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Tang Z, Wu C, Tang W, Huang M, Ma C, He YC. Enhancing enzymatic saccharification of sunflower straw through optimal tartaric acid hydrothermal pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129279. [PMID: 37321308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower straw, a usually neglected and abundant agricultural waste, has great potential for contributing to environmental protection realizing its high-value of valorization if utilizing properly. Because hemicellulose contains amorphous polysaccharide chains, relatively mild organic acid pretreatment can effectively reduce its resistance. Through hydrothermal pretreatment, sunflower straw was pretreated in tartaric acid (1 wt%) at 180 oC for 60 min to enhance its reducing sugar recovery. After tartaric acid-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment, 39.9% of lignin and 90.2% of hemicellulose were eliminated. The reducing sugar recovery increased threefold, while the solution could be effectively reused for four cycles. The properties of more porous surface, improved accessibility, and decreased surface lignin area of sunflower straw were observed through various characterizations, which explained the improved saccharide recovery and provided a basis for the mechanism of tartaric acid-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment. Overall, this tartaric acid hydrothermal pretreatment strategy greatly provided new impetus for the biomass refinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Changqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Menghan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Cuiluan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
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2
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Zhu YX, Zhang X, Yang WC, Li JF. Enhancement of Biomass Conservation and Bioethanol Production of Sweet Sorghum Silage by Constructing Synergistic Microbial Consortia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0365922. [PMID: 36645314 PMCID: PMC9927380 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03659-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient storage of materials before bioethanol production could be key to improving pretreatment protocol and facilitating biodegradation, in turn improving the cost-effectiveness of biomass utilization. Biological inoculants were investigated for their effects on ensiling performance, biodegradability of silage materials, and final bioethanol yield from sweet sorghum. Two cellulolytic microbial consortia (CF and PY) were used to inoculate silages of sweet sorghum, with and without combined lactic acid bacteria (Xa), for up to 60 days of ensiling. We found that the consortia notably decreased pH and ammonia nitrogen content while increasing lactic acid/acetic acid ratios. The microbes also functioned in synergy with Xa, significantly reducing lignocellulose content and improving biomass preservation. First-order exponential decay models captured the kinetics of nonstructural carbohydrates and suggested high water-soluble carbohydrate (grams per kilogram dry matter [DM]) preservation potential in PY-Xa (33.48), followed by CF-Xa (30.51). Combined addition efficiently improved enzymatic hydrolysis and enhanced bioethanol yield, and sweet sorghum treated with PY-Xa had the highest ethanol yield (28.42 g L-1). Thus, combined bioaugmentation of synergistic microbes provides an effective method of improving biomass preservation and bioethanol production from sweet sorghum silages. IMPORTANCE Ensiling is an effective storage approach to ensure stable year-round supply for downstream biofuel production; it offers combined facilities of storage and pretreatment. There are challenges in ensiling sweet sorghum due to its coarse structure and high fiber content. This study provides a meaningful evaluation of the effects of adding microbial consortia, with and without lactic acid bacteria, on changes in key properties of sweet sorghum. This study highlighted the bioaugmented ensiling using cellulolytic synergistic microbes to outline a cost-effective strategy to store and pretreat sweet sorghum for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Feng Li
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Bao X, Guo G, Huo W, Li Q, Xu Q, Chen L. Ensiling pretreatment fortified with laccase and microbial inoculants enhances biomass preservation and bioethanol production of alfalfa stems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159442. [PMID: 36252666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of ensiling pretreatment fortified with laccase and a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant on improving the utilization of alfalfa stems for bioethanol production. The alfalfa stems were ensiled with no additives (Con), 0.04 % laccase (LA), a LAB inoculant containing Pediococcus pentosaceus at 1 × 106 fresh weight (FW) and Pediococcus acidilactici at 3 × 105 cfu/g FW (PP), and a combination of LA and PP (LAP) for 120 days. By reshaping the bacterial community structure of alfalfa stem silages toward a higher abundance of Lactobacillus, the addition of laccase and LAB inoculant either alone or in combination facilitated lactic acid fermentation to reduce fermentation losses, as evidenced by low concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (53.7 to 68.9 g/kg total nitrogen) and ethanol (2.63 to 3.55 g/kg dry matter). All additive treatments increased lignocellulose degradation and soluble sugars concentrations of alfalfa stem silages. Due to delignification and polyphenol removal, glucan and xylan conversion (70.3 % vs. 35.7 % and 51.6 % vs. 27.9 %, respectively) and ethanol conversion efficiency (53.9 % vs. 26.4 %) of alfalfa stems were greatly increased by ensiling fortified with LA versus Con, and these variables (79.8 % for glucan, 58.7 % for xylan, and 60.1 % for ethanol conversion efficiency) were further enhanced with a synergistic effect of LA and PP fortification. The spearman correlation analysis revealed that bioethanol fermentation of silage biomass was closely related to ensiling parameters and total phenols. In conclusion, ensiling pretreatment with LA and PP combination offered a feasible way to efficient utilization of alfalfa stems for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Bao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China.
