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Rakhimbekova A, Kudaibergenov B, Seitkamal K, Bellone A, Dauletova A, Sypabekova M, Olivero M, Perrone G, Radaelli A, Zanotto C, De Giuli Morghen C, Vangelista L, Tosi D. Rapid detection of vaccinia virus using biofunctionalized fiber-optic ball-tip biosensors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17470. [PMID: 37838808 PMCID: PMC10576743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present the development and biofunctionalization of a fiber-optic ball-resonator biosensor for the real-time detection of vaccinia poxvirus. We fabricated several ball-tip resonators, functionalized through a silanization process to immobilize two bioreceptors: the monoclonal anti-L1R antibody targeting the L1R protein, and the polyclonal rabbit serum antibodies targeting the whole vaccinia virus (VV) pathogen. Experimental measurements were carried out to detect VV in concentrations from 103 to 108 plaque-forming units (PFU), with a limit of detection of around 1.7-4.3 × 103 PFU and a log-quadratic pattern, with a response up to 5 × 10-4 RIU (refractive index units). The specificity was assessed against herpes simplex virus, used as a non-specific control, with the best results obtained with anti-L1R monoclonal antibodies, and through the detection of vaccinia virus/herpes simplex-1 combination. The obtained results provide a real-time viral recognition with a label-free sensing platform, having rapid response and ease of manufacturing, and paving the road to the seamless detection of poxviruses affecting different human and animal species using optical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Rakhimbekova
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Baizak Kudaibergenov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanysh Seitkamal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aurora Bellone
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ayazhan Dauletova
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Marzhan Sypabekova
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Massimo Olivero
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Perrone
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Recombinant Vaccine Development, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milan, Italy
- Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel", Rr. Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Recombinant Vaccine Development, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Vangelista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Tosi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, National Laboratory Astana, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Pohanka M. Immunosensors for Assay of Toxic Biological Warfare Agents. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:402. [PMID: 36979614 PMCID: PMC10046508 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An immunosensor for the assay of toxic biological warfare agents is a biosensor suitable for detecting hazardous substances such as aflatoxin, botulinum toxin, ricin, Shiga toxin, and others. The application of immunosensors is used in outdoor assays, point-of-care tests, as a spare method for more expensive devices, and even in the laboratory as a standard analytical method. Some immunosensors, such as automated flow-through analyzers or lateral flow tests, have been successfully commercialized as tools for toxins assay, but the research is ongoing. New devices are being developed, and the use of advanced materials and assay techniques make immunosensors highly competitive analytical devices in the field of toxic biological warfare agents assay. This review summarizes facts about current applications and new trends of immunosensors regarding recent papers in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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3
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Bhalla N, Payam AF. Addressing the Silent Spread of Monkeypox Disease with Advanced Analytical Tools. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206633. [PMID: 36517107 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox disease is caused by a virus which belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus of the poxviridae family. This disease has recently spread out to several non-endemic countries. While some cases have been linked to travel from endemic regions, more recent infections are thought to have spread in the community without any travel links, raising the risks of a wider outbreak. This state of public health represents a highly unusual event which requires urgent surveillance. In this context, the opportunities and technological challenges of current bio/chemical sensors, nanomaterials, nanomaterial characterization instruments, and artificially intelligent biosystems collectively called "advanced analytical tools" are reviewed here, which will allow early detection, characterization, and inhibition of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the community and limit its expansion from endemic to pandemic. A summary of background information is also provided from biological and epidemiological perspective of monkeypox to support the scientific case for its holistic management using advanced analytical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St., BT15 1ED Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, York St., BT15 1ED Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St., BT15 1ED Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, York St., BT15 1ED Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Sadighbayan D, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Portable Sensing Devices for Detection of COVID-19: A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:10219-10230. [PMID: 36790948 PMCID: PMC8769007 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3059970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic is the most challenging incident that people have faced in recent years. Despite the time-consuming and expensive conventional methods, point-of-care diagnostics have a crucial role in deterrence, timely detection, and intensive care of the disease's progress. Hence, this detrimental health emergency persuaded researchers to accelerate the development of highly-scalable diagnostic devices to control the propagation of the virus even in the least developed countries. The strategies exploited for detecting COVID-19 stem from the already designed systems for studying other maladies, particularly viral infections. The present report reviews not only the novel advances in portable diagnostic devices for recognizing COVID-19, but also the previously existing biosensors for detecting other viruses. It discusses their adaptability for identifying surface proteins, whole viruses, viral genomes, host antibodies, and other biomarkers in biological samples. The prominence of different types of biosensors such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical for detecting low viral loads have been underlined. Thus, it is anticipated that this review will assist scientists who have embarked on a competition to come up with more efficient and marketable in-situ test kits for identifying the infection even in its incubation time without sample pretreatment. Finally, a conclusion is provided to highlight the importance of such an approach for monitoring people to combat the spread of such contagious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sadighbayan
