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Andrade VB, Tomazetto G, Almeida DV, Tramontina R, Squina FM, Garcia W. Enzymatic and biophysical characterization of a novel modular cellulosomal GH5 endoglucanase multifunctional from the anaerobic gut fungus Piromyces finnis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140963. [PMID: 37690538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulases from anaerobic fungi are enzymes less-studied biochemically and structurally than cellulases from bacteria and aerobic fungi. Currently, only thirteen GH5 cellulases from anaerobic fungi were biochemically characterized and two crystal structures were reported. In this context, here, we report the functional and biophysical characterization of a novel multi-modular cellulosomal GH5 endoglucanase from the anaerobic gut fungus Piromyces finnis (named here PfGH5). Multiple sequences alignments indicate that PfGH5 is composed of a GH5 catalytic domain and a CBM1 carbohydrate-binding module connected through a CBM10 dockerin module. Our results showed that PfGH5 is an endoglucanase from anaerobic fungus with a large spectrum of activity. PfGH5 exhibited preference for hydrolysis of oat β-glucan, followed by galactomannan, carboxymethyl cellulose, mannan, lichenan and barley β-glucan, therefore displaying multi-functionality. For oat β-glucan, PfGH5 reaches its optimum enzymatic activity at 40 °C and pH 5.5, with Km of 7.1 μM. Ion exchange chromatography analyzes revealed the production of oligosaccharides with a wide degree of polymerization indicated that PfGH5 has endoglucanase activity. The ability to bind and cleave different types of carbohydrates evidence the potential of PfGH5 for use in biotechnology and provide a useful basis for future investigation and application of new anaerobic fungi enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Brito Andrade
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Geizecler Tomazetto
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering (BCE), Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dnane Vieira Almeida
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Robson Tramontina
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms (LEBIMO), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Marcio Squina
- Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Paul M, Banerjee A, Maiti S, Mitra D, DasMohapatra PK, Thatoi H. Evaluation of substrate specificity and catalytic promiscuity of Bacillus albus cellulase: an insight into in silico proteomic study aiming at enhanced production of renewable energy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-23. [PMID: 38126200 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2295971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulases are enzymes that aid in the hydrolysis of cellulosic fibers and have a wide range of industrial uses. In the present in silico study, sequence alignment between cellulases from different Bacillus species revealed that most of the residues are conserved in those aligned enzymes. Three dimensional structures of cellulase enzymes from 23 different Bacillus species have been predicted and based on the alignment between the modeled structures, those enzymes have been categorized into 7 different groups according to the homology in their conformational folds. There are two structural contents in Gr-I cellulase namely β1-α2 and β3-α5 loops which varies greatly according to their static position. Molecular docking study between the B. albus cellulase and its various cellulosic substrates including xylanoglucan oligosaccharides revealed that residues viz. Phe154, Tyr258, Tyr282, Tyr285, and Tyr376 of B. albus cellulase are significantly involved in formation stacking interaction during enzyme-substrate binding. Residue interaction network and binding energy analysis for the B. albus cellulase with different cellulosic substrates depicted the strong affinity of XylGlc3 substrate with the receptor enzyme. Molecular interaction and molecular dynamics simulation studies exhibited structural stability of enzyme-substrate complexes which are greatly influenced by the presence of catalytic promiscuity in their substrate binding sites. Screening of B. albus in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and xylan supplemented agar media revealed the capability of the bacterium in degrading both cellulose and xylan. Overall, the study demonstrated B. albus cellulase as an effective biocatalyst candidate with the potential role of catalytic promiscuity for possible applications in biofuel industries.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, India
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, India
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, India
| | - Debanjan Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Pradeep K DasMohapatra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
- PAKB Environment Conservation Centre, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, India
