1
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Zhang X, Gao Z, Xia Y, Dong Q, Cao Y, Jia Q, Sun F, Li Z, Tang C, Yu J. Insight into the spatial interaction of D-π-A bridge derived cyanines and nitroreductase for fluorescent cancer hypoxia detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 273:121031. [PMID: 35189489 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) detection in tumor is critical because NTR level is correlated with hypoxia degree and cancer prognosis. With the feature of high sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescence organic probes for NTR detection exhibited a promising future for tumor hypoxia detection. However, the discovery and design of such probes have been impeded due to the lack of the understanding of spatial match and mismatch of these probes with NTR. Here, we have developed two new nitrophenyl-functionalized trimethincyanine (Cy3) probes with para- or meta- positions of nitro-group in phenyl ring. Para-nitrophenyl substituted Cy3 (pNP-Cy3) exhibited a remarkable response to NTR (20-fold fluorescence enhancement) with good selectivity and sensitivity. Experimental and theoretical analysis verified that the substituent position of nitro group on phenyl ring of dyes altered the spatial arrangement of nitro-substituent group, thereby modulated the spatial match and mismatch between Cy3 dyes and binding domain of NTR, and consequently led to a different fluorescent turn-on response. In tumor-bearing mice model, hypoxia status of A549 xenografted tumor of mice was successfully delineated by using pNP-Cy3. These results may provide a clue for designing new cyanine-derived NTR probe to monitor NTR-overexpressed hypoxia cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Zhiqing Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Yuqiong Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Qunyan Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Yutian Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Qian Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Chu Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular-Imaging and Neuro-Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China.
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2
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A General Approach to Design Dual Ratiometric Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Probes for Quantitatively Visualizing Tumor Hypoxia Levels In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Liu T, Wang Y, Feng L, Tian X, Cui J, Yu Z, Wang C, Zhang B, James TD, Ma X. 2D Strategy for the Construction of an Enzyme-Activated NIR Fluorophore Suitable for the Visual Sensing and Profiling of Homologous Nitroreductases from Various Bacterial Species. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3348-3356. [PMID: 34469146 PMCID: PMC8477384 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitroreductases (NTRs) mediate the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding nitrite, hydroxylamine, or amino derivatives. The activity of NTRs in bacteria facilitates the metabolic activation and antibacterial activity of 5-nitroimidazoles. Therefore, NTR activity correlates with the drug susceptibility and resistance of pathogenic bacteria. As such, it is important to develop a rapid and visual assay for the real-time sensing of bacterial NTRs for the evaluation and development of antibiotics. Herein, an activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe (HC-NO2) derived from a hemicyanine fluorophore was designed and developed based on two evaluation factors, including the calculated partition coefficient (Clog P) and fluorescence wavelength. Using HC-NO2 as the special substrate of NTRs, NTR activity can be assayed efficiently, and then, bacteria can be imaged based on the detection of NTRs. More importantly, a sensitive in-gel assay using HC-NO2 has been developed to selectively identify NTRs and sensitively determine NTR activity. Using the in-gel assay, NTRs from various bacterial species have been profiled visually from the "fluorescence fingerprints", which facilitates the rapid identification of NTRs from bacterial lysates. Thus, various homologous NTRs were identified from three metronidazole-susceptible bacterial species as well as seven unsusceptible species, which were confirmed by the whole-genome sequence. As such, the evaluation of NTRs from different bacterial species should help improve the rational usage of 5-nitroimidazole drugs as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Dalian
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional
Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Dalian
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional
Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Dalian
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional
Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Dalian
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional
Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingnan Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- Dalian
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional
Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional
Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- Dalian
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional
Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan
Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Dalian
Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional
Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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4