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiologyYork UniversityTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), Lassonde School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiologyYork UniversityTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada
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Ma J, Du M, Wang C, Xie X, Wang H, Zhang Q. Advances in airborne microorganisms detection using biosensors: A critical review. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 15:47. [PMID: 33842019 PMCID: PMC8023783 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-021-1420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Humanity has been facing the threat of a variety of infectious diseases. Airborne microorganisms can cause airborne infectious diseases, which spread rapidly and extensively, causing huge losses to human society on a global scale. In recent years, the detection technology for airborne microorganisms has developed rapidly; it can be roughly divided into biochemical, immune, and molecular technologies. However, these technologies still have some shortcomings; they are time-consuming and have low sensitivity and poor stability. Most of them need to be used in the ideal environment of a laboratory, which limits their applications. A biosensor is a device that converts biological signals into detectable signals. As an interdisciplinary field, biosensors have successfully introduced a variety of technologies for bio-detection. Given their fast analysis speed, high sensitivity, good portability, strong specificity, and low cost, biosensors have been widely used in environmental monitoring, medical research, food and agricultural safety, military medicine and other fields. In recent years, the performance of biosensors has greatly improved, becoming a promising technology for airborne microorganism detection. This review introduces the detection principle of biosensors from the three aspects of component identification, energy conversion principle, and signal amplification. It also summarizes its research and application in airborne microorganism detection. The new progress and future development trend of the biosensor detection of airborne microorganisms are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Manman Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xinwu Xie
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300161 China
- National Bio-Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin, 300161 China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300161 China
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, Institute of Particle Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, D-42119 Germany
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Pohanka M. Current Trends in the Biosensors for Biological Warfare Agents Assay. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2303. [PMID: 31323857 PMCID: PMC6678440 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are analytical devices combining a physical sensor with a part of biological origin providing sensitivity and selectivity toward analyte. Biological warfare agents are infectious microorganisms or toxins with the capability to harm or kill humans. They can be produced and spread by a military or misused by a terrorist group. For example, Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella sp., Yersinia pestis, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, botulinum toxin and orthopoxviruses are typical biological warfare agents. Biosensors for biological warfare agents serve as simple but reliable analytical tools for the both field and laboratory assay. There are examples of commercially available biosensors, but research and development of new types continue and their application in praxis can be expected in the future. This review summarizes the facts and role of biosensors in the biological warfare agents' assay, and shows current commercially available devices and trends in research of the news. Survey of actual literature is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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7
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Bokhari H. Exploitation of microbial forensics and nanotechnology for the monitoring of emerging pathogens. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29513060 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1444013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of global mortality. Traditional laboratory diagnostic approaches designed to detect and track infectious disease agents provide a framework for surveillance of bio threats. However, surveillance and outbreak investigations using such time-consuming approaches for early detection of pathogens remain the major pitfall. Hence, reasonable real-time surveillance systems to anticipate threats to public health and environment are critical for identifying specific aetiologies and preventing the global spread of infectious disease. The current review discusses the growing need for monitoring and surveillance of pathogens with the same zeal and approach as adopted by microbial forensics laboratories, and further strengthening it by integrating with the innovative nanotechnology for rapid detection of microbial pathogens. Such innovative diagnostics platforms will help to track pathogens from high risk areas and environment by pre-emptive approach that will minimize damages. The various scenarios with the examples are discussed where the high risk associated human pathogens in particular were successfully detected using various nanotechnology approaches with potential future prospects in the field of microbial forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Bokhari
- a Microbiology & Public Health Lab, Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
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Choi J, Park SY, Hong J, Kim S, Kim YG. Detection of Surrogate Cells Presenting Vaccinia Virus Protein by DNA Aptamers. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Jipyo Hong
- Nanobiotechnology Lab; Dongguk University; Goyang-si 10362 Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Nanobiotechnology Lab; Dongguk University; Goyang-si 10362 Korea
| | - Yang-Gyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
