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Ding M, Moreira-Álvarez B, Celis FC, Costa-Fernández JM, Encinar JR, Gref R. An in-depth physicochemical investigation of drug-loaded core-shell UiO66 nanoMOFs. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1676-1685. [PMID: 38187455 PMCID: PMC10767622 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanosized UiO66 are among the most studied MOF materials. They have been extensively applied in various areas, such as catalysis, gas absorption, electrochemistry, chemical sensing, and biomedical applications. However, the preparation of stable nano-sized UiO66 for drug delivery applications is challenging because of the high tendency of UiO66 to aggregate during storage. To address this issue, we coated UiO66 with oligomers made of crosslinked cyclodextrins. The coated UiO66 exhibited a good stability upon storage for more than three weeks, even for low quantities of coating materials. The resulting core-shell UiO66 were characterized using a set of complementary methods including microscopies, spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric investigations. Size distribution was assessed by orthogonal methods. Cisplatin was loaded in the core-shell nanoparticles, followed by an in-depth analysis by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This method combines the extremely high elemental selectivity and ultratrace detection limits of mass spectrometry with the capacity of AF4 to differentiate the diverse populations present in the sample. Free cisplatin and UiO66-associated cisplatin could be well separated by AF4. AF4-ICP-MS/MS analysis provided the exact drug loading, without the need of separating the nanoparticles from their suspension media. These data suggest the potential of AF4-ICP-MS/MS in the optimization of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Ding
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Borja Moreira-Álvarez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo Avenida Julian Claveria 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Francisco Calderón Celis
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo Avenida Julian Claveria 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Costa-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo Avenida Julian Claveria 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Jorge Ruiz Encinar
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo Avenida Julian Claveria 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Ruxandra Gref
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
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2
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Mosquera-Ortega M, Rodrigues de Sousa L, Susmel S, Cortón E, Figueredo F. When microplastics meet electroanalysis: future analytical trends for an emerging threat. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5978-5999. [PMID: 37921647 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01448g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a major modern challenge that must be addressed to protect the environment, particularly the marine environment. Microplastics, defined as particles ≤5 mm, are ubiquitous in the environment. Their small size for a relatively large surface area, high persistence and easy distribution in water, soil and air require the development of new analytical methods to monitor their presence. At present, the availability of analytical techniques that are easy to use, automated, inexpensive and based on new approaches to improve detection remains an open challenge. This review aims to outline the evolution and novelties of classical and advanced methods, in particular the recently reported electroanalytical detectors, methods and devices. Among all the studies reviewed here, we highlight the great advantages of electroanalytical tools over spectroscopic and thermal analysis, especially for the rapid and accurate detection of microplastics in the sub-micron range. Finally, the challenges faced in the development of automated analytical methods are discussed, highlighting recent trends in artificial intelligence (AI) in microplastics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Mosquera-Ortega
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioanalysis (LABB), Department of Biological Chemistry and IQUIBICEN, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires and CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina.
- Basic Science Department, Faculty Regional General Pacheco, National Technological University, Argentina
| | - Lucas Rodrigues de Sousa
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioanalysis (LABB), Department of Biological Chemistry and IQUIBICEN, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires and CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina.
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Sabina Susmel
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Eduardo Cortón
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioanalysis (LABB), Department of Biological Chemistry and IQUIBICEN, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires and CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina.
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology at Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Federico Figueredo
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioanalysis (LABB), Department of Biological Chemistry and IQUIBICEN, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires and CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires (1428), Argentina.
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3
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Huber MJ, Ivleva NP, Booth AM, Beer I, Bianchi I, Drexel R, Geiss O, Mehn D, Meier F, Molska A, Parot J, Sørensen L, Vella G, Prina-Mello A, Vogel R, Caputo F. Physicochemical characterization and quantification of nanoplastics: applicability, limitations and complementarity of batch and fractionation methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04689-5. [PMID: 37106123 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of heterogeneous nanoplastic (NPL) samples remains an analytical challenge requiring a combination of orthogonal measurement techniques to improve the accuracy and robustness of the results. Here, batch methods, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as separation/fractionation methods such as centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) and field-flow fractionation (FFF)-multi-angle light scattering (MALS) combined with pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (pyGC-MS) or Raman microspectroscopy (RM) were evaluated for NPL size, shape, and chemical composition measurements and for quantification. A set of representative/test particles of different chemical natures, including (i) polydisperse polyethylene (PE), (ii) (doped) polystyrene (PS) NPLs, (iii) titanium dioxide, and (iv) iron oxide nanoparticles (spherical and elongated), was used to assess the applicability and limitations of the selected methodologies. Particle sizes and number-based concentrations obtained by orthogonal batch methods (DLS, NTA, TRPS) were comparable for monodisperse spherical samples, while higher deviations were observed for polydisperse, agglomerated samples and for non-spherical particles, especially for light scattering methods. CLS and TRPS offer further insight with increased size resolution, while detailed morphological information can be derived by electron microscopy (EM)-based approaches. Combined techniques such as FFF coupled to MALS and RM can provide complementary information on physical and chemical properties by online measurements, while pyGC-MS analysis of FFF fractions can be used for the identification of polymer particles (vs. inorganic particles) and for their offline (semi)quantification. However, NPL analysis in complex samples will continue to present a serious challenge for the evaluated techniques without significant improvements in sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Huber
- Institute of Water Chemistry (IWC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (NAT, Dep. Chemistry), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia P Ivleva
- Institute of Water Chemistry (IWC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (NAT, Dep. Chemistry), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Andy M Booth
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean AS, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Irina Beer
- Institute of Water Chemistry (IWC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (NAT, Dep. Chemistry), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ivana Bianchi
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Otmar Geiss
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Dora Mehn
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Alicja Molska
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeremie Parot
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean AS, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gabriele Vella
- Laboratory of Biological Characterization for Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory of Biological Characterization for Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Fanny Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway.
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais, Paris, France.
