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Fernandes LMG, de Carvalho-Silva J, Ferreira-Santos P, Porto ALF, Converti A, da Cunha MNC, Porto TS. Valorization of agro-industrial residues using aspergillus heteromorphus URM0269 for protease production: Characterization and purification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133199. [PMID: 38885866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to produce, characterize and purify a protease from Aspergillus heteromorphus URM0269. After production by solid fermentation of wheat bran performed according to a central composite design, protease was characterized in terms of biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters for further purification by chromatography. Proteolytic activity achieved a maximum value of 57.43 U/mL using 7.8 g of wheat bran with 40 % moisture. Protease displayed high stability in the pH and temperature ranges of 5.0-10.0 and 20-30 °C, respectively, and acted optimally at pH 7.0 and 50 °C. The enzyme was characterized as serine protease. The enzyme followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with maximum reaction rate 140.0 U/mL and Michaelis constant of 11.6 mg/mL. Thermodynamic activation parameters, namely activation Gibbs free energy (69.79 kJ/mol), enthalpy (5.86 kJ/mol), and entropy (-214.39 J/mol.K) of the hydrolysis reaction, corroborated with kinetic modeling showing high affinity for azocasein. However, thermodynamic parameters suggested a reversible mechanism of unfolding. Purification by chromatography yielded a protease purification factor of 7.2, and SDS-PAGE revealed one protein band with a molecular mass of 14.7 kDa. Circular dichroism demonstrated a secondary structure made up with 45.6 % of α-helices. These results show the great potential of this protease for future use in the industrial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Maria Gonçalves Fernandes
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Jônatas de Carvalho-Silva
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), University of Vigo (Campus Auga), As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, Genoa University, via Opera Pia 15, Genoa 16145, Italy
| | - Márcia Nieves Carneiro da Cunha
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Souza Porto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil.
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Ainousah BE, Ibrahim SRM, Alzain AA, Mohamed SGA, Hussein HGA, Ashour A, Abdallah HM, Mohamed GA. Exploring the potential of Aspergillus wentii: secondary metabolites and biological properties. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:216. [PMID: 38619638 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Fungi are of considerable importance due to their capacity to biosynthesize various secondary metabolites with bioactive properties that draw high attention in new drug discovery with beneficial uses for improving human well-being and life quality. Aspergillus genus members are widespread and cosmopolitan species with varying economic significance in the fields of industry, medicine, and agriculture. Its species are renowned for their biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, characterized by both potent biological activity and structural novelty, making them a substantial reservoir for the development of new pharmaceuticals. The current work aimed at focusing on one species of this genus, Aspergillus wentii Wehmer, including its reported secondary metabolites in the period from 1951 to November 2023. A total of 97 compounds, including nitro-compounds, terpenoids, anthraquinones, xanthones, benzamides, and glucans. A summary of their bioactivities, as well as their biosynthesis was highlighted. Additionally, the reported applications of this fungus and its enzymes have been discussed. This review offers a useful reference that can direct future research into this fungus and its active metabolites, as well as their possible pharmacological and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan E Ainousah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahim A Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Shaimaa G A Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, British University, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Hazem G A Hussein
- Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Holt RR, Munafo JP, Salmen J, Keen CL, Mistry BS, Whiteley JM, Schmitz HH. Mycelium: A Nutrient-Dense Food To Help Address World Hunger, Promote Health, and Support a Regenerative Food System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2697-2707. [PMID: 38054424 PMCID: PMC10853969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for transformational innovation within the existing food system to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 of ending hunger within a sustainable agricultural system by 2030. Mycelium, the vegetative growth form of filamentous fungi, may represent a convergence of several features crucial for the development of food products that are nutritious, desirable, scalable, affordable, and environmentally sustainable. Mycelium has gained interest as technology advances demonstrate its ability to provide scalable biomass for food production delivering good flavor and quality protein, fiber, and essential micronutrients urgently needed to improve public health. We review the potential of mycelium as an environmentally sustainable food to address malnutrition and undernutrition, driven by food insecurity and caloric dense diets with less than optimal macro- and micronutrient density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta R. Holt
- Department
of Nutrition, University of California,
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - John P. Munafo
- Department
of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Julie Salmen
- Nutritious
Ideas, LLC, Saint John, Indiana 46373, United States
| | - Carl L. Keen
- Department
of Nutrition, University of California,
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Behroze S. Mistry
- Meati
Foods, 6880 Winchester
Cir Unit D, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Justin M. Whiteley
- Meati
Foods, 6880 Winchester
Cir Unit D, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Harold H. Schmitz
- March
Capital US, LLC, Davis, California 95616, United States
- T.O.P.,
LLC, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Graduate
School of Management, University of California,
