1
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Serrano JA, Pérez P, Daza P, Huertas G, Yúfera A. Predictive Cell Culture Time Evolution Based on Electric Models. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:668. [PMID: 37367033 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining cell concentration measurements from a culture assay by using bioimpedance is a very useful method that can be used to translate impedances to cell concentration values. The purpose of this study was to find a method to obtain the cell concentration values of a given cell culture assay in real time by using an oscillator as the measurement circuit. From a basic cell-electrode model, enhanced models of a cell culture immersed in a saline solution (culture medium) were derived. These models were used as part of a fitting routine to estimate the cell concentration in a cell culture in real time by using the oscillation frequency and amplitude delivered by the measurement circuits proposed by previous authors. Using real experimental data (the frequency and amplitude of oscillations) that were obtained by connecting the cell culture to an oscillator as the load, the fitting routine was simulated, and real-time data of the cell concentration were obtained. These results were compared to concentration data that were obtained by using traditional optical methods for counting. In addition, the error that we obtained was divided and analyzed in two parts: the first part of the experiment (when the few cells were adapting to the culture medium) and the second part of the experiment (when the cells exponentially grew until they completely covered the well). Low error values were obtained during the growth phase of the cell culture (the relevant phase); therefore, the results obtained were considered promising and show that the fitting routine is valid and that the cell concentration can be measured in real time by using an oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Daza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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2
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Nasrollahpour H, Khalilzadeh B, Naseri A, Yousefi H, Erk N, Rahbarghazi R. Electrochemical biosensors for stem cell analysis; applications in diagnostics, differentiation and follow-up. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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3
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Choi J, Mathew S, Oerter S, Appelt-Menzel A, Hansmann J, Schmitz T. Online Measurement System for Dynamic Flow Bioreactors to Study Barrier Integrity of hiPSC-Based Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro Models. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010039. [PMID: 35049748 PMCID: PMC8773345 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a noninvasive, reliable, and efficient method to analyze the barrier integrity of in vitro tissue models. This well-established tool is used most widely to quantify the transendothelial/epithelial resistance (TEER) of Transwell-based models cultured under static conditions. However, dynamic culture in bioreactors can achieve advanced cell culture conditions that mimic a more tissue-specific environment and stimulation. This requires the development of culture systems that also allow for the assessment of barrier integrity under dynamic conditions. Here, we present a bioreactor system that is capable of the automated, continuous, and non-invasive online monitoring of cellular barrier integrity during dynamic culture. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) casting and 3D printing were used for the fabrication of the bioreactors. Additionally, attachable electrodes based on titanium nitride (TiN)-coated steel tubes were developed to perform EIS measurements. In order to test the monitored bioreactor system, blood–brain barrier (BBB) in vitro models derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) were cultured for up to 7 days. We applied equivalent electrical circuit fitting to quantify the electrical parameters of the cell layer and observed that TEER gradually decreased over time from 2513 Ω·cm2 to 285 Ω·cm2, as also specified in the static control culture. Our versatile system offers the possibility to be used for various dynamic tissue cultures that require a non-invasive monitoring system for barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyoung Choi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Sanjana Mathew
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Sabrina Oerter
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.)
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.)
- Faculty of Electronics, University of Applied Science Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Ignaz-Schön-Straße 11, 97421 Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmitz
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (S.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.)