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4
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Pan W, You R, Zhang S, Chang Y, Zhou F, Li Q, Chen X, Duan X, Han Z. Tunable nanochannel resistive pulse sensing device using a novel multi-module self-assembly. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:341035. [PMID: 36925301 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanochannel-based resistive pulse sensing (nano-RPS) system is widely used for the high-sensitive measurement and characterization of nanoscale biological particles and biomolecules due to its high surface to volume ratio. However, the geometric dimensions and surface properties of nanochannel are usually fixed, which limit the detections within particular ranges or types of nanoparticles. In order to improve the flexibility of nano-RPS system, it is of great significance to develop nanochannels with tunable dimensions and surface properties. In this work, we proposed a novel multi-module self-assembly (MS) strategy which allows to shrink the geometric dimensions and tune surface properties of the nanochannels simultaneously. The MS-tuned nano-RPS device exhibits an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for nanoparticle detections after shrunk the geometric dimensions by MS strategy. Meanwhile, by tuning the surface charge, an enhanced resolution for viral particles detection was achieved with the MS-tuned nano-RPS devices by analyzing the variation of pulse width due the tuned surface charge. The proposed MS strategy is versatile for various types of surface materials and can be potentially applied for nanoscale surface reconfiguration in various nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui You
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Quanning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Ziyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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5
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Vieira LF, Weinhofer AC, Oltjen WC, Yu C, de Souza Mendes PR, Hore MJA. Combining dynamic Monte Carlo with machine learning to study nanoparticle translocation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5218-5229. [PMID: 35770621 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00431c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) measurements of nanoparticle translocation have the ability to provide information on single-particle level characteristics, such as diameter or mobility, as well as ensemble averages. However, interpreting these measurements is complex and requires an understanding of nanoparticle dynamics in confined spaces as well as the ways in which nanoparticles disrupt ion transport while inside a nanopore. Here, we combine Dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) simulations with Machine Learning (ML) and Poisson-Nernst-Planck calculations to simultaneously simulate nanoparticle dynamics and ion transport during hundreds of independent particle translocations as a function of nanoparticle size, electrophoretic mobility, and nanopore length. The use of DMC simulations allowed us to explicitly investigate the effects of Brownian motion and nanoparticle/nanopore characteristics on the amplitude and duration of translocation signals. Simulation results were verified with experimental RPS measurements and found to be in quantitative agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Vieira
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation, Av. Venezuela, 82 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312, Brazil
| | - Alexandra C Weinhofer
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - William C Oltjen
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Cindy Yu
- Hathaway Brown School, 19600 North Park Blvd., Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA
| | - Paulo Roberto de Souza Mendes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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6
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A review of optical methods for ultrasensitive detection and characterization of nanoparticles in liquid media with a focus on the wide field surface plasmon microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Kis D, Csordás IB, Persa E, Jezsó B, Hargitai R, Szatmári T, Sándor N, Kis E, Balázs K, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Marrow in an Early Stage of Ionizing Radiation Damage Are Able to Induce Bystander Responses in the Bone Marrow. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010155. [PMID: 35011718 PMCID: PMC8750882 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced bystander effects contribute to biological responses to radiation, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in mediating these effects. In this study we investigated the role of bone marrow (BM)-derived EVs in the bystander transfer of radiation damage. Mice were irradiated with 0.1Gy, 0.25Gy and 2Gy, EVs were extracted from the BM supernatant 24 h or 3 months after irradiation and injected into bystander mice. Acute effects on directly irradiated or EV-treated mice were investigated after 4 and 24 h, while late effects were investigated 3 months after treatment. The acute effects of EVs on the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell pools were similar to direct irradiation effects and persisted for up to 3 months, with the hematopoietic stem cells showing the strongest bystander responses. EVs isolated 3 months after irradiation elicited no bystander responses. The level of seven microRNAs (miR-33a-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-152-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-200c-5p, miR-375-3p and miR-669o-5p) was altered in the EVs isolated 24 hour but not 3 months after irradiation. They regulated pathways highly relevant for the cellular response to IR, indicating their role in EV-mediated bystander responses. In conclusion, we showed that only EVs from an early stage of radiation damage could transmit IR-induced bystander effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Kis
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eszter Persa
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Bálint Jezsó
- Doctoral School of Biology and Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary;
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Hargitai
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Nikolett Sándor
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Enikő Kis
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Katalin Balázs
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Center, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, 1097 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (I.B.C.); (E.P.); (R.H.); (T.S.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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AlSadiq H, Tupally KR, Vogel R, Parekh HS, Veidt M. Multi-physics study of acoustofluidic delivery agents' clustering behavior. Phys Med Biol 2021; 67. [PMID: 34952530 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acoustofluidicly manipulated microbubbles (MBs) and echogenic liposomes (ELIPs) have been suggested as drug delivery systems for the 'on demand' release of drug in target tissue. This requires a clear understanding of their behaviour during ultrasonication and after ultrasonication stops. The main focus of this study is to investigate the behaviour of MBs and ELIPs clusters after ultrasonication stops and the underlaying cause of cluster diffusion considering electrostatic repulsion, steric repulsion and Brownian motion. It also examines the capability of existing models used to predict MBs' attraction velocity due to secondary radiation force, on predicting ELIPs' attraction velocity. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and phase analysis light scattering (PALS) techniques were used to measure zeta potentials of the agents and the size distributions were measured using TRPS. The zeta potentials were found to be -2.43 mV and -0.62 mV for Definity™ MBs, and -3.62 mV and -2.35 mV for ELIPs using TRPS and PALS, respectively. Both agents were shown to have significant cluster formation at pressures as low as 6 kPa. Clusters of both agents were shown to diffuse as sonication stops at a rate that approximately equals the sum of the diffusion coefficients of the agents forming them. The de-clustering behaviours are due to Brownian motion as no sign of electrostatic repulsion was observed and particles movements were observed to be faster for smaller diameters. These findings are important to design and optimise effective drug delivery systems using acoustofluidically manipulated MBs and ELIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain AlSadiq
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, AUSTRALIA
| | - Karnaker Reddy Tupally
- school of Pharmacy , The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4072, AUSTRALIA
| | - Robert Vogel
- The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4067, AUSTRALIA
| | - Harendra S Parekh
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4102, AUSTRALIA
| | - Martin Veidt
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
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9
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Okahisa Y, Narita C, Aoki T. Surface analysis of novel fibroin films based on well-preserved crystalline structures. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:1017-1025. [PMID: 34600950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that a highly homogeneous aqueous suspension of fibroin nanofiber (FNF) can be simply obtained by mechanical water-grinding a heterogeneous aqueous fibroin slurry and that the FNF in the suspension preserves the native β-sheet secondary structure during this mechanical treatment. The current study reports the surface properties of well-preserved crystalline structure novel FNF film from water-grinding preparation as compared with those of typical, conventionally prepared regenerated fibroin (RF) film. RF film was not treated with alcoholic solutions and was verified to be amorphous from a WAXD diffraction diagram. The air-side surfaces of the FNF semi-crystalline and RF amorphous films were studied to clarify differences using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), static water contact angle, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The well-preserved crystalline in the FNF film was found to exist near a slightly deep surface region and to act as a physically cross-linking domain, governing the molecular motions of the amorphous polypeptide chains at the very shallow surface region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Okahisa
- Faculty of Fiber Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Chieko Narita
- Faculty of Fiber Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoki
- Faculty of Fiber Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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10
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Application of Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing for the Quantification of Submicron Particles in Pharmaceutical Monoclonal Antibody Preparations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3541-3545. [PMID: 34303672 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS, qNano Gold, IZON Ltd.) was investigated as a method to quantify submicron particles (SMPs) between 0.1 and 1 µm in solutions of biopharmaceuticals. To reduce sample dilution, a spiking-in approach was used to add the appropriate amount of electrolytes required for the measurement. For correct particle quantification, an electrolyte concentration of at least 50 mM sodium chloride was needed. Intra- and inter-nanopore variability were below 5% for size and below 10% for concentration measurements when analyzing polystyrene standard beads. Submicron particle counts in a stir stressed IgG1 monoclonal antibody formulation resulted in a non-symmetrical, almost bell-shaped size distribution with a maximum at 250 nm when using a NP300 nanopore (IZON Ltd.). It was shown that particle counts are heavily underestimated below 250 nm, and therefore it is recommended to quantify particle counts by TRPS in samples with heterogeneous particle size distributions (e.g., biopharmaceuticals) only starting from the maximum of the histogram towards the upper limit of detection.