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Xu C, Tong S, Sun L, Gu X. Cellulase immobilization to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: An all-inclusive review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121319. [PMID: 37739542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery plays a crucial role in the production of high-value biofuels and chemicals, with enzymatic hydrolysis being an essential component. The advent of cellulase immobilization has revolutionized this process, significantly enhancing the efficiency, stability, and reusability of cellulase enzymes. This review offers a thorough analysis of the fundamental principles underlying immobilization, encompassing various immobilization approaches such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and cross-linking. Furthermore, it explores a diverse range of carrier materials, including inorganic, organic, and hybrid/composite materials. The review also focuses on emerging approaches like multi-enzyme co-immobilization, oriented immobilization, immobilized enzyme microreactors, and enzyme engineering for immobilization. Additionally, it delves into novel carrier technologies like 3D printing carriers, stimuli-responsive carriers, artificial cellulosomes, and biomimetic carriers. Moreover, the review addresses recent obstacles in cellulase immobilization, including molecular-level immobilization mechanism, diffusion limitations, loss of cellulase activity, cellulase leaching, and considerations of cost-effectiveness and scalability. The knowledge derived from this review is anticipated to catalyze the evolution of more efficient and sustainable biocatalytic systems for lignocellulosic biomass conversion, representing the current state-of-the-art in cellulase immobilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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Li H, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Zhang R, Gui Z. Characterization of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Silkworm Excrement and Optimization of Its Cellulase Production. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4142. [PMID: 37896386 PMCID: PMC10610594 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An abundance of refractory cellulose is the key limiting factor restricting the resource utilization efficiency of silkworm (Bombyx mori) excrement via composting. Screening for cellulose-degrading bacteria is likely to provide high-quality strains for the safe and rapid decomposition of silkworm excrement. In this study, bacteria capable of degrading cellulose with a high efficiency were isolated from silkworm excrement and the conditions for cellulase production were optimized. The strains were preliminarily screened via sodium carboxymethyl cellulose culture and staining with Congo red, rescreened via a filter paper enzyme activity test, and identified via morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence. Enzyme activity assay was performed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. DC-11, a highly cellulolytic strain, was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The optimum temperature and pH of this strain were 55 °C and 6, respectively, and the filter paper enzyme activity (FPase), endoglucanase activity (CMCase), and exoglucanase activity (CXase) reached 15.40 U/mL, 11.91 U/mL, and 20.61 U/mL. In addition, the cellulose degradation rate of the treatment group treated with DC-11 was 39.57% in the bioaugmentation test, which was significantly higher than that of the control group without DC-11 (10.01%). Strain DC-11 was shown to be an acid-resistant and heat-resistant cellulose-degrading strain, with high cellulase activity. This strain can exert a bioaugmentation effect on cellulose degradation and has the potential for use in preparing microbial inocula that can be applied for the safe and rapid composting of silkworm excrement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (H.L.)
- Sericulture Resources Intensive Processing Laboratory, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Minqi Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (H.L.)
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (H.L.)
| | - Xueming Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (H.L.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (H.L.)
| | - Xueping Jiang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (H.L.)
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (H.L.)
- Sericulture Resources Intensive Processing Laboratory, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Zhongzheng Gui
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (H.L.)
- Sericulture Resources Intensive Processing Laboratory, Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Tan MCY, Zakaria MR, Liew KJ, Chong CS. Draft genome sequence of Hahella sp. CR1 and its ability in producing cellulases for saccharifying agricultural biomass. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:278. [PMID: 37420023 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Hahella is a genus that has not been well-studied, with only two identified species. The potential of this genus to produce cellulases is yet to be fully explored. The present study isolated Hahella sp. CR1 from mangrove soil in Tanjung Piai National Park, Malaysia, and performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) using NovaSeq 6000. The final assembled genome consists of 62 contigs, 7,106,771 bp, a GC ratio of 53.5%, and encoded for 6,397 genes. The CR1 strain exhibited the highest similarity with Hahella sp. HN01 compared to other available genomes, where the ANI, dDDH, AAI, and POCP were 97.04%, 75.2%, 97.95%, and 91.0%, respectively. In addition, the CAZymes analysis identified 88 GTs, 54 GHs, 11 CEs, 7 AAs, 2 PLs, and 48 CBMs in the genome of strain CR1. Among these proteins, 11 are related to cellulose degradation. The cellulases produced from strain CR1 were characterized and demonstrated optimal activity at 60 ℃, pH 7.0, and 15% (w/v) sodium chloride. The enzyme was activated by K+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Co2+, and Tween 40. Furthermore, cellulases from strain CR1 improved the saccharification efficiency of a commercial cellulase blend on the tested agricultural wastes, including empty fruit bunch, coconut husk, and sugarcane bagasse. This study provides new insights into the cellulases produced by strain CR1 and their potential to be used in lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Chun Yun Tan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ramziuddin Zakaria