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Garcia-Hernando M, Saez J, Savva A, Basabe-Desmonts L, Owens RM, Benito-Lopez F. An electroactive and thermo-responsive material for the capture and release of cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113405. [PMID: 34144472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive collection of target cells is crucial for research in biology and medicine. In this work, we combine a thermo-responsive material, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), with an electroactive material, poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiopene):poly(styrene sulfonate), to generate a smart and conductive copolymer for the label-free and non-invasive detection of the capture and release of cells on gold electrodes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The copolymer is functionalized with fibronectin to capture tumor cells, and undergoes a conformational change in response to temperature, causing the release of cells. Simultaneously, the copolymer acts as a sensor, monitoring the capture and release of cancer cells by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This platform has the potential to play a role in top-notch label-free electrical monitoring of human cells in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Garcia-Hernando
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain; Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Micro and Nanodevices, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain; Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, María Díaz Haroko Kalea, 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena S/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Micro and Nanodevices, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Zhang Z, Zheng T, Zhu R. Long-term and label-free monitoring for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells using force sensor and impedance measurement. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9913-9920. [PMID: 33034334 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01968b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted increasing research interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to their unique abilities to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Label-free, real-time, and long-term monitoring for stem cell differentiation is requisite in studying directional differentiation and development mechanisms for tissue engineering applications, but a great challenge because of the rigorous demands for sensitivity, stability and biocompatibility of devices. In this article, a label-free and real-time monitoring approach using a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod field effect transistor (FET) is proposed to detect cell traction forces (CTFs) exerted by cells on underlying substrates. The ZnO nanorod FET with the approach of difference-frequency lock-in detection achieves high sensitivity, good stability, and excellent biocompatibility, by which real-time and long-term (over 20 days) monitoring of cellular mechanical changes in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is successfully achieved. We also employ electrical impedance monitoring using microelectrode array chips and microscopic observation to investigate cell migration and nodular aggregation behaviors of MSCs in osteogenic differentiation. Various biochemical assays including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin expression and alizarin red staining are utilized to verify osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We propose a combination of cell traction force measurement, impedance measurement and microscopic observation to provide multimodal profiling of cell morphology, and cellular biomechanical and electrophysiological phenotypes, which can track cellular dynamics in stem cell development and help to deeply understand the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Tianyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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6
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Pérez P, Serrano JA, Olmo A. 3D-Printed Sensors and Actuators in Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering: Framework and Research Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5617. [PMID: 33019576 PMCID: PMC7582847 DOI: 10.3390/s20195617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technologies have been recently proposed to monitor cell cultures and implement cell bioreactors for different biological applications. In tissue engineering, the control of tissue formation is crucial to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance, and 3D printing technologies can also play an important role for this purpose. In this work, we study 3D-printed sensors that have been recently used in cell culture and tissue engineering applications in biological laboratories, with a special focus on the technique of electrical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, we study new 3D-printed actuators used for the stimulation of stem cells cultures, which is of high importance in the process of tissue formation and regenerative medicine. Key challenges and open issues, such as the use of 3D printing techniques in implantable devices for regenerative medicine, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (P.P.); (J.A.S.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (P.P.); (J.A.S.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (P.P.); (J.A.S.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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7
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Ambrico M, Lasalvia M, Ligonzo T, Ambrico PF, Perna G, Capozzi V. Recognition of healthy and cancerous breast cells: Sensing the differences by dielectric spectroscopy. Med Phys 2020; 47:5373-5382. [PMID: 32750750 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The response of human cells to applied electrical signals depends on the cellular health status, because it is influenced by the composition and structure of the main cellular components. Therefore, electrical impedance-based techniques can be considered as sensitive tools to investigate healthy or disease state at cellular level. The goal of this study is to show that different types of in vitro cellular lines, related to different health status, can be differentiated using impedance spectra analysis. METHODS Three different types of human breast cell line, corresponding to healthy, cancerous, and metastatic adenocarcinoma cells, were measured by means of electrical impedance spectroscopy. By modeling the investigated cells with proper resistive and capacitive circuital elements, the magnitude of the cell electrical components and spectra of real and imaginary part of dielectric permittivity were obtained. The latter were subsequently examined with a commonly adopted mathematical model, in order to estimate the values of specific dielectric parameters for the three different cellular lines. RESULTS The relative variation of cellular capacitance with respect to that of the culture medium, estimated at 100 Hz, has a larger value for the two types of cancerous cells with respect to the noncancerous type. Furthermore, the ratio between the real and imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity function has larger values for metastatic cells with respect to the normal and nonmetastatic ones. Therefore, the mentioned relative capacitance allows to discriminate between normal and cancerous cells, whereas the results obtained for the dielectric function can discriminate between metastatic and nonmetastatic cells. CONCLUSIONS This study can be considered as an exploratory investigation of evaluating in vitro the health status of humans cells using selected electrical impedance parameters as potential markers. The obtained results highlight that a standard cultureware system, provided with interdigitated electrodes and appropriate impedance parameters, that is, cellular capacitance and the ratio between the imaginary and real part of cellular dielectric function, can be used to discriminate between healthy and cancerous breast cell lines, as well as different malignancy degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ambrico
