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Hu S, Ye J, Shi S, Yang C, Jin K, Hu C, Wang D, Ma H. Large-Area Electronics-Enabled High-Resolution Digital Microfluidics for Parallel Single-Cell Manipulation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6905-6914. [PMID: 37071892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Large-area electronics as switching elements are an ideal option for electrode-array-based digital microfluidics. With support of highly scalable thin-film semiconductor technology, high-resolution digital droplets (diameter around 100 μm) containing single-cell samples can be manipulated freely on a two-dimensional plane with programmable addressing logic. In addition, single-cell generation and manipulation as foundations for single-cell research demand ease of operation, multifunctionality, and accurate tools. In this work, we reported an active-matrix digital microfluidic platform for single-cell generation and manipulation. The active device contained 26,368 electrodes that could be independently addressed to perform parallel and simultaneous droplet generation and achieved single-cell manipulation. We demonstrate a high-resolution digital droplet generation with a droplet volume limit of 500 pL and show the continuous and stable movement of droplet-contained cells for over 1 h. Furthermore, the success rate of single droplet formation was higher than 98%, generating tens of single cells within 10 s. In addition, a pristine single-cell generation rate of 29% was achieved without further selection procedures, and the droplets containing single cells could then be tested for on-chip cell culturing. After 20 h of culturing, about 12.5% of the single cells showed cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Ye
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528000, P. R. China
| | - Subao Shi
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Chenxuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Dongping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528000, P. R. China
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2
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Shen R, Lv A, Yi S, Wang P, Mak PI, Martins RP, Jia Y. Nucleic acid analysis on electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Zhou P, He H, Ma H, Wang S, Hu S. A Review of Optical Imaging Technologies for Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020274. [PMID: 35208397 PMCID: PMC8877635 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics can precisely control and manipulate micro-scale fluids, and are also known as lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis systems. Microfluidics have huge application potential in biology, chemistry, and medicine, among other fields. Coupled with a suitable detection system, the detection and analysis of small-volume and low-concentration samples can be completed. This paper reviews an optical imaging system combined with microfluidics, including bright-field microscopy, chemiluminescence imaging, spectrum-based microscopy imaging, and fluorescence-based microscopy imaging. At the end of the article, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Haipeng He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Hanbin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Siyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
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Microfluidics-Based Plasmonic Biosensing System Based on Patterned Plasmonic Nanostructure Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070826. [PMID: 34357236 PMCID: PMC8303257 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the recent advances and progress of plasmonic biosensors based on patterned plasmonic nanostructure arrays that are integrated with microfluidic chips for various biomedical detection applications. The plasmonic biosensors have made rapid progress in miniaturization sensors with greatly enhanced performance through the continuous advances in plasmon resonance techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based refractive index sensing, SPR imaging (SPRi), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Meanwhile, microfluidic integration promotes multiplexing opportunities for the plasmonic biosensors in the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. Particularly, different types of microfluidic-integrated plasmonic biosensor systems based on versatile patterned plasmonic nanostructured arrays were reviewed comprehensively, including their methods and relevant typical works. The microfluidics-based plasmonic biosensors provide a high-throughput platform for the biochemical molecular analysis with the advantages such as ultra-high sensitivity, label-free, and real time performance; thus, they continue to benefit the existing and emerging applications of biomedical studies, chemical analyses, and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Wang J, Ma P, Kim DH, Liu BF, Demirci U. Towards Microfluidic-Based Exosome Isolation and Detection for Tumor Therapy. NANO TODAY 2021; 37:101066. [PMID: 33777166 PMCID: PMC7990116 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of cell-secreted, nano-sized extracellular vesicles with a bilayer membrane structure of 30-150 nm in diameter. Their discovery and application have brought breakthroughs in numerous areas, such as liquid biopsies, cancer biology, drug delivery, immunotherapy, tissue repair, and cardiovascular diseases. Isolation of exosomes is the first step in exosome-related research and its applications. Standard benchtop exosome separation and sensing techniques are tedious and challenging, as they require large sample volumes, multi-step operations that are complex and time-consuming, requiring cumbersome and expensive instruments. In contrast, microfluidic platforms have the potential to overcome some of these limitations, owing to their high-precision processing, ability to handle liquids at a microscale, and integrability with various functional units, such as mixers, actuators, reactors, separators, and sensors. These platforms can optimize the detection process on a single device, representing a robust and versatile technique for exosome separation and sensing to attain high purity and high recovery rates with a short processing time. Herein, we overview microfluidic strategies for exosome isolation based on their hydrodynamic properties, size filtration, acoustic fields, immunoaffinity, and dielectrophoretic properties. We focus especially on advances in label-free isolation of exosomes with active biological properties and intact morphological structures. Further, we introduce microfluidic techniques for the detection of exosomal proteins and RNAs with high sensitivity, high specificity, and low detection limits. We summarize the biomedical applications of exosome-mediated therapeutic delivery targeting cancer cells. To highlight the advantages of microfluidic platforms, conventional techniques are included for comparison. Future challenges and prospects of microfluidics towards exosome isolation applications are also discussed. Although the use of exosomes in clinical applications still faces biological, technical, regulatory, and market challenges, in the foreseeable future, recent developments in microfluidic technologies are expected to pave the way for tailoring exosome-related applications in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Peng Ma
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel H Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
