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Zhang Y, Li D, Zhang L, Li J, Fu Q, Zhu X, Liao Q. Response of current distribution in a liter-scale microbial fuel cell to variable operating conditions. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108622. [PMID: 38070364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an emerging technology in renewable energy and waste treatment and the scale-up is crucial for practical applications. Undoubtedly, the analysis and comprehension of MFC operation necessitate essential information regarding the response of the current distribution to variable operating conditions, which stands as one of its significant dynamic characteristics. In this study, the dynamic responses of current distribution to external stimuli (external load, temperature, pH, and electrolyte concentration) were investigated by employing a segmented anode current collector in a liter-scale MFC. The results demonstrated that, with respect to the anodic segment close to the cathode, a major response of the segment current to changes in load, temperature and pH was observed while minor response to changes in ion concentration. It was also found that external stimuli-induced high current usually led to a worse current distribution while increasing electrolyte ion concentration could simultaneously improve the maximal power generation and current distribution. In addition, the response time of segment current to input stimulus followed the pattern of temperature ˃ pH ˃ ion concentration ˃ external load. The results and implication of this study would be helpful in enhancing the operational stability of scale-up MFCs in future practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Sinisalu M, Järvik O, Mets B, Konist A. Co-gasification of biomass and oil shale under CO 2 atmosphere: Comparative analysis of fixed-bed reactor, gas chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectroscopy (TGA-MS). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130086. [PMID: 37993064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Co-gasification of biomass with oil shale offers potential for integrating renewable and fossil energy sources, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Biomass (pine and birch wood and bark) and oil shale blends (10-30 wt%) were gasified under CO2 conditions using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), fixed-bed reactor, and gas chromatography. Results revealed an interaction between oil shale and biomass, enhancing CO and CH4 concentrations in the producer gas. Bark samples demonstrated higher CO concentrations compared to wood samples, particularly in pine, with 16.1 vol% and 5.4 vol%, respectively. While birch wood showed increased H2 evaporation in TGA-MS experiments, oil shale's impact on H2 concentration was inhibitive, as shown by quantitative analysis. Pine bark, with a threefold catalytic index compared to other biomass samples, demonstrated the highest total gas concentrations (19.2 vol%). Interestingly, pine bark char blends exhibited the lowest surface areas (up to 434 m2/g) among the tested samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sinisalu
- Department of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Oliver Järvik
- Department of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Birgit Mets
- Department of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Alar Konist
- Department of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
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3
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Xu J, Tian X, Huang W, Ke L, Fan L, Zhang Q, Cui X, Wu Q, Zeng Y, Cobb K, Liu Y, Ruan R, Wang Y. Production of C 5-C 12 olefins by catalytic pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene with MCM-41 in CO 2/N 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165597. [PMID: 37467986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The current high volume of plastic waste, but low recycling rate, has led to environmental pollution and wasted energy. Greenhouse gas CO2 can facilitate thermal cracking to dehydrogenate waste plastics, and has potential value for producing olefins. In this work, the pyrolysis properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and Py-GC/MS. The effect of the pyrolysis atmosphere, using N2 or CO2, with various MCM-41 catalyst ratios on pyrolysis product distribution, were investigated. The experimental results show that the olefin selectivity under a N2 atmosphere was from 30.32 % to 44.66 % which increased as the MCM-41 catalyst was increased. Under a CO2 atmosphere, the olefin selectivity reached a maximum of 60.39 %. The Boudouard reaction was also enhanced by the introduction of CO2. The carbon content of the subdivided olefins showed that in CO2, the promotion of C5-C12 olefins was relatively weak when non-catalyzed or at low catalytic ratios, but increased significantly at higher MCM-41 catalyst ratios. With a ratio of LDPE: MCM-41 = 5:4, the CO2 atmosphere showed the greatest promotion of C5-C12 olefins over N2, with an increase of 14.66 % compared to N2, representing a 48.54 % yield of the liquid product. Producing C5-C12 olefins under these conditions maximized energy efficiency. These results show that catalytic pyrolysis of LDPE under a CO2 atmosphere has great potential to produce C5-C12 olefins, which can be used to produce high-value chemicals such as naphtha and gasoline. This opens new opportunities for the chemical recycling of plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaojie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wanhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Linyao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Kirk Cobb
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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4
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Chang YJ, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Gasification of biomass for syngas production: Research update and stoichiometry diagram presentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129535. [PMID: 37495160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Gasification is a thermal process that converts organic materials into syngas, bio-oil, and solid residues. This mini-review provides an update on current research on producing high-quality syngas from biomass via gasification. Specifically, the review highlights the effective valorization of feedstocks, the development of novel catalysts for reforming reactions, the configuration of novel integrated gasification processes with an assisted field, and the proposal of advanced modeling tools, including the use of machine learning strategies for process design and optimization. The review also includes examples of using a stoichiometry diagram to describe biomass gasification. The research efforts in this area are constantly evolving, and this review provides an up-to-date overview of the most recent advances and prospects for future research. The proposed advancements in gasification technology have the potential to significantly contribute to sustainable energy production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li, 32003, Taiwan.