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Uwineza C, Bouzarjomehr M, Parchami M, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ, Mahboubi A. Evaluation of in vitro digestibility of Aspergillus oryzae fungal biomass grown on organic residue derived-VFAs as a promising ruminant feed supplement. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:120. [PMID: 37777808 PMCID: PMC10543868 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As demand for high quality animal feed continues to raise, it becomes increasingly important to minimize the environmental impact of feed production. An appealing sustainable approach to provide feed fractions is to use organic residues from agro-food industry. In this regard, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetic, propionic and butyric acids, derived from bioconversion of organic residues can be used as precursors for production of microbial protein with ruminant feed inclusion potential. This study aims to investigate the in vitro digestibility of the Aspergillus oryzae edible fungal biomass cultivated on VFAs-derived from anaerobic digestion of residues. The produced fungal protein biomass, along with hay clover silage and rapeseed meal were subjected to various in vitro assays using two-stage Tilley and Terry (TT), gas, and bag methods to evaluate and compare its digestibility for application in ruminant feed. RESULTS The produced fungal biomass contained a higher crude protein (CP) (41%-49%) and rather similar neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (41%-56%) compared to rapeseed meal. The rumen in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the fungal biomass in the TT method ranged from 82% to 88% (statistically similar to that of the gas method (72% to 85%)). The IVDMD of fungal biomass were up to 26% and 40% greater than that of hay clover silage and rapeseed meal, respectively. The type of substrate and bag method had pronounced effect on the fermentation products (ammonium-N (NH4+-N), total gas and VFAs). Fungal biomass digestion resulted in the highest release of NH4+-N (340-540 mg/L) and the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio (3.5) among subjected substrates. CONCLUSION The results indicate that gas method can be used as a reliable predictor for IVDMD as well as fermentation products. Furthermore, the high IVDMD and fermentation product observed for Aspergillus oryzae fungal biomass digestion, suggest that the supplementation of fungal biomass will contribute to improving the rumen digestion by providing necessary nitrogen and energy to the ruminant and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Uwineza
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190, Borås, Sweden.
| | | | - Milad Parchami
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190, Borås, Sweden
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190, Borås, Sweden
| | | | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190, Borås, Sweden
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Su C, Xie R, Liu D, Liu Y, Liang R. Ecological Responses of Soil Microbial Communities to Heavy Metal Stress in a Coal-Based Industrial Region in China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1392. [PMID: 37374894 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms play vital roles in ecosystem functions, and soil microbial communities might be affected by heavy metal contamination caused by the anthropogenic activities associated with the coal-based industry. This study explored the effects of heavy metal contamination on soil bacterial and fungal communities surrounding different coal-based industrial fields (the coal mining industry, coal preparation industry, coal-based chemical industry, and coal-fired power industry) in Shanxi province, North China. Moreover, soil samples from farmland and parks away from all the industrial plants were collected as references. The results showed that the concentrations of most heavy metals were greater than the local background values, particularly for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). There were significant differences in soil cellulase and alkaline phosphatase activities among sampling fields. The composition, diversity, and abundance of soil microbial communities among all sampling fields were significantly different, particularly for the fungal community. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria were the predominant bacterial phyla, while Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota dominated the studied fungal community in this coal-based industrially intensive region. A redundancy analysis, variance partitioning analysis, and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the soil microbial community structure was significantly affected by Cd, total carbon, total nitrogen, and alkaline phosphatase activity. This study profiles the basic features of the soil physicochemical properties, the multiple heavy metal concentrations, and the microbial communities in a coal-based industrial region in North China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Rong Xie
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ruoyu Liang
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Kamat S, Kumari M, Sajna KV, Singh SK, Kumar A, Jayabaskaran C. Improved Chrysin Production by a Combination of Fermentation Factors and Elicitation from Chaetomium globosum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040999. [PMID: 37110422 PMCID: PMC10146793 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids encompass a heterogeneous group of secondary metabolites with exceptional health benefits. Chrysin, a natural dihydroxyflavone, possesses numerous bioactive properties, such as anticancer, antioxidative, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, etc. However, using traditional sources of chrysin involves extracting honey from plants, which is non-scalable, unsustainable, and depends on several factors, including geography, climatic conditions, and the season, which limits its production at a larger scale. Recently, microbial production of desirable metabolites has garnered attention due to the cost-effectiveness, easy scale-up, sustainability, and low emission of waste. We previously reported for the first time the chrysin-producing marine endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, associated with a marine green alga. To extend our understanding of chrysin biosynthesis in C. globosum, in the present study, we have assessed the presence of flavonoid pathway intermediates