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Alharasees O, Kale U, Rohacs J, Rohacs D, Eva ME, Boros A. Green building energy: Patents analysis and analytical hierarchy process evaluation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29442. [PMID: 38660241 PMCID: PMC11040038 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic sphere of building energy systems, this study explores advancements in energy integration, storage technologies, management practices, and occupant behavior, assessing sustainable energy practices, including emerging technologies like fuel cells and energy storage systems. It underscores the significance of efficient energy management, considering both renewable and conventional energy mechanisms. The study comprises four key strata: (i) a thorough literature review of recent energy trends, (ii) a comparative study of global energy patents using the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) database, (iii) a comprehensive analysis of building-energy patents, and (iv) expert-guided Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) evaluation. These realms encompass five primary sources: (i) energy-efficient building design, (ii) intelligent building automation, (iii) optimizing energy systems integration, (iv) energy storage, and (v) energy management and optimization. Findings reveal energy storage's dominance, with water energy storage and emerging hydrogen technology leading the trajectory. Global energy patent scrutiny underscores China, the United States, and Japan as influential players in optimizing energy markets. The research shapes energy futures, identifies gaps, and drives sustainable energy practices within the built environment, serving as a compass for policymakers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alharasees
- Department of Aeronautics and Naval Architecture, Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Utku Kale
- Department of Aeronautics and Naval Architecture, Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Circular Economy Analysis and Knowledge, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Rohacs
- Department of Aeronautics and Naval Architecture, Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Circular Economy Analysis and Knowledge, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hungary
| | - Daniel Rohacs
- Department of Aeronautics and Naval Architecture, Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Circular Economy Analysis and Knowledge, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hungary
| | - Muller Enetta Eva
- Centre for Circular Economy Analysis and Knowledge, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hungary
- Institute of Sports Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Boros
- Centre for Circular Economy Analysis and Knowledge, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hungary
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Raza MA, Aman MM, Abbas G, Soomro SA, Yousef A, Touti E, Mirjat NH, Khan MHA. Managing the low carbon transition pathways through solid waste electricity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5490. [PMID: 38448493 PMCID: PMC10917795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential of solid waste as an energy source is clear, owing to its wide availability and renewable properties, which provide a critical answer for energy security. This can be especially effective in reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels. Countries that rely heavily on coal should examine alternatives such as electricity from solid waste to provide a constant energy supply while also contributing to atmospheric restoration. In this regards, Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) is used for simulation the entire energy system in Pakistan and forecasted its capital cost and future CO2 emissions in relation to the use of renewable and fossil fuel resources under the different growth rates of solid waste projects like 20%, 30% and 40% for the study period 2023-2053. The results revealed that, 1402.97 TWh units of energy are generated to meet the total energy demand of 1193.93 TWh until 2053. The share of solid waste based electricity in total energy mix is increasing from a mere 0.81% in 2023 to around 9.44% by 2053 under the 20% growth rate, which then increase to 39.67% by 2053 under the 30% growth rate and further increases to 78.33% by 2053 under the 40% growth rate. It is suggested that 40% growth rate for solid waste based electricity projects is suitable for Pakistan until 2053 because under this condition, renewable sources contributes 95.2% and fossil fuels contributed 4.47% in the total energy mix of Pakistan. Hence, CO2 emissions are reduced from 148.26 million metric tons to 35.46 million metric tons until 2053 but capital cost is increased from 13.23 b$ in 2023 to 363.11 b$ by 2053.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir Raza
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, SZAB Campus, Khairpur Mir's, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Renewable Energy (ASURE), NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - M M Aman
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Renewable Energy (ASURE), NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shakir Ali Soomro
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, SZAB Campus, Khairpur Mir's, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Amr Yousef
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Business and Technology, Ar Rawdah, 23435, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Engineering Mathematics Department, Alexandria University, Lotfy El-Sied St. Off Gamal Abd El-Naser, Alexandria, 11432, Egypt
| | - Ezzeddine Touti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, 91431, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Kasserine, University of Kairouan, 3100, Kairouan, Tunisia.
| | - Nayyar Hussain Mirjat
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76060, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Huzaifa Ahmed Khan
- Department of Electronics Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
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Ayub HMU, Nizami M, Qyyum MA, Iqbal N, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Hasan M. Sustainable hydrogen production via microalgae: Technological advancements, economic indicators, environmental aspects, challenges, and policy implications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117815. [PMID: 38048865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen has emerged as an alternative energy source to meet the increasing global energy demand, depleting fossil fuels and environmental issues resulting from fossil fuel consumption. Microalgae-based biomass is gaining attention as a potential source of hydrogen production due to its green energy carrier properties, high energy content, and carbon-free combustion. This review examines the hydrogen production process from microalgae, including the microalgae cultivation technological process for biomass production, and the three main routes of biomass-to-hydrogen production: thermochemical conversion, photo biological conversion, and electrochemical conversion. The current progress of technological options in the three main routes is presented, with the various strains of microalgae and operating conditions of the processes. Furthermore, the economic and environmental perspectives of biomass-to-hydrogen from microalgae are evaluated, and critical operational parameters are used to assess the feasibility of scaling up biohydrogen production for commercial industrial-scale applications. The key finding is the thermochemical conversion process is the most feasible process for biohydrogen production, compared to the pyrolysis process. In the photobiological and electrochemical process, pure hydrogen can be achieved, but further process development is required to enhance the production yield. In addition, the high production cost is the main challenge in biohydrogen production. The cost of biohydrogen production for direct bio photolysis it cost around $7.24 kg-1; for indirect bio photolysis it costs around $7.54 kg-1 and for fermentation, it costs around $7.61 kg-1. Therefore, comprehensive studies and efforts are required to make biohydrogen production from microalgae applications more economical in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Nizami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qyyum
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Noman Iqbal
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ala'a H Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mudassir Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Duarah P, Haldar D, Singhania RR, Dong CD, Patel AK, Purkait MK. Sustainable management of tea wastes: resource recovery and conversion techniques. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:255-274. [PMID: 36658718 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2157701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As the demand for tea (Camellia sinensis) has grown across the world, the amount of biomass waste that has been produced during the harvesting process has also increased. Tea consumption was estimated at about 6.3 million tonnes in 2020 and is anticipated to reach 7.4 million tonnes by 2025. The generation of tea waste (TW) after use has also increased concurrently with rising tea consumption. TW includes clipped stems, wasted tea leaves, and buds. Many TW-derived products have proven benefits in various applications, including energy generation, energy storage, wastewater treatment, and pharmaceuticals. TW is widely used in environmental and energy-related applications. Energy recovery from low- and medium-calorific value fuels may be accomplished in a highly efficient manner using pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and gasification. TW-made biochar and activated carbon are also promising adsorbents for use in environmental applications. Another area where TW shows promise is in the synthesis of phytochemicals. This review offers an overview of the conversion procedures for TW into value-added products. Further, the improvements in their applications for energy generation, energy storage, removal of different contaminants, and extraction of phytochemicals have been reviewed. A comprehensive assessment of the sustainable use of TWs as environmentally acceptable renewable resources is compiled in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prangan Duarah