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Zhang S, Chen H, Wang L, Qin X, Jiang BP, Ji SC, Shen XC, Liang H. A General Approach to Design Dual Ratiometric Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Probes for Quantitatively Visualizing Tumor Hypoxia Levels In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202107076. [PMID: 34227715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an energy balance strategy between fluorescence and photoacoustic effects by sulfur substitution to transform existing hemicyanine dyes (Cy) into optimized NIRF/PA dual ratiometric scaffolds. Based on this optimized scaffold, we reported the first dual-ratio response of nitroreductase probe AS-Cy-NO2 , which allows quantitative visualization of tumor hypoxia in vivo. AS-Cy-NO2 , composed of a new NIRF/PA scaffold thioxanthene-hemicyanine (AS-Cy-1) and a 4-nitrobenzene moiety, showed a 10-fold ratiometric NIRF enhancement (I773 /I733 ) and 2.4-fold ratiometric PA enhancement (PA730 /PA670 ) upon activation by a biomarker (nitroreductase, NTR) associated with tumor hypoxia. Moreover, the dual ratiometric NIRF/PA imaging accurately quantified the hypoxia extent with high sensitivity and high imaging depth in xenograft breast cancer models. More importantly, the 3D maximal intensity projection (MIP) PA images of the probe can precisely differentiate the highly heterogeneous oxygen distribution in solid tumor. Thus, this study provides a promising NIRF/PA scaffold that may be generalized for the dual ratiometric imaging of other disease-relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xue Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Chen Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
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5
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
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6
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Boddu RS, Perumal O, K D. Microbial nitroreductases: A versatile tool for biomedical and environmental applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1518-1530. [PMID: 33156534 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitroreductases, enzymes found mostly in bacteria and also in few eukaryotes, use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor for their activity and metabolize an enormous list of a diverse nitro group-containing compounds. Nitroreductases that are capable of metabolizing nitroaromatic and nitro heterocyclic compounds have drawn great attention in recent years owing to their biotechnological, biomedical, environmental, and human impact. These enzymes attracted medicinal chemists and pharmacologists because of their prodrug selectivity for activation/reduction of nitro compounds that wipe out pathogens/cancer cells, leaving the host/normal cells unharmed. It is applied in diverse fields of study like prodrug activation in treating cancer and leishmaniasis, designing fluorescent probes for hypoxia detection, cell imaging, ablation of specific cell types, biodegradation of nitro-pollutants, and interpretation of mutagenicity of nitro compounds. Keeping in view the immense prospects of these enzymes and a large number of research contributions in this area, the present review encompasses the enzymatic reaction mechanism, their role in antibiotic resistance, hypoxia sensing, cell imaging, cancer therapy, reduction of recalcitrant nitro chemicals, enzyme variants, and their specificity to substrates, reaction products, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sree Boddu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - Onkara Perumal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - Divakar K
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, India
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7
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Chen MC, Chen DG, Chou PT. Fluorescent Chromophores Containing the Nitro Group: Relatively Unexplored Emissive Properties. Chempluschem 2020; 86:11-27. [PMID: 33094565 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apart from numerous applications, for example in azo dye precursors, explosives, and industrial processes, the nitro group (-NO2 ) appears on countless molecules in photochemical research owing to its unique characteristics such as a strong electron-withdrawing ability and facile conversion to the reduced substituent. Although it is well known as a fluorescence quencher, fluorescent chromophores that contain the nitro group have also emerged, with 3-nitrophenothiazine being recently reported to have 100 % emission quantum yield in nonpolar solvents. The diverse characters of nitro-containing chromophores motivated us to systematically review those chromophores with nitro substituents, their associated photophysical properties, and applications. In this Review, we succinctly elaborate the advance of the fluorescent nitro chromophores in fields of intramolecular charge transfer, fluorescent probes and nonlinear properties. Special attention is paid to the rationalization of the associated emission spectroscopy, so that the readers can gain insights into the structure-photophysics relationship and hence gain insights for the strategic design of nitro chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Recent progress in the design principles, sensing mechanisms, and applications of small-molecule probes for nitroreductases. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Potapov AY, Vandyshev DY, Refki Y, Ledenyova IV, Ovchinnikov OV, Smirnov MS, Shikhaliev KS. Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of 3-Acyl-6,8,8,9-tetramethyl-2H-pyrano[3,2-g]hydroquinolin-2-ones. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220070075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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A mitochondria-targeting nitroreductase fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift and long-wavelength emission for imaging hypoxic status in tumor cells. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1103:202-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Zhang Z, Lv T, Tao B, Wen Z, Xu Y, Li H, Liu F, Sun S. A novel fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for imaging nitroreductase (NTR) in bacteria and cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Liang H, Bi Q, Hu A, Chen X, Jin R, Song X, Ke B, Barz M, Nie Y. A nitroreductase and glutathione responsive nanoplatform for integration of gene delivery and near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6949-6952. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc10071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel platform rationally integrating indocyanine green analogues and an arginine-rich dendritic peptide with both nitroreductase (NTR) and glutathione (GSH) reduction responsive linkers was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qunjie Bi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Ao Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices
| | - Bowen Ke
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Matthias Barz
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- Organic Chemistry
- MainZ
