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Teniou A, Rhouati A, Marty JL. Recent Advances in Biosensors for Diagnosis of Autoimmune Diseases. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1510. [PMID: 38475046 DOI: 10.3390/s24051510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, autoimmune diseases (ADs) have undergone a significant increase because of genetic and/or environmental factors; therefore, their simple and fast diagnosis is of high importance. The conventional diagnostic techniques for ADs require tedious sample preparation, sophisticated instruments, a dedicated laboratory, and qualified personnel. For these reasons, biosensors could represent a useful alternative to these methods. Biosensors are considered to be promising tools that can be used in clinical analysis for an early diagnosis due to their high sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, possible miniaturization (POCT), and potential ability for real-time analysis. In this review, recently developed biosensors for the detection of autoimmune disease biomarkers are discussed. In the first part, we focus on the main AD biomarkers and the current methods of their detection. Then, we discuss the principles and different types of biosensors. Finally, we overview the characteristics of biosensors based on different bioreceptors reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Teniou
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Higher National School of Biotechnology, Constantine 25100, Algeria
| | - Amina Rhouati
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Higher National School of Biotechnology, Constantine 25100, Algeria
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- Laboratoire BAE, Université de Perpignan through Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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2
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Sitkov N, Ryabko A, Moshnikov V, Aleshin A, Kaplun D, Zimina T. Hybrid Impedimetric Biosensors for Express Protein Markers Detection. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:181. [PMID: 38398911 PMCID: PMC10890403 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Impedimetric biosensors represent a powerful and promising tool for studying and monitoring biological processes associated with proteins and can contribute to the development of new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The basic principles, analytical methods, and applications of hybrid impedimetric biosensors for express protein detection in biological fluids are described. The advantages of this type of biosensors, such as simplicity and speed of operation, sensitivity and selectivity of analysis, cost-effectiveness, and an ability to be integrated into hybrid microfluidic systems, are demonstrated. Current challenges and development prospects in this area are analyzed. They include (a) the selection of materials for electrodes and formation of nanostructures on their surface; (b) the development of efficient methods for biorecognition elements' deposition on the electrodes' surface, providing the specificity and sensitivity of biosensing; (c) the reducing of nonspecific binding and interference, which could affect specificity; (d) adapting biosensors to real samples and conditions of operation; (e) expanding the range of detected proteins; and, finally, (f) the development of biosensor integration into large microanalytical system technologies. This review could be useful for researchers working in the field of impedimetric biosensors for protein detection, as well as for those interested in the application of this type of biosensor in biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sitkov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Ryabko
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Moshnikov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Andrey Aleshin
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kaplun
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Department of Automation and Control Processes, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Zimina
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Robinson C, Juska VB, O'Riordan A. Surface chemistry applications and development of immunosensors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116877. [PMID: 37579966 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunosensors are promising alternatives as detection platforms for the current gold standards methods. Electrochemical immunosensors have already proven their capability for the sensitive, selective, detection of target biomarkers specific to COVID-19, varying cancers or Alzheimer's disease, etc. Among the electrochemical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a highly sensitive technique which examines the impedance of an electrochemical cell over a range of frequencies. There are several important critical requirements for the construction of successful impedimetric immunosensor. The applied surface chemistry and immobilisation protocol have impact on the electroanalytical performance of the developed immunosensors. In this Review, we summarise the building blocks of immunosensors based on EIS, including self-assembly monolayers, nanomaterials, polymers, immobilisation protocols and antibody orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Robinson
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP, Cork, Ireland
| | - Vuslat B Juska
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alan O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP, Cork, Ireland.