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India
| | - Mihir Kumar Purkait
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
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5
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Alfarra F, Ozcan HK, Cihan P, Ongen A, Guvenc SY, Ciner MN. Artificial intelligence methods for modeling gasification of waste biomass: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:309. [PMID: 38407668 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Gasification is a highly promising thermochemical process that shows considerable potential for the efficient conversion of waste biomass into syngas. The assessment of the feasibility and comparative advantages of different biomass and waste gasification schemes is contingent upon a multifaceted combination of interrelated criteria. Conventional analytical approaches employed to facilitate decision-making rely on a multitude of inadequately defined parameters. Consequently, substantial efforts have been directed toward enhancing the efficiency and productivity of thermochemical conversion processes. In recent times, artificial intelligence (AI)-based models and algorithms have gained prominence, serving as indispensable tools for expediting these processes and formulating strategies to address the growing demand for energy. Notably, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have emerged as cutting-edge AI models, demonstrating exceptional effectiveness and profound relevance in the realm of thermochemical conversion systems. This study provides an overview of the machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches utilized during gasification and evaluates their benefits and drawbacks. Many industries and applications related to energy conversion systems use AI algorithms. Predicting the output of conversion systems and subjects linked to optimization are two of this science's critical applications. This review sheds light on the burgeoning utility of AI, particularly ML and DL, which have garnered significant attention due to their applications in productivity prediction, process optimization, real-time process monitoring, and control. Furthermore, the integration of hybrid models has become commonplace, primarily owing to their demonstrated success in modeling and optimization tasks. Importantly, the adoption of these algorithms significantly enhances the model's capability to tackle intricate challenges, as DL methodologies have evolved to offer heightened accuracy and reduced susceptibility to errors. Within the scope of this study, an exhaustive exploration of ML and DL techniques and their applications has been conducted, uncovering existing research knowledge gaps. Based on a comprehensive critical analysis, this review offers recommendations for future research directions, accentuating the pivotal findings and conclusions derived from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Alfarra
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - H Kurtulus Ozcan
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Cihan
- Corlu Engineering Faculty, Department of Computer Engineering, Tekirdag Namık Kemal Universtiy, 59860, Çorlu, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Atakan Ongen
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mirac Nur Ciner
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Palla VS, Shee D, Maity SK, Dinda S. One-Step Conversion of n-Butanol to Aromatics-free Gasoline over the HZSM-5 Catalyst: Effect of Pressure, Catalyst Deactivation, and Fuel Properties as a Gasoline. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43739-43750. [PMID: 38027344 PMCID: PMC10666138 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable production of gasoline-range hydrocarbon fuels from biomass is critical in evading the upgradation of combustion engine infrastructures. The present work focuses on the selective transformation of n-butanol to gasoline-range hydrocarbons free from aromatics in a single step. Conversion of n-butanol was carried out in a down-flow fixed-bed reactor with the capability to operate at high pressures using the HZSM-5 catalyst. The selective transformation of n-butanol was carried out for a wide range of temperatures (523-563 K), pressures (1-40 bar), and weight hourly space velocities (0.75-14.96 h-1) to obtain the optimum operating conditions for the maximum yields of gasoline range (C5-C12) hydrocarbons. A C5-C12 hydrocarbons selectivity of ∼80% was achieved, with ∼11% and 9% selectivity to C3-C4 paraffin and C3-C4 olefins, respectively, under optimum operating conditions of 543 K, 0.75 h-1, and 20 bar. The hydrocarbon (C5-C12) product mixture was free from aromatics and primarily olefinic in nature. The distribution of these C5-C12 hydrocarbons depends strongly on the reaction pressure, temperature, and WHSV. These olefins were further hydrogenated to paraffins using a Ni/SiO2 catalyst. The fuel properties and distillation characteristics of virgin and hydrogenated hydrocarbons were evaluated and compared with those of gasoline to understand their suitability as a transportation fuel in an unmodified combustion engine. The present work further delineates the catalyst stability study for a long time-on-stream (TOS) and extensive characterization of spent catalysts to understand the nature of catalyst deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata
Chandra Sekhar Palla
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana-502 284, India
| | - Debaprasad Shee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana-502 284, India
| | - Sunil K. Maity
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana-502 284, India
| | - Srikanta Dinda
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute
of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 078, India
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Kumar A, Thakur AK, Gaurav GK, Klemeš JJ, Sandhwar VK, Pant KK, Kumar R. A critical review on sustainable hazardous waste management strategies: a step towards a circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105030-105055. [PMID: 37725301 PMCID: PMC10579135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Globally, industrialisation and urbanisation have led to the generation of hazardous waste (HW). Sustainable hazardous waste management (HWM) is the need of the hour for a safe, clean, and eco-friendly environment and public health. The prominent waste management strategies should be aligned with circular economic models considering the economy, environment, and efficiency. This review critically discusses HW generation and sustainable management with the strategies of prevention, reduction, recycling, waste-to-energy, advanced treatment technology, and proper disposal. In this regard, the major HW policies, legislations, and international conventions related to HWM are summarised. The global generation and composition of hazardous industrial, household, and e-waste are analysed, along with their environmental and health impacts. The paper critically discusses recently adapted management strategies, waste-to-energy conversion techniques, treatment technologies, and their suitability, advantages, and limitations. A roadmap for future research focused on the components of the circular economy model is proposed, and the waste management challenges are discussed. This review stems to give a holistic and broader picture of global waste generation (from many sources), its effects on public health and the environment, and the need for a sustainable HWM approach towards the circular economy. The in-depth analysis presented in this work will help build cost-effective and eco-sustainable HWM projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Tirmalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401 India
| | - Amit K. Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand India
| | - Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SPIL, NETME Centre, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SPIL, NETME Centre, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vishal Kumar Sandhwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760 India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand India
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Subudhi S, Saha K, Mudgil D, Sarangi PK, Srivastava RK, Sarma MK. Biomethanol production from renewable resources: a sustainable approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29616-0. [PMID: 37667122 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The abundant availability of various kinds of biomass and their use as feedstock for the production of gaseous and liquid biofuels has been considered a viable, eco-friendly, and sustainable mode of energy generation. Gaseous fuels like biogas and liquid fuels, e.g., bioethanol, biodiesel, and biomethanol derived from biological sources, have been theorized to produce numerous industrially relevant organic compounds replacing the traditional practice of employing fossil fuels as a raw material. Among the biofuels explored, biomethanol has shown promising potential to be a future product addressing multifactorial issues concerning sustainable energy and associated process developments. The presented mini-review has explored the importance and application of biomethanol as a value-added product. The biomethanol production process was well reviewed by focusing on different thermochemical and biochemical conversion processes. Syngas and biogas have been acknowledged as potential resources for biomethanol synthesis. The emphasis on biochemical processes is laid on the principal metabolic pathways and enzymatic machinery involved or used by microbial physiology to convert feedstock into biomethanol under normal temperature and pressure conditions. The advantage of minimizing the cost of production by utilizing suggested modifications to the overall process of biomethanol production that involves metabolic and genetic engineering in microbial strains used in the production process has been delineated. The challenges that exist in our current knowledge domain, impeding large-scale commercial production potential of biomethanol at a cost-effective rate, and strategies to overcome them along with its future scenarios have also been pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Subudhi
- Advanced Biofuels Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India.
