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Patil Y, Ku X, Vasudev V. Pyrolysis Characteristics and Determination of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of Raw and Torrefied Chinese Fir. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34938-34947. [PMID: 37779928 PMCID: PMC10536841 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Torrefaction influences the structural and physicochemical properties of biomass, thus further altering its thermal degradation behavior. In this study, the pyrolysis characteristics, reaction kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters of raw and torrefied Chinese fir (CF) were investigated. The torrefaction was conducted at 220 °C (mild) and 280 °C (severe), the pyrolysis was performed from ambient temperature to 600 °C, and four different heating rates (i.e., 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C/min) were adopted. The activation energy for pyrolysis was estimated by adopting three isoconversional methods. The master-plot method was employed to analyze the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters, i.e., the enthalpy change (ΔH), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), and entropy change (ΔS), were calculated. The average activation energy increased with the torrefaction temperature, whose values estimated by using different methods ranged from 88.57 to 97.70, from 121.04 to 126.35, and from 167.51 to 179.74 kJ/mol for raw, mildly, and severely torrefied CF samples, respectively. A compensation effect between the activation energy and pre-exponential factor was observed for all samples. The degradation process was characterized as endothermic, involving the formation of activated complexes and requiring extra energy for torrefied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Patil
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Ku
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Vikul Vasudev
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
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2
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Liu H, Zhao B, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Influence of Intrinsic Physicochemical Properties of Agroforestry Waste on Its Pyrolysis Characteristics and Behavior. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:222. [PMID: 36614562 PMCID: PMC9822187 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the qualitative and quantitative effects of the intrinsic properties of biomass on its pyrolysis characteristics and assess the behavior of agroforestry waste, thermogravimetric analyses of three representative agroforestry wastes, namely rape (Brassica campestris L.) straw (RS), apple (Malus domestica) tree branches (ATB), and pine (Pinus sp.) sawdust (PS), were carried out by pyrolysis under dynamic conditions (30 to 900 °C) at different heating rates of 5, 10, and 15 °C·min-1. Correlation analysis showed that intrinsic physicochemical properties play distinct roles in different stages of pyrolysis. The ash content was negatively correlated with the temperature range (R2) of the second stage (190-380 °C) of pyrolysis. The lignin content and the amount of pyrolysis residues (RSS) were positively correlated. Kinetic triplets, including the activation energy (Ea), pre-exponential factor (A), and reaction model [f(α)], were obtained using different methods, including the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Freidman, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Starink methods. The mean activation energy (Ea[mean]) for RS, ATB, and PS calculated by the different methods ranged from 167.15 to 195.58 kJ·mol-1, 195.37 to 234.95 kJ·mol-1, and 191.27-236.45 kJ·mol-1, respectively. Correlation analysis of the intrinsic physicochemical characteristics and kinetic factors of agroforestry waste showed that the minimum Ea (Ea[min]) was significantly positively correlated with heat capacity (C0) and negatively correlated with thermal diffusivity (D). The Ea[mean] and the maximum value of Ea (Ea[max]) significantly positively correlated with the sum content of cellulose and lignin, indicating that the contents of cellulose and lignin determines the energy required for the pyrolysis process of agroforestry waste. The mechanism of degradation involves the diffusion model (D1, D2, and D3), the growth model (A4), and the geometrical contraction model (R3). These results indicate that the pyrolysis of agroforestry waste is a complex process due to the heterogeneity of its intrinsic physicochemical properties.