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Kremers T, Thelen S, Bosbach N, Schnakenberg U. PortaDrop: A portable digital microfluidic platform providing versatile opportunities for Lab-On-A-Chip applications. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238581. [PMID: 32881948 PMCID: PMC7470335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrowetting-on-dielectric is a decent technique to manipulate discrete volumes of liquid in form of droplets. In the last decade, electrowetting-on-dielectric systems, also called digital microfluidic systems, became more frequently used for a variety of applications because of their high flexibility and reconfigurability. Thus, one design can be adapted to different assays by only reprogramming. However, this flexibility can only be useful if the entire system is portable and easy to use. This paper presents the development of a portable, stand-alone digital microfluidic system based on a Linux-based operating system running on a Raspberry Pi, which is unique. We present "PortaDrop" exhibiting the following key features: (1) an "all-in-one box" approach, (2) a user-friendly, self-explaining graphical user interface and easy handling, (3) the ability of integrated electrochemical measurements, (4) the ease to implement additional lab equipment via Universal Serial Bus and the General Purpose Interface Bus as well as (5) a standardized experiment documentation. We propose that PortaDrop can be used to carry out experiments in different applications, where small sample volumes in the nanoliter to picoliter range need to be handled an analyzed automatically. As a first application, we present a protocol, where a droplet is consequently exchanged by droplets of another medium using passive dispensing. The exchange is monitored by electrical impedance spectroscopy. It is the first time, the media exchange caused by passive dispensing is characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Summarizing, PortaDrop allows easy combination of fluid handling by means of electrowetting and additional sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kremers
- Chair of Micro- and Nanosystems and Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Thelen
- Chair of Micro- and Nanosystems and Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nils Bosbach
- Chair of Micro- and Nanosystems and Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schnakenberg
- Chair of Micro- and Nanosystems and Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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7
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Frey LJ, Vorländer D, Rasch D, Meinen S, Müller B, Mayr T, Dietzel A, Grosch JH, Krull R. Defining mass transfer in a capillary wave micro-bioreactor for dose-response and other cell-based assays. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Kothamachu VB, Zaini S, Muffatto F. Role of Digital Microfluidics in Enabling Access to Laboratory Automation and Making Biology Programmable. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:411-426. [PMID: 32584152 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320931794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a liquid handling technique that has been demonstrated to automate biological experimentation in a low-cost, rapid, and programmable manner. This review discusses the role of DMF as a "digital bioconverter"-a tool to connect the digital aspects of the design-build-learn cycle with the physical execution of experiments. Several applications are reviewed to demonstrate the utility of DMF as a digital bioconverter, namely, genetic engineering, sample preparation for sequencing and mass spectrometry, and enzyme-, immuno-, and cell-based screening assays. These applications show that DMF has great potential in the role of a centralized execution platform in a fully integrated pipeline for the production of novel organisms and biomolecules. In this paper, we discuss how the function of a DMF device within such a pipeline is highly dependent on integration with different sensing techniques and methodologies from machine learning and big data. In addition to that, we examine how the capacity of DMF can in some cases be limited by known technical and operational challenges and how consolidated efforts in overcoming these challenges will be key to the development of DMF as a major enabling technology in the computer-aided biology framework.
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9
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Khan NI, Song E. Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Aptamer-Based Biosensing. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020220. [PMID: 32093323 PMCID: PMC7074738 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotides or peptides that are selected from a pool of random sequences that exhibit high affinity toward a specific biomolecular species of interest. Therefore, they are ideal for use as recognition elements and ligands for binding to the target. In recent years, aptamers have gained a great deal of attention in the field of biosensing as the next-generation target receptors that could potentially replace the functions of antibodies. Consequently, it is increasingly becoming popular to integrate aptamers into a variety of sensing platforms to enhance specificity and selectivity in analyte detection. Simultaneously, as the fields of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, and personal medicine become topics of great interest, integration of such aptamer-based sensors with LOC devices are showing promising results as evidenced by the recent growth of literature in this area. The focus of this review article is to highlight the recent progress in aptamer-based biosensor development with emphasis on the integration between aptamers and the various forms of LOC devices including microfluidic chips and paper-based microfluidics. As aptamers are extremely versatile in terms of their utilization in different detection principles, a broad range of techniques are covered including electrochemical, optical, colorimetric, and gravimetric sensing as well as surface acoustics waves and transistor-based detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niazul I. Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Edward Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-603-862-5498
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10
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Microbioreactors for Process Development and Cell-Based Screening Studies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 179:67-100. [PMID: 32712680 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbioreactors (MBRs) have emerged as potent cultivation devices enabling automated small-scale experiments in parallel while enhancing their cost efficiency. The widespread use of MBRs has contributed to recent advances in industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnology, and they have proved to be indispensable tools in the development of many modern bioprocesses. Being predominantly applied in early stage process development, they open up new fields of research and enhance the efficacy of biotechnological product development. Their reduced reaction volume is associated with numerous inherent advantages - particularly the possibility for enabling parallel screening operations that facilitate high-throughput cultivations with reduced sample consumption (or the use of rare and expensive educts). As a result, multiple variables can be examined in a shorter time and with a lower expense. This leads to a simultaneous acceleration of research and process development along with decreased costs.MBRs range from simple miniaturized cultivations vessels (i.e., in the milliliter scale with limited possibilities for process control) to highly complex and automated small-scale microreactors with integrated sensors that allow for comprehensive screenings in very short time or a precise reflection of large-scale cultivation conditions. Progressive developments and improvements in manufacturing and automation techniques are already helping researchers to make use of the advantages that MBRs offer. This overview of current MBR systems surveys the diverse application for microbial and mammalian cell cultivations that have been developed in recent years.