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Antaw F, Anderson W, Wuethrich A, Trau M. On the Behavior of Nanoparticles beyond the Nanopore Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4772-4782. [PMID: 33870692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in solid-state and biological nanopore sensors have produced a deluge of analytical techniques for in situ characterization of bio-nano colloidal dispersions; however, the transport forces governing particle movement into and out of the nanopore are not yet fully understood. Herein, we study the motion of particles outside the smaller opening of an elastomeric size-tunable nanopore and relate this motion to existing transport forces known to act on particles within the pore. Subsequently, we develop a combined optoelectronic approach which allows the comparison of both resistive pulse sensing and single particle tracking-based techniques for particle size characterization and, intriguingly, measurements of the ensemble particle motion induced by a combination of particle electrophoresis as well as pressure-driven and electroosmotic flows through the sensor nanopore. We find evidence suggesting that although bulk fluid flow from the pore tends to drive particle motion, in certain circumstances, electrophoretically driven motion can dominate bulk fluid flow-driven motion even at large distances from the pore opening. By permitting direct observation of the behavior of fluids at the nanopore interface, this approach enables a greater understanding of the transport forces acting on particles as they migrate toward and move through nanopore sensors-with implications for future particle characterization systems and for nanopore methods in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiach Antaw
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Will Anderson
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Zhang S, Ji Z, Du G, Liu J, Zhou X, Xie Y. Temperature Induced Dimensional Tuning and Anomalous Deformation of Micro/Nanopores. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2766-2772. [PMID: 33710895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial nanopores have become a common toolbox in nanotechnologies, with dimension and geometry as predominant factors. Most fabrication technologies determine the pore size beforehand, but few exist that enable size-tuning post-manufacturing. In this work, we reported a type of ion track etched micro/nanopores on uniaxially drawn PET foils that enable irreversible thermal shrinkage, thus tuning the pore dimensions by increasing ambient temperatures. Importantly, we found a complex pore deformation process, which for a specific range of pore sizes and temperatures resulted in a peculiar "eye"-shaped appearance of the pore openings. We analyzed the mechanical stresses and theoretically illustrated the complex deformation process by a phase diagram. Temperature-induced dimensional tuning nanopores reduced maximally over 98% of ionic conduction in a single nanopore and 99% of pressure-driven flow in a pore-array membrane within few seconds at 90 °C, which is useful for temperature-modulated mass transport in nanotechnology and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhenming Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guanghua Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Ti 3C 2 MXene mediated Prussian blue in situ hybridization and electrochemical signal amplification for the detection of exosomes. Talanta 2021; 224:121879. [PMID: 33379088 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes carrying abundant information have aroused great interest as effective biomarkers in liquid biopsy and are therefore ideal candidates for the early diagnosis of cancer and treatment monitoring. Herein, we developed a sensitive electrochemical biosensor using in situ generation of Fe₄[Fe(CN)6]₃ (Prussian Blue) on the surface of Ti3C2 MXene (two-dimensional transition-metal carbides) as hybrid nanoprobes (PB-MXene) for the detection of exosomes and their surface protein. A CD63 aptamer-modified poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)-Au NP electrode interface was fabricated that can specifically bind with CD63 protein on the exosomes derived from OVCAR cells. In addition, the CD63-modified Ti3C2 MXene was used as a nanocarrier to accommodate numerous aptamers and was adsorbed on the exosomes. The Ti3C2 MXene can realize the in situ generation and high-efficiency loading of PB and further amplify the electrochemical signal at a low potential, thus avoiding the interference of the electrochemical active species. The dual amplification effect enables highly selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of exosomes. The limit of detection (LOD) was 229 particles μL-1 with a linear range from 5 × 102 particles μL-1 to 5 × 105 particles μL-1. An electrochemical biosensor can detect exosomes secreted by various cancer cells such as HeLa, OVCAR and BT474, and shows a high specificity even in serum samples, thus demonstrating its great potential in the application of clinical diagnostics. This proposed electrochemical biosensor provides a facile and efficient tool for the early diagnosis of cancers.
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Vogel R, Savage J, Muzard J, Camera GD, Vella G, Law A, Marchioni M, Mehn D, Geiss O, Peacock B, Aubert D, Calzolai L, Caputo F, Prina-Mello A. Measuring particle concentration of multimodal synthetic reference materials and extracellular vesicles with orthogonal techniques: Who is up to the challenge? J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12052. [PMID: 33473263 PMCID: PMC7804049 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of physicochemical properties of polydisperse complex biological samples, for example, extracellular vesicles, is critical to assess their quality, for example, resulting from their production and isolation methods. The community is gradually becoming aware of the need to combine multiple orthogonal techniques to perform a robust characterization of complex biological samples. Three pillars of critical quality attribute characterization of EVs are sizing, concentration measurement and phenotyping. The repeatable measurement of vesicle concentration is one of the key‐challenges that requires further efforts, in order to obtain comparable results by using different techniques and assure reproducibility. In this study, the performance of measuring the concentration of particles in the size range of 50–300 nm with complementary techniques is thoroughly investigated in a step‐by step approach of incremental complexity. The six applied techniques include multi‐angle dynamic light scattering (MADLS), asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled with multi‐angle light scattering (AF4‐MALS), centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), and high‐sensitivity nano flow cytometry (nFCM). To achieve comparability, monomodal samples and complex polystyrene mixtures were used as particles of metrological interest, in order to check the suitability of each technique in the size and concentration range of interest, and to develop reliable post‐processing data protocols for the analysis. Subsequent complexity was introduced by testing liposomes as validation of the developed approaches with a known sample of physicochemical properties closer to EVs. Finally, the vesicles in EV containing plasma samples were analysed with all the tested techniques. The results presented here aim to shed some light into the requirements for the complex characterization of biological samples, as this is a critical need for quality assurance by the EV and regulatory community. Such efforts go with the view to contribute to both, set‐up reproducible and reliable characterization protocols, and comply with the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - John Savage
- LBCAM Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Julien Muzard
- IZON Science Ltd., Burnside Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Giacomo Della Camera
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology CNR Via P. Castellino 111 Napoli Italy
| | - Gabriele Vella
- LBCAM Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Alice Law
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Medicity Nottingham UK
| | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra Italy
| | - Otmar Geiss
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra Italy
| | - Fanny Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine SINTEF Industry Trondheim Norway
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- LBCAM Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,AMBER Centre CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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15
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Caputo F, Vogel R, Savage J, Vella G, Law A, Della Camera G, Hannon G, Peacock B, Mehn D, Ponti J, Geiss O, Aubert D, Prina-Mello A, Calzolai L. Measuring particle size distribution and mass concentration of nanoplastics and microplastics: addressing some analytical challenges in the sub-micron size range. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:401-417. [PMID: 33422789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The implementation of the proposal from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) to restrict the use of nanoplastics (NP) and microplastics (MP) in consumer products will require reliable methods to perform size and mass-based concentration measurements. Analytical challenges arise at the nanometre to micrometre interface, e.g., 800 nm-10 µm, where techniques applicable at the nanometre scale reach their upper limit of applicability and approaches applicable at the micrometre scale must be pushed to their lower limits of detection. EXPERIMENTS Herein, we compared the performances of nine analytical techniques by measuring the particle size distribution and mass-based concentration of polystyrene mixtures containing both nano and microparticles, with the educational aim to underline applicability and limitations of each technique. FINDINGS Light scattering-based measurements do not have the resolution to distinguish multiple populations in polydisperse samples. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), nano-flowcytometry (nFCM) and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation hyphenated with multiangle light scattering (AF4-MALS) cannot measure particles in the micrometre range. Static light scattering (SLS) is not able to accurately detect particles below 200 nm, and similarly to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM), is not suitable for accurate mass-based concentration measurements. Alternatives for high-resolution sizing and concentration measurements in the size range between 60 nm and 5 µm are tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS), that can bridge the gap between the nanometre and micrometre range.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - R Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; IZON Science Ltd., Burnside, Christchurch 8053, New Zealand
| | - J Savage
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Vella
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Law
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Medicity, Building D6, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK
| | - G Della Camera
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Hannon
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Peacock
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Medicity, Building D6, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK
| | - D Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - J Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - O Geiss
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - D Aubert
- NanoFCM Co., Ltd, Medicity, Building D6, Thane Road, Nottingham NG90 6BH, UK
| | - A Prina-Mello
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Calzolai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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16
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Alsadiq H, Tupally K, Vogel R, Kokil G, Parekh HS, Veidt M. Shell properties and concentration stability of acoustofluidic delivery agents. Phys Eng Sci Med 2021; 44:79-91. [PMID: 33398637 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the shell elastic properties and the number-concentration stability of a new acoustofluidic delivery agent liposome in comparison to Definity™, a monolayer ultrasonic contrast agent microbubble. The frequency dependent attenuation of an acoustic beam passing through a microbubble suspension was measured to estimate the shell parameters. The excitation voltage was adjusted to ensure constant acoustic pressure at all frequencies. The pressure was kept at the lowest possible magnitude to ensure that effects from nonlinear bubble behaviour which are not considered in the analytical model were minimal. The acoustofluidic delivery agent shell stiffness Sp and friction Sf parameters were determined as (Sp = 0.11 N/m, Sf = 0.31 × 10-6 Kg/s at 25 °C) in comparison to the Definity™ monolayer ultrasound contrast agent which were (Sp = 1.53 N/m, Sf = 1.51 × 10-6 Kg/s at 25 °C). When the temperature was raised to physiological levels, the friction coefficient Sf decreased by 28% for the monolayer microbubbles and by only 9% for the liposomes. The stiffness parameter Sp of the monolayer microbubble decreased by 23% while the stiffness parameter of the liposome increased by a similar margin (27%) when the temperature was raised to 37 °C. The size distribution of the bubbles was measured using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) for freshly prepared microbubbles and for bubble solutions at 6 h and 24 h after activation to investigate their number-concentration stability profile. The liposome maintained >80% of their number-concentration for 24 h at physiological temperature, while the monolayer microbubbles maintained only 27% of their number-concentration over the same period. These results are important input parameters for the design of effective acoustofluidic delivery systems using the new liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Alsadiq
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Karnaker Tupally
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ganesh Kokil
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Martin Veidt
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Particle Detection and Characterization for Biopharmaceutical Applications: Current Principles of Established and Alternative Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111112. [PMID: 33228023 PMCID: PMC7699340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and characterization of particles in the visible and subvisible size range is critical in many fields of industrial research. Commercial particle analysis systems have proliferated over the last decade. Despite that growth, most systems continue to be based on well-established principles, and only a handful of new approaches have emerged. Identifying the right particle-analysis approach remains a challenge in research and development. The choice depends on each individual application, the sample, and the information the operator needs to obtain. In biopharmaceutical applications, particle analysis decisions must take product safety, product quality, and regulatory requirements into account. Biopharmaceutical process samples and formulations are dynamic, polydisperse, and very susceptible to chemical and physical degradation: improperly handled product can degrade, becoming inactive or in specific cases immunogenic. This article reviews current methods for detecting, analyzing, and characterizing particles in the biopharmaceutical context. The first part of our article represents an overview about current particle detection and characterization principles, which are in part the base of the emerging techniques. It is very important to understand the measuring principle, in order to be adequately able to judge the outcome of the used assay. Typical principles used in all application fields, including particle–light interactions, the Coulter principle, suspended microchannel resonators, sedimentation processes, and further separation principles, are summarized to illustrate their potentials and limitations considering the investigated samples. In the second part, we describe potential technical approaches for biopharmaceutical particle analysis as some promising techniques, such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), micro flow imaging (MFI), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), flow cytometry, and the space- and time-resolved extinction profile (STEP®) technology.
