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Li J, Liu S, Xu Y, Xu C, Deng B, Cao H, Yuan Q. Optimizing biochar addition strategies in combined processes: Comprehensive assessment of earthworm growth, lignocellulose degradation and vermicompost quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131031. [PMID: 38925402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The sustainable management of agricultural waste is essential for curtailing environmental contamination. To address the shortcomings of single treatment methods, this study evaluated the feasibility of combining membrane-covered composting (MC) with vermicomposting. Based on this, the integrated effects of different biochar addition strategies on the combined process were investigated. The aim was to improve the efficiency of vermicomposting while eliminating the negative effects of biochar on earthworms. Addition of biochar before membrane-covered composting increased total earthworm biomass by 25.6 - 31.4 % and reproduction rate by 13.4 - 23.9 %. Specifically, the electrical conductivity (EC) (1061.0 - 1112.0 uS/cm) of the vermicompost was significantly reduced, while the total nutrient content (42.3 - 42.6 mg/g) and germination index (GI) (103.9 - 108.4 %) were maximized. Additionally, reductions in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and volatile content were observed. Overall, combination process is a promising approach to improve the quality of vermicomposting. The study's results offer a novel perspective on the value-added treatment of agricultural waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Xu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bo Deng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongliang Cao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoxia Yuan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zheng H, Wang M, Fan Y, Yang J, Zhao Z, Chen H, Ye Z, Zheng Z, Yu K. Reuse of composted food waste from rural China as vermicomposting substrate: effects on earthworms, associated microorganisms, and economic benefits. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2685-2697. [PMID: 36846968 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2184728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAerobic composting of food waste (FW) from rural China using a composting device results in a substantial financial burden on the government. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of mitigating this cost using vermicomposting of composted FW. The specific aims were to elucidate the effects of composted FW on earthworm growth and reproduction, reveal the changes in the physical and chemical properties of earthworm casts during vermicomposting, identify the microbial community structure associated with vermicomposting, and perform a financial analysis based on the yield of earthworms and earthworm casts. Mixing composted FW and mature cow dung in an equal ratio achieved the highest earthworm reproduction rate, where 100 adult earthworms produced 567 juvenile earthworms and 252 cocoons in 40 d. Earthworms reduce salt content of vermicomposting substrates by assimilating Na+ and promoting humification by transforming humin into humic and fulvic acid, thus producing earthworm casts with a high generation index > 80%. When composted FW was added to a vermicomposting substrate, a distinctive microbial community structure with alkaliphilic, halophilic, and lignocellulolytic microorganisms dominated the microflora. The dominant bacterial species was Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, and the dominant fungal species changed from Kernia nitida to Coprinopsis scobicola. Furthermore, microbial genes for refractory organic matter and fat degradation were observed in Vibrio cholerae, Kernia nitida, and Coprinopsis scobicola. Financial analysis showed that vermicomposting has the potential to reduce the cost associated with FW disposal from $ 57 to $ 18/t.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabao Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Fan
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqun Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyuan Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Ye
- Office of Qingshanhu strict, Government of Linan district, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanwang Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Sunda Public Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefei Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
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Wang N, He Y, Zhao K, Lin X, He X, Chen A, Wu G, Zhang J, Yan B, Luo L, Xu D. Greenhouse gas emission characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural waste composting process: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120337. [PMID: 38417357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
China, being a major agricultural nation, employs aerobic composting as an efficient approach to handle agricultural solid waste. Nevertheless, the composting process is often accompanied by greenhouse gas emissions, which are known contributors to global warming. Therefore, it is urgent to control the formation and emission of greenhouse gases from composting. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms underlying the production of nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide during the composting process of agricultural wastes. Additionally, it proposes an overview of the variables that affect greenhouse gas emissions, including the types of agricultural wastes (straw, livestock manure), the specifications for compost (pile size, aeration). The key factors of greenhouse gas emissions during composting process like physicochemical parameters, additives, and specific composting techniques (reuse of mature compost products, ultra-high-temperature composting, and electric-field-assisted composting) are summarized. Finally, it suggests directions and perspectives for future research. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for achieving carbon neutrality and promoting environmentally-friendly composting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyi Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Keqi Zhao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Lin
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xi He
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Genyi Wu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Daojun Xu
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China.