- Germany
| | - Yu Nie
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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13
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Yang Q, Wen Y, Zhong A, Xu J, Shao S. An HBT-based fluorescent probe for nitroreductase determination and its application in Escherichia coli cell imaging. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03286g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
HBTPN exhibited excellent performance such as rapid response time, large Stokes shift, good selectivity and sensitivity, and long-wavelength emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yujie Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Zhong
- Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou College
- Taizhou 318000
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shijun Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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14
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Cao Z, Li W, Liu R, Li X, Li H, Liu L, Chen Y, Lv C, Liu Y. pH- and enzyme-triggered drug release as an important process in the design of anti-tumor drug delivery systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109340. [PMID: 31545284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to design a reasonable drug delivery system(DDS) for targeted release to overcome the potential toxicity and poor selectivity of anti-tumor drug. How a drug is released from a DDS is a critical issue that determines whether the DDS is designed successfully. We all know that the microenvironment of tumors is quite different from normal tissues, such as its acidic environment, different expression levels of some enzymes, etc. These features are widely used in the design of DDSs and play an important role in the drug release process in vivo. Numerous DDSs have been designed and synthesized. This article attention to how drugs are released from DDSs. We summarizes and classify the characteristic enzymes and chemical bonds used in the drug release process by browsing a large number of papers, and describes how they are applied in DDSs with specific examples. By understanding these acid-sensitive chemical bonds and over-expressed enzymes in tumors, different DDSs can be designed for different drug structures to solve specific problems of anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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15
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Zhang L, Guo L, Shan X, Lin X, Gu T, Zhang J, Ge J, Li W, Ge H, Jiang Q, Ning X. An elegant nitroreductase responsive fluorescent probe for selective detection of pathogenic Listeria in vitro and in vivo. Talanta 2019; 198:472-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Zhang L, Shan X, Guo L, Zhang J, Ge J, Jiang Q, Ning X. A sensitive and fast responsive fluorescent probe for imaging hypoxic tumors. Analyst 2019; 144:284-289. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A BBP possesses a unique fluorescence off–on feature, and can selectively monitor the early tumor formation and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Xue Shan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of National Medicines
- Centre of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jikang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Junliang Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease
- Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- 210093 Nanjing
- China
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17
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Gruber TD, Krishnamurthy C, Grimm JB, Tadross MR, Wysocki LM, Gartner ZJ, Lavis LD. Cell-Specific Chemical Delivery Using a Selective Nitroreductase-Nitroaryl Pair. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2888-2896. [PMID: 30111097 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The utility of small molecules to probe or perturb biological systems is limited by the lack of cell-specificity. "Masking" the activity of small molecules using a general chemical modification and "unmasking" it only within target cells overcomes this limitation. To this end, we have developed a selective enzyme-substrate pair consisting of engineered variants of E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) and a 2-nitro- N-methylimidazolyl (NM) masking group. To discover and optimize this NTR-NM system, we synthesized a series of fluorogenic substrates containing different nitroaromatic masking groups, confirmed their stability in cells, and identified the best substrate for NTR. We then engineered the enzyme for improved activity in mammalian cells, ultimately yielding an enzyme variant (enhanced NTR, or eNTR) that possesses up to 100-fold increased activity over wild-type NTR. These improved NTR enzymes combined with the optimal NM masking group enable rapid, selective unmasking of dyes, indicators, and drugs to genetically defined populations of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Gruber
- Janelia Research Campus , Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn , Virginia 20147 , United States
| | - Chithra Krishnamurthy
- Janelia Research Campus , Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn , Virginia 20147 , United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus , Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn , Virginia 20147 , United States
| | - Michael R Tadross
- Janelia Research Campus , Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn , Virginia 20147 , United States
| | - Laura M Wysocki
- Janelia Research Campus , Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn , Virginia 20147 , United States
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus , Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn , Virginia 20147 , United States
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18