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Zhong Z, Li Z, Chakrabarty K, Ho TY, Lee CY. Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips: Technology, Design Automation, and Test Techniques. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2019; 13:292-313. [PMID: 30571645 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2886952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) are being increasingly used for DNA sequencing, point-of-care clinical diagnostics, and immunoassays. DMFBs based on a micro-electrode-dot-array (MEDA) architecture have recently been proposed, and fundamental droplet manipulations, e.g., droplet mixing and splitting, have also been experimentally demonstrated on MEDA biochips. There can be thousands of microelectrodes on a single MEDA biochip, and the fine-grained control of nanoliter volumes of biochemical samples and reagents is also enabled by this technology. MEDA biochips offer the benefits of real-time sensitivity, lower cost, easy system integration with CMOS modules, and full automation. This review paper first describes recent design tools for high-level synthesis and optimization of map bioassay protocols on a MEDA biochip. It then presents recent advances in scheduling of fluidic operations, placement of fluidic modules, droplet-size-aware routing, adaptive error recovery, sample preparation, and various testing techniques. With the help of these tools, biochip users can concentrate on the development of nanoscale bioassays, leaving details of chip optimization and implementation to software tools.
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Abstract
Sensitive and specific DNA biomarker detection is critical for accurately diagnosing a broad range of clinical conditions. However, the incorporation of such biosensing structures in integrated microfluidic devices is often complicated by the need for an additional labelling step to be implemented on the device. In this review we focused on presenting recent advances in label-free DNA biosensor technology, with a particular focus on microfluidic integrated devices. The key biosensing approaches miniaturized in flow-cell structures were presented, followed by more sophisticated microfluidic devices and higher integration examples in the literature. The option of full DNA sequencing on microfluidic chips via nanopore technology was highlighted, along with current developments in the commercialization of microfluidic, label-free DNA detection devices.
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Zhang M, Huang J, Lu Y, Pang W, Zhang H, Duan X. Solid-State Microfluidics with Integrated Thin-Film Acoustic Sensors. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1584-1591. [PMID: 30039702 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For point-of-care applications, integrating sensors into a microfluidic chip is a nontrivial task because conventional detection modules are bulky and microfluidic chips are small in size and their fabrication processes are not compatible. In this work, a solid-state microfluidic chip with on-chip acoustic sensors using standard thin-film technologies is introduced. The integrated chip is essentially a stack of thin films on silicon substrate, featuring compact size, electrical input (fluid control), and electrical output (sensor read-out). These features all contribute to portability. In addition, by virtue of processing discrete microdroplets, the chip provides a solution to the performance degradation bottleneck of acoustic sensors in liquid-phase sensing. Label-free immunoassays in serum are carried out, and the viability of the chip is further demonstrated by result comparison with commercial ELISA in prostate-specific antigen sensing experiments. The solid-state chip is believed to fit specific applications in personalized diagnostics and other relevant clinical settings where instrument portability matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingze Huang
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Tai YH, Fu PH, Lee KL, Wei PK. Spectral Imaging Analysis for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Detection Using Gold-Capped Nanowire Arrays. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E2181. [PMID: 29986468 PMCID: PMC6068742 DOI: 10.3390/s18072181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A spectral integration combined with a threshold method for the analysis of spectral scanning surface plasmon resonance (SPR) images can significantly increase signal recognition at low concentration of antibody solution. The 12-well SPR sensing plates consisted of gold-capped nanowire arrays with 500-nm period, 80-nm linewidth and 50-nm gold thickness which were used for generating multiple SPR images. A threshold method is introduced to eliminate background noises in spectral scanning images. Combining spectral integration and the threshold method, the detection limit of antibody concentration was 1.23 ng/mL. Using multiple-well SPR sensing plates and the proposed analytical method, multiple kinetic responses with spectral and spatial information on different sensing areas can be sensitively measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Tai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Han Fu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Li Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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15
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Yafia M, Emran BJ, Najjaran H. Digital Microfluidic Systems: Fundamentals, Configurations, Techniques, and Applications. MICROFLUIDICS: FUNDAMENTAL, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS 2018:175-209. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527800643.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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16
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Ansari MH, Hassan S, Qurashi A, Khanday FA. Microfluidic-integrated DNA nanobiosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:247-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Microfluidic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors: From Principles to Point-of-Care Applications. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16081175. [PMID: 27472340 PMCID: PMC5017341 DOI: 10.3390/s16081175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free, highly-sensitive, and real-time sensing technique. Conventional SPR sensors, which involve a planar thin gold film, have been widely exploited in biosensing; various miniaturized formats have been devised for portability purposes. Another type of SPR sensor which utilizes localized SPR (LSPR), is based on metal nanostructures with surface plasmon modes at the structural interface. The resonance condition is sensitive to the refractive index change of the local medium. The principles of these two types of SPR sensors are reviewed and their integration with microfluidic platforms is described. Further applications of microfluidic SPR sensors to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are discussed.
