Jirong Bai
- Research
Center of secondary Resources and Environment, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No.666, Liaohe Road, Changzhou
City 213022, China
| | - Jie Gong
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, No. 1801, Zhongwu Road, Changzhou City 213001, China
| | - Jinlong Jiang
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and
Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint
Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt
Resource, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, P. R. China
| | - Quanfa Zhou
- Research
Center of secondary Resources and Environment, Changzhou Institute of Technology, No.666, Liaohe Road, Changzhou
City 213022, China
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17
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Wu J, Kim KH, Jeong K, Kim D, Kim CS, Ha JM, Chandra RP, Saddler JN. The production of lactic acid from chemi-thermomechanical pulps using a chemo-catalytic approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 324:124664. [PMID: 33454446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that sulfonation and oxidation of chemi-thermomechanical pulps (CTMPs) significantly enhanced enzyme accessibility to cellulose while recovering the majority of carbohydrates in the water-insoluble component. In the work reported here, modified (sulfonated and oxidized) CTMPs derived from hard-and-softwoods were used to produce a DL-mix of lactic acid via a chemo-catalytic approach using lanthanide triflate (Ln (OTf)3) catalysts (Ln = La, Nd, Er, and Yb). It was apparent that sulfonation and oxidation of chemi-thermomechanical pulps (CTMPs) also enhanced Ln(OTf)3 catalyst accessibility to the carbohydrate components of the pulps, with the Er(OTf)3 catalysts resulting in significant lactic acid production. Under optimum conditions (250 °C, 60 min, 0.5 mmol catalyst g-1 biomass), 72% and 67% of the respective total carbohydrate present in the hard-and-softwood CTMPs could be converted to lactic acid compared to the respective 59% and 51% yields obtained after energy-intensive ball milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard P Chandra
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada.
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18
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Jia Y, Yang C, Shen B, Ling Z, Huang C, Li X, Lai C, Yong Q. Comparative study on enzymatic digestibility of acid-pretreated poplar and larch based on a comprehensive analysis of the lignin-derived recalcitrance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124225. [PMID: 33254454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic digestibility of an acid-pretreated poplar (AP, 42.9%) was superior to that of a similarly acid-pretreated larch (AL, 12.5%). Effects of lignin-related recalcitrance on enzymatic hydrolysis were comprehensively investigated by disrupting the two predominant lignin fractions present in acid-pretreated material (extractable lignin and bulk lignin). Lignin removal and bovine serum albumin (BSA) addition were performed to estimate the relative contributions of lignin towards physical blocking and enzyme binding on enzymatic hydrolysis. The lignin physical blocking played a more significant role in limiting the enzymatic hydrolysis of AL. BSA addition improved enzymatic hydrolysis of AP more significantly than AL. Moreover, the effects of lignin embedded in the lignocellulosic matrix on enzyme non-productive binding were compared with the isolated lignin. It indicated that the lignin distribution would influence the lignin effects on enzyme non-productive binding during enzymatic hydrolysis. Results will give insights towards improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis on acid-pretreated woody biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wu J, Chandra RP, Takada M, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Kim KH, Kim CS, Saddler JN. Enhancing Enzyme-Mediated Cellulose Hydrolysis by Incorporating Acid Groups Onto the Lignin During Biomass Pretreatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:608835. [PMID: 33282856 PMCID: PMC7691530 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is known to limit the enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of biomass by both restricting substrate swelling and binding to the enzymes. Pretreated mechanical pulp (MP) made from Aspen wood chips was incubated with either 16% sodium sulfite or 32% sodium percarbonate to incorporate similar amounts of sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups onto the lignin (60 mmol/kg substrate) present in the pulp without resulting in significant delignification. When Simon's stain was used to assess potential enzyme accessibility to the cellulose, it was apparent that both post-treatments enhanced accessibility and cellulose hydrolysis. To further elucidate how acid group addition might influence potential enzyme binding to lignin, Protease Treated Lignin (PTL) was isolated from the original and modified mechanical pulps and added to a cellulose rich, delignified Kraft pulp. As anticipated, the PTLs from both the oxidized and sulfonated substrates proved less inhibitory and adsorbed less enzymes than did the PTL derived from the original pulp. Subsequent analyses indicated that both the sulfonated and oxidized lignin samples contained less phenolic hydroxyl groups, resulting in enhanced hydrophilicity and a more negative charge which decreased the non-productive binding of the cellulase enzymes to the lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard P Chandra