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Karachaliou CE, Livaniou E. Immunosensors for Autoimmune-Disease-Related Biomarkers: A Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6770. [PMID: 37571553 PMCID: PMC10422610 DOI: 10.3390/s23156770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunosensors are a special class of biosensors that employ specific antibodies for biorecognition of the target analyte. Immunosensors that target disease biomarkers may be exploited as tools for disease diagnosis and/or follow-up, offering several advantages over conventional analytical techniques, such as rapid and easy analysis of patients' samples at the point-of-care. Autoimmune diseases have been increasingly prevalent worldwide in recent years, while the COVID-19 pandemic has also been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, demand for tools enabling the early and reliable diagnosis of autoimmune diseases is expected to increase in the near future. To this end, interest in immunosensors targeting autoimmune disease biomarkers, mainly, various autoantibodies and specific pro-inflammatory proteins (e.g., specific cytokines), has been rekindled. This review article presents most of the immunosensors proposed to date as potential tools for the diagnosis of various autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. The signal transduction and the immunoassay principles of each immunosensor have been suitably classified and are briefly presented along with certain sensor elements, e.g., special nano-sized materials used in the construction of the immunosensing surface. The main concluding remarks are presented and future perspectives of the field are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece;
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Sánchez-Tirado E, Agüí L, Sánchez-Paniagua M, González-Cortés A, López-Ruiz B, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Serum Autoantibody Biomarkers for Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:381. [PMID: 36979593 PMCID: PMC10046368 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that is characterized by the destruction of bone and production of autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). The high prevalence of this disease and the need of affordable tools for its early detection led us to prepare the first electrochemical immunoplatform for the simultaneous determination of four RA biomarkers, the autoantibodies: RF, anti-peptidyl-arginine deiminase enzyme (anti-PAD4), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), and anti-citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV). Functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) were used to immobilize the specific antigens, and sandwich-type immunoassays were implemented for the amperometric detection of the four autoantibodies, using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) system. The immunoplatform was applied to the determination of the biomarkers in human serum of twenty-two patients diagnosed with RA and four healthy individuals, and the results were validated against ELISA tests and the certified values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sánchez-Tirado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Agüí
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Paniagua
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli González-Cortés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Advances in the detection of rheumatoid arthritis related biomarker by highly sensitive electrochemical sensors. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Ben Messaoud N, Barreiros dos Santos M, Trocado V, Nogueira-Silva C, Queirós R. A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor for detection of surfactant protein B in amniotic fluid. Talanta 2023; 251:123744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Blueprint for Impedance-based Electrochemical Biosensors as Bioengineered Tools in the Field of Nano-Diagnostics. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Cho H, Shim S, Cho WW, Cho S, Baek H, Lee SM, Shin DS. Electrochemical Impedance-Based Biosensors for the Label-Free Detection of the Nucleocapsid Protein from SARS-CoV-2. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1676-1684. [PMID: 35653260 PMCID: PMC9211059 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is important because of the emergence and global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used to diagnose COVID-19, but it is time-consuming and requires sending samples to test centers. Thus, the need to detect antigens for rapid on-site diagnosis rather than PCR is increasing. We quantified the nucleocapsid (N) protein in SARS-CoV-2 using an electro-immunosorbent assay (El-ISA) and a multichannel impedance analyzer with a 96-interdigitated microelectrode sensor (ToAD). The El-ISA measures impedance signals from residual detection antibodies after sandwich assays and thus offers highly specific, label-free detection of the N protein with low cross-reactivity. The ToAD sensor enables the real-time electrochemical detection of multiple samples in conventional 96-well plates. The limit of detection for the N protein was 0.1 ng/mL with a detection range up to 10 ng/mL. This system did not detect signals for the S protein. While this study focused on detecting the N protein in SARS-CoV-2, our system can also be widely applicable to detecting various biomolecules involved in antigen-antibody interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cho
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Industry
Collaboration Center, Sookmyung Women’s
University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic
of Korea
| | - Suhyun Shim
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Cho
- Cantis
Inc., Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department
of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseung Baek
- Comprehensive
Dental Care Center, Purme Nexon Children
Rehabilitation Hospital, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03918, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sang-Myung Lee
- Cantis