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Testa G, Persichetti G, Bernini R. Liquid Core ARROW Waveguides: A Promising Photonic Structure for Integrated Optofluidic Microsensors. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7030047. [PMID: 30407419 PMCID: PMC6190334 DOI: 10.3390/mi7030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a liquid core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) as a novel optofluidic device that can be used to create innovative and highly functional microsensors. Liquid core ARROWs, with their dual ability to guide the light and the fluids in the same microchannel, have shown great potential as an optofluidic tool for quantitative spectroscopic analysis. ARROWs feature a planar architecture and, hence, are particularly attractive for chip scale integrated system. Step by step, several improvements have been made in recent years towards the implementation of these waveguides in a complete on-chip system for highly-sensitive detection down to the single molecule level. We review applications of liquid ARROWs for fluids sensing and discuss recent results and trends in the developments and applications of liquid ARROW in biomedical and biochemical research. The results outlined show that the strong light matter interaction occurring in the optofluidic channel of an ARROW and the versatility offered by the fabrication methods makes these waveguides a very promising building block for optofluidic sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genni Testa
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Persichetti
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
| | - Romeo Bernini
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IREA-CNR), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy.
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Seo Y, Kim JE, Jeong Y, Lee KH, Hwang J, Hong J, Park H, Choi J. Engineered nanoconstructs for the multiplexed and sensitive detection of high-risk pathogens. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1944-1951. [PMID: 26462853 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many countries categorize the causative agents of severe infectious diseases as high-risk pathogens. Given their extreme infectivity and potential to be used as biological weapons, a rapid and sensitive method for detection of high-risk pathogens (e.g., Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, and Vaccinia virus) is highly desirable. Here, we report the construction of a novel detection platform comprising two units: (1) magnetic beads separately conjugated with multiple capturing antibodies against four different high-risk pathogens for simple and rapid isolation, and (2) genetically engineered apoferritin nanoparticles conjugated with multiple quantum dots and detection antibodies against four different high-risk pathogens for signal amplification. For each high-risk pathogen, we demonstrated at least 10-fold increase in sensitivity compared to traditional lateral flow devices that utilize enzyme-based detection methods. Multiplexed detection of high-risk pathogens in a sample was also successful by using the nanoconstructs harboring the dye molecules with fluorescence at different wavelengths. We ultimately envision the use of this novel nanoprobe detection platform in future applications that require highly sensitive on-site detection of high-risk pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Ji-eun Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Yoon Jeong
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Kwan Hong Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea. and Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 426-791, Korea
| | - Jangsun Hwang
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Jongwook Hong
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea. and Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 426-791, Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea. and Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 426-791, Korea
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Park S, Kim J, Ock H, Dutta G, Seo J, Shin EC, Yang H. Sensitive electrochemical detection of vaccinia virus in a solution containing a high concentration of l-ascorbic acid. Analyst 2015; 140:5481-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new redox cycling scheme allows sensitive detection of vaccinia virus in a solution containing a high concentration of l-ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Daejeon
- Korea
| | - Hwiseok Ock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Gorachand Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Jeongwook Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Daejeon
- Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Korea
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Bally M, Graule M, Parra F, Larson G, Höök F. A virus biosensor with single virus-particle sensitivity based on fluorescent vesicle labels and equilibrium fluctuation analysis. Biointerphases 2013; 8:4. [PMID: 24706118 DOI: 10.1186/1559-4106-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors allowing for the rapid and sensitive detection of viral pathogens in environmental or clinical samples are urgently needed to prevent disease outbreaks and spreading. We present a bioanalytical assay for the detection of whole viral particles with single virus sensitivity. Specifically, we focus on the detection of human norovirus, a highly infectious virus causing gastroenteritis. In our assay configuration, virus-like particles are captured onto a supported lipid bilayer containing a virus-specific glycolipid and detected after recognition by a glycolipid-containing fluorescent vesicle. Read-out is performed after illumination of the vesicle labels by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. This allows for visualization of individual vesicles and for recording of their binding kinetics under equilibrium conditions (equilibrium fluctuation analysis), as demonstrated previously. In this work we extend the concept and demonstrate that this simple assay setup can be used as a bioanalytical assay for the detection of virus particles at a limit of detection of 16 fM. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the analysis of the single vesicle-virus-like particle interaction dynamics can contribute to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of the assay by discriminating specific from non-specific binding events. This method is suggested to be generally applicable, provided that these events display different interaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bally
- Department of Applied Physics, Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden,
