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Fattah ARA, Abdalla AM, Mishriki S, Meleca E, Geng F, Ghosh S, Puri IK. Magnetic Printing of a Biosensor: Inexpensive Rapid Sensing To Detect Picomolar Amounts of Antigen with Antibody-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11790-11797. [PMID: 28319366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When an antibody (Ab) is immobilized on its surface, a carbon nanotube (CNT) becomes a biosensor that detects the corresponding antigen (Ag) because Ag-Ab complexes formed on the CNT surface moderate the current flow through it. We synthesized a biological ink containing CNTs that are twice functionalized, first with magnetic nanoparticles and thereafter with the anti-c-Myc monoclonal Ab. The ink is pipetted and dynamically self-organized by an external magnetic field into a dense electrically conducting sensor strip that measures the decrease in current when a sample containing c-Myc Ag is deposited on it. Prototypes are rapidly fabricated materials that cost less than 20 cents (Canadian) for each sensor. With larger current decreases due to real-time specific Ag-Ab binding for higher c-Myc concentrations, the biosensor distinguishes between picomolar c-Myc concentrations within a minute, offering proof of concept of a simple, rapid, economical, and sensitive method to detect specific molecules recognizable by Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahman Abdel Fattah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Abdalla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sarah Mishriki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Elvira Meleca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Suvojit Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ishwar K Puri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Engineering Physics, §School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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Chinnakkannu Vijayakumar S, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. SERS Active Nanobiosensor Functionalized by Self-Assembled 3D Nickel Nanonetworks for Glutathione Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5077-5091. [PMID: 28117567 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a "non-noble metal" based SERS active nanobiosensor using a self-assembled 3D hybrid nickel nanonetwork. A tunable biomolecule detector fabricated by a bottom-up approach was functionalized using a multiphoton ionization energy mechanism to create a self-assembled 3D hybrid nickel nanonetwork. The nanonetwork was tested for SERS detection of crystal violet (CV) and glutathione (GSH) at two excitation wavelengths, 532 and 785 nm. The results reveal indiscernible peaks with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 picomolar (pM) concentration. An enhancement factor (EF) of 9.3 × 108 was achieved for the chemical molecule CV and 1.8 × 109 for the biomolecule GSH, which are the highest reported values so far. The two results, one being the CV molecule proved that nickel nanonetwork is indeed SERS active and the second being the GSH biomolecule detection at both 532 and 785 nm, confirm that the nanonetwork is a biosensor which has potential for both in vivo and in vitro sensing. In addition, the selectivity and versatility of this biosensor is examined with biomolecules such as l-Cysteine, l-Methionine, and sensing GSH in cell culture medium which mimics the complex biological environment. The functionalized self-assembled 3D hybrid nickel nanonetwork exhibits electromagnetic and charge transfer based SERS activation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprasad Chinnakkannu Vijayakumar
- Micro/Nanofabrication facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University , 350 Victoria street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Micro/Nanofabrication facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University , 350 Victoria street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Affiliate Scientist, Keenan Research Center, St. Michael's Hospital , 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University , 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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Gabardo CM, Soleymani L. Deposition, patterning, and utility of conductive materials for the rapid prototyping of chemical and bioanalytical devices. Analyst 2016; 141:3511-25. [PMID: 27001624 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00210b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid prototyping is a critical step in the product development cycle of miniaturized chemical and bioanalytical devices, often categorized as lab-on-a-chip devices, biosensors, and micro-total analysis systems. While high throughput manufacturing methods are often preferred for large-volume production, rapid prototyping is necessary for demonstrating and predicting the performance of a device and performing field testing and validation before translating a product from research and development to large volume production. Choosing a specific rapid prototyping method involves considering device design requirements in terms of minimum feature sizes, mechanical stability, thermal and chemical resistance, and optical and electrical properties. A rapid prototyping method is then selected by making engineering trade-off decisions between the suitability of the method in meeting the design specifications and manufacturing metrics such as speed, cost, precision, and potential for scale up. In this review article, we review four categories of rapid prototyping methods that are applicable to developing miniaturized bioanalytical devices, single step, mask and deposit, mask and etch, and mask-free assembly, and we will focus on the trade-offs that need to be made when selecting a particular rapid prototyping method. The focus of the review article will be on the development of systems having a specific arrangement of conductive or semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Gabardo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Canada
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Mazhab-Jafari H, Soleymani L, Genov R. 16-channel CMOS impedance spectroscopy DNA analyzer with dual-slope multiplying ADCs. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2012; 6:468-478. [PMID: 23853233 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2012.2226334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a 16-channel, mixed-signal CMOS DNA analyzer that utilizes frequency response analysis (FRA) to extract the real and imaginary impedance components of the biosensor. Two computationally intensive operations, the multiplication and integration required by the FRA algorithm, are performed by an in-channel dual-slope multiplying ADC in the mixed-signal domain resulting in minimal area and power consumption. Multiplication of the input current by a digital coefficient is implemented by modulating the counter-controlled duration of the charging phase of the ADC. Integration is implemented by accumulating output digital bits in the ADC counter over multiple input samples. The 1.05 mm×1.6 mm prototype fabricated in a 0.13 μm standard CMOS technology has been validated in prostate cancer DNA detection. Each channel occupies an area of only 0.06 mm² and consumes 42 μW of power from a 1.2 V supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mazhab-Jafari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
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Wang Y, Yuan R, Chai Y, Yuan Y, Bai L. In situ enzymatic silver enhancement based on functionalized graphene oxide and layer-by-layer assembled gold nanoparticles for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 38:50-4. [PMID: 22664382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly specific in situ amplification strategy was designed for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin by combining the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled amplification with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gold nanoparticles (Au) mediated silver deposition. High-density carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was introduced as a nanocarrier for LBL assembling of alkaline phosphatase decorated gold nanoparticles (ALP-Au), which was further adopted to label thrombin aptamer II. After sandwich-type reaction, numerous ALP were captured onto the aptasensor surface and catalyzed the hydrolysis of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP), which in situ generated ascorbic acid (AA), reducing Ag(+) to Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) for electrochemical readout. Inspiringly, the in situ amplification strategy with ethanolamine as an effective blocking agent showed remarkable amplification efficiency, very little nonspecific adsorption, and low background signal, which was favorable to enhance the sensitivity of aptasensor. Our novel dramatic signal amplification strategy, with a detection limit of 2.7 fM, showed about 2-3 orders of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity for thrombin detection compared to other universal enzyme-based electrochemical assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
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