| | - Koel Saha
- Advanced Biofuels Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India
| | - Divya Mudgil
- Advanced Biofuels Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Sarangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Rajesh K Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Gitam School of Technology, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Mrinal Kumar Sarma
- Advanced Biofuels Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India
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Zhou Y, Remón J, Pang X, Jiang Z, Liu H, Ding W. Hydrothermal conversion of biomass to fuels, chemicals and materials: A review holistically connecting product properties and marketable applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:163920. [PMID: 37156381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is a renewable and carbon-neutral resource with good features for producing biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials. Among the different technologies developed to date to convert biomass into such commodities, hydrothermal conversion (HC) is a very appealing and sustainable option, affording marketable gaseous (primarily containing H2, CO, CH4, and CO2), liquid (biofuels, aqueous phase carbohydrates, and inorganics), and solid products (energy-dense biofuels (up to 30 MJ/kg) with excellent functionality and strength). Given these prospects, this publication first-time puts together essential information on the HC of lignocellulosic and algal biomasses covering all the steps involved. Particularly, this work reports and comments on the most important properties (e.g., physiochemical and fuel properties) of all these products from a holistic and practical perspective. It also gathers vital information addressing selecting and using different downstream/upgrading processes to convert HC reaction products into marketable biofuels (HHV up to 46 MJ/kg), biochemicals (yield >90 %), and biomaterials (great functionality and surface area up to 3600 m2/g). As a result of this practical vision, this work not only comments on and summarizes the most important properties of these products but also analyzes and discusses present and future applications, establishing an invaluable link between product properties and market needs to push HC technologies transition from the laboratory to the industry. Such a practical and pioneering approach paves the way for the future development, commercialization and industrialization of HC technologies to develop holistic and zero-waste biorefinery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhou
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Javier Remón
- Thermochemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50.018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Haiteng Liu
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China.
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10
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Liu Y, Chen L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Liu Q, Li Y, Wang C, Zhang Q, Ma L. Pilot study on production of aviation fuel from catalytic conversion of corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128653. [PMID: 36682474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aviation fuel is high energy density and is usually produced from refinery in petroleum industry. Production of renewable aviation fuel from biomass eases pressure of carbon emission regulation. The operational processes in this study include steam stripping, hydrolysis of residues, condensation reaction unit, autoclave hydrogenation, fixed-bed hydrodeoxygenation, and oil-upgrading unit. The biomass-derived aviation fuel has a low oxygen content of 0.4 %, while its high heat value is 45.5 MJ/kg. The aviation fuel ranges from C8 ∼ C15, and rich in isoparaffins (50.4 %) while the n-paraffins have a selectivity of 12.2 % and other components are cycloparaffins (19.0 %), aromatic hydrocarbons (11.3 %), and alkenes (5.6 %). The mass yield for aviation fuel from corn stover reaches 10.6 %. This pilot study achieved production of aviation fuel from raw biomass corn stover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Resources & Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Lungang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
| | - Yubao Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunan 650500, PR China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Qiying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yuping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- School of Resources & Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
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11
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Guo X, Xia A, Zhang W, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. Photoenzymatic decarboxylation: A promising way to produce sustainable aviation fuels and fine chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128232. [PMID: 36332862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As one of the fastest-growing carbon emission sources, the aviation sector is severely restricted by carbon emission reduction targets. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has emerged as the most potential alternative to traditional aviation fuel, but harsh production technologies limit its commercialization. Fatty acids photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A (CvFAP), the latest discovered photoenzyme, provides promising approaches to produce various carbon-neutral biofuels and fine chemicals. This review highlights the state-of-the-art strategies to enhance the application of CvFAP in carbon-neutral biofuel and fine chemicals production, including supplementing alkane as decoy molecular, screening efficient CvFAP variants with directed evolution, constructing genetic strains, employing biphasic catalytic system, and immobilizing CvFAP in an efficient photobioreactor. Furthermore, future opportunities are suggested to enhance photoenzymatic decarboxylation and explore the catalytic mechanism of CvFAP. This review provides a broad context to improve CvFAP catalysis and advance its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, PR China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, PR China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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12
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Zhu F, Shen L, Xu P, Yuan H, Hu M, Qi J, Chen Y. Numerical Simulation of an Improved Updraft Biomass Gasifier Based on Aspen Plus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17089. [PMID: 36554979 PMCID: PMC9779191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, numerical investigation and optimization is conducted upon an improved updraft gasifier which is expected to overcome the weakness of conventional updraft gasifier. The comprehensive Aspen Plus model of the improved updraft gasifier is based on the RYield and RCSTR reactor. The tar prediction model is constructed, and the yield of tar is determined by the volatile of biomass and gasification temperature. The Aspen Plus simulation results agree very well with experiment results for the product yields and gasification efficiency, which shows the accuracy of the Aspen Plus model. The tar content in syngas of the improved gasifier is proved to be much lower than that of the conventional one by this model. The inflection point of the gasification efficiency occurs when air ratio is 0.25, and the optimum steam proportion in the air is 7.5%. Such a comprehensive investigation could provide necessary information for the optimal design and operation of the improved updraft gasifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Everbright Greentech Technology Service (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Laihong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Everbright Environmental Research Institute (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Everbright Environmental Research Institute (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- Everbright Environmental Research Institute (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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13