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Kirsch J, Siltanen C, Zhou Q, Revzin A, Simonian A. Biosensor technology: recent advances in threat agent detection and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8733-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bantz KC, Meyer AF, Wittenberg NJ, Im H, Kurtuluş Ö, Lee SH, Lindquist NC, Oh SH, Haynes CL. Recent progress in SERS biosensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11551-67. [PMID: 21509385 PMCID: PMC3156086 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01841d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This perspective gives an overview of recent developments in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for biosensing. We focus this review on SERS papers published in the last 10 years and to specific applications of detecting biological analytes. Both intrinsic and extrinsic SERS biosensing schemes have been employed to detect and identify small molecules, nucleic acids, lipids, peptides, and proteins, as well as for in vivo and cellular sensing. Current SERS substrate technologies along with a series of advancements in surface chemistry, sample preparation, intrinsic/extrinsic signal transduction schemes, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are discussed. The progress covered herein shows great promise for widespread adoption of SERS biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Bantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Audrey F. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Özge Kurtuluş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Si Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Nathan C. Lindquist
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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Ohk SH, Koo OK, Sen T, Yamamoto CM, Bhunia AK. Antibody-aptamer functionalized fibre-optic biosensor for specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes from food. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 109:808-17. [PMID: 20337767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop antibody-aptamer functionalized fibre-optic biosensor for specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes from food products. METHODS AND RESULTS Aptamer, a single-stranded oligonucleotide ligand that displays affinity for the target molecule, was used in the assay to provide sensor specificity. Aptamer-A8, specific for internalin A, an invasive protein of L. monocytogenes, was used in the fibre-optic sensor together with antibody in a sandwich format for detection of L. monocytogenes from food. Biotinylated polyclonal anti-Listeria antibody, P66, was immobilized on streptavidin-coated optical waveguide surface for capturing bacteria, and Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated A8 was used as a reporter. The biosensor was able to selectively detect pathogenic Listeria in pure culture and in mixture with other bacteria at a concentration of approx. 10(3) CFU ml(-1). This sensor also successfully detected L. monocytogenes cells from artificially contaminated (initial inoculation of 10(2) CFU 25 g(-1) ) ready-to-eat meat products such as sliced beef, chicken and turkey after 18 h of enrichment. CONCLUSION Based on the data presented in this study, the antibody-aptamer functionalized fibre-optic biosensor could be used as a detection tool for sensitive and specific detection of L. monocytogenes from foods. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study demonstrates feasibility and novel application of aptamer on fibre-optic biosensor platform for the sensitive detection of L. monocytogenes from food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ohk
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2009, USA
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Yadav R, Dwivedi S, Kumar S, Chaudhury A. Trends and Perspectives of Biosensors for Food and Environmental Virology. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2010; 2. [PMCID: PMC7090531 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-010-9034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Food and environmental virology has become a very important and interesting area of research because of food safety and public health concerns. During the last few decades, increasing foodborne diseases and environmental generated illnesses are considered to be highly challenging issues. Biosensor technology holds great promise for the healthcare market, and the security sector. Similar to clinical diagnostic tools, biosensors are being developed for the rapid, reliable, yet inexpensive identification and enumeration of pathogenic viruses which are adulterating environment, food and feed commodities. In this modern era, bio-and nano-technologies play a pivotal role in virological diagnostics of food industry, environmental and veterinary samples. This review covers the recent advances and future prospects of nanotechnology-based bioanalytical microsystems for food and environmental virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - Sadhana Dwivedi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, ICAR, Sewar, Bharatpur, 321303 Rajasthan India
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
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18
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Rudenko MI, Kühn S, Lunt EJ, Deamer DW, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Ultrasensitive Qbeta phage analysis using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on an optofluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3258-63. [PMID: 19443207 PMCID: PMC2747795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate detection and analysis of the Qbeta bacteriophage on the single virus level using an integrated optofluidic biosensor. Individual Qbeta phages with masses on the order of attograms were sensed and analyzed on a silicon chip in their natural liquid environment without the need for virus immobilization. The diffusion coefficient of the viruses was extracted from the fluorescence signal by means of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and found to be 15.90+/-1.50 microm(2)/s in excellent agreement with previously published values. The aggregation and disintegration of the phage were also observed. Virus flow velocities determined by FCS were in the 60-300 microm/s range. This study suggests considerable potential for an inexpensive and portable sensor capable of discrimination between viruses of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Rudenko
- School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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19
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Antibody-based sensors: principles, problems and potential for detection of pathogens and associated toxins. SENSORS 2009; 9:4407-45. [PMID: 22408533 PMCID: PMC3291918 DOI: 10.3390/s90604407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based sensors permit the rapid and sensitive analysis of a range of pathogens and associated toxins. A critical assessment of the implementation of such formats is provided, with reference to their principles, problems and potential for 'on-site' analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, and additional examples relating to the monitoring of fungal pathogens, viruses, mycotoxins, marine toxins and parasites are also provided.