Inc., Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Shin
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Industry
Collaboration Center, Sookmyung Women’s
University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic
of Korea
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10
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Zhang C, Shi D, Li X, Yuan J. Microfluidic electrochemical magnetoimmunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of interleukin-6 based on hybrid of AuNPs and graphene. Talanta 2021; 240:123173. [PMID: 34999320 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are important factors in the early diagnosis of autoimmune diseases and require high sensitivity, high selectivity and quantitative detection. We proposed a miniaturized electrochemical magneto-immunosensor (EC-MIS) on portable interleukin-6 (IL-6) detection based on this requirement. Firstly, a micro-fabricated working electrode is electrochemically modified with a hybrid of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Increased surface area and enhanced charge transfer rate improve the performance of this immunosensor on sensitivity. Secondly, magnetic beads attached with the capture antibody (cAb) are employed in sandwich immunoassay. This kind of immunoassay is immobilized on the working electrode surface by an external magnet to enrich the analyte IL-6. Thirdly, the last two features are combined and integrated on a microfluidic device in order to restrict the sample at certain areas and ease the operation of detection. With our prototypic EC-MIS operated in amperometric mode, we have achieved the detection of IL-6 with a linear range from 0.97 to 250 pg/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.42 pg/mL. Real serum samples were demonstrated and compared with benchtop equipment's results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiye Zhang
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong.
| | - Dongmin Shi
- Microelectronics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (GZ), Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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11
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Bereli N, Bakhshpour M, Topçu AA, Denizli A. Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Immunosensor for Igm Detection with Gold Nanoparticles. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091092. [PMID: 34577735 PMCID: PMC8468630 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based immunosensor was prepared by the immobilization of the amine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (N-AuNPs) on the sensing surface to sense immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in the aqueous solution and artificial plasma. The characterization studies of SPR based immunosensor for IgM detection were performed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle measurements, and ellipsometry. Kinetic studies for the IgM immunosensor were carried out in the range of 1.0 to 200 ng/mL IgM concentrations in an aqueous solution. The total IgM analysis time including adsorption, desorption, and regeneration cycles was nearly 10 min for the prepared immunosensor. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found as 0.08 and 0.26 ng/mL, respectively. The reusability of the proposed immunosensor was tested with 6 consecutive adsorption-desorption, and regeneration cycles. Also, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was utilized in the validation of the immunosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Bereli
- Chemistry Department, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (N.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Monireh Bakhshpour
- Chemistry Department, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (N.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Aykut Arif Topçu
- Medical Laboratory Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey;
| | - Adil Denizli
- Chemistry Department, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; (N.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-31-297-7983; Fax: +90-312-299-2163
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12
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Anusha T, Bhavani KS, Shanmukha Kumar JV, Brahman PK, Hassan RYA. Fabrication of electrochemical immunosensor based on GCN-β-CD/Au nanocomposite for the monitoring of vitamin D deficiency. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 143:107935. [PMID: 34637962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been clinically considered as a novel biomarker for vitamin D deficiency. The current standard technologies for the detection of 25(OH)D are performed in sophisticated laboratories exhibiting the practical limitations for onsite and affordable testing. Therefore, the development of a cost-effective device for Vitamin D is extremely necessary to provide an earlier diagnosis. Herein, for the first time, we propose a novel label-free impedimetric immunosensor for the detection and quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) biomarker in serum samples based on the Au nanoparticles functionalized GCN-β-CD nanocomposite. To fabricate the sensing probe, Ab-25(OH)D3 antibodies were covalently immobilized on GCN-β-CD@Au/GCE using carbodiimide chemistry. The surface morphology and structural properties of constructed immunosensor were confirmed by different analytical techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS) has been selected as the main detection method to measure the Antibody (Ab) and Antigen (Ag) interaction at the immunosensor surface because it is label-free, less destructive to the activities of the biomolecule, and highly sensitive. The as-prepared immunosensor exhibited an excellent concentration range from 0.1 ng/ml to 500 ng/ml with the lowest limit of detection of 0.01 ng/ml. Furthermore, the sensing probe was validated in serum samples and obtained results were compared with the standard CLIA technique. The results have revealed that the sensing probe could be used for clinical diagnosis of Vitamin D deficiency in the clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tummala Anusha
- Electroanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kalli Sai Bhavani
- Electroanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - J V Shanmukha Kumar
- Electroanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Brahman
- Electroanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
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Prospects and challenges of using electrochemical immunosensors as an alternative detection method for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146239. [PMCID: PMC7934662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Given its potential applications in confronting the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has attracted tremendous attention. Developing a fast, cost-effective, and practical method for SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater is of great significance to facilitate future WBE development. By now, the PCR-based approach serves as the reference method and “gold standard” to detect the virus in wastewater. However, we found a trend that the PCR-based method becomes almost an unshakable choice as more and more studies were published regarding SARS-CoV-2 WBE. Of note, the importance of exploring new, alternative approaches for SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater should not be underestimated. In this context, the prospect of using electrochemical immunosensors as the alternative detection method was investigated in this survey. Based on the previous efforts towards different virus immunoassay studies and newly published PCR-based COVD-19 WBE works, this survey provides new insights into the electrochemical immunoassay that have been widely adopted in body fluids virus detection, along with an extensive discussion of the detection mechanism, detection performance, past performances, current efforts, and potential challenges with wastewater detection. In the end, this survey concludes that using electrochemical immunosensors to analyze SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples quantitatively may have better feasibility and practicability than using the conventional PCR-based approach, especially when considering its fast detection, ease of miniaturization, and potential on-site measurement.
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Han E, Zhang Y, Cai J, Zhang X. Development of Highly Sensitive Immunosensor for Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Based on AuPdPt Trimetallic Nanoparticles Functionalized Nanocomposite. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:446. [PMID: 33923429 PMCID: PMC8073404 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is essential to ensure food safety and protect humans from foodborne diseases. In this study, a sensitive and facile electrochemical immunosensor using AuPdPt trimetallic nanoparticles functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-AuPdPt) as the signal amplification platform was designed for the label-free detection of S. aureus. The nanocomposite of MWCNTs-AuPdPt was prepared by an in situ growth method of loading AuPdPt trimetallic nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs. The synthesized MWCNTs-AuPdPt featured good conductivity and superior catalytic performance for hydrogen peroxide. The nanocomposite of MWCNTs-AuPdPt with good biocompatibility and high specific surface area was further functionalized by anti-S. aureus antibodies. The immobilized antibodies could efficiently capture S. aureus to the modified electrode by an immune reaction, which resulted in the change of catalytic current intensity to realize the sensitive detection of S. aureus. The designed immunosensor could detect S. aureus in a linear range from 1.1 × 102 to 1.1 × 107 CFU mL-1 with a low detection limit of 39 CFU mL-1. Additionally, the proposed immunosensor was successfully applied to determine S. aureus in actual samples with acceptable results. This strategy provided a promising platform for highly sensitive determination of S. aureus and other pathogens in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (X.Z.)
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15
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Relationships of Rheumatoid Factor with Thickness of Retina and Choroid in Subjects without Ocular Symptoms Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5547533. [PMID: 33834078 PMCID: PMC8016561 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5547533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Researches have confirmed that the retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with autoimmune disease-associated uveitis displays significant changes. However, the relationships between rheumatoid factor (RF) and thickness of the retina and choroid in individuals without ocular manifestations remain unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the associations of RF with retinal and choroidal thickness. Methods The individuals enrolled in the cross-sectional research received full ocular examinations. The participants were classified as the RF (+) group (RF ≥ 15.0 IU/ml) and the RF (−) group (RF < 15.0 IU/ml) according to the serum RF titers. The thickness of the retina and choroid was measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Results The study covered 65 right eyes of 65 individuals that are RF-positive and 130 right eyes of 130 age- and sex-matched individuals that are RF-negative. The RF (+) group showed decreased choroidal thickness that achieved statistical significance only in the outer inferior and outer temporal sectors, as compared to the RF (−) group. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the retinal thickness between the two groups. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the RF was significantly negatively related to the choroidal thickness in all areas. However, there was no significant correlation between the RF and the retinal thickness. Conclusions Serum RF titers are closely linked with choroidal thickness before the emergence of ocular symptoms. Research into the relationships may improve our understanding of the role of serum RF in the pathogenesis of uveitis.