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Jun Liew
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chun Shiong Chong
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Yang J, Yue HR, Pan LY, Feng JX, Zhao S, Suwannarangsee S, Chempreda V, Liu CG, Zhao XQ. Fungal strain improvement for efficient cellulase production and lignocellulosic biorefinery: Current status and future prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129449. [PMID: 37406833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has been recognized as a valuable carbon source for the sustainable production of biofuels and value-added biochemicals. Crude enzymes produced by fungal cell factories benefit economic LCB degradation. However, high enzyme production cost remains a great challenge. Filamentous fungi have been widely used to produce cellulolytic enzymes. Metabolic engineering of fungi contributes to efficient cellulase production for LCB biorefinery. Here the latest progress in utilizing fungal cell factories for cellulase production was summarized, including developing genome engineering tools to improve the efficiency of fungal cell factories, manipulating promoters, and modulating transcription factors. Multi-omics analysis of fungi contributes to identifying novel genetic elements for enhancing cellulase production. Furthermore, the importance of translation regulation of cellulase production are emphasized. Efficient development of fungal cell factories based on integrative strain engineering would benefit the overall bioconversion efficacy of LCB for sustainable bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hou-Ru Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li-Ya Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Surisa Suwannarangsee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Chempreda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Ding Z, Kumar Awasthi S, Kumar M, Kumar V, Mikhailovich Dregulo A, Yadav V, Sindhu R, Binod P, Sarsaiya S, Pandey A, Taherzadeh MJ, Rathour R, Singh L, Zhang Z, Lian Z, Kumar Awasthi M. A thermo-chemical and biotechnological approaches for bamboo waste recycling and conversion to value added product: Towards a zero-waste biorefinery and circular bioeconomy. FUEL 2023; 333:126469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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Gomes Souza F, Pal K, Ampah JD, Dantas MC, Araújo A, Maranhão F, Domingues P. Biofuels and Nanocatalysts: Python Boosting Visualization of Similarities. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1175. [PMID: 36770184 PMCID: PMC9921263 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Among the most relevant themes of modernity, using renewable resources to produce biofuels attracts several countries' attention, constituting a vital part of the global geopolitical chessboard since humanity's energy needs will grow faster and faster. Fortunately, advances in personal computing associated with free and open-source software production facilitate this work of prospecting and understanding complex scenarios. Thus, for the development of this work, the keywords "biofuel" and "nanocatalyst" were delivered to the Scopus database, which returned 1071 scientific articles. The titles and abstracts of these papers were saved in Research Information Systems (RIS) format and submitted to automatic analysis via the Visualization of Similarities Method implemented in VOSviewer 1.6.18 software. Then, the data extracted from the VOSviewer were processed by software written in Python, which allowed the use of the network data generated by the Visualization of Similarities Method. Thus, it was possible to establish the relationships for the pair between the nodes of all clusters classified by Link Strength Between Items or Terms (LSBI) or by year. Indeed, other associations should arouse particular interest in the readers. However, here, the option was for a numerical criterion. However, all data are freely available, and stakeholders can infer other specific connections directly. Therefore, this innovative approach allowed inferring that the most recent pairs of terms associate the need to produce biofuels from microorganisms' oils besides cerium oxide nanoparticles to improve the performance of fuel mixtures by reducing the emission of hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomes Souza
- Biopolymers & Sensors Lab, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, RJ, Brazil
- Biopolymers & Sensors Lab, Programa de Engenharia da Nanotecnologia, COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kaushik Pal
- University Center for Research and Development (UCRD), Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Ludhiana–Chandigarh State Hwy, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | | | - Maria Clara Dantas
- Biopolymers & Sensors Lab, Programa de Engenharia da Nanotecnologia, COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aruzza Araújo
- LABPROBIO, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Maranhão
- Biopolymers & Sensors Lab, Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Domingues
- Biopolymers & Sensors Lab, Programa de Engenharia da Nanotecnologia, COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-914, RJ, Brazil