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Murugesan P, Raja V, Dutta S, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Food waste valorisation via gasification - A review on emerging concepts, prospects and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:157955. [PMID: 35964752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disposing of the enormous amounts of food waste (FW) produced worldwide remains a great challenge, promoting worldwide research on the utilization of FW for the generation of value-added products. Gasification is a significant approach for decomposing and converting organic waste materials into biochar, bio-oil, and syngas, which could be adapted for energy (hydrogen (H2) and heat) generation and environmental (removal of pollutants and improving the soil quality) applications. Employment of FW matrices for syngas production through gasification is one of the effective methods of energy recovery. This review explains different gasification processes (catalytic and non-catalytic) used for the decomposition of unutilized food wastes and the effect of operating parameters on H2-rich syngas generation. Also, potential applications of gasification byproducts such as biochar and bio-oil for effective valorization have been discussed. Besides, the scope of simulation to optimize the gasification conditions for the effective valorization of FW is elaborated, along with the current progress and challenges in the research to identify the feasibility of gasification technology for FW. Overall, this review concludes the sustainable route for conversion of unutilized food into hydrogen-enriched syngas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Murugesan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayakumar Raja
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantani Dutta
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Valizadeh S, Hakimian H, Farooq A, Jeon BH, Chen WH, Hoon Lee S, Jung SC, Won Seo M, Park YK. Valorization of biomass through gasification for green hydrogen generation: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128143. [PMID: 36265786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Green and sustainable hydrogen from biomass gasification processes is one of the promising ways to alternate fossil fuels-based hydrogen production. First off, an overview of green hydrogen generation from biomass gasification processes is presented and the corresponding possible gasification reactions and the effect of respective experimental criteria are explained in detail. In addition, a comprehensive explanation of the catalytic effect on tar reduction and hydrogen generation via catalytic gasification is presented regarding the functional mechanisms of various types of catalysts. Furthermore, the commercialization aspects, the associated technical challenges and barriers, and the prospects of a biomass gasification process for green hydrogen generation are discussed. Finally, this comprehensive review provides the related advancements, challenges, and great insight of biomass gasification for the green hydrogen generation to realize a sustainable hydrogen society via biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Valizadeh
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanie Hakimian
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Abid Farooq
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - See Hoon Lee
- Department of Mineral Res. and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Won Seo
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Recent advances and perspectives of perovskite-derived Ni-based catalysts for CO2 reforming of biogas. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Zhang ZY, Zhang T, Wang RK, Yu B, Tang ZY, Zheng HY, He D, Xie T, Hu Z. Photo-enhanced dry reforming of methane over Pt-Au/P25 composite catalyst by coupling plasmonic effect. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Gahtori J, Tucker CL, Khan TS, de Sá Codeço C, Rocha T, Bordoloi A. Highly Efficient ZIF-67-Derived PtCo Alloy-CN Interface for Low-Temperature Aqueous-Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38905-38920. [PMID: 35973160 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Designing new materials for selective Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is an elegant way to enhance local feedstock utilization like biomass and waste. In this approach, we have designed a thermally and chemically stable bimetallic PtCo/NC hybrid nanocomposite catalyst derived from a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67, which contains cobalt as a metal center) through carbonization for low-temperature (413-473 K) aqueous-phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (AFTS). The selectivity of the desired range of hydrocarbons is adjusted using a highly dispersed PtCo bimetallic alloy, which facilitates extraordinary reduction of a metal oxide to active species by the synergic effect under the AFTS reaction conditions. The ZIF-derived catalyst tested in this study exhibited the highest activity to date for very low temperatures (433 K) in aqueous-phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with CO conversion rates between 0.61 and 1.20 molCO·molCo-1·h-1. Insights of the remarkable catalyst activity were examined by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The bimetallic Co3Pt (111) surface was found to be highly active for the C-C coupling reaction between surface-adsorbed C and CO, forming a CCO intermediate with a very low activation barrier (Ea = 0.37 eV), in comparison to the C-C coupling activation barrier obtained over the Co (111) surface (Ea = 0.87 eV). This unique approach and observations create a new path for developing next-generation advanced catalyst systems and processes for selective low-temperature FTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gahtori
- Light and Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chelsea L Tucker
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tuhin S Khan
- Light and Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Tulio Rocha
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Sao Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Ankur Bordoloi
- Light and Stock Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Ge Z, Cao X, Zha Z, Ma Y, Zeng M, Wu Y, Zhang H. The influence of a two-step leaching pretreatment on the steam gasification properties of cornstalk waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127403. [PMID: 35654322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the effect of specific alkali and alkali earth metals forms is vital for the high-efficient gasification of biomass. This work developed a two-step leaching method to pretreat cornstalk, dividing the inorganic metals into water-soluble (K+, 74 wt%), acid-soluble (Al3+, Ca2+, Fe2+, etc) and insoluble (Si4+) substances. The water-soluble K+ was mainly in KCl form, the acid-soluble metals were removed in phosphates and sulfates forms. The rapid gasification properties of raw material, water leaching residue and acid leaching residue indicated that KCl was the key factor to enhance the hydrogen yield and gasification efficiency. Apart from K+, the alkali earth metals (Ca2+, Mg2+) also had a little catalytic effect on producing hydrogen. When the feedstock was out of metal cations, the syngas was mainly composed of CO. The basic ions to acid ions ratio was linearly related to the syngas quality, which could conduct the flux additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Xi Cao
- Institute of Clean Coal Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 272, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhenting Zha
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yuna Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Mingxun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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19
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Gasification of Solid Fuels (Coal, Biomass and MSW): Overview, Challenges and Mitigation Strategies. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Currently, hydrogen energy is the most promising energy vector, while gasification is one of the major routes for its production. However, gasification suffers from various issues, including slower carbon conversion, poor syngas quality, lower heating value and higher emissions. Multiple factors affect gasification performance, such as the selection of gasifiers, feedstock’s physicochemical properties and operating conditions. In this review, the status of gasification, key gasifier technologies and the effect of solid-fuel (i.e., coal, biomass and MSW) properties on gasification performance are reviewed critically. Based on the current review, the co-gasification of coal, biomass and solid waste, along with a partial utilisation of CO2 as a reactant, are suggested. Furthermore, a technological breakthrough in carbon capture and sequestration is needed to make it industrially viable.