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Samiei E, Tabrizian M, Hoorfar M. A review of digital microfluidics as portable platforms for lab-on a-chip applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2376-96. [PMID: 27272540 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Following the development of microfluidic systems, there has been a high tendency towards developing lab-on-a-chip devices for biochemical applications. A great deal of effort has been devoted to improve and advance these devices with the goal of performing complete sets of biochemical assays on the device and possibly developing portable platforms for point of care applications. Among the different microfluidic systems used for such a purpose, digital microfluidics (DMF) shows high flexibility and capability of performing multiplex and parallel biochemical operations, and hence, has been considered as a suitable candidate for lab-on-a-chip applications. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in the DMF platforms, and evaluate the feasibility of developing multifunctional packages for performing complete sets of processes of biochemical assays, particularly for point-of-care applications. The progress in the development of DMF systems is reviewed from eight different aspects, including device fabrication, basic fluidic operations, automation, manipulation of biological samples, advanced operations, detection, biological applications, and finally, packaging and portability of the DMF devices. Success in developing the lab-on-a-chip DMF devices will be concluded based on the advances achieved in each of these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Samiei
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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19
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Samiei E, Luka GS, Najjaran H, Hoorfar M. Integration of biosensors into digital microfluidics: Impact of hydrophilic surface of biosensors on droplet manipulation. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:480-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Abadian PN, Yildirim N, Gu AZ, Goluch ED. SPRi-based adenovirus detection using a surrogate antibody method. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:808-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Fasoli J, Corn RM. Surface Enzyme Chemistries for Ultrasensitive Microarray Biosensing with SPR Imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9527-9536. [PMID: 25641598 PMCID: PMC4564839 DOI: 10.1021/la504797z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity and selectivity of surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) biosensing with nucleic acid microarrays can be greatly enhanced by exploiting various nucleic acid ligases, nucleases, and polymerases that manipulate the surface-bound DNA and RNA. We describe here various examples from each of these different classes of surface enzyme chemistries that have been incorporated into novel detection strategies that either drastically enhance the sensitivity of or create uniquely selective methods for the SPRI biosensing of proteins and nucleic acids. A dual-element generator-detector microarray approach that couples a bioaffinity adsorption event on one microarray element to nanoparticle-enhanced SPRI measurements of nucleic acid hybridization adsorption on a different microarray element is used to quantitatively detect DNA, RNA, and proteins at femtomolar concentrations. Additionally, this dual-element format can be combined with the transcription and translation of RNA from surface-bound double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) templates for the on-chip multiplexed biosynthesis of aptamer and protein microarrays in a microfluidic format; these microarrays can be immediately used for real-time SPRI bioaffinity sensing measurements.
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22
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Sun J, Xianyu Y, Jiang X. Point-of-care biochemical assays using gold nanoparticle-implemented microfluidics. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 43:6239-53. [PMID: 24882068 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the goals of point-of-care (POC) is a chip-based, miniaturized, portable, self-containing system that allows the assay of proteins, nucleic acids, and cells in complex samples. The integration of nanomaterials and microfluidics can help achieve this goal. This tutorial review outlines the mechanism of assaying biomarkers by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and the implementation of AuNPs for microfluidic POC devices. In line with this, we discuss some recent advances in AuNP-coupled microfluidic sensors with enhanced performance. Portable and automated instruments for device operation and signal readout are also included for practical applications of these AuNP-combined microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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23
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Gao J, Chen T, Dong C, Jia Y, Mak PI, Vai MI, Martins RP. Adhesion promoter for a multi-dielectric-layer on a digital microfluidic chip. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A silane-based adhesion promoter suitable for a multi-dielectric-layer coating on a digital microfluidic chip is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
- China
| | - Tianlan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
- China
| | - Cheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
- China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
- China
| | - Pui-In Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
- China
| | - Mang-I. Vai
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
- China
| | - Rui P. Martins
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and FST-ECE
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
- China
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24
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Kaler KVIS, Prakash R. Droplet microfluidics for chip-based diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:23283-306. [PMID: 25490590 PMCID: PMC4299063 DOI: 10.3390/s141223283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics (DMF) is a fluidic handling technology that enables precision control over dispensing and subsequent manipulation of droplets in the volume range of microliters to picoliters, on a micro-fabricated device. There are several different droplet actuation methods, all of which can generate external stimuli, to either actively or passively control the shape and positioning of fluidic droplets over patterned substrates. In this review article, we focus on the operation and utility of electro-actuation-based DMF devices, which utilize one or more micro-/nano-patterned substrates to facilitate electric field-based handling of chemical and/or biological samples. The underlying theory of DMF actuations, device fabrication methods and integration of optical and opto-electronic detectors is discussed in this review. Example applications of such electro-actuation-based DMF devices have also been included, illustrating the various actuation methods and their utility in conducting chip-based laboratory and clinical diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan V I S Kaler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB-T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB-T2N 1N4, Canada.