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3
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Ma J, Feng S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Kong W, Yuan P, Shen B, Mu L. Pyrolysis characteristics of biodried products derived from municipal organic wastes: Synergistic effect of bulking agents and modification of biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112300. [PMID: 34736638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Derived from the biodrying of municipal organic wastes (MOWs), biodried products (BPs) are widely identified as renewable energy sources. In this study, for efficient energy recovery, the pyrolysis characteristics of BPs were investigated by comprehensive kinetic analysis, with special focus on the synergistic effect of bulking agents and the influence of biodegradation. Compared with theoretical raw materials (RMs), it was suggested that the synergistic effect of organics and lignocelluloses in RMs promoted decomposition in Stage 1 (400-570 K), especially for the pyrolysis of RM using sawdust, during which the positive effect achieved decomposition in advance with lower overlap ratio (0.9264) and ΔW (-9.50% at 619.0 K) values. Furthermore, compared with RMs, it was indicated that the kinetic indices (Ea and ln A values) of the BPs were upward in Stage 1 and decreased in Stage 2 due to biodegradation. The results of ΔH, ΔG and ΔS indicated that BP pyrolysis required more heat supply as the reaction progressed but formed a more organized activated complex. In addition, biodegradation observably decreased the generation of gas products and typical functional groups of volatiles during BP pyrolysis, such as CO2 and CO, which presented decreasing ratios of 32.18-42.47% and 30.25-46.47%, respectively. In general, the pyrolysis of BPs was intensified by bulking agents and modified by biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Lan Mu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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4
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Joraid AA, Okasha RM, Al-Maghrabi MA, Afifi TH, Agatemor C, Abd-El-Aziz AS. Thermodynamic Parameters of Non-isothermal Degradation of a New Family of Organometallic Dendrimer with Isoconversional Methods. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Cui B, Chen Z, Guo D, Liu Y. Investigations on the pyrolysis of microalgal-bacterial granular sludge: Products, kinetics, and potential mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126328. [PMID: 34780909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the pyrolysis of microalgal-bacterial granular sludge for producing bio-oil and biochar. Results showed that the bio-oil productivity of pyrolyzed MBGS reached 39.5-45.4 wt%, while 23.8-41.2% for the nitrogen-containing bio-oil at the temperature of 673-1073 K. Meanwhile the biochar with a nitrogen content of 3.7-7.0 wt% could also be produced. Moreover, the Van-Krevelen diagram revealed that produced bio-oil had a H/C ratio higher than that from agroforestry biomass, but its O/C ratio was found to be similar to those of coal and biochar. It further appeared from a mass conservation analysis that the highest bio-oil production yield was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 773 K, while the pyrolytic kinetics of MBGS in the temperature range studied was governed by the 3-D diffusion mechanism with the activation energy of 224.96 kJ·mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Dabin Guo
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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6
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Li Y, Yellezuome D, Liu R, Cai J, Gao Y. Investigation of product selectivity and kinetics of poplar sawdust catalytic pyrolysis over bi-metallic Iron-Nickel/ZSM-5 catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126838. [PMID: 35151847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Py-GC/MS and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to systematically explore product selectivity and kinetics of poplar sawdust catalytic pyrolysis over bi-metallic Fe-Ni/ZSM-5. The results showed that the Fe-Ni/ZSM-5 exhibited an additive effect on the production of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compared to mono-metallic catalysts (Fe/ZSM-5 or Ni/ZSM-5). Fe-Ni/ZSM-5 further increased the yield of toluene (17.28 mg g-1), which was 41.4% and 80.9% higher than Fe/ZSM-5 and Ni/ZSM-5, respectively. According to the kinetic analysis, the average activation energy obtained from catalytic pyrolysis with Fe-Ni/ZSM-5 using the methods of Friedman, Starink, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose was 156.19, 152.39, 154.30, and 152.11 kJ mol-1, respectively. Fe-Ni/ZSM-5 addition lowered the activation energy compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis at the conversion rate of 0.15-0.75. The overall catalytic pyrolysis process of poplar sawdust follows the diffusion and nucleation models. The thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy and entropy) showed positive and negative values, respectively, indicating non-spontaneous reactions during the catalytic pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Li
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Dominic Yellezuome
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ronghou Liu
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Junmeng Cai
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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7
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Zhou X, Zhao J, Chen M, Zhao G, Wu S. Influence of catalyst and solvent on the hydrothermal liquefaction of woody biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126354. [PMID: 34798249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction of woody biomass with catalysts was commonly applied in bio-energy research, but the effects of catalyst and solvent on yield and properties of bio-energy are not clear. In this work, the influences of catalyst and solvent on bio-energy production were studied, during which four solvents and three catalysts were used, and the liquefaction parameters were optimized by experimental and Machine learning (ML) method. Results show that the maximum yields of bio-oil and biochar are 65.0% and 32.0%, respectively, and the caloricvalues of bio-oil and biochar are 31.2 MJ/kg and 26.5 MJ/kg, respectively. Alkaline catalysts and 1,4-butanediol-triethanolamine mix solvent can benefit the bio-energy generation. In addition, a Random Forest (RF) was developed to forecast the yields, and the method performed well with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Highway Construction and Maintenance Technology in Loess Region of Ministry of Transport, Shanxi Transportation Technology Research & Development Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meizhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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8