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20
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Identification and classification of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1551-5. [PMID: 18236030 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a critical need for a rapid and sensitive means of detecting viruses. Recent reports from our laboratory have shown that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can meet these needs. In this study, SERS was used to obtain the Raman spectra of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains A/Long, B1, and A2. SERS-active substrates composed of silver nanorods were fabricated using an oblique angle vapor deposition method. The SERS spectra obtained for each virus were shown to possess a high degree of reproducibility. Based on their intrinsic SERS spectra, the four virus strains were readily detected and classified using the multivariate statistical methods principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The chemometric results show that PCA is able to separate the three virus strains unambiguously, whereas the HCA method was able to readily distinguish an A2 strain-related G gene mutant virus (DeltaG) from the A2 strain. The results described here demonstrate that SERS, in combination with multivariate statistical methods, can be utilized as a highly sensitive and rapid viral identification and classification method.
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21
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Zhu H, White IM, Suter JD, Zourob M, Fan X. Opto-fluidic micro-ring resonator for sensitive label-free viral detection. Analyst 2008; 133:356-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b716834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Xu J, Suarez D, Gottfried DS. Detection of avian influenza virus using an interferometric biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:1193-9. [PMID: 17710386 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An interferometric biosensor immunoassay for direct and label-less detection of avian influenza through whole virus capture on a planar optical waveguide is described. The assay response is based on index of refraction changes that occur upon binding of virus particles to unique antigen-specific (hemagglutinin) antibodies on the waveguide surface. Three virus subtypes (two H7 and one H8) in buffer solution were tested using both monoclonal and polyclonal capture antibodies. The real-time response of the antigen-antibody interaction was measured and was shown to be concentration-dependent, with detection limits as low as 0.0005 hemagglutination units per milliliter. A simple sandwich assay was shown to further increase the biosensor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Georgia Tech Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0801, USA
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23
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Driskell JD, Uhlenkamp JM, Lipert RJ, Porter MD. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Immunoassays Using a Rotated Capture Substrate. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4141-8. [PMID: 17487976 DOI: 10.1021/ac0701031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive format for immunosorbent assays has been developed to meet the increasing levels of performance (i.e., reduction of incubation times and detection limits) demanded in the medical, veterinary, and bioterrorism prevention arenas. This paper introduces the concept of a rotating capture substrate as a facile means to increase the flux of antigen and label to the solid-phase surface and thereby reduce assay time. To this end, a sandwich-type assay is carried out that couples the specificity of antibody-antigen interactions with the high sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection. To investigate this strategy, polyclonal anti-rabbit IgG was immobilized on a gold capture substrate via a thiolate coupling agent. The capture substrate, capable of controlled rotation, was then immersed in a sample solution containing rabbit IgG, which served as a model analyte. After binding the target IgG, the substrates were immersed and rotated in an extrinsic Raman label (ERL) labeling solution, which is composed of gold nanoparticles (60 nm) coated with an aromatic moiety as the Raman scatterer and an antibody as the biospecific recognition element. The effect of substrate rotation on both the antigen binding and ERL labeling steps was investigated. Implementation of optimized rotation conditions resulted in the reduction of assay times from 24 h to 25 min and a 10-fold improvement in the limit of detection. Finally, the developed protocol was applied to the detection of rabbit IgG suspended in goat serum, which served to assess performance in a biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Driskell
- Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