- CNR-ISTP Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi - Sede di Bari, Via Amendola 122/D, Bari, 70125, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - M Lasalvia
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70125, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - T Ligonzo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70125, Italy.,Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin" Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - P F Ambrico
- CNR-ISTP Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi - Sede di Bari, Via Amendola 122/D, Bari, 70125, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - G Perna
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70125, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - V Capozzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola Via Amendola 173, Bari, 70125, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
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8
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Hedayatipour A, Aslanzadeh S, McFarlane N. CMOS based whole cell impedance sensing: Challenges and future outlook. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111600. [PMID: 31479988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing need for multi-analyte point-of-care diagnosis devices, cell impedance measurement is a promising technique for integration with other sensing modalities. In this comprehensive review, the theory underlying cell impedance sensing, including the history, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based implementations, and applications are critically assessed. Whole cell impedance sensing, also known as electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) or electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is an approach for studying and diagnosing living cells in in-vitro and in-vivo environments. The technique is popular since it is label-free, non-invasive, and low cost when compared to standard biochemical assays. CMOS cell impedance measurement systems have been focused on expanding their applications to numerous aspects of biological, environmental, and food safety applications. This paper presents and evaluates circuit topologies for whole cell impedance measurement. The presented review compares several existing CMOS designs, including the classification, measurement speed, and sensitivity of varying topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hedayatipour
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Shaghayegh Aslanzadeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole McFarlane
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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9
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Veronesi F, Tschon M, Visani A, Fini M. Biosensors for real-time monitoring of physiological processes in the musculoskeletal system: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21504-21518. [PMID: 31062360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are composed of (bio)receptors, transducers, and detection systems and are able to convert the biological stimulus into a measurable signal. This systematic review evaluates the current state of the art of innovation and research in this field, identifying the biosensors that in vitro monitor the musculoskeletal system cellular processes. Two databases found 20 in vitro studies, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017, dealing with musculoskeletal system cells. The biosensors were divided into two groups based on the transduction mechanism: optical or electrochemical. The first group evaluated osteoblasts or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biocompatibility, viability, differentiation, alkaline phosphatase, enzyme, and protein detection. The second group detected cell impedance, ATP release, and superoxide concentration in tenocytes, osteoblasts, MSCs, and myoblasts. This review highlighted that the in vitro scenario is still at an early phase and limited for what concerns both the type of bioanalyte and for the type of system detector used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Visani
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Gamal W, Wu H, Underwood I, Jia J, Smith S, Bagnaninchi PO. Impedance-based cellular assays for regenerative medicine. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0226. [PMID: 29786561 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on regenerative techniques have the potential to radically improve healthcare in the coming years. As a result, there is an emerging need for non-destructive and label-free technologies to assess the quality of engineered tissues and cell-based products prior to their use in the clinic. In parallel, the emerging regenerative medicine industry that aims to produce stem cells and their progeny on a large scale will benefit from moving away from existing destructive biochemical assays towards data-driven automation and control at the industrial scale. Impedance-based cellular assays (IBCA) have emerged as an alternative approach to study stem-cell properties and cumulative studies, reviewed here, have shown their potential to monitor stem-cell renewal, differentiation and maturation. They offer a novel method to non-destructively assess and quality-control stem-cell cultures. In addition, when combined with in vitro disease models they provide complementary insights as label-free phenotypic assays. IBCA provide quantitative and very sensitive results that can easily be automated and up-scaled in multi-well format. When facing the emerging challenge of real-time monitoring of three-dimensional cell culture dielectric spectroscopy and electrical impedance tomography represent viable alternatives to two-dimensional impedance sensing.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gamal
- School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 1UT, UK
| | - H Wu
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - I Underwood
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - J Jia
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - S Smith