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25
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de Ruiter R, Pit AM, de Oliveira VM, Duits MHG, van den Ende D, Mugele F. Electrostatic potential wells for on-demand drop manipulation in microchannels. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:883-91. [PMID: 24394887 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Precise control and manipulation of individual drops are crucial in many lab-on-a-chip applications. We present a novel hybrid concept for channel-based discrete microfluidics with integrated electrowetting functionality by incorporating co-planar electrodes (separated by a narrow gap) in one of the microchannel walls. By combining the high throughput of channel-based microfluidics with the individual drop control achieved using electrical actuation, we acquire the strengths of both worlds. The tunable strength of the electrostatic forces enables a wide range of drop manipulations, such as on-demand trapping and release, guiding, and sorting of drops in the microchannel. In each of these scenarios, the retaining electrostatic force competes with the hydrodynamic drag force. The conditions for trapping can be predicted using a simple model that balances these forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riëlle de Ruiter
- Physics of Complex Fluids and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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26
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Wang HS, Wang C, He YK, Xiao FN, Bao WJ, Xia XH, Zhou GJ. Core-shell Ag@SiO(2) nanoparticles concentrated on a micro/nanofluidic device for surface plasmon resonance-enhanced fluorescent detection of highly reactive oxygen species. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3013-9. [PMID: 24555759 DOI: 10.1021/ac4037075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A micro/nanofluidic device integrating a nanochannel in a microfluidic chip was developed for sensitive fluorescent determination of highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) enhanced by surface plasmon resonance-enhanced fluorescence (SPREF). The nanochannel was simply fabricated by polyaniline nanostructures modified on a glass slide. Core-shell Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles were concentrated in front of the nanochannel for fluorescence enhancement based on the SPREF effect. As a demonstration, hROS in the mainstream of cigarette smoke (CS) were detected by the present micro/nanofluidic device. The fluorescent probe for trapping hROS in puffs of CS employed a microcolumn that was loaded with a composite of DNA (conjugated fluorophores, FAM) and Au membrane (coated on cellulose acetate). With a laser-induced fluorescence detection device, hROS was determined on the basis of the amount of FAM groups generated by DNA cleavage. With the optimization of the trapping efficiency, we detected about 4.91 pmol of hROS/puff in the mainstream CS. This micro/nanofluidic-SPREF system promises a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive approach for determination of hROS in CS and other practical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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27
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Abadian PN, Kelley CP, Goluch ED. Cellular Analysis and Detection Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Techniques. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2799-812. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500135s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah N. Abadian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chase P. Kelley
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Edgar D. Goluch
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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28
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Jebrail MJ, Sinha A, Vellucci S, Renzi RF, Ambriz C, Gondhalekar C, Schoeniger JS, Patel KD, Branda SS. World-to-Digital-Microfluidic Interface Enabling Extraction and Purification of RNA from Human Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3856-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac404085p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mais J. Jebrail
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
| | - Anupama Sinha
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
| | - Samantha Vellucci
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
| | - Ronald F. Renzi
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
| | - Cesar Ambriz
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
| | - Carmen Gondhalekar
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
| | - Joseph S. Schoeniger
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
| | - Kamlesh D. Patel
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
| | - Steven S. Branda
- Departments of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, ‡Systems Biology, and §Advanced Systems Engineering and
Deployment, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States
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29
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Lynn NS, Martínez-López JI, Bocková M, Adam P, Coello V, Siller HR, Homola J. Biosensing enhancement using passive mixing structures for microarray-based sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 54:506-14. [PMID: 24321884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The combination of microarray technologies with microfluidic sample delivery and real-time detection methods has the capability to simultaneously monitor 10-1000 s of biomolecular interactions in a single experiment. Despite the benefits that microfluidic systems provide, they typically operate in the laminar flow regime under mass transfer limitations, where large analyte depletion layers act as a resistance to analyte capture. By locally stirring the fluid and delivering fresh analyte to the capture spot, the use of passive mixing structures in a microarray environment can reduce the negative effects of these depletion layers and enhance the sensor performance. Despite their large potential, little attention has been given to the integration of these mixing structures in microarray sensing environments. In this study, we use passive mixing structures to enhance the mass transfer of analyte to a capture spot within a microfluidic flow cell. Using numerical methods, different structure shapes and heights were evaluated as means to increase local fluid velocities, and in turn, rates of mass transfer to a capture spot. These results were verified experimentally via the real-time detection of 20-mer ssDNA for an array of microspots. Both numerical and experimental results showed that a passive mixing structure situated directly over the capture spot can significantly enhance the binding rate of analyte to the sensing surface. Moreover, we show that these structures can be used to enhance mass transfer in experiments regarding an array of capture spots. The results of this study can be applied to any experimental system using microfluidic sample delivery methods for microarray detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Scott Lynn
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Chaberská 57, 18251 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Bocková
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Chaberská 57, 18251 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Adam
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Chaberská 57, 18251 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Victor Coello
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Sur No. 105, Nueva Carretera Aeropuerto Km 9.5, Apodaca 66629, N.L., México.
| | - Héctor R Siller
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., México.