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5
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Gao Q, Feng Z, He Y, Hou Y, Ren H, Su M, Ni L, Liu Z. Pyrolysis self-activation: An environmentally friendly method to transform biowaste into activated carbon for arsenic removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128353. [PMID: 36402279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A green method for production of activated carbon and combustible gas was introduced. Without any external reagents and gases, the H2O and CO2 produced by the pyrolysis of bamboo shoot shells were used as activators. The prepared activated carbon had good arsenic adsorption properties with the maximum adsorption capacities of 10.9 mg/g for As(III) and 16.0 mg/g for As(V). The gaseous products were mostly CO and H2, with higher heating value of 11.7 MJ/Nm3. Thermogravimetric experiments were performed in N2, H2O and CO2 atmospheres to simulate the self-activation process and investigate the self-activation mechanism. This work will help to improve the competitiveness of self-activation technology and reduce the production cost of activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of NFGA/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zixing Feng
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of NFGA/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuyu He
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of NFGA/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yanmei Hou
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of NFGA/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hao Ren
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of NFGA/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Mengfu Su
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of NFGA/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Liangmeng Ni
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of NFGA/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of NFGA/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China.
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6
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Li Y, Feng D, Sun S, Zhao Y, Miao D, Wu J. Reburning pulverized coal with natural gas/syngas upgrading: NO reducing ability and physicochemical structure evolution of coal char. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158517. [PMID: 36063956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lifting gas activates the coal particles, which increases their ability to reduce NO. This technique overcomes the oxygen consumption of large pulverized coal in the early stages of re-firing during air/flue gas transport of pulverized coal. This study conducted experiments on a planar flame burner bench to analyze the physicochemical structure evolution of coal coke after natural gas and syngas activation using FTIR, XPS, and BET. The NO reduction capacity was tested on a micro fluidized bed reaction test bench. The results show that natural gas's upgrading effect is better than syngas. Hydrogen and hydrocarbon radicals generated by the reaction of natural gas with oxygen play a significant role in activation. After upgrading by natural gas, the specific surface area of carbon increased by about 54.2 %, the total pore volume increased by about 51.2 %, the whole oxygen-containing groups decreased by nearly 4.4 %, the total amount of alkyl complexes increased by about 3.6 %, and the nitric oxide reducing ability increased by almost 75 %. The technology minimizes expensive reactive gases while ensuring less reburned coal is used to reduce NOx emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dongdong Feng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Shaozeng Sun
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yijun Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Doudou Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jiangquan Wu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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7
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Valizadeh S, Hakimian H, Farooq A, Jeon BH, Chen WH, Hoon Lee S, Jung SC, Won Seo M, Park YK. Valorization of biomass through gasification for green hydrogen generation: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128143. [PMID: 36265786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Green and sustainable hydrogen from biomass gasification processes is one of the promising ways to alternate fossil fuels-based hydrogen production. First off, an overview of green hydrogen generation from biomass gasification processes is presented and the corresponding possible gasification reactions and the effect of respective experimental criteria are explained in detail. In addition, a comprehensive explanation of the catalytic effect on tar reduction and hydrogen generation via catalytic gasification is presented regarding the functional mechanisms of various types of catalysts. Furthermore, the commercialization aspects, the associated technical challenges and barriers, and the prospects of a biomass gasification process for green hydrogen generation are discussed. Finally, this comprehensive review provides the related advancements, challenges, and great insight of biomass gasification for the green hydrogen generation to realize a sustainable hydrogen society via biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Valizadeh