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masatsugu Takada
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Advanced Energy Science Research and Education Center, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Wu J, Chandra R, Takada M, Del Rio P, Kim KH, Kim CS, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Saddler J. Alkaline sulfonation and thermomechanical pulping pretreatment of softwood chips and pellets to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123789. [PMID: 32682260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To assess the impact of alkalinity on sulfonation and the enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of softwood cellulose, Lodgepole pine chips were impregnated with 8% sodium sulfite and increasing loadings of sodium carbonate before thermomechanical pulping. It was apparent that alkali addition enhanced lignin sulfonation with an additional 4% loading of sodium carbonate proving optimal. TEM indicated that sulfonation predominantly occurred within the secondary-cell-wall lignin, increasing cellulose accessibility to the cellulase enzymes. Although increasing alkalinity did not significantly enhance lignin sulfonation, likely due to the lower acetyl content of the softwood chips, it increases mannan solubilization. Despite their smaller particle size, softwood pellets were more poorly sulfonated, probably due to their higher lignin content and lower amount of acid groups. This more condensed lignin structure was confirmed by 2D-NMR and GPC analyses which indicated that the EMAL derived from softwood pellets contained less native β-O-4 linkages and had a higher molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Richard Chandra
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Masatsugu Takada
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada; International Advanced Energy Science Research and Education Center, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, 301, Faculty of Engineering Integrated Research Building, Yoshida-Honmachi, Kyoto 606-850, Japan
| | - Pablo Del Rio
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada
| | - Jack Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1 Z4, Canada.
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21
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Lai C, Jia Y, Zhou C, Yang C, Shen B, Zhang D, Yong Q. Facilitating enzymatic digestibility of larch by in-situ lignin modification during combined acid and alkali pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123517. [PMID: 32413643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the recalcitrance of residual lignins in acid-pretreated larch (AL), a combined acid and alkali pretreatment with in-situ lignin modification was developed in this study. The results showed that introducing in-situ lignin modification with 2-naphthol to acid pretreatment (160 and 180 oC) improved the enzymatic digestibility of AL by 12.7-14.4%, through suppressing lignin repolymerization. The obviously higher improvement (57.8-88.3%) was achieved by applying alkali post-treatment (90 oC) with poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) on AL, mainly due to the function of in-situ lignin modification with PEGDE for reducing enzyme non-productive binding on lignins. More importantly, the synergism of 2-naphthol and PEGDE modification facilitated the enzymatic hydrolysis of AL more significantly. Its beneficial mechanism was explored by investigating the effects of in-situ lignin modification on lignin properties, including extraction yields, functional groups, and enzyme affinity of lignins. Results will give insights into establishing an efficient pretreatment of softwood biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles (Qingdao University), Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Buzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Xu H, Peng J, Kong Y, Liu Y, Su Z, Li B, Song X, Liu S, Tian W. Key process parameters for deep eutectic solvents pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass materials: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123416. [PMID: 32334906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been considered as a novel green solvent for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. The efficiency of DES pretreatment is affected by the synergy of various process parameters. The study of effect of DES physicochemical properties and pretreatment reaction conditions on the mechanism of lignocellulose biomass fractionation was of great significance for the development of biomass conversion. Form the view of process control, this review summarized recent advances in DES pretreatment, analyzed the challenges, and prospected the future development of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yaoze Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhenning Su
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Wende Tian
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266042, PR China
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