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20
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Stigsson C, Furusjö E, Börjesson P. A model of an integrated hydrothermal liquefaction, gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process for converting lignocellulosic forest residues into hydrocarbons. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 353:126070. [PMID: 34624474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a model of an integrated biomass-to-liquid process, consisting of hydrothermal liquefaction, evaporation, gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, using lignocellulosic forest residues as feedstock, to produce hydrocarbons suitable for upgrading to drop-in biofuels. The energy, mass and carbon efficiencies obtained were 40%, 20% and 32%, respectively. The Fischer-Tropsch crude carbon chain length distribution peaked at carbon chain length 10 with a heavy right tail , which is beneficial for upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch crude to jet fuel. Life cycle assessment was performed for two potential production plants at different sites in Sweden (one in northern Sweden and the other in southern Sweden). Compared with the fossil fuel comparator in the European Union's Renewable Energy Directive (II), the reduction in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions was 85-95% for the Fischer-Tropsch crude produced in northern Sweden and 92-97% for that produced in southern Sweden, depending on differences in the transportation distance and feedstock used.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stigsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - E Furusjö
- Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Laboratorievägen 14, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5604, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Börjesson
- Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Biomass Gasification in Downdraft Gasifiers: A Technical Review on Production, Up-Gradation and Application of Synthesis Gas. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid climate change and forecasted damage from fossil fuel combustion, forced researchers to investigate renewable and clean energy sources for the sustainable development of societies throughout the world. Biomass-based energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources for meeting daily energy needs, which are gaining in popularity daily. Gasification-based bioenergy production is an effective way to replace fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. Even though biomass gasification has been studied extensively, there is still much opportunity for improvement in terms of high-quality syngas generation (high H2/CO ratio) and reduced tar formation. Furthermore, the presence of tar has a considerable impact on syngas quality. Downdraft gasifiers have recently shown a significant potential for producing high-quality syngas with lower tar concentrations. This article presents a comprehensive review on the advancement in biomass downdraft gasification technologies for high-quality synthesis gas. In addition, factors affecting syngas production and composition e.g., equivalency ratio, temperature, particle size, and gasification medium on synthesis gas generation are also comprehensively studied. The up-gradation and various applications of synthesis gas are also discussed in brief in this review article.
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22
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Jiang P, Zhao G, Liu L, Zhang H, Mu L, Lu X, Zhu J. A negative-carbon footprint process with mixed biomass feedstock maximizes conversion efficiency, product value and CO 2 mitigation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127004. [PMID: 35304255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The great variety of biomass species offers unique features for synergistic optimization of process outcomes. In this work, spent mushroom substrate and bagasse with optimize ratio were processed to produce value-added products of activated carbon and biofuel yet achieve negative CO2 emission. By integrating experimental characterization, this work uses process simulation, techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment to evaluate the techno-economic viability and CO2 footprint of processes with single or dual-/mixed-biomass feedstocks. The combination of biomass species provides unique match of the production of flue gas and primary carbon that is critical for the optimization of mass and energy flow. Such combination has been demonstrated effective to improve product yield and energy efficiency. Results show that mixed biomass feedstock offers favourable figures such as high carbon efficiency of 66.74%, short payback period of 3.16 years, considerable net present value of 80.48 million dollars, and low GWP of -2.37 kg CO2-eq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Guanhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Liwen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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23
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Tedstone AA, Bin Jumah A, Asuquo E, Garforth AA. Transition metal chalcogenide bifunctional catalysts for chemical recycling by plastic hydrocracking: a single-source precursor approach. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211353. [PMID: 35308628 PMCID: PMC8924768 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfided nickel, an established hydrocracking and hydrotreating catalyst for hydrocarbon refining, was synthesized on porous aluminosilicate supports for the hydrocracking of mixed polyolefin waste. Zeolite beta, zeolite 13X, MCM41 and an amorphous silica-alumina catalyst support were impregnated with the single-source precursor (SSP) nickel (II) ethylxanthate for catalyst support screening. Application of this synthesis method to beta-supported nickel (Ni@Beta), as an alternative to wet impregnation using aqueous nickel (II) nitrate, provided catalytic materials with higher conversion to fluid products at the same mild batch reaction conditions of 330°C with appropriate agitation and 20 bar H2 pressure. Mass balance quantification demonstrated that SSP-derived 5wt%Ni@Beta yielded a greater than 95 wt% conversion of a mixed polyolefin feed to fluid products, compared with 39.8 wt% conversion in the case of 5wt%Ni@Beta prepared by wet impregnation. Liquid and gas products were quantitatively analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing a strong selectivity to saturated C4 (37.3 wt%), C5 (21.6 wt%) and C6 (12.8 wt%) hydrocarbons in the case of the SSP-derived catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander A. Tedstone
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Greater Manchester, M1 3BB, UK
| | - Abdulrahman Bin Jumah
- College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edidiong Asuquo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Greater Manchester, M1 3BB, UK
| | - Arthur A. Garforth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Greater Manchester, M1 3BB, UK
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24
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Nguyen DD, Quy Duc Pham T, Tanveer M, Khan H, Park JW, Park CW, Kim GM. Deep learning-based optimization of a microfluidic membraneless fuel cell for maximum power density via data-driven three-dimensional multiphysics simulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126794. [PMID: 35149180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A deep learning-based method for optimizing a membraneless microfluidic fuel cell (MMFC)performance by combining the artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) was for the first time introduced. A three-dimensional multiphysics model that had an accuracy equivalent to experimental results (R2 = 0.976) was employed to generate the ANN's training data. The constructed ANN is equivalent to the simulation (R2 = 0.999) but with far better computation resource efficiency as the ANN's execution time is only 0.041 s. The ANN model is then used by the GA to determine the inputs (microchannel length = 10.040 mm, width = 0.501 mm, height = 0.635 mm; temperature = 288.210 K, cell voltage = 0.309 V) that lead to the maximum power density of 0.263 mWcm-2 (current density of 0.852 mAcm-2) of the MMFC. The ANN-GA and numerically calculated maximum power densities differed only by 0.766%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Dinh Nguyen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea; National Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, No.4 Pham Van Dong street, Cau Giay district, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thinh Quy Duc Pham
- Institute of Strategies Development, Thu Dau Mot University, 06 Tran Van On, Phu Hoa, Binh Duong, Viet Nam
| | - Muhammad Tanveer
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Haroon Khan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Gyu Man Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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25