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanie Hakimian
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Abid Farooq
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - See Hoon Lee
- Department of Mineral Res. and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Won Seo
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zhang P, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Ning X, Zhou J. Co-pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of low metamorphic coal and pine sawdust. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21725-21735. [PMID: 36043111 PMCID: PMC9353879 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis experiments with low metamorphic coal (LC) and pine sawdust (PS) were carried out in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. The effect of biomass addition on the yield distribution and composition of the coal pyrolysis products was investigated. The pyrolysis behavior was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The Coats–Redfern integral and Achar differential methods were used to study the mechanism functions and the kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process of each sample. The results show that there is a synergistic effect on the co-pyrolysis and it is most pronounced at a PS mixing ratio of 30%, and it results in improved tar and gas yields. Part of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the co-pyrolysis tar are converted into phenolic substances with a simple structure, which improves the quality of the tar. At the same time, the alcohols and acids in the PS and LC react to generate a large number of esters. The addition of PS shifted the LC pyrolysis process towards the low temperature region, lowering the pyrolysis temperature of the coal sample and increasing the pyrolysis rate of the sample. The main pyrolysis process of LC conforms to the second-order chemical reaction law with an activation energy of 35.93 kJ mol−1, and the main pyrolysis process of PS conforms to the one-dimensional diffusion parabolic law with an activation energy of 63.84 kJ mol−1, and the main pyrolysis process of LC and PS co-pyrolysis conforms to a second-order chemical reaction law with an activation energy of 86.19 kJ mol−1. The research on the product distribution of the co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass and the use of the Coats–Redfern integral method and the Achar differential method to study the kinetic parameters and mechanism of the pyrolysis process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710015 China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710015 China
| | - Qiuli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710015 China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710015 China
| | - Xiaogang Ning
- Shaanxi Beiyuan Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd Jinjie Industrial Park Shenmu 719319 Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710015 China
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9
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Siddiqi H, Mishra A, Maiti P, Dipamitra Behera I, Meikap BC. In-situ and ex-situ co-pyrolysis studies of waste biomass with spent motor oil: Elucidating the role of physical inhibition and mixing ratio to enhance fuel quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127364. [PMID: 35618191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous renewable energy generation is an imperative part of sustainable hazardous waste management. Therefore, the present work explicates the co-pyrolysis of rice stubble (RS) waste biomass and spent motor oil (SMO) to upgrade the obtained bio-oil. Moreover, two different modes, namely, in-situ and ex-situ, were implemented to analyze the effect of physical inhibition. Monothetic analysis approach was followed to determine optimum process conditions. A substantial increment of ∼ 85% was observed in bio-oil yield for RS: SMO (1:1) in-situ operation whilst the only RS biomass pyrolysis. Moreover, the HHV increased by ∼ 2.15 times after co-pyrolysis with a considerable reduction (62.70%) in water content. Consequently, the paraffin content increased to 79.14 vol% with an iso-paraffin index of 0.285. Subsequently, a possible reaction mechanism is also proposed to evaluate results comprehensively. Altogether, the co-pyrolysis of these feedstocks resulted in improved aliphatic content and reduced oxygenates, encouraging its adequacy as an alternate fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Siddiqi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Asmita Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Payal Maiti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Ipsita Dipamitra Behera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - B C Meikap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
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10