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Mu Y, Ju X, Fu J, Meng F, Yan L, Li L. Surface charge engineering of β-glucosidase using rational design improves catalytic capacity and ionic liquid tolerance. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Sulman AM, Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Cellulase Immobilization on Nanostructured Supports for Biomass Waste Processing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3796. [PMID: 36364572 PMCID: PMC9656580 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts, i.e., enzymes immobilized on nanostructured supports, received considerable attention because they are potential remedies to overcome shortcomings of traditional biocatalysts, such as low efficiency of mass transfer, instability during catalytic reactions, and possible deactivation. In this short review, we will analyze major aspects of immobilization of cellulase-an enzyme for cellulosic biomass waste processing-on nanostructured supports. Such supports provide high surface areas, increased enzyme loading, and a beneficial environment to enhance cellulase performance and its stability, leading to nanobiocatalysts for obtaining biofuels and value-added chemicals. Here, we will discuss such nanostructured supports as carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles (NPs), nanohydrogels, nanofibers, silica NPs, hierarchical porous materials, magnetic NPs and their nanohybrids, based on publications of the last five years. The use of magnetic NPs is especially favorable due to easy separation and the nanobiocatalyst recovery for a repeated use. This review will discuss methods for cellulase immobilization, morphology of nanostructured supports, multienzyme systems as well as factors influencing the enzyme activity to achieve the highest conversion of cellulosic biowaste into fermentable sugars. We believe this review will allow for an enhanced understanding of such nanobiocatalysts and processes, allowing for the best solutions to major problems of sustainable biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrina M. Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova St., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80303, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Improve Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Modifying Lignin Structure via Sulfite Pretreatment and Using Lignin Blockers. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Even traditional pretreatments can partially remove or degrade lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass for enhancing its enzymatic digestibility, the remaining lignin in pretreated biomass still restricts its enzymatic hydrolysis by limiting cellulose accessibility and lignin-enzyme nonproductive interaction. Therefore, many pretreatments that can modify lignin structure in a unique way and approaches to block the lignin’s adverse impact have been proposed to directly improve the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated biomass. In this review, recent development in sulfite pretreatment that can transform the native lignin into lignosulfonate and subsequently enhance saccharification of pretreated biomass under certain conditions was summarized. In addition, we also reviewed the approaches of the addition of reactive agents to block the lignin’s reactive sites and limit the cellulase-enzyme adsorption during hydrolysis. It is our hope that this summary can provide a guideline for workers engaged in biorefining for the goal of reaching high enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulose.
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Arya PS, Yagnik SM, Rajput KN, Panchal RR, Raval VH. Valorization of agro-food wastes: Ease of concomitant-enzymes production with application in food and biofuel industries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127738. [PMID: 35940324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel and greener approach toward the co-production of hydrolytic enzymes in a single-cultivation medium with inexpensive substrates can bring down the production costs. Likewise, the natural and industrial organic biomass/solid are all nutritionally rich substrates waiting for free use in industries such as food, biofuel, etc. Valorization must broaden its applications in industries and households with a step towards a sustainable environment. The biofuel approach can be projected as one of the most promising deputations to meet future energy demands, in reduction of the environmental pollution due to excessive fossil fuel consumption. The present review highlights the multifaceted stature of microbial enzymes in this direction and possible implications mainly in the food industry and biofuel with the global impact of similar bio-based industries. In this review, design scale-up, fermentation cost, energy needs,and agro-food waste management have been meticulously delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Arya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Shivani M Yagnik
- Department of Microbiology, Christ College, Vidya Niketan, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Kiransinh N Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Rakeshkumar R Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Vikram H Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
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Balčiūnaitienė A, Štreimikytė P, Puzerytė V, Viškelis J, Štreimikytė-Mockeliūnė Ž, Maželienė Ž, Sakalauskienė V, Viškelis P. Antimicrobial Activities against Opportunistic Pathogenic Bacteria Using Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in Plant and Lichen Enzyme-Assisted Extracts. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141833. [PMID: 35890467 PMCID: PMC9322591 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted extraction is a valuable tool for mild and environmentally-friendly extraction conditions to release bioactive compounds and sugars, essential for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) green synthesis as capping and reducing agents. In this research, plant and fungal kingdoms were selected to obtain the enzyme-assisted extracts, using green synthesized AgNPs. For the synthesis, pseudo-cereal Fagopyrum esculentum (F. esculentum) and lichen Certaria islandica (C. islandica) extracts were used as environmentally-friendly agents under heating in an aqueous solution. Raw and enzyme-assisted extracts of AgNPs were characterized by physicochemical, phytochemical, and morphological characteristics through scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape and well dispersed, with average sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. This study determined the total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro antioxidant activity in both materials by applying standard methods. The results showed that TPC, ABTS•+, FRAP, and DPPH• radical scavenging activities varied greatly in samples. The AgNPs derived from enzymatic hydrolyzed aqueous extracts C. islandica and F. esculentum exhibited higher antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial pathogens than their respective crude extracts. Results indicate that the extracts’ biomolecules covering the AgNPs may enhance the biological activity of silver nanoparticles and enzyme assistance as a sustainable additive to technological processes to achieve higher yields and necessary media components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aistė Balčiūnaitienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (P.Š.); (V.P.); (J.V.); (P.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-60289485
| | - Paulina Štreimikytė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (P.Š.); (V.P.); (J.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Viktorija Puzerytė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (P.Š.); (V.P.); (J.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Jonas Viškelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (P.Š.); (V.P.); (J.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Žaneta Štreimikytė-Mockeliūnė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių g. 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (Ž.Š.-M.); (Ž.M.)
| | - Žaneta Maželienė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių g. 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (Ž.Š.-M.); (Ž.M.)
| | | | - Pranas Viškelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (P.Š.); (V.P.); (J.V.); (P.V.)
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Raheja Y, Singh V, Kaur B, Basotra N, Di Falco M, Tsang A, Singh Chadha B. Combination of system biology and classical approaches for developing biorefinery relevant lignocellulolytic Rasamsonia emersonii strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127039. [PMID: 35318142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop thermophilic fungus Rasamsonia emersonii using integrated system biology tools (genomics, proteomics and transcriptional analysis) in combination with classical strain breeding approaches. Developed hyper cellulolytic mutant strain M36 showed endoglucanase (476.35 U/ml), β-glucosidase (70.54 U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (15.17 U/ml), FPase (4.89 U/ml) and xylanase (485.21 U/ml) on cellulose/gram flour based production medium. Comparison of the expression profile at proteome and transcriptional level of the developed strain and wild type parent gave detailed insight into the up-regulation of different CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH5, GH6, GH7, GH3, GH10) and auxiliary enzymes (lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, swollenin) at system level. Furthermore, the potential of lignocellulolytic enzyme produced by the developed strain and custom designed cocktail spiked with heterologously expressed lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Mycothermus thermophiloides were analyzed for the hydrolysis of biorefinery relevant unwashed pretreated rice straw slurry (PRAJ and IOCL) @17% substrate loading rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Raheja
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Basotra
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Marcos Di Falco
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Xia W, Bai Y, Shi P. Improving the Substrate Affinity and Catalytic Efficiency of β-Glucosidase Bgl3A from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 by Rational Design. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121882. [PMID: 34944526 PMCID: PMC8699594 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase is necessary for better performance in the enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic biomass because of its ability to prevent cellobiose inhibition on cellulases. Bgl3A from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802, identified in our previous work, was considered a suitable candidate enzyme for efficient cellulose saccharification with higher catalytic efficiency on the natural substrate cellobiose compared with other β-glucosidase but showed insufficient substrate affinity. In this work, hydrophobic stacking interaction and hydrogen-bonding networks in the active center of Bgl3A were analyzed and rationally designed to strengthen substrate binding. Three vital residues, Met36, Phe66, and Glu168, which were supposed to influence substrate binding by stabilizing adjacent binding site, were chosen for mutagenesis. The results indicated that strengthening the hydrophobic interaction between stacking aromatic residue and the substrate, and stabilizing the hydrogen-bonding networks in the binding pocket could contribute to the stabilized substrate combination. Four dominant mutants, M36E, M36N, F66Y, and E168Q with significantly lower Km values and 1.4–2.3-fold catalytic efficiencies, were obtained. These findings may provide a valuable reference for the design of other β-glucosidases and even glycoside hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (P.S.)
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