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Effect of Novel Aspergillus and Neurospora species-Based Additive on Ensiling Parameters and Biomethane Potential of Sugar Beet Leaves. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on additives that improve the quality of silages for an enhanced and sustainable biogas production are limited in the literature. Frequently used additives such as lactic acid bacteria enhance the quality of silages but have no significant effect on biogas yield. This study investigated the effect of a new enzymatic additive on the quality of ensiling and BMP of sugar beet leaves. Sugar beet leaves were ensiled with and without the additive (Aspergillus- and Neurospora-based additive) in ratios of 50:1 (A50:1), 150:1 (B150:1), and 500:1 (C500:1) (gsubstrate/gadditive) for 370 days at ambient temperature. Results showed that silages with additive had lower yeast activity and increased biodegradability compared to silages without additive (control). The additive increased the BMP by 45.35%, 24.23%, and 21.69% in silages A50:1, B150:1, and C500:1 respectively, compared to silages without additive (control). Although the novel enzyme is in its early stage, the results indicate that it has a potential for practical application at an additive to substrate ratio (g/g) of 1:50. The use of sugar beet leaves and the novel enzyme for biogas production forms part of the circular economy since it involves the use of wastes for clean energy production.
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Li M, Jiang B, Wu W, Wu S, Yang Y, Song J, Ahmad M, Jin Y. Current understanding and optimization strategies for efficient lignin-enzyme interaction: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:274-286. [PMID: 34883164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
From energy perspective, with abundant polysaccharides (45-85%), the renewable lignocellulosic is recognized as the 2nd generation feedstock for bioethanol and bio-based products production. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a critical pathway to yield fermentable monosaccharides from pretreated substrates of lignocellulose. Nevertheless, the lignin presence in lignocellulosic substrates leads to the low substrate enzymatic digestibility ascribed to the nonproductive adsorption. It has been reported that the water-soluble lignin (low molecular weight, sulfonated/sulfomethylated and graft polymer) enhance the rate of enzymatic digestibility, however, the catalytic mechanism of lignin-enzyme interaction remains elusive. In this review, optimization strategies for enzymatic hydrolysis based on the lignin structural modification, enzyme engineering, and different additives are critically reviewed. Lignin-enzyme interaction mechanism is also discussed (lignin and various cellulases). In addition, the mathematical models and simulation of lignin, cellulose and enzyme aims for promoting an integrated biomass-conversion process for sustainable production of value-added biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yiqin Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mehraj Ahmad
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Chen WH, Nižetić S, Sirohi R, Huang Z, Luque R, M Papadopoulos A, Sakthivel R, Phuong Nguyen X, Tuan Hoang A. Liquid hot water as sustainable biomass pretreatment technique for bioenergy production: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126207. [PMID: 34715344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as one of the most versatile energy sources among the research community for the production of biofuels and value-added chemicals. However, biomass pretreatment plays an important role in reducing the recalcitrant properties of lignocellulose, leading to superior quality of target products in bioenergy production. Among existing pretreatment techniques, liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment has several outstanding advantages compared to others including minimum formation of monomeric sugars, significant removal of hemicellulose, and positive environmental impacts; however, several constraints of LHW pretreatment should be clarified. This contribution aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of reaction mechanism, reactor characteristics, influencing factors, techno-economic aspects, challenges, and prospects for LHW-based biomass pretreatment. Generally, LHW pretreatment could be widely employed in bioenergy processing from biomass, but circular economy-based advanced pretreatment techniques should be further studied in the future to achieve maximum efficiency, and minimum cost and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Sandro Nižetić
- University of Split, FESB, Rudjera Boskovica 32, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zuohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Ctra. Nnal. IV-A, Km. 396, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Agis M Papadopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R Sakthivel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Xuan Phuong Nguyen
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
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Li J, Ding H, Zhao J, Wang S, Dong Z, Shao T. Characterization and identification of a novel microbial consortium M2 and its effect on fermentation quality and enzymatic hydrolysis of sterile rice straw. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1687-1699. [PMID: 34662476 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and enrich lignocellulolytic microbial consortia from yak (Bos grunniens) rumen and evaluate their effects on the fermentation characteristics and enzymatic hydrolysis in rice straw silage. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel microbial consortium M2 with high CMCase and xylanase activities was enriched and observed to be prone to use natural carbon sources. Its predominant genus was Enterococcus, and most carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes belonged to the glycosyl hydrolases class. The consortium M2 was introduced with or without combined lactic acid bacteria (XA) to rice straw silage for 60 days. Inoculating the consortium M2 notably decreased the structural carbohydrate contents and pH of rice straw silages. Treatment that combines consortium M2 and XA resulted in the highest levels of lactic acid and lignocellulose degradation. The consortium M2 alone or combined with XA significantly (p < 0.01) increased water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs), mono- and disaccharides contents compared with the XA silage. Combined addition obviously improved the enzymatic conversion efficiency of rice straw silage with higher glucose and xylose yields (23.39 and 12.91 w/w% DM, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Ensiling pretreatment with the microbial consortium M2 in sterile rice straw improved fermentation characteristics. The combined application of consortium M2 with XA had synergistic effects on promoting the degradation of structural carbohydrates and enzymatic hydrolysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Rice straw is difficult to ensile because of its low WSC and high structural carbohydrate contents. The microbial consortium M2 identified herein exhibits great potential for degrading fibrous substrates, and their combination with XA provides a faster and more effective synergistic strategy for biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Tan J, Li Y, Tan X, Wu H, Li H, Yang S. Advances in Pretreatment of Straw Biomass for Sugar Production. Front Chem 2021; 9:696030. [PMID: 34164381 PMCID: PMC8215366 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.696030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Straw biomass is an inexpensive, sustainable, and abundant renewable feedstock for the production of valuable chemicals and biofuels, which can surmount the main drawbacks such as greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution, aroused from the consumption of fossil fuels. It is rich in organic content but is not sufficient for extensive applications because of its natural recalcitrance. Therefore, suitable pretreatment is a prerequisite for the efficient production of fermentable sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis. Here, we provide an overview of various pretreatment methods to effectively separate the major components such as hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin and enhance the accessibility and susceptibility of every single component. This review outlines the diverse approaches (e.g., chemical, physical, biological, and combined treatments) for the excellent conversion of straw biomass to fermentable sugars, summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of each pretreatment method, and proposes some investigation prospects for the future pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Tan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Crops Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Du G, Zhang G, Shi J, Zhang J, Ma Z, Liu X, Yuan C, Li X, Zhang B. Keystone Taxa Lactiplantibacillus and Lacticaseibacillus Directly Improve the Ensiling Performance and Microflora Profile in Co-Ensiling Cabbage Byproduct and Rice Straw. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051099. [PMID: 34065243 PMCID: PMC8161039 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensiling has been widely applied to cope with agricultural solid waste to achieve organic waste valorization and relieve environmental pressure and feedstuff shortage. In this study, co-ensiling of cabbage leaf byproduct and rice straw was performed with inoculation of Lactiplantibacillusplantarum (LP) to investigate the effects of inoculation on ensiling performance and microflora profiles. Compared to the control, LP inoculation preserved more dry matter (DM) content (283.4 versus 270.9 g·kg-1 fresh matter (FM) on day 30), increased lactic acid (LA) content (52.1 versus 35.8 g·kg-1 dry matter on day 15), decreased pH (3.55 versus 3.79 on day 15), and caused accumulation of acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), and ammonia. The investigation showed that LP inoculation modified microflora composition, especially resisting potential pathogens and enriching more lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (p < 0.05). Moreover, Lactiplantibacillus and Lacticaseibacillus were identified as the keystone taxa that influenced physicochemical properties and interactions in microflora. They were also the main functional species that directly restrained undesirable microorganisms (p < 0.05), rather than indirectly working via metabolite inhibition and substrate competition (p > 0.05). The results of this present study improve the understanding of the underlying effect of LP inoculation on improving silage quality and facilitate the bio-transformation of cabbage byproduct and rice straw as animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Du
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; (G.D.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (C.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China;
| | - Jiping Shi
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; (G.D.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (C.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; (G.D.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (C.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; (G.D.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (C.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangcen Liu
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; (G.D.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (C.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Yuan
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; (G.D.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (C.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; (G.D.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (C.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-18202130394 (X.L.); +86-21-20325161 (B.Z.); Fax: +86-21-20325173 (X.L. & B.Z.)
| | - Baoguo Zhang
- Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; (G.D.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (X.L.); (C.Y.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-18202130394 (X.L.); +86-21-20325161 (B.Z.); Fax: +86-21-20325173 (X.L. & B.Z.)
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