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Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Early Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomarker: Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody in Human Serum Based on Avidin-Biotin System. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010124. [PMID: 33379138 PMCID: PMC7795521 DOI: 10.3390/s21010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that produces a progressive inflammatory response that leads to severe pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints of hands and feet, followed by irreversible damage of the joints. The authors developed a miniaturized, label-free electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for the sensitive and direct detection of arthritis Anti-CCP-ab biomarker. An interdigitated-chain-shaped microelectrode array (ICE) was fabricated by taking the advantage of microelectromechanical systems. The fabricated ICE was modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA) for immobilization of the synthetic peptide bio-receptor (B-CCP). The B-CCP was attached onto the surface of SAM modified ICE through a strong avidin-biotin bio-recognition system. The modified ICE surface with the SAM and bio-molecules (Avidin, B-CCP, Anti-CCP-ab and BSA) was morphologically and electrochemically characterized. The change in the sensor signal upon analyte binding on the electrode surface was probed through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) property of charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of the modified electrodes. EIS measurements were target specific and the sensor response was linearly increased with step wise increase in target analyte (Anti-CCP-ab) concentrations. The developed sensor showed a linear range for the addition of Anti-CCP-ab between 1 IU mL−1 → 800 IU mL−1 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and Human serum (HS), respectively. The sensor showed a limit of detection of 0.60 IU mL−1 and 0.82 IU mL−1 in the PBS and HS, respectively. The develop bio-electrode showed a good reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD), 1.52%), selectivity and stability (1.5% lost at the end of 20th day) with an acceptable recovery rate (98.0% → 101.18%) and % RSD’s for the detection of Anti-CCP-ab in spiked HS samples.
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Khan M, Hasan M, Hossain S, Ahommed M, Daizy M. Ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic viruses with electrochemical biosensor: State of the art. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112431. [PMID: 32862842 PMCID: PMC7363606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Last few decades, viruses are a real menace to human safety. Therefore, the rapid identification of viruses should be one of the best ways to prevent an outbreak and important implications for medical healthcare. The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus which belongs to the single-stranded, positive-strand RNA viruses. The pandemic dimension spread of COVID-19 poses a severe threat to the health and lives of seven billion people worldwide. There is a growing urgency worldwide to establish a point-of-care device for the rapid detection of COVID-19 to prevent subsequent secondary spread. Therefore, the need for sensitive, selective, and rapid diagnostic devices plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments and to prevent the epidemics. During the last decade, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as reliable analytical devices and represent a new promising tool for the detection of different pathogenic viruses. This review summarizes the state of the art of different virus detection with currently available electrochemical detection methods. Moreover, this review discusses different fabrication techniques, detection principles, and applications of various virus biosensors. Future research also looks at the use of electrochemical biosensors regarding a potential detection kit for the rapid identification of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.Z.H. Khan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - M.R. Hasan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh,Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - S.I. Hossain
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4 – 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M.S. Ahommed
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - M. Daizy
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
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Abstract
In recent years, advances in immunosensor device fabrication have significantly expanded the use of this technology in a broad range of applications including clinical diagnosis, food analysis, quality control, environmental studies and industrial monitoring. The most important aspect in fabrication is to obtain a design that provides a low detection limit. The utilization of nanomaterials as a label, catalyst and biosensing transducer is, perhaps, the most popular approach in ultrasensitive devices. This chapter reviews recent advances in immunosensor fabrication and summarizes the most recent studies. Strategies employed to significantly improve sensitivity and specificity of immunosensor technology and the advantages and limitations thereof are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Aydin