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Giovannini G, Hall AJ, Gubala V. Coumarin-based, switchable fluorescent substrates for enzymatic bacterial detection. Talanta 2018; 188:448-453. [PMID: 30029400 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically-switchable fluorescent substrates, such as the commercially available 4-methyl umbelliferones (4-MU) are used as standard indicators of enzymatic activity for the detection of various microorganisms and pathogens. However, a major disadvantage of 4-MU is its relatively high pKa leading to only partial dissociation of the fluorescent anion under the conditions where the enzymes are most effective (pH 6-6.5). Here we present a method for new, enzymatically-switchable, fluorescent substrates with improved photo-physico/chemical properties. The lead derivative, 4-AAU, shows excellent solubility in aqueous media (0.81 mg/mL) when compared to 4-MU (0.16 mg/mL), significantly improved quantum yield and wider dynamic range of its fluorescence properties. The corresponding bacterial substrate β-4-AAUG showed superior selectivity in the detection of clinically relevant amounts of E. coli, Enterococcus and K. pneumonia (1 CFU). The fluorescence intensity of β-4-AAUG was almost 5 times higher than that of the standard, the detection was possible in reasonably short time (∼ 2.5 h) and with excellent sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giovannini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.
| | - Andrew J Hall
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Ave, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
| | - Vladimir Gubala
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Ave, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
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19
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20
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of tumor cells. Nitroreductase (NTR), a common biomarker of hypoxia, has been widely used to evaluate the extent of tumor hypoxia. In this study, three fluorescent probes (FBN-1-3) were synthesized to monitor the extent of hypoxia in cancer cells in real time. FBN-1-3 were composed of a fluorescein analogue and one of three different aromatic nitro groups. Of these probes, FBN-1 showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity in detecting hypoxia via a reduction in O2 concentration. Confocal fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry demonstrated that HepG-2, A549, and SKOV-3 cells incubated with FBN-1 under reduced oxygen conditions showed significantly enhanced fluorescence. A mouse HepG-2 tumor model confirmed that FBN-1 responds rapidly to NTR and can be used to evaluate the degree of tumor hypoxia. The changes in intra- and extracellular NTR in tumor cells were also concurrently monitored, which did not reveal a link between NTR concentration and degree of hypoxia. Our work provides a functional probe for tumor hypoxia, and our results suggest the fluorescent response of our probe is due to a decrease in O2 concentration, and not NTR concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rongfeng Zou
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junchen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Markita P. Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (qb3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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21
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Hao DC, Xiao PG. Rhizosphere Microbiota and Microbiome of Medicinal Plants: From Molecular Biology to Omics Approaches. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(17)60097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Zhang X, Zhao Q, Li Y, Duan X, Tang Y. Multifunctional Probe Based on Cationic Conjugated Polymers for Nitroreductase-Related Analysis: Sensing, Hypoxia Diagnosis, and Imaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5503-5510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yanru Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
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23
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Huang B, Chen W, Kuang YQ, Liu W, Liu XJ, Tang LJ, Jiang JH. A novel off–on fluorescent probe for sensitive imaging of mitochondria-specific nitroreductase activity in living tumor cells. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4383-4389. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel fluorescent probe of a benzoindocyanine probe (BICP), which is able to target mitochondria and realize sensitive and selective detection of NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Yong-Qing Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Xian-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Li-Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
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24
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Kumar R, Kim EJ, Han J, Lee H, Shin WS, Kim HM, Bhuniya S, Kim JS, Hong KS. Hypoxia-directed and activated theranostic agent: Imaging and treatment of solid tumor. Biomaterials 2016; 104:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Liu ZR, Tang Y, Xu A, Lin W. A new fluorescent probe with a large turn-on signal for imaging nitroreductase in tumor cells and tissues by two-photon microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:853-858. [PMID: 27816580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the important characteristic of solid tumors, and it may cause the bioactivity of nitroreductase (NTR) to display an elevated level. Hence, the development of effective monitoring methods of NTR in living systems is of great importance for detecting the occurrence and progress of tumors. Toward this goal, a novel two-photon fluorescence turn-on NTR probe GCTPOC-HY, based on the two-photon platform GCTPOC and the NTR recognition site p-nitrobenzyl ether, is designed and synthesized. The probe GCTPOC-HY exhibits eminent properties such as high sensitivity and selectivity, highly stable photo-stability, and low cytotoxicity. Besides, the probe responds to 1.5μg/mL NTR with a 130-fold fluorescence enhancement, which is larger than the reported two-photon fluorescent NTR probes. Moreover, the probe GCTPOC-HY is suitable for fluorescence imaging of NTR in living cells by one- and two-photon modes. Importantly, the probe GCTPOC-HY is successfully applied to monitor NTR in the tumor tissues with a significant fluorescence signal and a penetration depth of 70µm by using two-photon microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Rong Liu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022 PR China
| | - Yonghe Tang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022 PR China
| | - An Xu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022 PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022 PR China.