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18
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Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Exosomes Derived from Irradiated Mouse Organs and Their Role in the Mechanisms Driving Non-Targeted Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218389. [PMID: 33182277 PMCID: PMC7664902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular communication between irradiated and unirradiated neighbouring cells initiates radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) and out-of-field (abscopal) effects which are both an example of the non-targeted effects (NTE) of ionising radiation (IR). Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endosomal origin and newly identified mediators of NTE. Although exosome-mediated changes are well documented in radiation therapy and oncology, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the role of exosomes derived from inside and outside the radiation field in the early and delayed induction of NTE following IR. Therefore, here we investigated the changes in exosome profile and the role of exosomes as possible molecular signalling mediators of radiation damage. Exosomes derived from organs of whole body irradiated (WBI) or partial body irradiated (PBI) mice after 24 h and 15 days post-irradiation were transferred to recipient mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and changes in cellular viability, DNA damage and calcium, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide signalling were evaluated compared to that of MEF cells treated with exosomes derived from unirradiated mice. Taken together, our results show that whole and partial-body irradiation increases the number of exosomes, instigating changes in exosome-treated MEF cells, depending on the source organ and time after exposure.
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Gangadoo S, Owen S, Rajapaksha P, Plaisted K, Cheeseman S, Haddara H, Truong VK, Ngo ST, Vu VV, Cozzolino D, Elbourne A, Crawford R, Latham K, Chapman J. Nano-plastics and their analytical characterisation and fate in the marine environment: From source to sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:138792. [PMID: 32442765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymer contamination is a major pollutant in all waterways and a significant concern of the 21st Century, gaining extensive research, media, and public attention. The polymer pollution problem is so vast; plastics are now observed in some of the Earth's most remote regions such as the Mariana trench. These polymers enter the waterways, migrate, breakdown; albeit slowly, and then interact with the environment and the surrounding biodiversity. It is these biodiversity and ecosystem interactions that are causing the most nervousness, where health researchers have demonstrated that plastics have entered the human food chain, also showing that plastics are damaging organisms, animals, and plants. Many researchers have focused on reviewing the macro and micro-forms of these polymer contaminants, demonstrating a lack of scientific data and also a lack of investigation regarding nano-sized polymers. It is these nano-polymers that have the greatest potential to cause the most harm to our oceans, waterways, and wildlife. This review has been especially ruthless in discussing nano-sized polymers, their ability to interact with organisms, and the potential for these nano-polymers to cause environmental damage in the marine environment. This review details the breakdown of macro-, micro-, and nano-polymer contamination, examining the sources, the interactions, and the fates of all of these polymer sizes in the environment. The main focus of this review is to perform a comprehensive examination of the literature of the interaction of nanoplastics with organisms, soils, and waters; followed by the discussion of toxicological issues. A significant focus of the review is also on current analytical characterisation techniques for nanoplastics, which will enable researchers to develop protocols for nanopolymer analysis and enhance understanding of nanoplastics in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeana Gangadoo
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephanie Owen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Katie Plaisted
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Samuel Cheeseman
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hajar Haddara
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Viet Nam
| | - Van V Vu
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Daniel Cozzolino
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Russell Crawford
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kay Latham
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - James Chapman
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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20
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Rozo AJ, Cox MH, Devitt A, Rothnie AJ, Goddard AD. Biophysical analysis of lipidic nanoparticles. Methods 2020; 180:45-55. [PMID: 32387313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles include liposomes, extracellular vesicle and lipid-based discoidal systems. When studying such particles, there are several key parameters of interest, including particle size and concentration. Measuring these characteristics can be of particular importance in the research laboratory or when producing such particles as biotherapeutics. This article briefly describes the major types of lipid-containing nanoparticles and the techniques that can be used to study them. Such methodologies include electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing. Whilst no technique is perfect for the analysis of all nanoparticles, this article provides advantages and disadvantages of each, highlighting the latest developments in the field. Finally, we demonstrate the use of microfluidic resistive pulse sensing for the analysis of biological nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg J Rozo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Megan H Cox
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Meritics Ltd, Unit 3, Clipstone Brook Industrial Estate, Cherrycourt Way, Leighton Buzzard LU7 4GP, UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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21
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Maugi R, Hauer P, Bowen J, Ashman E, Hunsicker E, Platt M. A methodology for characterising nanoparticle size and shape using nanopores. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:262-270. [PMID: 31815999 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and characterisation of nanomaterials represents a multidisciplinary problem. Their properties and applications within biological, physical and medicinal sciences depend on their size, shape, concentration and surface charge. No single technology can currently measure all characteristics. Here we combine resistive pulse sensing with predictive logistic regression models, termed RPS-LRM, to rapidly characterise a nanomaterial's size, aspect ratio, shape and concentration when mixtures of nanorods and nanospheres are present in the same solution. We demonstrate that RPS-LRM can be applied to the characterisation of nanoparticles over a wide size range, and varying aspect ratios, and can distinguish between nanorods over nanospheres when they possess an aspect ratio grater then two. The RPS-LRM can rapidly measure the ratios of nanospheres to nanorods in solution within mixtures, regardless of their relative sizes and ratios i.e. many large nanospherical particles do not interfere with the characterisation of smaller nanorods. This was done with a 91% correct classification of nanospherical particles and 72% correct classification of nanorods even when the fraction of nanorods in solution is as low as 20%. The methodology here will enable the classification of nanomedicines, new nanomaterials and biological analytes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maugi
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - P Hauer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - J Bowen
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | | | - E Hunsicker
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Imaging Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - M Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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22
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Heaton I, Platt M. Peptide Nanocarriers for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions Using Resistive Pulse Sensing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11291-11296. [PMID: 31370397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers within resistive pulse sensing facilitates the detection and quantification of analytes. To date the field has been dominated by polyionic carriers or nanomaterials. Together they combine the recognition elements of a ligand with a stable support, facilitating the sample handling, analysis times, and multiplex detection. Here we develop the use of peptide-functionalized superparamagnetic nanocarriers to extract and quantify metal ions in solution. The interaction between nickel and the peptide ligand is measured as a change in translocation velocity of the carrier. The magnitude of change is proportional to the concentration of the metal ions in solution. Unlike DNA aptamers where a change in the tertiary structure and the folding of the polyanionic backbone influences the carrier velocity, the peptides here had a lower net charge under the assay conditions. To try and enhance the signal we engineered charged groups within the peptide to explore the effects on the signal. In all cases the metal ion binding dominated the velocity of the carrier. The assay was shown to work across 3 orders of magnitude and can detect Ni2+ in the presence of some other heavy metal ions. We demonstrate this by quantifying Ni2+ in both tap and pond water. The work allows for future multiplexed sensing strategies using both peptides and DNA aptamers in resistive pulse sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Heaton
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
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23
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Sina AAI, Vaidyanathan R, Wuethrich A, Carrascosa LG, Trau M. Label-free detection of exosomes using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1311-1318. [PMID: 30719562 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of a sensitive and specific detection platform for exosomes is highly desirable as they are believed to transmit vital tumour-specific information (mRNAs, microRNAs, and proteins) to remote cells for secondary metastasis. Herein, we report a simple method for the real-time and label-free detection of clinically relevant exosomes using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. Our method shows high specificity in detecting BT474 breast cancer cell-derived exosomes particularly from complex biological samples (e.g. exosome spiked in serum). This approach exhibits high sensitivity by detecting as low as 8280 exosomes/μL which may potentially be suitable for clinical analysis. We believe that this label-free and real-time method along with the high specificity and sensitivity may potentially be useful for clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Laura G Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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24
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Hampson SM, Pollard M, Hauer P, Salway H, Christie SDR, Platt M. Additively Manufactured Flow-Resistive Pulse Sensors. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2947-2954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Hampson
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Pollard
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hauer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Hayden Salway