in C. globosum extracts using LC-MS/MS. The presence of several key metabolites, such as dihydrokaempferol, chalcone, galangin, baicalein, chrysin, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, and p-Cinnamoyl-CoA, indicates the role of flavonoid biosynthesis machinery in the marine fungus. Further, we have aimed to enhance the production of chrysin with three different strategies: (1) optimizing the fermentation parameters, namely, growth medium, incubation time, pH, and temperature; (2) feeding key flavonoid pathway intermediates, i.e., phenylalanine and cinnamic acid; (3) elicitation with biotic elicitors, such as polysaccharide, yeast extract, and abiotic elicitors that include UV radiation, salinity, and metal stress. The combined effect of the optimized parameters resulted in a 97-fold increase in the chrysin yield, resulting in a fungal cell factory. This work reports the first approach for enhanced production of chrysin and can serve as a template for flavonoid production enhancement using marine endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Kamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kuttuvan Valappil Sajna
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Celignis Biomass Analysis Laboratory, V94 7Y42 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Awasthi MK, Kumar V, Hellwig C, Wikandari R, Harirchi S, Sar T, Wainaina S, Sindhu R, Binod P, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ. Filamentous fungi for sustainable vegan food production systems within a circular economy: Present status and future prospects. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112318. [PMID: 36737911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi serve as potential candidates in the production of different value-added products. In the context of food, there are several advantages of using filamentous fungi for food. Among the main advantages is that the fungal biomass used food not only meets basic nutritional requirements but that it is also rich in protein, low in fat, and free of cholesterol. This speaks to the potential of filamentous fungi in the production of food that can substitute animal-derived protein sources such as meat. Moreover, life-cycle analyses and techno-economic analyses reveal that fungal proteins perform better than animal-derived proteins in terms of land use efficiency as well as global warming. The present article provides an overview of the potential of filamentous fungi as a source of food and food supplements. The commercialization potential as well as social, legal and safety issues of fungi-based food products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Coralie Hellwig
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Rachma Wikandari
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Steven Wainaina
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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Wainaina S, Taherzadeh MJ. Automation and artificial intelligence in filamentous fungi-based bioprocesses: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128421. [PMID: 36462761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing their powerful metabolic versatility, filamentous fungi can be utilized in bioprocesses aimed at achieving circular economy. With the current digital transformation within the biomanufacturing sector, the interest of automating fungi-based systems has intensified. The purpose of this paper was therefore to review the potentials connected to the use of automation and artificial intelligence in fungi-based systems. Automation is characterized by the substitution of manual tasks with mechanized tools. Artificial intelligence is, on the other hand, a domain within computer science that aims at designing tools and machines with the capacity to execute functions that would usually require human aptitude. Process flexibility, enhanced data reliability and increased productivity are some of the benefits of integrating automation and artificial intelligence in fungi-based bioprocesses. One of the existing gaps that requires further investigation is the use of such data-based technologies in the production of food from fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Wainaina
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
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Unlocking the magic in mycelium: Using synthetic biology to optimize filamentous fungi for biomanufacturing and sustainability. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100560. [PMID: 36756210 PMCID: PMC9900623 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi drive carbon and nutrient cycling across our global ecosystems, through its interactions with growing and decaying flora and their constituent microbiomes. The remarkable metabolic diversity, secretion ability, and fiber-like mycelial structure that have evolved in filamentous fungi have been increasingly exploited in commercial operations. The industrial potential of mycelial fermentation ranges from the discovery and bioproduction of enzymes and bioactive compounds, the decarbonization of food and material production, to environmental remediation and enhanced agricultural production. Despite its fundamental impact in ecology and biotechnology, molds and mushrooms have not, to-date, significantly intersected with synthetic biology in ways comparable to other industrial cell factories (e.g. Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Komagataella phaffii). In this review, we summarize a suite of synthetic biology and computational tools for the mining, engineering and optimization of filamentous fungi as a bioproduction chassis. A combination of methods across genetic engineering, mutagenesis, experimental evolution, and computational modeling can be used to address strain development bottlenecks in established and emerging industries. These include slow mycelium growth rate, low production yields, non-optimal growth in alternative feedstocks, and difficulties in downstream purification. In the scope of biomanufacturing, we then detail previous efforts in improving key bottlenecks by targeting protein processing and secretion pathways, hyphae morphogenesis, and transcriptional control. Bringing synthetic biology practices into the hidden world of molds and mushrooms will serve to expand the limited panel of host organisms that allow for commercially-feasible and environmentally-sustainable bioproduction of enzymes, chemicals, therapeutics, foods, and materials of the future.