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26
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Bae J, McNamara LE, Nael MA, Mahdi F, Doerksen RJ, Bidwell GL, Hammer NI, Jo S. Nitroreductase-triggered activation of a novel caged fluorescent probe obtained from methylene blue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:12787-90. [PMID: 26165999 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared fluorescent probe based on methylene blue (p-NBMB) was developed for the detection of nitroreductase. Conjugating methylene blue with a p-nitrobenzyl moiety enables it to be activated by nitroreductase-catalyzed 1,6-elimination, resulting in the release of an active methylene blue fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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27
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Zhou J, Shi W, Li LH, Gong QY, Wu XF, Li XH, Ma HM. A Lysosome-Targeting Fluorescence Off-On Probe for Imaging of Nitroreductase and Hypoxia in Live Cells. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2719-2724. [PMID: 26852740 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A lysosome-targeting fluorescent off-on probe has been developed by one-step synthesis for detecting lysosomal nitroreductase and hypoxia. The probe is constructed by incorporating morpholine (a lysosome-targeting unit) into 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalimide (as a fluorochrome and specific substrate for nitroreductase), and the detection mechanism is based on the nitroreductase-catalyzed reduction of the probe to 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide, accompanied by a large fluorescence enhancement at a wavelength of 543 nm. The probe shows an accurate lysosome-targeting ability with high selectivity and sensitivity to nitroreductase (detection limit: 2.2 ng mL-1 ). Notably, the probe has been used to image the change of lysosomal nitroreductase in live cells during hypoxia, revealing that the increase of nitroreductase in lysosomes may be smaller than that in the cytoplasm. In addition, the probe is expected to be useful for studying the function of nitroreductase in the acidic organelle of lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Hong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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28
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Wong RHF, Kwong T, Yau KH, Au-Yeung HY. Real time detection of live microbes using a highly sensitive bioluminescent nitroreductase probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4440-2. [PMID: 25680085 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective nitroreductase probe, showing a rapid and strong bioluminescence enhancement (>100-fold in 5 minutes), and its initial application in the real time detection of both Gram positive and Gram negative live bacteria and monitoring of their growth has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger H F Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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29
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Zhang J, Liu HW, Hu XX, Li J, Liang LH, Zhang XB, Tan W. Efficient Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Nitroreductase Detection and Hypoxia Imaging in Tumor Cells and Tissues. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11832-9. [PMID: 26514276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in tumor progression, and the development of efficient methods for monitoring hypoxic degree in living systems is of great biomedical importance. In the solid tumors, the nitroreductase level is directly corresponded with the hypoxic status. Many one-photon excited fluorescent probes have been developed for hypoxia imaging in tumor cells via the detection of nitroreductase level. However, two-photon excited probes are more suitable for bioimaging. In this work, a two-photon probe 1 for nitroreductase detection and hypoxic status monitoring in living tumor cells and tissues was reported for the first time. The detection is based on the fact that the nitro-group of probe 1 could be selectively reduced to an amino-group by nitroreductase in the presence of reduced NADH, following by a 1,6-rearrangement-elimination to release the fluorophore, resulting in the enhancement of fluorescence. The probe exhibited both one-photon and two-photon excited remarkable fluorescence enhancement (∼70-fold) for nitroreductase, which afforded a high sensitivity for nitroreductase, with a detection limit of 20 ng/mL observed. Moreover, the applications of the probe for fluorescent bioimaging of hypoxia in living cells and two-photon bioimaging in tissues were carried out, with tissue-imaging depths of 70-160 μm observed, which demonstrates its practical application in complex biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li-Hui Liang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital , Changsha, 410002, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, China
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30