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Chaberská 57, 18251 Prague, Czech Republic.
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30
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Hawk RM, Chistiakova MV, Armani AM. Monitoring DNA hybridization using optical microcavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:4690-4693. [PMID: 24322107 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of DNA analysis methods is rapidly expanding as interest in characterizing subtle variations increases in biomedicine. A promising approach is based on evanescent field sensors that monitor the hybridization process in real time. However, one challenge is discriminating between nonspecific and specific attachment. Here, we demonstrate a hybridization sensor based on an integrated toroidal optical microcavity. The surface is functionalized with ssDNA using an epoxide method, and the evanescent wave of the microresonator excites a fluorescent label on the complementary ssDNA during hybridization. Based on a temporal analysis, the different binding regimes can be identified.
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31
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Estevez MC, Otte MA, Sepulveda B, Lechuga LM. Trends and challenges of refractometric nanoplasmonic biosensors: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 806:55-73. [PMID: 24331040 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by potential benefits such as sensor miniaturization, multiplexing opportunities and higher sensitivities, refractometric nanoplasmonic biosensing has profiled itself in a short time span as an interesting alternative to conventional Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors. This latter conventional sensing concept has been subjected during the last decades to strong commercialization, thereby strongly leaning on well-developed thin-film surface chemistry protocols. Not surprisingly, the examples found in literature based on this sensing concept are generally characterized by extensive analytical studies of relevant clinical and diagnostic problems. In contrast, the more novel Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) alternative finds itself in a much earlier, and especially, more fundamental stage of development. Driven by new fabrication methodologies to create nanostructured substrates, published work typically focuses on the novelty of the presented material, its optical properties and its use - generally limited to a proof-of-concept - as a label-free biosensing scheme. Given the different stages of development both SPR and LSPR sensors find themselves in, it becomes apparent that providing a comparative analysis of both concepts is not a trivial task. Nevertheless, in this review we make an effort to provide an overview that illustrates the progress booked in both fields during the last five years. First, we discuss the most relevant advances in SPR biosensing, including interesting analytical applications, together with different strategies that assure improvements in performance, throughput and/or integration. Subsequently, the remaining part of this work focuses on the use of nanoplasmonic sensors for real label-free biosensing applications. First, we discuss the motivation that serves as a driving force behind this research topic, together with a brief summary that comprises the main fabrication methodologies used in this field. Next, the sensing performance of LSPR sensors is examined by analyzing different parameters that can be invoked in order to quantitatively assess their overall sensing performance. Two aspects are highlighted that turn out to be especially important when trying to maximize their sensing performance, being (1) the targeted functionalization of the electromagnetic hotspots of the nanostructures, and (2) overcoming inherent negative influence that stem from the presence of a high refractive index substrate that supports the nanostructures. Next, although few in numbers, an overview is given of the most exhaustive and diagnostically relevant LSPR sensing assays that have been recently reported in literature, followed by examples that exploit inherent LSPR characteristics in order to create highly integrated and high-throughput optical biosensors. Finally, we discuss a series of considerations that, in our opinion, should be addressed in order to bring the realization of a stand-alone LSPR biosensor with competitive levels of sensitivity, robustness and integration (when compared to a conventional SPR sensor) much closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Carmen Estevez
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marinus A Otte
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Sepulveda
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Li Y, Su L, Shou C, Yu C, Deng J, Fang Y. Surface-enhanced molecular spectroscopy (SEMS) based on perfect-absorber metamaterials in the mid-infrared. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2865. [PMID: 24091778 PMCID: PMC3790207 DOI: 10.1038/srep02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy has attracted increased attention for direct access to molecular vibrational fingerprints in the mid-infrared. Perfect-absorber metamaterials (PAMs) with multi-band spectral responses and significant enhancement of the local near-field intensity were developed to improve the intrinsic absorption cross sections of absorption spectrum to identify the vibrational spectra of biomolecules. To verify its performance, the proposed infrared PAM array was used to identify the molecular stretches of a Parylene C film. The resonant responses of the infrared PAMs were accurately tuned to the vibrational modes of the C = C target bonds. The vibrational stretches of the C = C moiety were observed and the auto-fluorescence mechanisms of the Parylene C film were monitored. The unique properties of the PAMs indicate that this approach is a promising strategy for surface-enhanced molecular absorption spectroscopy (SEMS) in the mid-infrared region and for the tracking of characteristic molecular vibrational modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, 710072
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33
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Sinha A, Jebrail MJ, Kim H, Patel KD, Branda SS. A versatile automated platform for micro-scale cell stimulation experiments. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 23962881 DOI: 10.3791/50597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of cells in culture (in vitro analysis) has provided important insight into complex biological systems. Conventional methods and equipment for in vitro analysis are well suited to study of large numbers of cells (≥ 10(5)) in milliliter-scale volumes (≥ 0.1 ml). However, there are many instances in which it is necessary or desirable to scale down culture size to reduce consumption of the cells of interest and/or reagents required for their culture, stimulation, or processing. Unfortunately, conventional approaches do not support precise and reproducible manipulation of micro-scale cultures, and the microfluidics-based automated systems currently available are too complex and specialized for routine use by most laboratories. To address this problem, we have developed a simple and versatile technology platform for automated culture, stimulation, and recovery of small populations of cells (100-2,000 cells) in micro-scale volumes (1-20 μl). The platform consists of a set of fibronectin-coated microcapillaries ("cell perfusion chambers"), within which micro-scale cultures are established, maintained, and stimulated; a digital microfluidics (DMF) device outfitted with "transfer" microcapillaries ("central hub"), which routes cells and reagents to and from the perfusion chambers; a high-precision syringe pump, which powers transport of materials between the perfusion chambers and the central hub; and an electronic interface that provides control over transport of materials, which is coordinated and automated via pre-determined scripts. As an example, we used the platform to facilitate study of transcriptional responses elicited in immune cells upon challenge with bacteria. Use of the platform enabled us to reduce consumption of cells and reagents, minimize experiment-to-experiment variability, and re-direct hands-on labor. Given the advantages that it confers, as well as its accessibility and versatility, our platform should find use in a wide variety of laboratories and applications, and prove especially useful in facilitating analysis of cells and stimuli that are available in only limited quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Sinha
- Department of Systems Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, USA
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34
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Shabani A, Tabrizian M. Design of a universal biointerface for sensitive, selective, and multiplex detection of biomarkers using surface plasmon resonance imaging. Analyst 2013; 138:6052-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Couture M, Zhao SS, Masson JF. Modern surface plasmon resonance for bioanalytics and biophysics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11190-216. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50281c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) is a powerful tool for simple, fast and cheap nucleic acid detection. Great efforts have been made during the last decade with the aim of developing even more sensitive and specific SPRI-based methods to be used for the direct detection of DNA and RNA. Here, after a description of the fundamentals of SPRI, the state of the art of recent platform and assay developments is presented, with special attention given to advances in SPRI signal enhancement procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta D'Agata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
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37
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Kim J. Joining plasmonics with microfluidics: from convenience to inevitability. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3611-3623. [PMID: 22858903 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Along the advances in optofluidics, functionalities based on the surface plasmon-polariton have also been finding an increasing level of involvement within micro/nano-fluidic systems, gradually forming a new field of plasmo-fluidics. This survey of the burgeoning field reveals that judicious selection and combination of plasmonic and micro/nano-fluidic features render the plasmo-fluidic integration useful and mutually beneficial to the point of inevitability. We establish categories for the level of integration and utilize them as a framework for surveying existing work and extracting future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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38
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Tung YC, Huang NT, Oh BR, Patra B, Pan CC, Qiu T, Paul KC, Zhang W, Kurabayashi K. Optofluidic detection for cellular phenotyping. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3552-65. [PMID: 22854915 PMCID: PMC3815588 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the output of processes and molecular interactions within a single cell is highly critical to the advancement of accurate disease screening and personalized medicine. Optical detection is one of the most broadly adapted measurement methods in biological and clinical assays and serves cellular phenotyping. Recently, microfluidics has obtained increasing attention due to several advantages, such as small sample and reagent volumes, very high throughput, and accurate flow control in the spatial and temporal domains. Optofluidics, which is the attempt to integrate optics with microfluidics, shows great promise to enable on-chip phenotypic measurements with high precision, sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity. This paper reviews the most recent developments of optofluidic technologies for cellular phenotyping optical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 123 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tsu Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo-Ram Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bishnubrata Patra
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Pan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 123 Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Teng Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjin 211189, China
| | - K. Chu Paul
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA
- Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsensing and Systems (WIMS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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39
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Ng AHC, Choi K, Luoma RP, Robinson JM, Wheeler AR. Digital Microfluidic Magnetic Separation for Particle-Based Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8805-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alphonsus H. C. Ng
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Robert P. Luoma
- Abbott Diagnostics, 1921 Hurd Drive, Irving,
Texas 75038, United States
| | - John M. Robinson
- Abbott Diagnostics, 100 Abbott Park Road,
Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Institute of Biomaterials and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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40
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Tellechea E, Cornago I, Ciaurriz P, Moran JF, Asensio AC. Conjugation of active iron superoxide dismutase to nanopatterned surfaces. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2012; 11:176-80. [PMID: 22665394 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2012.2194742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase enzymes (SODs) are an essential part of the first line of cellular defense system against free radicals species. They catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Although several studies have examined the attachment of superoxide dismutases to nanoparticles and nanostructures, never has been used a member of the Fe/MnSOD family. In this study, the behavior of plant origin FeSOD enzyme on three different nanopatterned surfaces was investigated as a function of covalent and electrostatic binding. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate that the protein is attached only to the gold layer. We also examined the activity of SOD by a colorimetric assay, and we have shown that the enzyme remains active after attachment to the three different surfaces under both kind of binding (electrostatic and covalent). This methodology could be useful for those who want to functionalize nanostructures with a SOD enzyme and test the activity. This process could be of great interest for the development of peroxynitrite and superoxide biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Tellechea
