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Esmaeili Nasrabadi A, Eydi M, Bonyadi Z. Utilizing Chlorella vulgaris algae as an eco-friendly coagulant for efficient removal of polyethylene microplastics from aquatic environments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22338. [PMID: 38045186 PMCID: PMC10692900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) microplastics (MPs) are small particles of plastic made from polyethylene, which is a commonly used type of plastic. These microplastics can be found in water sources, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. They are typically less than 5 mm in size. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) is an excellent, simple and inexpensive biocoagulant that can effectively remove a wide range of pollutants through the coagulation and flocculation mechanism. In this study, C. vulgaris algae were used to remove PE MPs. The experiments were designed using the Behnken Box model. The evaluated parameters were the initial PE concentration (100-400 mg/L), the C. vulgaris dose (50-200), and the pH (4-10). The findings showed that increasing the concentration of polyethylene had a positive effect on the efficiency of removal. In addition, the dose of C. vulgaris and pH parameters were inversely and directly related to removal efficiency, respectively. The highest removal efficiency was observed under alkaline conditions. Overall, the maximum PE removal efficiency was 84 % when the concentration of PE was 250 mg/L, the dose of C. vulgaris was 50 mg/L, and the pH was 10. It can be concluded that algae can be used as an environmentally friendly coagulant for effectively removing MPs from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Esmaeili Nasrabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Eydi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ziaeddin Bonyadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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J RB, V GS. A systematic review on plastic waste conversion for a circular economy: recent trends and emerging technologies. Catal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy02066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Our biosphere has been adversely affected by plastic waste pollution, especially non-biodegradables in landfills, which induces hazardous chemical leaching and toxic gas emissions on burning into the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu-610005, India
| | - Godvin Sharmila V
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen C, Fan D, Ling H, Huang X, Yang G, Cai D, Zhao J, Bi Y. Microwave catalytic co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and high density polyethylene over activated carbon supported monometallic: Characteristics and bio-oil analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127881. [PMID: 36067896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) has attracted much attention owing to its low cost and abundant sources. In this paper, three monometallic supported catalysts were prepared using AC as support (Ce/AC, Fe/AC, Ni/AC), and the effects of three catalysts on the microwave co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) with high density polyethylene (HDPE) were studied. The results showed that the co-pyrolysis characteristics of C. vulgaris/HDPE = 1:1 (C1HP1) were significantly improved by three catalysts at high additions (>20 %). Among them, the C1HP1 group with 50 % Fe/AC addition had the shortest co-pyrolysis reaction time (2901 s). Besides, Ce/AC and Fe/AC have a promoting effect on bio-oil yields, while Ni/AC has an inhibiting effect. The maximum bio-oil yield (25.6 %) was obtained under 40 % addition of Fe/AC. Moreover, Ce/AC obtained the highest hydrocarbons content (66.68 %), while Fe/AC obtained the highest aromatic hydrocarbons content (36.64 %). Additionally, Ce/AC had the highest deoxygenation efficiency (47.33 %) and denitrification efficiency (42.28 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning City 530004, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou City 510640, China.
| | - Dianzhao Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Hongjian Ling
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Gaixiu Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dayong Cai
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Yingxin Bi
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
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Chen C, Ling H, Qiu S, Huang X, Fan D, Zhao J. Microwave catalytic co-pyrolysis of chlorella vulgaris and oily sludge: Characteristics and bio-oil analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127550. [PMID: 35779745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Oily sludge (OS) under different mixing ratios were investigated by microwave furnace. NiO, activated carbon (AC) and their 1:1 compound (N1A1) with different additions (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) were selected as microwave additives to study the effects on optimum mixing ratio of co-pyrolysis. The results indicated that mixing ratio of CV/OS = 1:1 (C1O1) was optimum for co-pyrolysis. Besides, 10% AC was optimal on improving pyrolysis characteristics of the C1O1 group. The most significant synergistic interaction of NiO and AC occurred in the 10% N1A1 group. Moreover, hydrocarbons in bio-oil of the C1O1 group increased by 31.84% compared with theoretical values, while nitrogenous, oxygenated compounds decreased by 74.18% and 19.01%. Addition of 10% N1A1 in the C1O1 group increased aliphatic hydrocarbons by 22.44%, and decreased nitrogenous, oxygenated compounds by 41.79% and 36.58%. Overall, 10% N1A1 was conducive for the C1O1 group to obtain high-quality bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning City 530004, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou City 510640, PR China.
| | - Hongjian Ling
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Song Qiu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Dianzhao Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
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Chen C, Wei D, Zhao J, Huang X, Fan D, Qi Q, Bi Y, Liao L. Study on co-pyrolysis and products of Chlorella vulgaris and rice straw catalyzed by activated carbon/HZSM-5 additives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127594. [PMID: 35809872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The weight loss characteristics, product distribution and bio-oil composition of co-pyrolysis of rice straw (RS) and Chlorella vulgaris (CV) were investigated by microwave oven. Then, the catalytic effect of activated carbon (AC) and HZSM-5 on these characteristics were studied. Results showed that AC strongly improved co-pyrolysis weight loss characteristics and obtained maximum average weight loss rate (Ra) at 30% addition with 0.01639 wt.%/s. While HZSM-5 promoted the characteristics as addition was lower than 10%. In the case of compound additives, 20% A7H3 obtained the maximum Ra (0.01413 wt.%/s). Furthermore, both single AC and HZSM-5 showed negative effect on bio-oil production, while 20% A7H3 (AC/HZSM-5 = 7:3) achieved the maximum production (24%). For bio-oil composition, 30% A10H0 showed strong selectivity for phenol and N-heterocycle and 10% A0H10 showed strong aromatization capacity, and the addition of 20% A7H3 increased the hydrocarbons content from 20.79% to 31.63% compared with the blank group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning City 530004, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou City 510640, China.
| | - Dening Wei
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Dianzhan Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Qianhao Qi
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Yingxing Bi
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
| | - Liping Liao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, China
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