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Xu J, Sun S, Li Q, Yue Y, Li Y, Shao S. A rapid response "Turn-On" fluorescent probe for nitroreductase detection and its application in hypoxic tumor cell imaging. Analyst 2015; 140:574-81. [PMID: 25422882 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01934b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel "Turn-On" fluorescent probe, quaternarized 4-pyridinyl-substituted BODIPY dye by incorporating a 5-nitrofuran moiety, was developed and applied for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells by the indirect detection of nitroreductase. The design was based on a nitroreductase-catalyzed reduction of the nitrofuran moiety in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as an electron donor and followed by the 1,6-rearrangement-elimination and the release of free 4-pyridinyl-substituted BODIPY dye . This probe displayed desired properties such as high specificity, "Turn-On" fluorescence response with suitable sensitivity, appreciable water solubility and rapid response time (within 5 min). Moreover, as a biocompatible molecule, the probe has been successfully applied for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells (e.g. A549 cells) and especially used for real-time determination of nitroreductase produced by Escherichia coli. Therefore, we hope to apply this novel method in the biomedical research fields for the imaging of disease-relevant hypoxia and detection of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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31
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Sednev MV, Belov VN, Hell SW. Fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts for super-resolution optical microscopy of biological objects: a review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:042004. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/042004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Chevalier A, Piao W, Hanaoka K, Nagano T, Renard PY, Romieu A. Azobenzene-caged sulforhodamine dyes: a novel class of 'turn-on' reactive probes for hypoxic tumor cell imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:044004. [PMID: 29148517 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/044004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New sulforhodamine-based fluorescent 'turn-on' probes have been developed for the direct imaging of cellular hypoxia. Rapid access to this novel class of water-soluble 'azobenzene-caged' fluorophores was made possible through an easily-implementable azo-coupling reaction between a fluorescent primary arylamine derived from a sulforhodamine 101 scaffold (named SR101-NaphtNH 2 ) and a tertiary aniline whose N-substituents are neutral, cationic, or zwitterionic. The detection mechanism is based on the bioreductive cleavage of the azo bond that restores strong far-red fluorescence (emission maximum at 625 nm) by regenerating the original sulforhodamine SR101-NaphtNH 2 . This valuable fluorogenic response was obtained for the three 'smart' probes studied in this work, as shown by an in vitro assay using rat liver microsomes placed under aerobic and then under hypoxic conditions. Most importantly, the probe namely SR101-NaphtNH 2 -Hyp-diMe was successfully applied for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells (A549 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chevalier
- Normandie Université, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ. Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF, 1, Rue Tesnières, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
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33
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Roubinet B, Massif C, Moreau M, Boschetti F, Ulrich G, Ziessel R, Renard PY, Romieu A. New 3-(Heteroaryl)-2-iminocoumarin-based Borate Complexes: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Rational Functionalization for Biosensing/Biolabeling Applications. Chemistry 2015; 21:14589-601. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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34
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Li Y, Sun Y, Li J, Su Q, Yuan W, Dai Y, Han C, Wang Q, Feng W, Li F. Ultrasensitive near-infrared fluorescence-enhanced probe for in vivo nitroreductase imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6407-16. [PMID: 25923361 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) can be overexpressed in hypoxic tumors, thus the selective and efficient detection of NTR is of great importance. To date, although a few optical methods have been reported for the detection of NTR in solution, an effective optical probe for NTR monitoring in vivo is still lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent detection probe for NTR. In this study, five NIR cyanine dyes with fluorescence reporting structure decorated with different nitro aromatic groups, Cy7-1-5, have been designed and explored for possible rapid detection of NTR. Our experimental results presented that only a para-nitro benzoate group modified cyanine probe (Cy7-1) could serve as a rapid NIR fluorescence-enhanced probe for monitoring and bioimaging of NTR. The structure-function relationship has been revealed by theoretical study. The linker connecting the detecting and fluorescence reporting groups and the nitro group position is a key factor for the formation of hydrogen bonds and spatial structure match, inducing the NTR catalytic ability enhancement. The in vitro response and mechanism of the enzyme-catalyzed reduction of Cy7-1 have been investigated through kinetic optical studies and other methods. The results have indicated that an electro-withdrawing group induced electron-transfer process becomes blocked when Cy7-1 is catalytically reduced to Cy7-NH2 by NTR, which is manifested in enhanced fluorescence intensity during the detection process. Confocal fluorescence imaging of hypoxic A549 cells has confirmed the NTR detection ability of Cy7-1 at the cellular level. Importantly, Cy7-1 can detect tumor hypoxia in a murine hypoxic tumor model, showing a rapid and significant enhancement of its NIR fluorescence characteristics suitable for fluorescence bioimaging. This method may potentially be used for tumor hypoxia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiachang Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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35