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Liu N, Liu Z, Wang K, Zhao J, Fang J, Liu G, Yao H, Pan J. Comparison analysis of microbial agent and different compost material on microbial community and nitrogen transformation genes dynamic changes during pig manure compost. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130359. [PMID: 38272144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of microbial agent and different compost material, on physicochemical parameters dynamic change, nitrogen-transfer gene/bacterial community interaction network during the pig manure composting. Incorporating a microbial agent into rice straw-mushroom compost reduced the NH3 and total ammonia emissions by 25.52 % and 14.41 %, respectively. Notably, rice straw-mushroom with a microbial agent reduced the total ammonia emissions by 37.67 %. NH4+-N and pH emerged as primary factors of phylum-level and genus-level microorganisms. Microbial agent increased the expression of narG, nirK, and nosZ genes. Rice straw-mushroom elevated the content of amoA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes. Alcanivorax, Luteimonas, Pusillimonas, Lactobacillus, Aequorivita, Clostridium, Moheibacter and Truepera were identified as eight core microbial genera during the nitrogen conversion process. This study provides a strategy for reducing ammonia emissions and analyzes the potential mechanisms underlying compost processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyuan Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Keyu Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Changsha IMADEK Intelligent Technology Co., LTD, China
| | - Junting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Wang D, Mai L, Yu Z, Wang K, Meng Z, Wang X, Li Q, Lin J, Wu D. Deciphering the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in thermophilic compost and vermicompost at the molecular level. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129947. [PMID: 37914056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies on compost dissolved organic matter (DOM) previously focus on its composition and humification, without considering DOM bioavailability to understand compost fertility. To decipher the fertility basis of compost, DOM bioavailability in thermophilic compost (TC) and vermicompost (VC) was investigated and linked with its molecular composition. Results showed that DOM bioavailability of VC (36 % BDOC) was generally higher than that of TC (22 % BDOC) due to containing more tannin-like substances. Inversely, only lipid-/carbohydrate-/protein-like substances contributed to DOM bioavailability in TC. Moreover, these differences of bioavailability expanded with C/N decreased in composting materials. Specifically, the %BDOC of VC with N-rich materials (C/N < 25) was 2.1-3.0 times higher than that in TC, while it was only 1.2-1.4 times for C-rich materials (C/N < 25), because N-surplus facilitated the formation of O-/N-containing aromatics (e.g., CHON and tannin) in VC, but inhibited the decomposition of organic materials into small bioactive molecules in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingmei Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circuling Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Tropical Agro-ecosystem, National Observation, and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Liwen Mai
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circuling Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Tropical Agro-ecosystem, National Observation, and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Kongtan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circuling Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China; Institute of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ze Meng
- Hainan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Xiongfei Wang
- Hainan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circuling Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Tropical Agro-ecosystem, National Observation, and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Jiacong Lin
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circuling Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Tropical Agro-ecosystem, National Observation, and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Dongming Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circuling Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Tropical Agro-ecosystem, National Observation, and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China.