- FideNa (Foundation for r+d in nanotechnology), Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, C/Tajonar s/n, E-31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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41
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Jebrail MJ, Bartsch MS, Patel KD. Digital microfluidics: a versatile tool for applications in chemistry, biology and medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2452-63. [PMID: 22699371 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) has recently emerged as a popular technology for a wide range of applications. In DMF, nanoliter to microliter droplets containing samples and reagents can be manipulated to carry out a range of discrete fluidic operations simply by applying a series of electrical potentials to an array of patterned electrodes coated with a hydrophobic insulator. DMF is distinct from microchannel-based fluidics as it allows for precise control over multiple reagent phases (liquids and solids) in heterogeneous systems with no need for complex networks of connections, microvalves, or pumps. In this review, we discuss the most recent developments in this technology with particular attention to the potential benefits and outstanding challenges for applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais J Jebrail
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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42
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Prakash S, Pinti M, Bhushan B. Theory, fabrication and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic biosensors. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:2269-2303. [PMID: 22509059 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are a broad array of devices that detect the type and amount of a biological species or biomolecule. Several different types of biosensors have been developed that rely on changes to mechanical, chemical or electrical properties of the transduction or sensing element to induce a measurable signal. Often, a biosensor will integrate several functions or unit operations such as sample extraction, manipulation and detection on a single platform. This review begins with an overview of the current state-of-the-art biosensor field. Next, the review delves into a special class of biosensors that rely on microfluidics and nanofluidics by presenting the underlying theory, fabrication and several examples and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaurya Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
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43
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Sadeghi S, Ding H, Shah GJ, Chen S, Keng PY, Kim CJ“CJ, van Dam RM. On Chip Droplet Characterization: A Practical, High-Sensitivity Measurement of Droplet Impedance in Digital Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1915-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sadeghi
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, ‡Crump Institute
for Molecular Imaging, §Biomedical Engineering Department, ⊥Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Huijiang Ding
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, ‡Crump Institute
for Molecular Imaging, §Biomedical Engineering Department, ⊥Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Gaurav J. Shah
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, ‡Crump Institute
for Molecular Imaging, §Biomedical Engineering Department, ⊥Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Supin Chen
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, ‡Crump Institute
for Molecular Imaging, §Biomedical Engineering Department, ⊥Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Pei Yuin Keng
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, ‡Crump Institute
for Molecular Imaging, §Biomedical Engineering Department, ⊥Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Chang-Jin “CJ” Kim
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, ‡Crump Institute
for Molecular Imaging, §Biomedical Engineering Department, ⊥Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - R. Michael van Dam
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, ‡Crump Institute
for Molecular Imaging, §Biomedical Engineering Department, ⊥Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Choi K, Ng AHC, Fobel R, Wheeler AR. Digital microfluidics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2012; 5:413-40. [PMID: 22524226 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is an emerging liquid-handling technology that enables individual control over droplets on an open array of electrodes. These picoliter- to microliter-sized droplets, each serving as an isolated vessel for chemical processes, can be made to move, merge, split, and dispense from reservoirs. Because of its unique advantages, including simple instrumentation, flexible device geometry, and easy coupling with other technologies, DMF is being applied to a wide range of fields. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of DMF technology from the perspective of analytical chemistry in sections describing the theory of droplet actuation, device fabrication and integration, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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45
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Nonlinear Dual-Phase Multiplexing in Digital Microfluidic Architectures. MICROMACHINES 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/mi2040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Malic L, Sandros MG, Tabrizian M. Designed biointerface using near-infrared quantum dots for ultrasensitive surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensors. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5222-9. [PMID: 21604742 DOI: 10.1021/ac200465m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance imaging chip biointerface is fully designed using near-infrared (NIR) quantum dots (QDs) for the enhancement of surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) signals in order to extend their application for medical diagnostics. The measured SPRi detection signal following the QD binding to the surface was amplified 25-fold for a 1 nM concentration of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and 50-fold for a 1 μg/mL concentration of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a cancer biomarker, thus substantiating their wide potential to study interactions of a diverse set of small biomolecules. This significant enhancement is attributed to the QD's mass-loading effect and spontaneous emission coupling with propagating surface plasmons, which allowed the SPRi limit of detection to be reduced to 100 fM and 100 pg/mL for ssDNA and PSA, respectively. Furthermore, this study illustrates the potential of SPRi to be easily integrated with fluorescent imaging for advanced correlative surface-interaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Malic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
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Tawa K, Cui X, Kintaka K, Nishii J, Morigaki K. Sensitive bioimaging in microfluidic channels on the plasmonic substrate: Application of an enhanced fluorescence based on the reverse coupling mode. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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