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Gu JA, Mani V, Huang ST. Design and synthesis of ultrasensitive off–on fluoride detecting fluorescence probe via autoinductive signal amplification. Analyst 2015; 140:346-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01723d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of an ultrasensitive fluorescence probeviaautoinductive signal amplification for picomolar detection of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-An Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Veerappan Mani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei
- Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biochemical Engineering
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36
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Electrochemical OFF–ON ratiometric chemodosimeters for the selective and rapid detection of fluoride. Talanta 2015; 131:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Roubinet B, Chevalier A, Renard PY, Romieu A. A Synthetic Route to 3-(Heteroaryl)-7-hydroxycoumarins Designed for Biosensing Applications. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Li Z, He X, Wang Z, Yang R, Shi W, Ma H. In vivo imaging and detection of nitroreductase in zebrafish by a new near-infrared fluorescence off-on probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:112-116. [PMID: 25064818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new near-infrared fluorescence off-on probe is developed and applied to fluorescence imaging of nitroreductase in zebrafish in vivo. The probe is readily prepared by connecting 4-nitrobenzene as a quenching and recognizing moiety to a stable hemicyanine skeleton that can be formed via the decomposition of IR 780. The fluorescence off-on response of the probe to nitroreductase is based on the enzyme-catalyzed reduction of the 4-nitrobenzene moiety, followed by the 1,6-rearrangement-elimination and the fluorophore release. Compared with the existing nitroreductase probes, the proposed probe exhibits superior analytical performance such as near-infrared fluorescence emission over 700 nm as well as high selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 14 ng/mL. More importantly, the probe has been successfully applied to visualize the distribution of nitroreductase in living zebrafish in vivo, revealing that nitroreductase might mainly exist in zebrafish yolk sac. The superior properties of the probe make it of great potential use in other biosystems and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinyuan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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39
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Wan QQ, Gao XH, He XY, Chen SM, Song YC, Gong QY, Li XH, Ma HM. A Cresyl Violet-Based Fluorescent Off-On Probe for the Detection and Imaging of Hypoxia and Nitroreductase in Living Organisms. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2058-62. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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40
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Schill H, Nizamov S, Bottanelli F, Bierwagen J, Belov VN, Hell SW. 4-Trifluoromethyl-substituted coumarins with large Stokes shifts: synthesis, bioconjugates, and their use in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Chemistry 2013; 19:16556-65. [PMID: 24281806 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bright and photostable fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts are widely used as sensors, molecular probes, and light-emitting markers in chemistry, life sciences, and optical microscopy. In this study, new 7-dialkylamino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarins have been designed for use in bioconjugation reactions and optical microscopy. Their synthesis was based on the Stille reaction of 3-chloro-4-trifluoromethylcoumarins and available (hetero)aryl- or (hetero)arylethenyltin derivatives. Alternatively, the acylation of 2-trifluoroacetyl-5-dialkylaminophenols with available (hetero)aryl- or (hetero)arylethenylacetic acids followed by intramolecular condensation afforded coumarins with 3-(hetero)aryl or 3-[2-(hetero)aryl]ethenyl groups. Hydrophilic properties were provided by the introduction of a sulfonic acid residue or by phosphorylation of a primary hydroxy group attached at C-4 of the 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline fragment fused to the coumarin fluorophore. For use in immunolabeling procedures, the dyes were decorated with an (activated) carboxy group. The positions of the absorption and emission maxima vary in the ranges 413-480 and 527-668 nm, respectively. The phosphorylated dye, 9,CH=CH-2-py,H, with the 1-(3-carboxypropyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline fragment fused to the coumarin fluorophore bearing the 3-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl] residue (absorption and emission maxima at 472 and 623 nm, respectively) was used in super-resolution light microscopy with stimulated emission depletion and provided an optical resolution better than 70 nm with a low background signal. As a result of their large Stokes shifts, good fluorescence quantum yields, and adequate photostabilities, phosphorylated coumarins enable two-color imaging (using several excitation sources and a single depletion laser) to be combined with subdiffractional optical resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schill