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Martín C, Zervakis GI, Xiong S, Koutrotsios G, Strætkvern KO. Spent substrate from mushroom cultivation: exploitation potential toward various applications and value-added products. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2252138. [PMID: 37670430 PMCID: PMC10484051 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residual biomass generated after harvesting the fruitbodies of edible/medicinal fungi. Disposal of SMS, the main by-product of the mushroom cultivation process, often leads to serious environmental problems and is financially demanding. Efficient recycling and valorization of SMS are crucial for the sustainable development of the mushroom industry in the frame of the circular economy principles. The physical properties and chemical composition of SMS are a solid fundament for developing several applications, and recent literature shows an increasing research interest in exploiting that inherent potential. This review provides a thorough outlook on SMS exploitation possibilities and discusses critically recent findings related to specific applications in plant and mushroom cultivation, animal husbandry, and recovery of enzymes and bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martín
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Shaojun Xiong
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
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Abdugheni R, Li L, Yang ZN, Huang Y, Fang BZ, Shurigin V, Mohamad OAA, Liu YH, Li WJ. Microbial Risks Caused by Livestock Excrement: Current Research Status and Prospects. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1897. [PMID: 37630456 PMCID: PMC10456746 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock excrement is a major pollutant yielded from husbandry and it has been constantly imported into various related environments. Livestock excrement comprises a variety of microorganisms including certain units with health risks and these microorganisms are transferred synchronically during the management and utilization processes of livestock excrement. The livestock excrement microbiome is extensively affecting the microbiome of humans and the relevant environments and it could be altered by related environmental factors as well. The zoonotic microorganisms, extremely zoonotic pathogens, and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are posing threats to human health and environmental safety. In this review, we highlight the main feature of the microbiome of livestock excrement and elucidate the composition and structure of the repertoire of microbes, how these microbes transfer from different spots, and they then affect the microbiomes of related habitants as a whole. Overall, the environmental problems caused by the microbiome of livestock excrement and the potential risks it may cause are summarized from the microbial perspective and the strategies for prediction, prevention, and management are discussed so as to provide a reference for further studies regarding potential microbial risks of livestock excrement microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidin Abdugheni
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Yang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Vyacheslav Shurigin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Guan TK, Wang QY, Li JS, Yan HW, Chen QJ, Sun J, Liu CJ, Han YY, Zou YJ, Zhang GQ. Biochar immobilized plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhanced the physicochemical properties, agronomic characters and microbial communities during lettuce seedling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218205. [PMID: 37476665 PMCID: PMC10354297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the by-products of mushroom production, which is mainly composed of disintegrated lignocellulosic biomass, mushroom mycelia and some minerals. The huge output and the lack of effective utilization methods make SMS becoming a serious environmental problem. In order to improve the application of SMS and SMS derived biochar (SBC), composted SMS (CSMS), SBC, combined plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, Bacillus subtilis BUABN-01 and Arthrobacter pascens BUAYN-122) and SBC immobilized PGPR (BCP) were applied in the lettuce seedling. Seven substrate treatments were used, including (1) CK, commercial control; (2) T1, CSMS based blank control; (3) T2, T1 with combined PGPR (9:1, v/v); (4) T3, T1 with SBC (19:1, v/v); (5) T4, T1 with SBC (9:1, v/v); (6) T5, T1 with BCP (19:1, v/v); (7) T6, T1 with BCP (9:1, v/v). The physicochemical properties of substrate, agronomic and physicochemical properties of lettuce and rhizospheric bacterial and fungal communities were investigated. The addition of SBC and BCP significantly (p < 0.05) improved the total nitrogen and available potassium content. The 5% (v/v) BCP addiction treatment (T5) represented the highest fresh weight of aboveground and underground, leave number, chlorophyll content and leaf anthocyanin content, and the lowest root malondialdehyde content. Moreover, high throughput sequencing revealed that the biochar immobilization enhanced the adaptability of PGPR. The addition of PGPR, SBC and BCP significantly enriched the unique bacterial biomarkers. The co-occurrence network analysis revealed that 5% BCP greatly increased the network complexity of rhizospheric microorganisms and improved the correlations of the two PGPR with other microorganisms. Furthermore, microbial functional prediction indicated that BCP enhanced the nutrient transport of rhizospheric microorganisms. This study showed the BCP can increase the agronomic properties of lettuce and improve the rhizospheric microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Kun Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jia-Shu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Wen Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Jun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Jie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jie Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Xu P, Shu L, Li Y, Zhou S, Zhang G, Wu Y, Yang Z. Pretreatment and composting technology of agricultural organic waste for sustainable agricultural development. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16311. [PMID: 37305492 PMCID: PMC10256924 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of agriculture, Agricultural organic waste (AOW) has become the most abundant renewable energy on earth, and it is a hot spot of research in recent years to realize the recycling of AOW to achieve sustainable development of agricultural production. However, lignocellulose, which is difficult to degrade in AOW, greenhouse gas emissions, and pile pathogenic fungi and insect eggs are the biggest obstacles to its return to land use. In response to the above problems researchers promote organic waste recycling by pretreating AOW, controlling composting conditions and adding other substances to achieve green return of AOW to the field and promote the development of agricultural production. This review summarizes the ways of organic waste treatment, factors affecting composting and problems in composting by researchers in recent years, with a view to providing research ideas for future related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Luolin Shu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Guanzhi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Zhenchao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
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