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Sangaré D, Bostyn S, Moscosa Santillán M, García-Alamilla P, Belandria V, Gökalp I. Comparative pyrolysis studies of lignocellulosic biomasses: Online gas quantification, kinetics triplets, and thermodynamic parameters of the process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126598. [PMID: 34953991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the analysis of the pyrolytic behavior of four lignocellulosic biomasses: avocado stone (AS), Agave salmiana bagasse (AB), cocoa shell (CS), and α-cellulose (CEL). According to the triplet kinetics analysis, the order of pyrolytic decomposition was AS < AB < CEL < CS. The AS was dominated by a second-order reaction, while AB followed a 2D diffusion-Valensi model. On the other hand, the pyrolysis of CS starts with an nth-order reaction and ends random nucleation model, and CEL was dominated by one-dimensional diffusion and first-order reaction. Thermodynamic studies reveal that the difference between the activation energy versus enthalpy change was<6.5 kJ/mol for all biomasses, thus showing the ease of pyrolysis reaction of these biomasses. Furthermore, the AS and AB showed that the reactions are close to thermodynamic equilibrium and stability, whereas CS and CEL indicated high reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diakaridia Sangaré
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Nava # 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210, Mexico
| | - Stéphane Bostyn
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Université d'Orléans, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 16 rue d'Issoudun, BP16724, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Mario Moscosa Santillán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Av. Dr. Nava # 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210, Mexico.
| | - Pedro García-Alamilla
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias (DACA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25 Ra. La Huasteca. Centro, Tabasco C.P. 86280, Mexico
| | - Verónica Belandria
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; Université d'Orléans, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, 16 rue d'Issoudun, BP16724, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Iskender Gökalp
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE)-CNRS UPR3021, 1C avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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9
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Banerjee A, Vithusha T, Krishna BB, Kumar J, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Pyrolysis of de-oiled yeast biomass of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32: Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters using thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125534. [PMID: 34325397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for natural resources has highlighted the need to search for unutilized carbon resource that satisfy the demand and pose a minor threat to the environment. Yeast is a microbe with large industrial applications, and the biomass leftover after fermentation needs utilization for achieving increased efficiency. De-oiled yeast biomass (DYB), the residue after yeast lipid extraction, has not yet been evaluated for its potential application in the pyrolysis process. The present study was performed to understand its detailed pyrolysis kinetics. The observed activation energy (87-216 KJ/mol), random nucleation mechanism, pre-exponential factor (7.87 × 1031-3.24 × 1031/min), and thermodynamic profile showed the DYB pyrolysis process to be feasible. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - T Vithusha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur Haridwar Road, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19 Kamla Nagar, Ghaziabad 210002, India.
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10
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Sahoo A, Gautam R, Kumar S, Mohanty K. Energy optimization from a binary mixture of non-edible oilseeds pyrolysis: Kinetic triplets analysis using Thermogravimetric Analyser and prediction modeling by Artificial Neural Network. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113253. [PMID: 34284329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of two non-edible seeds, Pongamia pinnata (PP) and Sapindus emarginatus (SE), and their blend in the ratio of 1:1 (PS) were studied using the thermogravimetric analyzer. Kinetic triplets were determined using both model-free [Starink (STR), Friedman (FRM), Iterative Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (IT-KAS), Iterative Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (IT-OFW), Vyazovkin (VYZ), and Master plot (MP)] and model fitting Coats-Redfern (CR) methods at three different heating rates 10, 30 and 50 °C/min. Activation energies were 192.66, 179.44, and 163.25 kJ/mol for PP, SE, and PS, respectively. It was found that the blend of the two-biomass (PS) showed promising results with lower activation energy compared to the individual biomass. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH) were obtained using the model-free isoconversional method. The three hidden layers of complex neuron topology are well fitted to the experimental DTG curves by artificial neural network (ANN). The study confirmed that the heating rate had a significant impact on the kinetics and thermodynamic parameters. The reaction mechanism was also in consonance with the experimental data. The study suggests that the PP and SE seeds can be an appropriate feed for pyrolysis, and their blend (PS) can be a viable alternative in optimizing the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Sahoo
- Department of Energy Engineering, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835205, India.
| | - Rupali Gautam
- Department of Nanotechnology, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835205, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Energy Engineering, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835205, India; Centre of Excellence - Green and Efficient Energy Technology (CoE-GEET), CUJ, Ranchi, 835205, India.