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D. R. Christie
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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25
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Wang F, Liu Y. Ti 3C 2 MXenes nanosheets catalyzed highly efficient electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor for the detection of exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 124-125:184-190. [PMID: 30388560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have been reported to play an important role in the anti-tumor immune response, tumor diagnosis and other processes, and are promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. In this work, a sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed for detection of exosomes using aptamer modified two-dimensional material Ti3C2 MXenes nanosheets as the ECL nanoprobe because of its large surface area, the excellent conductivity and catalytic properties. The exosomes can be high efficiently captured onto the electrode surface by an EpCAM protein recognized aptamer modified on the electrode surface. In addition, the ECL nanoprobe can also recognize the exosomes, and significantly enhanced the ECL signals of luminol. Based on this strategy, a highly sensitive ECL biosensor for MCF-7 exosomes detection was obtained. The detection limit is 125 particles μL-1, which was over 100 times lower than that of conventional ELISA method. The as prepared ECL biosensor was performed successfully for MCF-7 exosomes detection in the serum. This strategy provided a feasible, sensitive and reliable tool for the exosomes detection in exosomes-related clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Zhang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Kay Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Kay Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Kay Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Kay Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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26
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Biophysical virus particle specific characterization to sharpen the definition of virus stability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:62-69. [PMID: 30118752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine thermostability is key to successful global immunization programs as it may have a significant impact on the continuous cold-chain maintenance logistics, as well as affect vaccine potency. Modern biological and biophysical techniques were combined to in-depth characterize the thermostability of a formulated rabies virus (RABV) in terms of antigenic and genomic titer, virus particle count and aggregation state. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were used to count virus particles while simultaneously determining their size distribution. RABV antigenicity was assessed by NTA using a monoclonal antibody that recognize a rabies glycoprotein (G protein) conformational epitope, enabling to specifically count antigenic rabies viruses. Agreement between antigenicity results from NTA and conventional method, as ELISA, was demonstrated. Additionally, NTA and ELISA showed mirrored loss of RABV antigenicity during forced degradation studies performed between 5 °C and 45 °C temperature exposure for one month. Concomitant with decreased antigenicity, emergence of RABV particle populations larger than those expected for rabies family viruses was observed, suggesting RABV aggregation induced by thermal stress. Finally, using a kinetic-based modeling approach to explore forced degradation antigenicity data (NTA, ELISA), a two-step model accurately describing antigenicity loss was identified. This model predicted a RABV shelf-life of more than 3 years at 5 °C; significant loss of antigenicity was predicted for samples maintained several months at ambient temperature. This thorough characterization of RABV forced degradation study originally provided a time-temperature mapping of RABV stability.
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27
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Shi J, Zhou M. Probing the conformational switch of I-motif DNA using tunable resistive pulse sensing. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2564-2569. [PMID: 30048743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
I-motif DNA, which can fold and unfold reversibly in various environments, plays a significant role in DNA nanotechnology and biological functions. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to identify the different conformations of i-motif DNA. Here, we demonstrate that distinct structures of i-motif DNA conjugated to polystyrene spheres can be distinguished through tunable resistive pulse sensing technique. When dispersed in acidic buffer, i-motif DNA coating on polystyrene spheres would fold into quadruplex structure and subsequently induce an apparent increase in the translocation duration time upon passing through a nanopore due to the shielding effect of the surface charge of the nanospheres. However, if the DNA strands don't have conformational changes in acidic buffer, little shift can be observed in the translocation duration time of the DNA functionalized polystyrene spheres. A before-and-after assay was also performed to illustrate the fast speed of i-motif DNA folding using this technique. The successful implementation of tunable resistive pulse sensing to monitor the conformational transition of i-motif DNA provides a potential tool to detect the structural changes of DNA and an alternative approach to study the function of DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Liu Y, Xu C, Yu P, Chen X, Wang J, Mao L. Counting and Sizing of Single Vesicles/Liposomes by Electrochemical Events. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Box 332 Shenyang 110819 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of ChemistryThe Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Cong Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of ChemistryThe Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of ChemistryThe Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Box 332 Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Box 332 Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of ChemistryThe Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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29
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Willmott GR. Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing: Better Size and Charge Measurements for Submicrometer Colloids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2987-2995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoff R. Willmott
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Departments of Physics and Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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30
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He F, Liu H, Guo X, Yin BC, Ye BC. Direct Exosome Quantification via Bivalent-Cholesterol-Labeled DNA Anchor for Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12968-12975. [PMID: 29139297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Lab
of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The
Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinggang Guo
- The
Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin-Cheng Yin
- Lab
of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Lab
of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Song Y, Zhang J, Li D. Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E204. [PMID: 30400393 PMCID: PMC6190343 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The resistive pulse sensing (RPS) method based on the Coulter principle is a powerful method for particle counting and sizing in electrolyte solutions. With the advancement of micro- and nano-fabrication technologies, microfluidic and nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing technologies and devices have been developed. Due to the unique advantages of microfluidics and nanofluidics, RPS sensors are enabled with more functions with greatly improved sensitivity and throughput and thus have wide applications in fields of biomedical research, clinical diagnosis, and so on. Firstly, this paper reviews some basic theories of particle sizing and counting. Emphasis is then given to the latest development of microfuidic and nanofluidic RPS technologies within the last 6 years, ranging from some new phenomena, methods of improving the sensitivity and throughput, and their applications, to some popular nanopore or nanochannel fabrication techniques. The future research directions and challenges on microfluidic and nanofluidic RPS are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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32
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Gajos K, Kamińska A, Awsiuk K, Bajor A, Gruszczyński K, Pawlak A, Żądło A, Kowalik A, Budkowski A, Stępień E. Immobilization and detection of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles on functionalized silicon substrate: cytometric and spectrometric approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:1109-1119. [PMID: 27822644 PMCID: PMC5258792 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the various biomarkers that are used to diagnose or monitor disease, extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent one of the most promising targets in the development of new therapeutic strategies and the application of new diagnostic methods. The detection of circulating platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) is a considerable challenge for laboratory diagnostics, especially in the preliminary phase of a disease. In this study, we present a multistep approach to immobilizing and detecting PMVs in biological samples (microvesicles generated from activated platelets and human platelet-poor plasma) on functionalized silicon substrate. We describe the application of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and spectroscopic ellipsometry methods to the detection of immobilized PMVs in the context of a novel imaging flow cytometry (ISX) technique and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This novel approach allowed us to confirm the presence of the abundant microvesicle phospholipids phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on a surface with immobilized PMVs. Phosphatidylcholine groups (C5H12N+; C5H15PNO4+) were also detected. Moreover, we were able to show that ellipsometry permitted the immobilization of PMVs on a functionalized surface to be evaluated. The sensitivity of the ISX technique depends on the size and refractive index of the analyzed microvesicles. Graphical abstract Human platelets activated with thrombin (in concentration 1IU/mL) generate population of PMVs (platelet derived microvesicles), which can be detected and enumerated with fluorescent-label method (imaging cytometry). Alternatively, PMVs can be immobilized on the modified silicon substrate which is functionalized with a specific IgM murine monoclonal antibody against human glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (PAC-1). Immobilized PMVs can be subjected to label-free analyses by means ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gajos
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza Street, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Awsiuk
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza Street, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrianna Bajor
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza Street, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gruszczyński
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, 3 Stefana Artwińskiego Street, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Pawlak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żądło
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, 3 Stefana Artwińskiego Street, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza Street, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