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Elif Burcu Aydin
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Cordeiro TAR, Martins HR, Franco DL, Santos FLN, Celedon PAF, Cantuária VL, de Lana M, Reis AB, Ferreira LF. Impedimetric immunosensor for rapid and simultaneous detection of chagas and visceral leishmaniasis for point of care diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112573. [PMID: 32905944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a dual detection system based on an impedimetric immunosensor was developed for the first time for the simultaneous detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in human and dog serum samples. The IBMP 8.1 and rLci1A/rLci2B recombinant antigens were immobilized over the surface of dual screen-printed carbon electrodes (W1 and W2) modified with poly (4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid). Under optimized conditions, the immunosensor recognized specific interactions for anti-T. cruzi antibodies up to a dilution of 1:10,240 and for anti-L. infantum up to 1:5120 in canine serum samples. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 2.8% for W1 and 3.6% for W2 were obtained for T. cruzi (W1) and L. infantum antigen (W2) samples in three different electrodes for 3 days (n = 9). The immunosensor was stored at 4 °C for 8 weeks, with activity retention of 70.2% in W1 and 78.2% in W2. The results using the recombinant proteins revealed that all antigens discriminated between negative and positive samples (p < 0.0001) in both dog and human groups, as well as no cross-reactivity could be detected among sera with other infections. With this approach, immunosensor-based diagnostic tests achieved 100% accuracy, suggesting that the antigens are eligible to enter Phase-II studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Aparecida Reis Cordeiro
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helen Rodrigues Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego Leoni Franco
- Institute of Chemistry, Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors, Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Lopes Cantuária
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta de Lana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Franco Ferreira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Yagati AK, Ngoc Le HT, Cho S. Bioelectrocatalysis of Hemoglobin on Electrodeposited Ag Nanoflowers toward H 2O 2 Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1628. [PMID: 32825146 PMCID: PMC7557759 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a partially reduced metabolite of oxygen that exerts a diverse array of physiological and pathological activities in living organisms. Therefore, the accurate quantitative determination of H2O2 is crucial in clinical diagnostics, the food industry, and environmental monitoring. Herein we report the electrosynthesis of silver nanoflowers (AgNFs) on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes for direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) toward the selective quantification of H2O2. After well-ordered and fully-grown AgNFs were created on an ITO substrate by electrodeposition, their morphological and optical properties were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Hb was immobilized on 3-mercaptopropionic acid-coated AgNFs through carbodiimide cross-linking to form an Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor. Electrochemical measurement and analysis demonstrated that Hb retained its direct electron transfer and electrocatalytic properties and acted as a H2O2 sensor with a detection limit of 0.12 µM and a linear detection range of 0.2 to 3.4 mM in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The sensitivity, detection limit, and detection range of the Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor toward detection H2O2 in human serum was also found to be 0.730 mA mM-1 cm-2, 90 µM, and 0.2 to 2.6 mM, indicating the clinical application for the H2O2 detection of the Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor. Moreover, interference experiments revealed that the Hb/AgNF/ITO sensor displayed excellent selectivity for H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Yagati
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Hien T. Ngoc Le
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13210, Korea;
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13210, Korea;
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Guerrero S, Sánchez-Tirado E, Martínez-García G, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Electrochemical biosensor for the simultaneous determination of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in human serum. Analyst 2020; 145:4680-4687. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A dual electrochemical biosensor for the simultaneous determination of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCPA) autoantibodies used as biomarkers for the detection of rheumatoid arthritis autoimmune disease is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guerrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Esther Sánchez-Tirado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Araceli González-Cortés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University Complutense of Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
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