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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11
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Ikegwu U, Ozonoh M, Okoro NJM, Daramola MO. Effect and Optimization of Process Conditions during Solvolysis and Torrefaction of Pine Sawdust Using the Desirability Function and Genetic Algorithm. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20112-20129. [PMID: 34395964 PMCID: PMC8358964 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding optimal process conditions is an essential step in providing high-quality fuel for energy production, efficient energy generation, and plant development. Thus, the effect of process conditions such as the temperature, time, nitrogen-to-solid ratio (NSR), and liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR) on pretreated waste pine sawdust (PSD) via torrefaction and solvolysis is presented. The desirability function approach and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to optimize the processes. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine the effect of the process conditions mentioned above on the higher heating value (HHV), mass yield (MY), and energy enhancement factor (EEF) of biochar/hydrochar obtained from waste PSD. Seventeen experiments were designed each for torrefaction and solvolysis processes. The benchmarked process conditions were as follows: temperature, 200-300 °C; time, 30-120 min; NSR/LSR, 4-5. In this study, the operating temperature was the most influential variable that affected the pretreated fuel's properties, with the NSR and LSR having the least effect. The oxygen-to-carbon content ratio and the HHV of the pretreated fuel sample were compared between the two pretreatment methods investigated. Solvolysis pretreatment showed a higher reduction in the oxygen-to-carbon content ratio of 47%, while 44% reduction was accounted for the torrefaction process. A higher mass loss and energy content were also obtained from solvolysis than the torrefaction process. From the optimization process results, the accuracy of the optimal process conditions was higher for GA (299 °C, 30.07 min, and 4.12 NSR for torrefaction and 295.10 °C, 50.85 min, and 4.55 LSR for solvolysis) than that of the desirability function based on RSM. The models developed were reliable for evaluating the operating process conditions of the methods studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochukwu
M. Ikegwu
- School
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and the Built Environment, University of
the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Maxwell Ozonoh
- School
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and the Built Environment, University of
the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Enugu State University
of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Nnanna-Jnr M. Okoro
- School
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and the Built Environment, University of
the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Department
of Environmental Management, Federal University
of Technology Owerri, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Michael O. Daramola
- School
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and the Built Environment, University of
the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria,
Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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12
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Vasudev V, Ku X, Lin J. Combustion Behavior of Algal Biochars Obtained at Different Pyrolysis Heating Rates. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19144-19152. [PMID: 34337252 PMCID: PMC8320102 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the combustion performance of Chlorella vulgaris (CV), Dunaliella salina (DS), and Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) algal biochars was analyzed based on the multicomponent method. The biochars were obtained via nonisothermal pyrolysis of raw algal biomasses at three different heating rates (i.e., 30, 40, and 50 °C/min), and biochar combustion was performed from 200 to 700 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The complex oxidative reaction of algal biochar was resolved into combined reactions of multiple pseudo-components based on the peak deconvolution method using a bi-Gaussian model. The activation energies (E a) for each pseudo-component (PC) of all biochar samples were calculated by the Coats-Redfern isoconversional method and four kinetic models (i.e., diffusion, nucleation, order-based, and shrinking core models). The results showed that the highest E a values were predicted by the diffusion model. Except that the E a for the first PC of CV biochar decreased by 16.45%, the E a values for all other biochar samples generally increased with increasing the pyrolysis heating rate. Moreover, when the diffusion model was used, the E a for the second PC of CV biochar increased by 50.87%, that for the first PC of DS biochar increased by 16.85%, and those for the first and third PCs of HP biochar increased by 4.66 and 11.66%, respectively. In addition, the combustibility index (Sn ) was evaluated based on the ignition and burnout temperatures as well as the mean and maximum weight loss rates. Generally, the combustion performance of all biochar samples was good at a low temperature but deteriorated toward a high temperature. As the pyrolysis heating rate increases, an overall increase in the combustion quality was also seen for the second PC of CV biochar and the first PCs of DS and HP biochars because their Sn increased from 2.70 × 10-15 to 3.07 × 10-15 °C-5, 2.53 × 10-13 to 3.88 × 10-13 °C-5, and 3.00 × 10-13 to 3.26 × 10-13 °C-5, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikul Vasudev
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Ku
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
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