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33
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Blundell ELCJ, Vogel R, Platt M. Determination of Zeta Potential via Nanoparticle Translocation Velocities through a Tunable Nanopore: Using DNA-modified Particles as an Example. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27805605 DOI: 10.3791/54577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopore technologies, known collectively as Resistive Pulse Sensors (RPS), are being used to detect, quantify and characterize proteins, molecules and nanoparticles. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) is a relatively recent adaptation to RPS that incorporates a tunable pore that can be altered in real time. Here, we use TRPS to monitor the translocation times of DNA-modified nanoparticles as they traverse the tunable pore membrane as a function of DNA concentration and structure (i.e., single-stranded to double-stranded DNA). TRPS is based on two Ag/AgCl electrodes, separated by an elastomeric pore membrane that establishes a stable ionic current upon an applied electric field. Unlike various optical-based particle characterization technologies, TRPS can characterize individual particles amongst a sample population, allowing for multimodal samples to be analyzed with ease. Here, we demonstrate zeta potential measurements via particle translocation velocities of known standards and apply these to sample analyte translocation times, thus resulting in measuring the zeta potential of those analytes. As well as acquiring mean zeta potential values, the samples are all measured using a particle-by-particle perspective exhibiting more information on a given sample through sample population distributions, for example. Of such, this method demonstrates potential within sensing applications for both medical and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Vogel
- Izon Science Limited; School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University;
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34
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Vogel R, Coumans FAW, Maltesen RG, Böing AN, Bonnington KE, Broekman ML, Broom MF, Buzás EI, Christiansen G, Hajji N, Kristensen SR, Kuehn MJ, Lund SM, Maas SLN, Nieuwland R, Osteikoetxea X, Schnoor R, Scicluna BJ, Shambrook M, de Vrij J, Mann SI, Hill AF, Pedersen S. A standardized method to determine the concentration of extracellular vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:31242. [PMID: 27680301 PMCID: PMC5040823 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.31242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the pathogenic role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in disease and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility is extremely reliant on in-depth quantification, measurement and identification of EV sub-populations. Quantification of EVs has presented several challenges, predominantly due to the small size of vesicles such as exosomes and the availability of various technologies to measure nanosized particles, each technology having its own limitations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standardized methodology to measure the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been developed and tested. The method is based on measuring the EV concentration as a function of a defined size range. Blood plasma EVs are isolated and purified using size exclusion columns (qEV) and consecutively measured with tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). Six independent research groups measured liposome and EV samples with the aim to evaluate the developed methodology. Each group measured identical samples using up to 5 nanopores with 3 repeat measurements per pore. Descriptive statistics and unsupervised multivariate data analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate reproducibility across the groups and to explore and visualise possible patterns and outliers in EV and liposome data sets. RESULTS PCA revealed good reproducibility within and between laboratories, with few minor outlying samples. Measured mean liposome (not filtered with qEV) and EV (filtered with qEV) concentrations had coefficients of variance of 23.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The increased variance of the EV concentration measurements could be attributed to the use of qEVs and the polydisperse nature of EVs. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of this standardized methodology to facilitate comparable and reproducible EV concentration measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vogel
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Izon Science Ltd., Burnside, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Frank A W Coumans
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raluca G Maltesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anita N Böing
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marike L Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Najat Hajji
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Søren R Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sigrid M Lund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rosalie Schnoor
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin J Scicluna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitch Shambrook
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
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35
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Yang L, Yamamoto T. Quantification of Virus Particles Using Nanopore-Based Resistive-Pulse Sensing Techniques. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1500. [PMID: 27713738 PMCID: PMC5031608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have drawn much attention in recent years due to increased recognition of their important roles in virology, immunology, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Because the biological and physical properties of viruses significantly impact their applications, quantitative detection of individual virus particles has become a critical issue. However, due to various inherent limitations of conventional enumeration techniques such as infectious titer assays, immunological assays, and electron microscopic observation, this issue remains challenging. Thanks to significant advances in nanotechnology, nanostructure-based electrical sensors have emerged as promising platforms for real-time, sensitive detection of numerous bioanalytes. In this paper, we review recent progress in nanopore-based electrical sensing, with particular emphasis on the application of this technique to the quantification of virus particles. Our aim is to provide insights into this novel nanosensor technology, and highlight its ability to enhance current understanding of a variety of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takatoki Yamamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
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36
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Alamri Y. Plasma exosome concentration may correlate with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 4:107-108. [PMID: 27722197 PMCID: PMC5050258 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassar Alamri
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +6421750015; Fax: +6433646080.
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37
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Sivakumaran M, Platt M. Tunable resistive pulse sensing: potential applications in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2197-214. [PMID: 27480794 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate characterization of nanomaterials used in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics is of paramount importance to realize the full potential of nanotechnology in medicine and to avoid unexpected and potentially harmful toxic effects due to these materials. A number of technical modalities are currently in use to study the physical, chemical and biological properties of nanomaterials but they all have advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we discuss the potential of a relative newcomer, tunable resistive pulse sensing, for the characterization of nanomaterials and its applications in nanodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Blundell ELCJ, Healey MJ, Holton E, Sivakumaran M, Manstana S, Platt M. Characterisation of the protein corona using tunable resistive pulse sensing: determining the change and distribution of a particle's surface charge. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5757-5768. [PMID: 27287012 PMCID: PMC4958399 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The zeta potential of the protein corona around carboxyl particles has been measured using tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). A simple and rapid assay for characterising zeta potentials within buffer, serum and plasma is presented monitoring the change, magnitude and distribution of proteins on the particle surface. First, we measure the change in zeta potential of carboxyl-functionalised nanoparticles in solutions that contain biologically relevant concentrations of individual proteins, typically constituted in plasma and serum, and observe a significant difference in distributions and zeta values between room temperature and 37 °C assays. The effect is protein dependent, and the largest difference between the two temperatures is recorded for the γ-globulin protein where the mean zeta potential changes from -16.7 to -9.0 mV for 25 and 37 °C, respectively. This method is further applied to monitor particles placed into serum and/or plasma. A temperature-dependent change is again observed with serum showing a 4.9 mV difference in zeta potential between samples incubated at 25 and 37 °C; this shift was larger than that observed for samples in plasma (0.4 mV). Finally, we monitor the kinetics of the corona reorientation for particles initially placed into serum and then adding 5 % (V/V) plasma. The technology presented offers an interesting insight into protein corona structure and kinetics of formation measured in biologically relevant solutions, i.e. high protein, high salt levels, and its particle-by-particle analysis gives a measure of the distribution of particle zeta potential that may offer a better understanding of the behaviour of nanoparticles in solution. Graphical Abstract The relative velocity of a nanoparticle as it traverses a nanopore can be used to determine its zeta potential. Monitoring the changes in translocation speeds can therefore be used to follow changes to the surface chemistry/composition of 210 nm particles that were placed into protein rich solutions, serum and plasma. The particle-by-particle measurements allow the zeta potential and distribution of the particles to be characterised, illustrating the effects of protein concentration and temperature on the protein corona. When placed into a solution containing a mixture of proteins, the affinity of the protein to the particle's surface determines the corona structure, and is not dependent on the protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L C J Blundell
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Matthew J Healey
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holton
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Muttuswamy Sivakumaran
- Peterborough City Hospital, Edith Cavell Campus, Bretton Gate, Peterborough, PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Sarabjit Manstana