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - P O Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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Samal P, van Blitterswijk C, Truckenmüller R, Giselbrecht S. Grow with the Flow: When Morphogenesis Meets Microfluidics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805764. [PMID: 30767289 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developmental biology has advanced the understanding of the intricate and dynamic processes involved in the formation of an organism from a single cell. However, many gaps remain in the knowledge of embryonic development, especially regarding tissue morphogenesis. A possible approach to mimic such phenomena uses pluripotent stem cells in in vitro morphogenetic models. Herein, these systems are summarized with emphasis on the ability to better manipulate and control cellular interfaces with either liquid or solid materials using microengineered tools, which is critical for attaining deeper insights into pattern formation and stem cell differentiation during organogenesis. The role of conventional and customized cell-culture systems in supporting important advances in the field of morphogenesis is discussed, and the fascinating role that material sciences and microengineering currently play and are expected to play in the future is highlighted. In conclusion, it is proffered that continued microfluidics innovations when applied to morphogenesis promise to provide important insights to advance many multidisciplinary fields, including regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinak Samal
- Department of Complex Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Complex Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Complex Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Choi S, Ko K, Lim J, Kim SH, Woo SH, Kim YS, Key J, Lee SY, Park IS, Lee SW. Non-Linear Cellular Dielectrophoretic Behavior Characterization Using Dielectrophoretic Tweezers-Based Force Spectroscopy inside a Microfluidic Device. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103543. [PMID: 30347732 PMCID: PMC6210972 DOI: 10.3390/s18103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of cellular dielectrophoretic (DEP) behaviors, when cells are exposed to an alternating current (AC) electric field of varying frequency, is fundamentally important to many applications using dielectrophoresis. However, to date, that characterization has been performed with monotonically increasing or decreasing frequency, not with successive increases and decreases, even though cells might behave differently with those frequency modulations due to the nonlinear cellular electrodynamic responses reported in previous works. In this report, we present a method to trace the behaviors of numerous cells simultaneously at the single-cell level in a simple, robust manner using dielectrophoretic tweezers-based force spectroscopy. Using this method, the behaviors of more than 150 cells were traced in a single environment at the same time, while a modulated DEP force acted upon them, resulting in characterization of nonlinear DEP cellular behaviors and generation of different cross-over frequencies in living cells by modulating the DEP force. This study demonstrated that living cells can have non-linear di-polarized responses depending on the modulation direction of the applied frequency as well as providing a simple and reliable platform from which to measure a cellular cross-over frequency and characterize its nonlinear property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeop Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Kwanhwi Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hun Woo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Jaehong Key
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
| | - In Su Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana⁻Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea.
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13
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Serrano JA, Huertas G, Maldonado-Jacobi A, Olmo A, Pérez P, Martín ME, Daza P, Yúfera A. An Empirical-Mathematical Approach for Calibration and Fitting Cell-Electrode Electrical Models in Bioimpedance Tests. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072354. [PMID: 30036948 PMCID: PMC6068773 DOI: 10.3390/s18072354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a new yet efficient method allowing a significant improvement in the on-line analysis of biological cell growing and evolution. The procedure is based on an empirical-mathematical approach for calibration and fitting of any cell-electrode electrical model. It is valid and can be extrapolated for any type of cellular line used in electrical cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) tests. Parameters of the bioimpedance model, acquired from ECIS experiments, vary for each cell line, which makes obtaining results difficult and—to some extent-renders them inaccurate. We propose a fitting method based on the cell line initial characterization, and carry out subsequent experiments with the same line to approach the percentage of well filling and the cell density (or cell number in the well). To perform our calibration technique, the so-called oscillation-based test (OBT) approach is employed for each cell density. Calibration results are validated by performing other experiments with different concentrations on the same cell line with the same measurement technique. Accordingly, a bioimpedance electrical model of each cell line is determined, which is valid for any further experiment and leading to a more precise electrical model of the electrode-cell system. Furthermore, the model parameters calculated can be also used by any other measurement techniques. Promising experimental outcomes for three different cell-lines have been achieved, supporting the usefulness of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Américo Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Américo Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Andrés Maldonado-Jacobi
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Américo Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Américo Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Américo Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María E Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Paula Daza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Américo Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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14
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Abstract
An alternative approach for cell-culture end-point protocols is proposed herein. This new technique is suitable for real-time remote sensing. It is based on Electrical Cell-substrate Impedance Spectroscopy (ECIS) and employs the Oscillation-Based Test (OBT) method. Simple and straightforward circuit blocks form the basis of the proposed measurement system. Oscillation parameters – frequency and amplitude – constitute the outcome, directly correlated with the culture status. A user can remotely track the evolution of cell cultures in real time over the complete experiment through a web tool continuously displaying the acquired data. Experiments carried out with commercial electrodes and a well-established cell line (AA8) are described, obtaining the cell number in real time from growth assays. The electrodes have been electrically characterized along the design flow in order to predict the system performance and the sensitivity curves. Curves for 1-week cell growth are reported. The obtained experimental results validate the proposed OBT for cell-culture characterization. Furthermore, the proposed electrode model provides a good approximation for the cell number and the time evolution of the studied cultures.