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Driskell JD, Kwarta KM, Lipert RJ, Porter MD, Neill JD, Ridpath JF. Low-level detection of viral pathogens by a surface-enhanced Raman scattering based immunoassay. Anal Chem 2007; 77:6147-54. [PMID: 16194072 DOI: 10.1021/ac0504159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The need for rapid, highly sensitive, and versatile diagnostic tests for viral pathogens spans from human and veterinary medicine to bioterrorism prevention. As an approach to meet these demands, a diagnostic test employing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the selective extraction of viral pathogens from a sample in a chip-scale, sandwich immunoassay format has been developed using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a readout method. The strengths of SERS-based detection include its inherent high sensitivity and facility for multiplexing. The capability of this approach is demonstrated by the capture of feline calicivirus (FCV) from cell culture media that is exposed to a gold substrate modified with a covalently immobilized layer of anti-FCV mAbs. The surface-bound FCVs are subsequently coupled with an extrinsic Raman label (ERL) for identification and quantification. The ERLs consist of 60-nm gold nanoparticles coated first with a layer of Raman reporter molecules and then a layer of mAbs. The Raman reporter molecule is strategically designed to chemisorb as a thiolate adlayer on the gold nanoparticle, to provide a strong and unique spectral signature, and to covalently link a layer of mAbs to the gold nanoparticle. The last feature provides a means to selectively tag substrate-bound FCV. This paper describes the development of the assay, which uses cell culture media as a sample matrix and has a linear dynamic range of 1 x 10(6)-2.5 x 10(8) viruses/mL and a limit of detection of 1 x 10(6) viruses/mL. These results reflect the findings from a detailed series of investigations on the effects of several experimental parameters (e.g., salt concentration, ERL binding buffer, and sample agitation), all of which were aimed at minimizing nonspecific binding and maximizing FCV binding efficiency. The performance of the assay is correlated with the number of captured FCV, determined by atomic force microscopy, as a means of method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Driskell
- Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
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25
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Kulagina NV, Shaffer KM, Ligler FS, Taitt CR. Antimicrobial peptides as new recognition molecules for screening challenging species. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2007; 121:150-157. [PMID: 18231571 PMCID: PMC1826611 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2006.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate binding of four targets of biodefense interest to immobilized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in biosensor assays. Polymyxins B and E, melittin, cecropins A, B, and P, parasin, bactenecin and magainin-1, as well as control antibodies, were used as capture molecules for detection of Cy3-labeled Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE), vaccinia virus, C. burnetti and B. melitensis. Although VEE, vaccinia virus and C. burnetti did not show any binding activity to their corresponding capture antibodies, B. melitensis bound to immobilized anti-Brucella monoclonal antibodies. The majority of the immobilized AMPs included in this study bound labeled VEE, vaccinia virus and C. burnetti in a concentration-dependent manner, and B. melitensis bound to polymyxin B, polymyxin E, and bactenecin. No binding was observed on immobilized magainin-1. In contrast to all bacterial targets tested to date, VEE and vaccinia virus demonstrated similar patterns of binding to all peptides. While the direct assay is generally replaced by a sandwich assay for analysis of real-world samples, direct binding experiments are commonly used to characterize specificity and sensitivity of binding molecules. In this case, they clearly demonstrate the capability of AMPs as recognition molecules for four biothreat agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Kulagina
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, 20375-5348 USA
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26
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Driskell JD, Kwarta KM, Lipert RJ, Vorwald A, Neill JD, Ridpath JF, Porter MD. Control of antigen mass transfer via capture substrate rotation: An absolute method for the determination of viral pathogen concentration and reduction of heterogeneous immunoassay incubation times. J Virol Methods 2006; 138:160-9. [PMID: 17034870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunosorbent assays are commonly employed as diagnostic tests in human healthcare, veterinary medicine and bioterrorism prevention. These assays, however, often require long incubation times, limiting sample throughput. As an approach to overcome this weakness, this paper examines the use of rotating capture substrates to increase the flux of antigen to the surface, thereby reducing the incubation time. To assess the capability of this approach, porcine parvovirus (PPV) was selectively extracted from solution by systematically varying the rotation rate of a gold substrate modified with a layer of anti-PPV monoclonal antibodies. The captured PPV were then directly imaged and quantified by atomic force microscopy. The benefits of substrate rotation are demonstrated by comparing an assay performed under stagnant conditions to one carried out with substrate rotation at 800 rpm, both for 10 min incubations at 25 degrees C. The use of rotation lowered the limit of detection to 3.4x10(4)TCID50/mL (approximately 80 fM) from 3.2x10(5)TCID50/mL (approximately 800 fM) under stagnant conditions. Results are also presented that show this strategy can be used: (1) to determine antigen concentrations without standards and (2) to establish the numerical relationship between quantal concentration units (e.g., 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)) and quantitative concentration units (e.g., viruses/mL) The potential to broadly apply this technique to heterogeneous immunoassays is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Driskell
- Iowa State University, Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Department of Chemistry, The Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011-3020, United States
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27