- Human Genomics Lab, Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Sina AAI, Vaidyanathan R, Dey S, Carrascosa LG, Shiddiky MJA, Trau M. Real time and label free profiling of clinically relevant exosomes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30460. [PMID: 27464736 PMCID: PMC4964344 DOI: 10.1038/srep30460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes possess significant clinical relevance due to their unique composition of genetic and protein material that is representative of the parent tumor. Specific isolation as well as identification of proportions of these clinically relevant exosomes (CREs) from biological samples could help to better understand their clinical significance as cancer biomarkers. Herein, we present a simple approach for quantification of the proportion of CREs within the bulk exosome population isolated from patient serum. This proportion of CREs can potentially inform on the disease stage and enable non-invasive monitoring of inter-individual variations in tumor-receptor expression levels. Our approach utilises a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) platform to quantify the proportion of CREs in a two-step strategy that involves (i) initial isolation of bulk exosome population using tetraspanin biomarkers (i.e., CD9, CD63), and (ii) subsequent detection of CREs within the captured bulk exosomes using tumor-specific markers (e.g., human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)). We demonstrate the isolation of bulk exosome population and detection of as low as 10% HER2(+) exosomes from samples containing designated proportions of HER2(+) BT474 and HER2(-) MDA-MB-231 cell derived exosomes. We also demonstrate the successful isolation of exosomes from a small cohort of breast cancer patient samples and identified that approximately 14-35% of their bulk population express HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laura G. Carrascosa
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Mørk M, Pedersen S, Botha J, Lund SM, Kristensen SR. Preanalytical, analytical, and biological variation of blood plasma submicron particle levels measured with nanoparticle tracking analysis and tunable resistive pulse sensing. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:349-60. [PMID: 27195974 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1178801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) enable measurement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma but also measure other particles present in plasma. Complete isolation of EVs from similarly sized particles with full EV recovery is currently not possible due to limitations in existing isolation techniques. AIM This study aimed to evaluate preanalytical, analytical, and biological variation of particle measurements with NTA and TRPS on blood plasma. METHODS Blood from 20 healthy subjects was sampled in the fasting and postprandial state. Platelet free plasma (PFP) was analyzed immediately and after a freeze-thaw cycle. Additionally, the effect of prandial state and a freeze-thaw cycle on EV-enriched particle fractions obtained via size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was examined. RESULTS We observed analytical linearity in the range of 1.0-10.0 × 10(8) particles/mL for NTA and 1.0 × 10(8)-1.8 × 10(9) particles/mL for TRPS. The analytical variation was generally below 10%. A considerable intra- and inter-individual variation was demonstrated with estimated reference intervals of 1.4 × 10(11)-1.2 × 10(12) particles/mL for NTA and 1.8 × 10(8)-1.6 × 10(9) particles/mL for TRPS. Food intake and to a lesser extent a freeze-thaw cycle affected particle populations in PFP and, similarly, in EV-enriched fractions. CONCLUSION In this study NTA and TRPS enabled acceptably precise concentration and size measurement of submicron particles in PFP. An appreciable intra- and inter-individual biological variation was observed. In studies on particle populations in PFP or EV-enriched fractions, we recommend analysis of fresh, fasting samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Mørk
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark ;,b AF Study Group , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Shona Pedersen
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark ;,b AF Study Group , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark ;,c Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Jaco Botha
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Sigrid Marie Lund
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Søren Risom Kristensen
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark ;,b AF Study Group , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark ;,c Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
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Sikora A, Shard AG, Minelli C. Size and ζ-Potential Measurement of Silica Nanoparticles in Serum Using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2216-2224. [PMID: 26869024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The contact of nanoparticles with biological fluids such as serum results in rapid adsorption of proteins at the nanoparticle surface in a layer known as the "protein corona". Protein coatings modify and control the behavior of the nanoparticles potentially altering the aggregation state and cellular response, which may influence their fate and hazard to human health. Cells are likely to interact with the protein interface rather than with bare surface; therefore it is important to study the protein layer and develop appropriate measurement tools. In this study we investigate how adsorbed proteins from serum affect the size and the surface charge of plain and aminated silica nanoparticles. Particle size and size distributions in buffer and serum-based biological media were studied using tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), as well as differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Average and single particle ζ-potentials (related to surface charge) were also measured by electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) and TRPS, respectively. Size measurements showed an increase in size of the nanoparticles upon acquisition of a protein layer, thus allowing an estimation of its thickness. DLS proved incapable of providing an accurate measurement of the nanoparticles' size in serum due to the presence of agglomerates. The ability of TRPS to measure sample agglomeration was investigated by comparison with the high resolution technique of DCS. Particle-by-particle ζ-potential measurements by TRPS were consistent with those performed with ELS and allowed a description of the ζ-potential distribution within the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sikora
- Analytical Science, National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G Shard
- Analytical Science, National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Minelli
- Analytical Science, National Physical Laboratory , Hampton Road, TW11 0LW Teddington, United Kingdom
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Blundell ELCJ, Vogel R, Platt M. Particle-by-Particle Charge Analysis of DNA-Modified Nanoparticles Using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1082-1090. [PMID: 26757237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensors, RPS, are allowing the transport mechanism of molecules, proteins and even nanoparticles to be characterized as they traverse pores. Previous work using RPS has shown that the size, concentration and zeta potential of the analyte can be measured. Here we use tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) which utilizes a tunable pore to monitor the translocation times of nanoparticles with DNA modified surfaces. We start by demonstrating that the translocation times of particles can be used to infer the zeta potential of known standards and then apply the method to measure the change in zeta potential of DNA modified particles. By measuring the translocation times of DNA modified nanoparticles as a function of packing density, length, structure, and hybridization time, we observe a clear difference in zeta potential using both mean values and population distributions as a function of the DNA structure. We demonstrate the ability to resolve the signals for ssDNA, dsDNA, small changes in base length for nucleotides between 15 and 40 bases long, and even the discrimination between partial and fully complementary target sequences. Such a method has potential and applications in sensors for the monitoring of nanoparticles in both medical and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L C J Blundell
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Vogel
- Izon Science Limited , 8C Homersham Place, PO Box 39168, Burnside, Christchurch 8053, New Zealand
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Blundell ELCJ, Mayne LJ, Lickorish M, Christie SDR, Platt M. Protein detection using tunable pores: resistive pulses and current rectification. Faraday Discuss 2016; 193:487-505. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present the first comparison between assays that use resistive pulses or rectification ratios on a tunable pore platform. We compare their ability to quantify the cancer biomarker Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The first assay measures the electrophoretic mobility of aptamer modified nanoparticles as they traverse the pore. By controlling the aptamer loading on the particle surface, and measuring the speed of each translocation event we are able to observe a change in velocity as low as 18 pM. A second non-particle assay exploits the current rectification properties of conical pores. We report the first use of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes onto the surface of the polyurethane pore. The current rectification ratios demonstrate the presence of the polymers, producing pH and ionic strength-dependent currents. The LbL assembly allows the facile immobilisation of DNA aptamers onto the pore allowing a specific dose response to VEGF. Monitoring changes to the current rectification allows for a rapid detection of 5 pM VEGF. Each assay format offers advantages in their setup and ease of preparation but comparable sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura J. Mayne
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lickorish
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- United Kingdom
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Erdbrügger U, Lannigan J. Analytical challenges of extracellular vesicle detection: A comparison of different techniques. Cytometry A 2015; 89:123-34. [PMID: 26651033 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially over the last decade. Evolving evidence is demonstrating that these EVs are playing an important role in health and disease. They are involved in intercellular communication and have been shown to transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the most commonly used techniques for detection of EVs, to include microparticles, 100-1,000 nm in size, and exosomes, 50-100 nm in size. Conventional flow cytometry is the most prevalent technique, but nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and resistive pulse sensing have also been used to detect EVs. The accurate measurement of these vesicles is challenged by size heterogeneity, low refractive index, and the lack of dynamic measurement range for most of the available technologies. Sample handling during the preanalytical phase can also affect the accuracy of measurements. Currently, there is not one single method which allows phenotyping, sizing, and enumerating the whole range of EVs and, therefore, providing all the necessary information to truly understand the biology of these particles. A combination of methods is probably needed which might also include electron and atomic force microscopy and full RNA, lipid, and protein profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
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van den Kieboom CH, van der Beek SL, Mészáros T, Gyurcsányi RE, Ferwerda G, de Jonge MI. Aptasensors for viral diagnostics. Trends Analyt Chem 2015; 74:58-67. [PMID: 32287539 PMCID: PMC7112930 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We discuss progress in aptamer-based detection of viruses. We consider the use of aptasensors for point-of-care diagnostics of viruses. Aptamers have distinct advantages over antibodies for virus recognition. There is strong demand for multiplexed diagnostic measurement of pathogens.