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Di Giuliano A, Lucantonio S, Malsegna B, Gallucci K. Pretreated residual biomasses in fluidized beds for chemical looping Gasification: Experimental devolatilizations and characterization of ashes behavior. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126514. [PMID: 34910967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The European research project CLARA (G.A. 817841) has studied pretreated residual biomasses for chemical looping gasification. This work investigated devolatilizations of wheat straw pellets (raw, torrefied, and torrefied-washed) at 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C, performed in fluidized beds made of sand or three oxygen carriers (OCs): integral-average values (gas yield, H2/CO molar ratio, and carbon conversion) were calculated; instantaneous peaks of released syngas were evaluated by regression straight lines. For all biomasses and bed materials, the temperature increase (from 700 to 900 °C) was the dominant parameter, positively affecting all integral-average values. The OCs appeared more active at 900 °C. Biomass pretreatments improved the H2/CO molar ratio and decreased carbon conversion. SEM analyses showed that the purpose of washing (removal of low-melting elements) may be jeopardized by OCs' composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Giuliano
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics (DIIIE), University of L'Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1-loc. Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefania Lucantonio
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics (DIIIE), University of L'Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1-loc. Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Barbara Malsegna
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics (DIIIE), University of L'Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1-loc. Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Katia Gallucci
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics (DIIIE), University of L'Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1-loc. Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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26
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Santos VO, Araujo RO, Ribeiro FCP, Colpani D, Lima VMR, Tenório JAS, Coleti J, Falcão NPS, Chaar JS, de Souza LKC. Analysis of thermal degradation of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) seed using isoconversional models. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Ayub HMU, Ahmed A, Lam SS, Lee J, Show PL, Park YK. Sustainable valorization of algae biomass via thermochemical processing route: An overview. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126399. [PMID: 34822981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels have become an attractive energy source because of the growing energy demand and environmental issues faced by fossil fuel consumption. Algal biomass, particularly microalgae, has excellent potential as feedstock to be converted to bio-oil, biochar, and combustible syngas via thermochemical conversion processes. Third-generation biofuels from microalgal feedstock are the promising option, followed by the first-generation and second-generation biofuels. This paper provides a review of the applications of thermochemical conversion techniques for biofuel production from algal biomass, comprising pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion processes. The progress in the thermochemical conversion of algal biomass is summarized, emphasizing the application of pyrolysis for its benefits over other processes. The review also encompasses the challenges and perspectives associated with the valorization of microalgae to biofuels ascertaining the potential opportunities and possibilities of extending the research into this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashfaq Ahmed
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea; Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Hu Z, Yuan Y, Li X, Tu Z, Donovan Dacres O, Zhu Y, Shi L, Hu H, Liu H, Luo G, Yao H. Yield prediction of "Thermal-dissolution based carbon enrichment" treatment on biomass wastes through coupled model of artificial neural network and AdaBoost. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126083. [PMID: 34610429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The "Thermal-dissolution based carbon enrichment" was proven as an efficient and homogenizing treatment method in converting biomass wastes into similar high-quality carbon materials. However, their yields varied significantly with respect to the different experimental parameters employed. It is therefore imperative to establish the correlation between product yield and experimental parameters for material selection and condition optimization. In this study, Adaboost was coupled with an artificial neural network algorithm to precisely describe the abovementioned correlation. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of this model through its outstanding predicting performance for all the products, especially, the coefficient of determination in predicting the yield of Residue was as high as 0.97. Additionally, the coupling effect of temperature and time was observed. This study not only validates a close correlation between selected experimental parameters and product yields, but also provides a quick and reliable way for material selection and condition optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhengjun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Omar Donovan Dacres
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Liu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hongyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guangqian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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29
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Wang Y, Hu J, Zhang X, Yusuf A, Qi B, Jin H, Liu Y, He J, Wang Y, Yang G, Sun Y. Kinetic Study of Product Distribution Using Various Data-Driven and Statistical Models for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27183-27199. [PMID: 34693138 PMCID: PMC8529696 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Three modeling techniques, namely, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), a comprehensive kinetic with genetic algorithm (CKGA), and a response surface methodology (RSM), were used to study the kinetics of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Using a 29 × 37 (4 independent process parameters as inputs and corresponding 36 responses as outputs) matrix with total 1073 data sets for data training through RBFNN, the established model is capable of predicting hydrocarbon product distribution i.e., the paraffin formation rate (C2-C15) and the olefin to paraffin ratio (OPR) within acceptable uncertainties. With additional validation data sets (15 × 36 matrix with total 540 data sets), the uncertainties of using three different models were compared and the outcomes were: RBFNN (±5% uncertainties), RSM (±10% uncertainties), and CKGA (±30% uncertainties), respectively. A new effective strategy for kinetic study of the complex FT synthesis is proposed: RBFNN is used for data matrix generation with a limited number of experimental data sets (due to its fast converge and less computation time), CKGA is used for mechanism selections by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) approach using a genetic algorithm to find out potential reaction pathways, and RSM is used for statistical analysis of the investigated data matrix (generated from RBFNN through central composite design) upon responses and subsequent singular/multiple optimizations. The proposed strategy is a very useful and practical tool in process engineering design and practice for the product distribution during FT synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Abubakar Yusuf
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Binbin Qi
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, China University
of Petroleum—Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Huan Jin
- School
of Computer Science, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London
(UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Jun He
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- National
Engineering Laboratory of Cleaner Hydrometallurgical Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Yang
- National
Engineering Laboratory of Cleaner Hydrometallurgical Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
- Edith Cowan
University School of Engineering, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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30
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Nickel catalyst in coupled plasma-catalytic system for tar removal. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tar formation is a significant issue during biomass gasification. Catalytic removal of tars with the use of nickel catalyst allows to obtain high conversion rate but coke formation on catalysts surface lead to its deactivation. Toluene decomposition as a tar imitator was studied in gliding discharge plasma-catalytic system with the use of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight Ni and NiO catalyst on Al2O3 (α-Al2O3) and Peshiney (γ-Al2O3) carrier in gas composition similar to the gas after biomass pyrolysis. The optimal concentration of nickel was identified to be 10% by weight on Al2O3. It was stable in all studied initial toluene concentrations, discharge power while C7H8 conversion rate remained high – up to 82%. During the process, nickel catalysts were deactivated by sooth formation on the surface. On catalysts surface, toluene decomposition products were identified including benzyl alcohol and 3-hexen-2-one.