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Shanmukh S, Jones L, Driskell J, Zhao Y, Dluhy R, Tripp RA. Rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory virus molecular signatures using a silver nanorod array SERS substrate. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:2630-6. [PMID: 17090104 DOI: 10.1021/nl061666f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A spectroscopic assay based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using silver nanorod array substrates has been developed that allows for rapid detection of trace levels of viruses with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. This novel SERS assay can detect spectral differences between viruses, viral strains, and viruses with gene deletions in biological media. The method provides rapid diagnostics for detection and characterization of viruses generating reproducible spectra without viral manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saratchandra Shanmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy and Center for Disease Intervention, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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28
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Antibody Immobilization on Waveguides Using aFlow–Through System Shows Improved Listeria monocytogenesDetection in an Automated Fiber Optic Biosensor: RAPTORTM. SENSORS 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/s6080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Simpson JM, Lim DV. Rapid PCR confirmation of E. coli O157:H7 after evanescent wave fiber optic biosensor detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:881-7. [PMID: 16257656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an enteric pathogen of public health importance, which is monitored by several government agencies. Many rapid detection tests have been developed to identify foodstuff and water supplies contaminated by E. coli O157:H7. However, these methods can be time consuming (24-48 h) due to the need to culture the bacteria to confirm detection results. Fiber optic biosensors can rapidly detect pathogens from complex matrices, yet confirmation tests can take up to 10h to complete. In addition, fiber optic biosensors can also be used to reduce the impact of PCR inhibitors present in complex matrices such as food and water. This paper presents methodologies to reduce the time necessary for confirmation from 10 to about 2 h, by direct PCR of bacteria from the fiber optic waveguides without the need for culture or enrichment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M Simpson
- University of South Florida, Department of Biology, Center for Biological Defense, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. SCA110, Tampa, 33620-5200, USA.
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30
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Lim DV, Simpson JM, Kearns EA, Kramer MF. Current and developing technologies for monitoring agents of bioterrorism and biowarfare. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18:583-607. [PMID: 16223949 PMCID: PMC1265906 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.18.4.583-607.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent events have made public health officials acutely aware of the importance of rapidly and accurately detecting acts of bioterrorism. Because bioterrorism is difficult to predict or prevent, reliable platforms to rapidly detect and identify biothreat agents are important to minimize the spread of these agents and to protect the public health. These platforms must not only be sensitive and specific, but must also be able to accurately detect a variety of pathogens, including modified or previously uncharacterized agents, directly from complex sample matrices. Various commercial tests utilizing biochemical, immunological, nucleic acid, and bioluminescence procedures are currently available to identify biological threat agents. Newer tests have also been developed to identify such agents using aptamers, biochips, evanescent wave biosensors, cantilevers, living cells, and other innovative technologies. This review describes these current and developing technologies and considers challenges to rapid, accurate detection of biothreat agents. Although there is no ideal platform, many of these technologies have proved invaluable for the detection and identification of biothreat agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Lim
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological Defense, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5200, USA.
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31
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Taitt CR, Anderson GP, Ligler FS. Evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2470-87. [PMID: 15854820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Revised: 10/24/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since discovery and first use in the mid-1970s, evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors have developed into a diverse range of instruments, each designed to meet a particular detection need. In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of what evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors are, how they work, and how they are used. In addition, we have summarized the important patents that have impacted the evolution from laboratory curiosities to fully automated commercial products. Finally, we address the critical issues that evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors will face in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rowe Taitt
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
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