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15
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16
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Fathi F, Rahbarghazi R, Rashidi MR. Label-free biosensors in the field of stem cell biology. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 101:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Song JH, Lee SM, Yoo KH. Label-free and real-time monitoring of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in 2D and 3D cell culture systems using impedance cell sensors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31246-31254. [PMID: 35548770 PMCID: PMC9085567 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) stem cell culture has recently received considerable attention because it may enable the development of in vitro 3D tissue models. In particular, label-free and real-time monitoring of stem cell differentiation is of importance for tissue engineering applications; however, only a few non-invasive monitoring methods are available, especially for 3D cell culture. Here, we describe impedance cell sensors that allowed the monitoring of cellular behaviors in 2D and 3D cell cultures in real-time. Specifically, apparent capacitance peaks appeared in both 2D and 3D cell culture systems when human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in osteogenic induction medium. In contrast, when hMSCs were cultured in adipogenic induction medium, the capacitance increased monotonically. In addition, distinct characteristics were noted in the plots of capacitance versus conductance for the cells cultured in osteogenic and adipocyte induction media. These results demonstrated that the differentiation of hMSCs toward osteoblasts and adipocytes in 2D and 3D cell culture systems could be discriminated non-invasively by measuring the real-time capacitance and conductance. Furthermore, the vertical distribution of cellular activities in 3D cell cultures could be monitored in real-time using the 3D impedance cell sensors. Thus, these sensors may be suitable for monitoring the differentiation of various stem cells into different types of cells with distinct dielectric properties for tissue engineering applications. 3D impedance cell sensors are developed to monitor hMSC differentiation in label-free and real-time. Analyzing capacitance and conductance with these sensors shows that osteoblast and adipocyte lineages can be discriminated non-invasively in 3D cell culture systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Song
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science and Technology
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Yoo
- Department of Physics
- Yonsei University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science and Technology
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18
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Advances in Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Stem Cell-Based Translational Applications. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29149-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Messina W, Fitzgerald M, Moore E. SEM and ECIS Investigation of Cells Cultured on Nanopillar Modified Interdigitated Impedance Electrodes for Analysis of Cell Growth and Cytotoxicity of Potential Anticancer Drugs. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Messina
- Tyndall National Institute; University College Cork; Cork Republic Of Ireland
- University College Cork, Dept. Of Chemistry; Cork Republic Of Ireland
| | - Michelle Fitzgerald
- Tyndall National Institute; University College Cork; Cork Republic Of Ireland
| | - Eric Moore
- Tyndall National Institute; University College Cork; Cork Republic Of Ireland
- University College Cork, Dept. Of Chemistry; Cork Republic Of Ireland
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20
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21
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Xu Y, Xie X, Duan Y, Wang L, Cheng Z, Cheng J. A review of impedance measurements of whole cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:824-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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23
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Chang FY, Chen MK, Wang MH, Jang LS. Electrical Properties of HeLa Cells Based on Scalable 3D Interdigital Electrode Array. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Real-time discrimination between proliferation and neuronal and astroglial differentiation of human neural stem cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6319. [PMID: 25204726 PMCID: PMC4159634 DOI: 10.1038/srep06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are characterized by a capacity for self-renewal, differentiation into multiple neural lineages, all of which are considered to be promising components for neural regeneration. However, for cell-replacement therapies, it is essential to monitor the process of in vitro NSC differentiation and identify differentiated cell phenotypes. We report a real-time and label-free method that uses a capacitance sensor array to monitor the differentiation of human fetal brain-derived NSCs (hNSCs) and to identify the fates of differentiated cells. When hNSCs were placed under proliferation or differentiation conditions in five media, proliferating and differentiating hNSCs exhibited different frequency and time dependences of capacitance, indicating that the proliferation and differentiation status of hNSCs may be discriminated in real-time using our capacitance sensor. In addition, comparison between real-time capacitance and time-lapse optical images revealed that neuronal and astroglial differentiation of hNSCs may be identified in real-time without cell labeling.