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31
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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass as One of the Most Promising Alternatives for the Synthesis of Advanced Liquid Biofuels: A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185286. [PMID: 34576508 PMCID: PMC8468670 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of biofuels offers advantages over existing fuels because they come from renewable sources, they are biodegradable, their storage and transport are safer, and their emissions into the atmosphere are lower. Biomass is one of the most promising sustainable energy sources with a wide variety of organic materials as raw material. Chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical methods have been proposed to obtain biofuels from raw materials from biomass. In recent years, a thermochemical method that has generated great interest is hydrothermal liquefaction. In this paper, a brief review of the main sources for liquid biofuels and the synthesis processes is presented, with special emphasis on the production of biofuels using hydrothermal liquefaction by using waste generated by human activity as raw material.
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32
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Yang P, Zhao S, Zhang Q, Hu J, Liu R, Huang Z, Gao Y. Synergistic effect of the cotton stalk and high-ash coal on gas production during co-pyrolysis/gasification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125336. [PMID: 34082337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of the cotton stalk (CS) and the high-ash coal (HAC) on the gas production in the co-pyrolysis/gasification processes was studied using the newly designed quartz boat in this work. The gas yield and the concentrations of main gas components were quantitatively compared between the co-pyrolysis/gasification and the individual pyrolysis/gasification. The results showed that the gas yield during the co-pyrolysis was promoted at 950℃. There was almost no interaction between CS and HAC, since the co-pyrolytic gas yield exhibited a linear relationship with CS mixing ratio of 20% to 60%. The catalytic effect of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals that existed in CS, was enhanced by the addition of steam, and the synergistic effect was reduced while gas yield was enhanced with CS blending ratio increasing during co-gasification. The results provided a method to enhance synergistic effect between biomass and coal during co-pyrolysis/gasification in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shuheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Ronghou Liu
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS, No.2 Nengyuan Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou,510640, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Moreira R, Bimbela F, Gil-Lalaguna N, Sánchez JL, Portugal A. Clean syngas production by gasification of lignocellulosic char: State of the art and future prospects. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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34
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Kanakikodi KS, Churipard SR, Bai R, Maradur SP. Upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass-derived furfural: An efficient approach for the synthesis of bio-fuel intermediates over γ-alumina supported sodium aluminate. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Cican G, Deaconu M, Mirea R, Ceatra LC, Cretu M. An Experimental Investigation to Use the Biodiesel Resulting from Recycled Sunflower Oil, and Sunflower Oil with Palm Oil as Fuels for Aviation Turbo-Engines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5189. [PMID: 34068260 PMCID: PMC8153155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper is presenting the experimental analysis of the use of biodiesel from waste sunflower oil and a blend of sunflower oil with palm oil as fuel for aviation turbo-engines. A comparative analysis for fuel mixtures made of Jet A + 5% Aeroshell 500 Oil (Ke) with 10%, 30%, and 50% for each bio-fuel type has been performed and Ke has been used as reference. Firstly, the following physical and chemical properties were determined: density, viscosity, flash point, freezing point, calorific power. Then, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were conducted for Ke, biodiesel obtained from recycled sunflower oil (SF), biodiesel obtained from blending recycled sunflower oil, and recycled palm oil (SFP), and for each fuel blend. Secondly, experimental tests of the blends have been conducted on the Jet Cat P80® micro-turbo engine (Gunt Hamburg, Barsbüttel, Germany). The tests have been conducted at different engine working regimes as follows: idle, cruise, intermediate, and maximum. For each regime, a one-minute testing period was chosen, and the engine parameters have been monitored. The turbo engine instrumentation recorded the temperature after the compressor and before the turbine, the fuel consumption and air flow, pressure inside the combustion chamber, and generated thrust. The burning efficiency and the specific consumption have been calculated for all four above-mentioned regimes and for all fuel blends. Two accelerometers have been installed on the engine's support to register radial and axial vibrations allowing the assessment of engine stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigore Cican
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Deaconu
- National Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 220D Iuliu Maniu, 061126 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (R.M.); (L.C.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Radu Mirea
- National Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 220D Iuliu Maniu, 061126 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (R.M.); (L.C.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Laurentiu Constantin Ceatra
- National Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 220D Iuliu Maniu, 061126 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (R.M.); (L.C.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Mihaiella Cretu
- National Research and Development Institute for Gas Turbines COMOTI, 220D Iuliu Maniu, 061126 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.); (R.M.); (L.C.C.); (M.C.)
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36
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The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The “European Union Training Network for Resource Recovery Through Enhanced Landfill Mining (NEW-MINE)” was a European research project conducted between 2016 and 2020 to investigate the exploration of and resource recovery from landfills as well as the processing of the excavated waste and the valorization of the obtained waste fractions using thermochemical processes. This project yielded more than 40 publications ranging from geophysics via mechanical process engineering to ceramics, which have not yet been discussed coherently in a review publication. This article summarizes and links the NEW-MINE publications and discusses their practical applicability in waste management systems. Within the NEW-MINE project in a first step concentrates of specific materials (e.g., metals, combustibles, inert materials) were produced which might be used as secondary raw materials. In a second step, recycled products (e.g., inorganic polymers, functional glass-ceramics) were produced from these concentrates at the lab scale. However, even if secondary raw materials or recycled products could be produced at a large scale, it remains unclear if they can compete with primary raw materials or products from primary raw materials. Given the ambitions of transition towards a more circular economy, economic incentives are required to make secondary raw materials or recycled products from enhanced landfill mining (ELFM) competitive in the market.