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Nogueira WV, Moyano FJ, Tesser MB, Garda-Buffon J. Mitigation of aflatoxin B 1 in fish feed by peroxidase from soybean meal. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:110-120. [PMID: 36395353 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Potential of the enzyme peroxidase (PO) from soybean meal to mitigate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in fish feed was evaluated. Reaction parameters studied in the wet stage of the feed production process were enzyme activity (0.01-0.1 U/g), temperature (20-36 °C), time (0-8 h) and humidity content (40-70%). Feed was produced in conformity with the National Research Council and spiked with AFB1 at 10 ng/g. Any residual concentration of AFB1 in the diet was extracted by the QuEChERS method and quantified by a liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector. AFB1 mitigation of 90% was reached when feed production conditions were 0.035 U/g, 32 °C, 6 h and 70% humidity. Therefore, application of PO to the feed industry may be considered a promising tool for mitigation of AFB1, considering its toxicity and frequent occurrence. In addition, it guarantees safe food for consumers of fish farming products, as AFB1 can bioaccumulate in the food chain. It also provides an alternative use for soybean meal that would previously be discarded.
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11
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Kumar V, Sharma N, Umesh M, Selvaraj M, Al-Shehri BM, Chakraborty P, Duhan L, Sharma S, Pasrija R, Awasthi MK, Lakkaboyana SR, Andler R, Bhatnagar A, Maitra SS. Emerging challenges for the agro-industrial food waste utilization: A review on food waste biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127790. [PMID: 35973569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Modernization and industrialization has undoubtedly revolutionized the food and agro-industrial sector leading to the drastic increase in their productivity and marketing thereby accelerating the amount of agro-industrial food waste generated. In the past few decades the potential of these agro-industrial food waste to serve as bio refineries for the extraction of commercially viable products like organic acids, biochemical and biofuels was largely discussed and explored over the conventional method of disposing in landfills. The sustainable development of such strategies largely depends on understanding the techno economic challenges and planning for future strategies to overcome these hurdles. This review work presents a comprehensive outlook on the complex nature of agro-industrial food waste and pretreatment methods for their valorization into commercially viable products along with the challenges in the commercialization of food waste bio refineries that need critical attention to popularize the concept of circular bio economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badria M Al-Shehri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pritha Chakraborty
- School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain (Deemed To Be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lucky Duhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Shivali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Siva Ramakrishna Lakkaboyana
- Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Rodrigo Andler
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio), Universidad Católica del Maule
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
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Wan Mohtar WHM, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Zahuri AA, Ibrahim MF, Show PL, Ilham Z, Jamaludin AA, Abdul Patah MF, Ahmad Usuldin SR, Rowan N. Role of ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi in meeting established and emerging sustainability opportunities: a review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14903-14935. [PMID: 37105672 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2184785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal biomass is the future's feedstock. Non-septate Ascomycetes and septate Basidiomycetes, famously known as mushrooms, are sources of fungal biomass. Fungal biomass, which on averagely comprises about 34% protein and 45% carbohydrate, can be cultivated in bioreactors to produce affordable, safe, nontoxic, and consistent biomass quality. Fungal-based technologies are seen as attractive, safer alternatives, either substituting or complementing the existing standard technology. Water and wastewater treatment, food and feed, green technology, innovative designs in buildings, enzyme technology, potential health benefits, and wealth production are the key sectors that successfully reported high-efficiency performances of fungal applications. This paper reviews the latest technical know-how, methods, and performance of fungal adaptation in those sectors. Excellent performance was reported indicating high potential for fungi utilization, particularly in the sectors, yet to be utilized and improved on the existing fungal-based applications. The expansion of fungal biomass in the industrial-scale application for the sustainability of earth and human well-being is in line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Environmental Management Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Institutes and Industry Centres, Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, MidlandsMidwest, Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Afnan Ahmadi Zahuri
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Zul Ilham
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Malaysia, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Neil Rowan
- Research Institutes and Industry Centres, Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, MidlandsMidwest, Westmeath, Ireland
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Inhibitory and Stimulatory Effects of Fruit Bioactive Compounds on Edible Filamentous Fungi: Potential for Innovative Food Applications. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fermentation of fruit processing residuals (FPRs) with filamentous fungi can provide protein-rich food products. However, FPRs that contain bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties present a major challenge. In this work, the resistance of two edible filamentous fungi, Rhizopus oligosporus and Neurospora intermedia, to 10 typically inhibiting bioactive compounds available in FPRs (epicatechin, quercetin, ellagic acid, betanin, octanol, hexanal, D-limonene, myrcene, car-3-ene, and ascorbic acid) was examined. These compounds’ inhibitory and stimulatory effects on fungal growth were examined individually. Three different concentrations (2.4, 24, and 240 mg/L) within the natural concentration range of these compounds in FPRs were tested. These bioactive compounds stimulated the growth yield and glucose consumption rate of R. oligosporus, while there was no increase in the biomass yield of N. intermedia. Ellagic acid caused an up to four-fold increase in the biomass yield of R. oligosporus. In addition, octanol and D-limonene showed antifungal effects against N. intermedia. These results may be helpful in the development of fungus-based novel fermented foods.
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