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: (+49) 551-2012505
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41
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Li X, Gao X, Shi W, Ma H. Design strategies for water-soluble small molecular chromogenic and fluorogenic probes. Chem Rev 2013; 114:590-659. [PMID: 24024656 DOI: 10.1021/cr300508p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1185] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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42
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Bedernjak AF, Groundwater PW, Gray M, James AL, Orenga S, Perry JD, Anderson RJ. Synthesis and evaluation of halogenated nitrophenoxazinones as nitroreductase substrates for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Li Z, Li X, Gao X, Zhang Y, Shi W, Ma H. Nitroreductase detection and hypoxic tumor cell imaging by a designed sensitive and selective fluorescent probe, 7-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methoxy]-3H-phenoxazin-3-one. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3926-32. [PMID: 23506563 DOI: 10.1021/ac400750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive fluorescence probe, 7-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methoxy]-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (1), is developed for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells via the indirect detection of nitroreductase. The detection mechanism is based on the fact that nitroreductase can selectively catalyze the reduction of the nitro group in 1 to a hydroxylamine or amino group in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as an electron donor that is indispensable, followed by the 1,6-rearrangement-elimination and the release of resorufin. As a result, the reaction produces a distinct color and fluorescence change from almost colorless and nonfluorescent to pink and strong red fluorescence. The fluorescence increase of probe 1 at λ(550/585 nm) is directly proportional to the concentration of nitroreductase in the range of 15-300 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.27 ng/mL. The ready reduction of the nitro group in 1 under hypoxic conditions leads to the establishment of a sensitive and selective fluorescence method for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells, and with this method Hela and A549 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (even for different extents of hypoxia) can be differentiated successfully. This method is simple and may be useful for the imaging of disease-relevant hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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44
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Guo T, Cui L, Shen J, Zhu W, Xu Y, Qian X. A highly sensitive long-wavelength fluorescence probe for nitroreductase and hypoxia: selective detection and quantification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10820-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Li Z, Gao X, Shi W, Li X, Ma H. 7-((5-Nitrothiophen-2-yl)methoxy)-3H-phenoxazin-3-one as a spectroscopic off–on probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of nitroreductase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5859-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42610f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Shi Y, Zhang S, Zhang X. A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe for selectively sensing nitroreductase (NTR) in an aqueous medium. Analyst 2013; 138:1952-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36807f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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47
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Nizamov S, Willig KI, Sednev MV, Belov VN, Hell SW. Phosphorylated 3-heteroarylcoumarins and their use in fluorescence microscopy and nanoscopy. Chemistry 2012; 18:16339-48. [PMID: 23111986 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photostable and bright fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts are widely used as markers in far-field optical microscopy, but the variety of useful dyes is limited. The present study introduces new 3-heteroaryl coumarins decorated with a primary phosphate group (OP(O)(OH)(2)) attached to C-4 in 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline fragment fused with the coumarin fluorophore. The general synthetic route is based on the Suzuki reaction of 3-bromocoumarines with hetarylboronic acids followed by oxidation of the methyl group at the C=C bond with SeO(2) (to an aldehyde), reduction with NaBH(4) (to an alcohol), and conversion into a primary phosphate. The 4 position in the coumarin system may be unsubstituted or bear a methyl group. Phosphorylated coumarins were found to have high fluorescence quantum yields in the free state and after conjugation with proteins (in aqueous buffers). In super-resolution light microscopy with stimulated emission depletion (STED), the new coumarin dyes provide an optical resolution of 40-60 nm with a low background signal. Due to their large Stokes shifts and high photostability, phosphorylated coumarins enable to combine multilabel imaging (using one detector and several excitation sources) with diffraction unlimited optical resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamil Nizamov
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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