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Zhang H, Zhang R, Li W, Ling Z, Shu W, Ma J, Yan Y. Agricultural waste-derived biochars from co-hydrothermal gasification of rice husk and chicken manure and their adsorption performance for dimethoate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128248. [PMID: 35066228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to combine energy utilisation of agricultural wastes with the dimethoate (DT) adsorption from agricultural wastewater via hydrogen and biochar production using co-hydrothermal gasification (CHTG). The gasification behaviour after CHTG of five ratios of rice husk (RH) and chicken manure (CM) and the corresponding adsorption performance of biochars on DT were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the feedstock of 3RH+ 1CM achieved the maximum gas yield and hydrogen gasification efficiency (HGE), and the highest adsorption capacity of the derived biochars was 3.57 mg g-1. Surface characterisation and elemental analysis showed that the biochar derived under different C/N ratios varied considerably. The results of the isotherm and kinetic simulation showed that the Langmuir model and pseudo-first-order model best fitted the experimental data. The superior performance of agricultural waste-derived biochars (AWB) over five cycles of regeneration and adsorption indicated that AWB is a green and stable adsorption material for farmland tailwater. In addition, the degradation pathway of DT during hydrothermal gasification (HTG) regeneration of the spent adsorbent was comprehensively discussed. The CHTG treatment enhanced the yield of gaseous products from RH and CM and produced AWBs with high adsorption capacities for DT. This provides a green and efficient technology for resource utilisation of agricultural waste and treatment of agricultural wastewater using pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Runhao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Wenya Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Zhang Ling
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Wen Shu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Jiangya Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Yujie Yan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Anhui 243002, China.
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11
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Wu L, Liu J, Xu P, Zhou J, Yang F. Biomass hydrogen donor assisted microwave pyrolysis of low-rank pulverized coal: Optimization, product upgrade and synergistic mechanism. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 143:177-185. [PMID: 35272200 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat straw (WS) has been used as a hydrogen donor to provide sufficient hydrogen for hydrogenated microwave pyrolysis of low-rank pulverized coal (PC). In this work, the effects of pyrolysis time, microwave power, the particle size of PC, and the ratio of PC to WS on microwave co-pyrolysis of PC and WS were investigated to optimize the experimental conditions. The pyrolysis products generated under the optimal conditions for the maximum tar yield were contrastively discussed, and the relevant synergistic mechanism was proposed. Results showed the temperature-rising rate of other conditions was positively correlated with the tar yield but not for the condition of the ratio of PC to WS. The tar yield reached the maximum value of 17.20% during microwave co-pyrolysis under the conditions of 0.68-1.00 mm of particle size of PC, 700 W of microwave power, 50% of WS, and 20 min of pyrolysis time. The microwave pyrolysis of PC was significantly improved when adding WS, resulting in increased yields of tar and pyrolysis gas by 13.21% and 12.40%, respectively, compared with PC alone. The aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the coal tar sharply decreased, but the phenols, alcohols, and others increased compared with those in the microwave pyrolysis of PC. There was a positive synergistic effect between PC and WS in microwave co-pyrolysis caused by volatiles and biochar generated from WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Pan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, China
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Interaction between Coal and Biomass during Co-Gasification: A Perspective Based on the Separation of Blended Char. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-gasification of coal and biomass is an important way to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and achieve the efficient utilization of biomass resources. Two kinds of biomass containing corn straw (CS) and poplar sawdust (PS) were blended with different coal. Then, the coal char was separated from the blended char after co-pyrolysis based on the difference in particle size. The structural properties, including alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs), microcrystalline structures, and molecular structures of the char samples were analyzed. Gasification reactivity of the char was determined by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Results indicated that K and Mg contents in biomass evaporated easily and deposited on coal char, resulting in the increase in those in coal char during co-pyrolysis, and then the AAEMs contents in coal char were determined by the AAEM species and contents in biomass. Meanwhile, the inhibition effect on the graphitization degree of coal char increased with increasing blend ratio. Likewise, the inhibition effect of CS was higher than that of PS at the same blend ratio. The catalytic activity of inorganic mineral played a much more important role in predicting gasification reactivity than graphitization degree, and then the combination of alkali index and stacking layer number was proposed to better predict the reactivity of coal char.
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