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25
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Pradhan R, Rajput S, Mandal M, Mitra A, Das S. Frequency dependent impedimetric cytotoxic evaluation of anticancer drug on breast cancer cell. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 55:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Ertl P, Sticker D, Charwat V, Kasper C, Lepperdinger G. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for stem cell analysis. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:245-53. [PMID: 24726257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The combination of microfabrication-based technologies with cell biology has laid the foundation for the development of advanced in vitro diagnostic systems capable of analyzing cell cultures under physiologically relevant conditions. In the present review, we address recent lab-on-a-chip developments for stem cell analysis. We highlight in particular the tangible advantages of microfluidic devices to overcome most of the challenges associated with stem cell identification, expansion and differentiation, with the greatest advantage being that lab-on-a-chip technology allows for the precise regulation of culturing conditions, while simultaneously monitoring relevant parameters using embedded sensory systems. State-of-the-art lab-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro assessment of stem cell cultures are presented and their potential future applications discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ertl
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Drago Sticker
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Lee R, Jung I, Park M, Ha H, Yoo KH. Real-time monitoring of adipocyte differentiation using a capacitance sensor array. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3410-3416. [PMID: 23839237 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As obesity and its associated metabolic diseases become a worldwide epidemic, the demand for novel anti-obesity agents is increasing. We report a label-free and real-time monitoring method that uses a capacitance sensor array to screen anti-obesity agents. The results for the real-time capacitance of 3T3-L1 cells treated with 12 different chemicals extracted from natural products were consistent with the biochemical indicators of adipogenesis such as the expression of perilipin, the major protein coating the surface of lipid droplets in adipocytes. The data demonstrate that a capacitance change during adipocyte differentiation is closely associated with lipid accumulation in the cells, suggesting that adipocyte differentiation can be monitored in real time. This capacitance sensor might be used for label-free and real-time monitoring of adipocyte differentiation, and may facilitate the development of high throughput screening methods for anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimi Lee
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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28
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Heileman K, Daoud J, Tabrizian M. Dielectric spectroscopy as a viable biosensing tool for cell and tissue characterization and analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:348-59. [PMID: 23796534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of dielectric spectroscopy to carry out real time observations of cells and to extract a wealth of information about their physiological properties has expanded in recent years. This popularity is due to the simple, easy to use, non-invasive and real time nature of dielectric spectroscopy. The ease of integrating dielectric spectroscopy with microfluidic devices has allowed the technology to further expand into biomedical research. Dielectric spectra are obtained by applying an electrical signal to cells, which is swept over a frequency range. This review covers the different methods of interpreting dielectric spectra and progress made in applications of impedance spectroscopy for cell observations. First, methods of obtaining specific electrical properties of cells (cell membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity) are discussed. These electrical properties are obtained by fitting the dielectric spectra to different models and equations. Integrating models to reduce the effects of the electrical double layer are subsequently covered. Impedance platforms are then discussed including electrical cell substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). Categories of ECIS systems are divided into microelectrode arrays, interdigitated electrodes and those that allow differential ECIS measurements. Platforms that allow single cell and sub-single cell measurements are then discussed. Finally, applications of impedance spectroscopy in a range of cell observations are elaborated. These applications include observing cell differentiation, mitosis and the cell cycle and cytotoxicity/cell death. Future applications such as drug screening and in point of care applications are then covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Heileman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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29
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Sanchez B, Bandarenka AS, Vandersteen G, Schoukens J, Bragos R. Novel approach of processing electrical bioimpedance data using differential impedance analysis. Med Eng Phys 2013; 35:1349-57. [PMID: 23601379 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this manuscript is to present a new methodology for real time analysis of time-varying electrical bioimpedance data. The approach assumes that the Fricke-Morse model of living tissues is meaningful and valid within the measured frequency range (10 kHz to 1 MHz). The parameters of this model are estimated in the whole frequency range with the presented method based on differential impedance analysis (DIA). The numerical accuracy of the developed approach has been validated and compared to complex nonlinear least square (CNLS) approach through simulations and also with experimental data from in vivo time-varying human lung tissue bioimpedance. The new developed method has demonstrated a promising performance for fast and easily interpretable information in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sanchez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica, Universitat Politecnica Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.
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30
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Pai S, Verrier F, Sun H, Hu H, Ferrie AM, Eshraghi A, Fang Y. Dynamic Mass Redistribution Assay Decodes Differentiation of a Neural Progenitor Stem Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:1180-91. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057112455059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells hold great potential in drug discovery and development. However, challenges remain to quantitatively measure the functions of stem cells and their differentiated products. Here, we applied fluorescent imaging, quantitative real-time PCR, and label-free dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assays to characterize the differentiation process of the ReNcell VM human neural progenitor stem cell. Immunofluorescence imaging showed that after growth factor withdrawal, the neuroprogenitor stem cell was differentiated into dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, thus creating a neuronal cell system. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the differentiated cell system released dopamine upon depolarization with KCl. In conjunction with quantitative real-time PCR, DMR assays using a G-protein-coupled receptor agonist library revealed that a subset of receptors, including dopamine D1 and D4 receptors, underwent marked alterations in both receptor expression and signaling pathway during the differentiation process. These findings suggest that DMR assays can decode the differentiation process of stem cells at the cell system level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva Pai
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Florence Verrier
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Haibei Hu
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Ann M. Ferrie
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Azita Eshraghi
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Ye Fang
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
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