Novel viral diagnostic tools need to be affordable, fast, accurate and easy to use with sensitivity and specificity equivalent or superior to current standards. At present, viral diagnostics are based on direct detection of viral components or indirect detection by measuring antibodies generated in response to viral infection. While sensitivity of detection and quantification are still important challenges, we expect major advances from new assay formats and synthetic binding molecules, such as aptamers. Compared to traditional antibody-based detection, aptamers could provide faster adaptation to continuously evolving virus strains and higher discriminating capacity between specific virus serotypes. Aptamers are very stable and easily modifiable, so are ideal molecules for detection and chemical sensing applications. Here, we review the use of aptasensors for detection of viral pathogens and consider the feasibility of aptasensors to become standard devices for point-of-care diagnostics of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corné H van den Kieboom
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Tamás Mészáros
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-BME Research Group for Technical Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- MTA-BME Lendület Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Iavicoli P, Urbán P, Bella A, Ryadnov MG, Rossi F, Calzolai L. Application of Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation hyphenations for liposome-antimicrobial peptide interaction. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1422:260-269. [PMID: 26499970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) combined with multidetector analysis form a promising technique in the field of nanoparticle characterization. This system is able to measure the dimensions and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles with unprecedented accuracy and precision. Here, for the first time, this technique is optimized to characterize the interaction between an archetypal antimicrobial peptide and synthetic membranes. By using charged and neutral liposomes it is possible to mimic some of the charge characteristics of biological membranes. The use of AF4 system allows determining, in a single analysis, information regarding the selectivity of the peptides, the quantity of peptides bound to each liposome, the induced change in the size distribution and morphology of the liposomes. The results obtained provide relevant information for the study of structure-activity relationships in the context of membrane-induced antimicrobial action. This information will contribute to the rational design of potent antimicrobial agents in the future. Moreover, the application of this method to other liposome systems is straightforward and would be extremely useful for a comprehensive characterization with regard to size distribution and protein interaction in the nanomedicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Iavicoli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Patricia Urbán
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Angelo Bella
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW United Kingdom
| | - Maxim G Ryadnov
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW United Kingdom
| | - François Rossi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Søndergaard RV, Christensen NM, Henriksen JR, Kumar EKP, Almdal K, Andresen TL. Facing the Design Challenges of Particle-Based Nanosensors for Metabolite Quantification in Living Cells. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8344-78. [PMID: 26244372 DOI: 10.1021/cr400636x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke V Søndergaard
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nynne M Christensen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Henriksen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E K Pramod Kumar
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Carra JH, Martins KAO, Schokman RD, Robinson CG, Steffens JT, Bavari S. A thermostable, chromatographically purified Ebola nano-VLP vaccine. J Transl Med 2015; 13:228. [PMID: 26174690 PMCID: PMC4502941 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filovirus virus-like particles (VLP) are strong immunogens with the potential for development into a safe, non-infectious vaccine. However, the large size and filamentous structure of this virus has heretofore made production of such a vaccine difficult. Herein, we present new assays and a purification procedure to yield a better characterized and more stable product. METHODS Sonication of VLP was used to produce smaller "nano-VLP", which were purified by membrane chromatography. The sizes and lengths of VLP particles were analyzed using electron microscopy and an assay based on transient occlusion of a nanopore. Using conformationally-sensitive antibodies, we developed an in vitro assay for measuring GP conformational integrity in the context of VLP, and used it to profile thermal stability. RESULTS We developed a new procedure for rapid isolation of Ebola VLP using membrane chromatography that yields a filterable and immunogenic product. Disruption of VLP filaments by sonication followed by filtration produced smaller particles of more uniform size, having a mean diameter close to 230 nm. These reduced-size VLP retained GP conformation and were protective against mouse-adapted Ebola challenge in mice. The "nano-VLP" consists of GP-coated particles in a mixture of morphologies including circular, branched, "6"-shaped, and filamentous ones up to ~1,500 nm in length. Lyophilization conferred a high level of thermostability on the nano-VLP. Unlike Ebola VLP in solution, which underwent denaturation of GP upon moderate heating, the lyophilized nano-VLP can withstand at least 1 h at 75°C, while retaining conformational integrity of GP and the ability to confer protective immunity in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS We showed that Ebola virus-like particles can be reduced in size to a more amenable range for manipulation, and that these smaller particles retained their temperature stability, the structure of the GP antigen, and the ability to stimulate a protective immune response in mice. We developed a new purification scheme for "nano-VLP" that is more easily scaled up and filterable. The product could also be made thermostable by lyophilization, which is highly significant for vaccines used in tropical countries without a reliable "cold-chain" of refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Carra
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| | - Karen A O Martins
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| | - Rowena D Schokman
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA. .,Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - Jesse T Steffens
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
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Stolzoff M, Ekladious I, Colby AH, Colson YL, Porter TM, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Polymer/Lipid Expansile Nanoparticles: Imparting Surface Functionality for Targeting and Stability. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1958-66. [PMID: 26053219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The size, drug loading, drug release kinetics, localization, biodistribution, and stability of a given polymeric nanoparticle (NP) system depend on the composition of the NP core as well as its surface properties. In this study, novel, pH-responsive, and lipid-coated NPs, which expand in size from a diameter of approximately 100 to 1000 nm in the presence of a mildly acidic pH environment, are synthesized and characterized. Specifically, a combined miniemulsion and free-radical polymerization method is used to prepare the NPs in the presence of PEGylated lipids. These PEGylated-lipid expansile NPs (PEG-L-eNPs) combine the swelling behavior of the polymeric core of expansile NPs with the improved colloidal stability and surface functionality of PEGylated liposomes. The surface functionality of PEG-L-eNPs allows for the incorporation of folic acid (FA) and folate receptor-targeting. The resulting hybrid polymer/lipid nanocarriers, FA-PEG-L-eNPs, exhibit greater in vitro uptake and potency when loaded with paclitaxel compared to nontargeted PEG-L-eNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yolonda L Colson
- §Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Anderson W, Lane R, Korbie D, Trau M. Observations of Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing for Exosome Analysis: Improving System Sensitivity and Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6577-87. [PMID: 25970769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Size distribution and concentration measurements of exosomes are essential when investigating their cellular function and uptake. Recently, a particle size distribution and concentration measurement platform known as tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) has seen increased use for the characterization of exosome samples. TRPS measures the brief increase in electrical resistance (a resistive pulse) produced by individual submicrometer/nanoscale particles as they translocate through a size-tunable submicrometer/micrometer-sized pore, embedded in an elastic membrane. Unfortunately, TRPS measurements are susceptible to issues surrounding system stability, where the pore can become blocked by particles, and sensitivity issues, where particles are too small to be detected against the background noise of the system. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the parameters involved in TRPS exosome measurements and demonstrate the ability to improve system sensitivity and stability by the optimization of system parameters. We also provide the first analysis of system noise, sensitivity cutoff limits, and accuracy with respect to exosome measurements and offer an explicit definition of system sensitivity that indicates the smallest particle diameter that can be detected within the noise of the trans-membrane current. A comparison of exosome size measurements from both TRPS and cryo-electron microscopy is also provided, finding that a significant number of smaller exosomes fell below the detection limit of the TRPS platform and offering one potential insight as to why there is such large variability in the exosome size distribution reported in the literature. We believe the observations reported here may assist others in improving TRPS measurements for exosome samples and other submicrometer biological and nonbiological particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Anderson
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Rebecca Lane
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Darren Korbie
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
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