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37
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Qin S, Shekher Giri B, Kumar Patel A, Sar T, Liu H, Chen H, Juneja A, Kumar D, Zhang Z, Kumar Awasthi M, Taherzadeh MJ. Resource recovery and biorefinery potential of apple orchard waste in the circular bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124496. [PMID: 33302013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review investigate the apple orchard waste (AOW) is potential organic resources to produce multi-product and there sustainable interventions with biorefineries approaches to assesses the apple farm industrial bioeconomy. The thermochemical and biological processes like anaerobic digestion, composting and , etc., that generate distinctive products like bio-chemicals, biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed and biomaterial, etc can be employed for AOW valorization. Integrating these processes can enhanced the yield and resource recovery sustainably. Thus, employing biorefinery approaches with allied different methods can link to the progression of circular bioeconomy. This review article mainly focused on the different biological processes and thermochemical that can be occupied for the production of waste to-energy and multi-bio-product in a series of reaction based on sustainability. Therefore, the biorefinery for AOW move towards identification of the serious of the reaction with each individual thermochemical and biological processes for the conversion of one-dimensional providences to circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Qin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Center for Excellence for Sustainable Polymer, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ankita Juneja
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 402 Walters Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
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38
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Ibarra-Gonzalez P, Christensen LP, Rong BG. A critical review of separation technologies in lignocellulosic biomass conversion to liquid transportation fuels production processes. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1874367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ibarra-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Porskjaer Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ben-Guang Rong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
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39
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Xu Q, Sheng X, Jia H, Li N, Zhang J, Shi H, Niu M, Ping Q. Diatomite Stabilized KOH: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Cyclopentanone Self‐condensation. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Xueru Sheng
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Haiyuan Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Shandong Academy of Sciences Qilu University of Technology No. 3501, Daxue Road Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Haiqiang Shi
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Meihong Niu
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Ping
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 Liaoning P. R. China
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40
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Sharma S, Kundu A, Basu S, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM. Sustainable environmental management and related biofuel technologies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111096. [PMID: 32734892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental sustainability criteria and rising energy demands, exhaustion of conventional resources of energy followed by environmental degradation due to abrupt climate changes have shifted the attention of scientists to seek renewable sources of green and clean energy for sustainable development. Bioenergy is an excellent alternative since it can be applied for several energy-requirements after utilizing suitable conversion methodology. This review elucidates all aspects of biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, and butanol) and their sustainability criteria. The principal focus is on the latest developments in biofuel production chiefly stressing on the role of nanotechnology. A plethora of investigations regarding the emerging techniques for process improvement like integration methods, less energy-intensive distillation techniques, and bioengineering of microorganisms are discussed. This can assist in making biofuel-production in a real-world market more economically and environmentally viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India
| | - Aayushi Kundu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India; Affiliate Faculty-TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India; Affiliate Faculty-TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, India.
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi, 580 027, India.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Pharmaceutical Engineering, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, 580 002, Karnataka, India.
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41
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Yang Q, Xu S, Yang Q, Zhang D, Li Z, Zhou H, Zhu S. Optimal design and exergy analysis of biomass-to-ethylene glycol process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123972. [PMID: 32791459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene glycol production has been significantly augmented in recent years due to its various uses. However, conventional oil and coal-based ethylene glycol routes are forcing severe obstacles in production cost and pollutant emissions. Biomass is regarded as a potential contributor to cleaner and sustainable development of the energy sector. Herein, an efficient biomass-to-ethylene glycol (BtEG) process is firstly proposed and analyzed by the simulator, Aspen Plus software. Its key operational parameters are investigated and optimized after the validation of the established models and simulation results. Results show that the optimal oxygen/biomass ratio and temperature of biomass gasifier are 0.4 t/t and 1300 °C. The optimal reaction temperature, pressure, and H2/DMO ratio of ethylene glycol synthesis reactor are 220 °C, 4.0 MPa, and 4.5 kmol/kmol, respectively. After conducting carbon and exergy analyses, it found that the carbon and exergy efficiencies of this process are calculated as 37.64% and 38.74%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China.
| | - Simin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
| | - Huairong Zhou
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
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42
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Gasification Applicability of Korean Municipal Waste Derived Solid Fuel: A Comparative Study. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaining energy independence by utilizing new and renewable energy resources has become imperative for Korea. Energy recovery from Korean municipal solid waste (MSW) could be a promising option to resolve the issue, as Korean MSW is highly recyclable due to its systematic separation, collection and volume-based waste disposal system. In this study, gasification experiments were conducted on Korean municipal waste-derived solid fuel (SRF) using a fixed bed reactor by varying the equivalence ratio (ER) to assess the viability of syngas production. Experiments were also conducted on coal and biomass under similar conditions to compare the experimental results, as the gasification applicability of coal and biomass are long-established. Experimental results showed that Korean SRF could be used to recover energy in form of syngas. In particular, 50.94% cold gas efficiency and 54.66% carbon conversion ratio with a lower heating value of 12.57 MJ/Nm3 can be achieved by gasifying the SRF at 0.4 ER and 900 °C. However, compared to coal and biomass, the syngas efficiency of Korean SRF was less, which can be resolved by operating the gasification processes at high temperatures. If proper research and development activities are conducted on Korean SRF, it could be a good substitute for fossil fuels in the future.
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43
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Investigating the Use of Recycled Pork Fat-Based Biodiesel in Aviation Turbo Engines. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the possibility of using recycled pork fat-based biodiesel as fuel for aviation turbo-engines. The analysis consists of the assessment of four blends of Jet A kerosene with 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% biodiesel and pure Jet A that was used as reference in the study. The first part of the paper presents the physical-chemical properties of the blends: density, viscosity, flash point, freezing point, and calorific power. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, a benchmark was performed on the mixtures of Jet A with 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 100% biodiesel compared with Jet A. The second part of the paper presents the test results of these blends used for fuelling a Jet Cat P80 turbo engine at the Turbo Engines Laboratory of the Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Polyethnic University of Bucharest. These functional tests were performed using different operating regimes as follows: idle, cruise, intermediate, and maximum. For each regime, a testing period of around 1 min was selected and the engine parameters were monitored during the test execution. The burning efficiency was calculated for the maximum regime for all mixtures. To evaluate the functioning stability of the turbo engine using biodiesel, two accelerometers were mounted on the engine support that recorded the radial and axial vibrations. Moreover, to assess the burning stability and to identify other acoustic spectral components when biodiesel is used, two microphones were placed near the jet region. A comparative analysis between blends was made by taking the Jet A fuel as reference.
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