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López Marzo AM. Techniques for characterizing biofunctionalized surfaces for bioanalysis purposes. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116599. [PMID: 39111251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Surface biofunctionalization is an essential stage in the preparation of any bioassay affecting its analytical performance. However, a complete characterization of the biofunctionalized surface, considering studies of coverage density, distribution and orientation of biomolecules, layer thickness, and target biorecognition efficiency, is not met most of the time. This review is a critical overview of the main techniques and strategies used for characterizing biofunctionalized surfaces and the process in between. Emphasis is given to scanning force microscopies as the most versatile and suitable tools to evaluate the quality of the biofunctionalized surfaces in real-time dynamic experiments, highlighting the helpful of atomic force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, electrochemical atomic force microscopy and photo-induced force microscopy. Other techniques such as optical and electronic microscopies, quartz crystal microbalance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and electrochemical techniques, are also discussed regarding their advantages and disadvantages in addressing the whole characterization of the biomodified surface. Scarce reviews point out the importance of practicing an entire characterization of the biofunctionalized surfaces. This is the first review that embraces this topic discussing a wide variety of characterization tools applied in any bioanalysis platform developed to detect both clinical and environmental analytes. This survey provides information to the analysts on the applications, strengths, and weaknesses of the techniques discussed here to extract fruitful insights from them. The aim is to prompt and help the analysts to accomplish an entire assessment of the biofunctionalized surface, and profit from the information obtained to enhance the bioanalysis output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaris M López Marzo
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Xu J, Zhang P, Chen Y. Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors: A Review of Molecular Imaging with High Spatial Resolution. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:84. [PMID: 38392003 PMCID: PMC10886473 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a powerful tool for determining molecular interactions quantitatively. SPR imaging (SPRi) further improves the throughput of SPR technology and provides the spatially resolved capability for observing the molecular interaction dynamics in detail. SPRi is becoming more and more popular in biological and chemical sensing and imaging. However, SPRi suffers from low spatial resolution due to the imperfect optical components and delocalized features of propagating surface plasmonic waves along the surface. Diverse kinds of approaches have been developed to improve the spatial resolution of SPRi, which have enormously impelled the development of the methodology and further extended its possible applications. In this minireview, we introduce the mechanisms for building a high-spatial-resolution SPRi system and present its experimental schemes from prism-coupled SPRi and SPR microscopy (SPRM) to surface plasmonic scattering microscopy (SPSM); summarize its exciting applications, including molecular interaction analysis, molecular imaging and profiling, tracking of single entities, and analysis of single cells; and discuss its challenges in recent decade as well as the promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Sun X, Wang X, Wang F, Cao Y, Ding X, Dou Y, Gu J, Sun X, Liu H, Lu X, Yu H, Huang C. Reconstruction Filters Improving the Spatial Resolution and Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:636-641. [PMID: 38175158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Benefitting from high sensitivity, real-time, and label-free imaging, surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) has become a powerful tool for dynamic detection of nanoparticles. However, the evanescent propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) induces interference between scattered and launched SPPs, which deteriorates the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Due to the simplicity and fast processing, image reconstruction based on deconvolution has shown the feasibility of improving the spatial resolution of SPRM imaging. Retrieving the particle scattering from SPRM interference imaging by filters is crucial for reconstruction. In this work, we illustrate the effect of filters extracting SPP scattering of nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes for reconstruction. The results indicate that the optimum filters are determined by the material of nanoparticles instead of particle sizes. The reconstruction of single Au and PS nanospheres as well as Ag nanowires with optimum filters is achieved. The reconstructed spatial resolution is improved to 254 nm, and the SNR is increased by 8.1 times. Our research improves the quality of SPRM imaging and provides a reliable method for fast detection of particles with diverse sizes and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Sun
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Wang
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wang
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yitao Cao
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ding
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingjie Dou
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Gu
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuqing Sun
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinchao Lu
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- E-health Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Recent advances in surface plasmon resonance imaging and biological applications. Talanta 2023; 255:124213. [PMID: 36584617 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) is a robust technique for visualizing refractive index changes, which enables researchers to observe interactions between nanoscale objects in an imaging manner. In the past period, scholars have been attracted by the Prism-Coupled and Non-prism Coupled configurations of SPRI and have published numerous experimental results. This review describes the principle of SPRI and discusses recent developments in Prism-Coupled and Non-prism Coupled SPRI techniques in detail, respectively. And then, major advances in biological applications of SPRI are reviewed, including four sub-fields (cells, viruses, bacteria, exosomes, and biomolecules). The purpose is to briefly summarize the recent advances of SPRI and provide an outlook on the development of SPRI in various fields.
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Yang X, Zhang Z, Su M, Song Y. Research Progress on Nano Photonics Technology-based SARS-CoV-2 Detection※. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Localized Surface Plasmon Fields Manipulation on Nanostructures Using Wavelength Shifting. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanowires have been utilized as a platform for propagating surface plasmon (SPs) fields. To be exploited for applications such as plasmonic circuits, manipulation of localized field propagating pattern is also important. In this study, we calculated the field distributions of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) on the specifically shaped nanostructures and explored the feasibility of manipulating LSP fields. Specifically, plasmonic fields were calculated at different wavelengths for a nanoscale rod array (I-shaped), an array connected with two nanoscale rods at right angles (T-shaped), and an array with three nanoscale rods at 120° to each other (Y-shaped). Three different types of nanostructures are suggested to manipulate the positions of LSP fields collaborating with adjustment of wavelength, polarization, and incident orientation of light source. The results of this study are important not only for the understanding of the wavelength-dependent surface plasmon field localization mechanism but also for the applicability of swept source-based plasmonic techniques or designing a plasmonic circuit.
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Plasmonic sensing, imaging, and stimulation techniques for neuron studies. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 182:113150. [PMID: 33774432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies to understand the structure, functions, and electrophysiological properties of neurons have been conducted at the frontmost end of neuroscience. Such studies have led to the active development of high-performance research tools for exploring the neurobiology at the cellular and molecular level. Following this trend, research and application of plasmonics, which is a technology employed in high-sensitivity optical biosensors and high-resolution imaging, is essential for studying neurons, as plasmonic nanoprobes can be used to stimulate specific areas of cells. In this study, three plasmonic modalities were explored as tools to study neurons and their responses: (1) plasmonic sensing of neuronal activities and neuron-related chemicals; (2) performance-improved optical imaging of neurons using plasmonic enhancements; and (3) plasmonic neuromodulations. Through a detailed investigation of these plasmonic modalities and research subjects that can be combined with them, it was confirmed that plasmonic sensing, imaging, and stimulation techniques have the potential to be effectively employed for the study of neurons and understanding their specific molecular activities.
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Dou J, Dai S, Dong C, Zhang J, Di J, Zhao J. Dual-channel illumination surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy for resolution improvement. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1604-1607. [PMID: 33793498 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy (SPRHM), combining digital holographic microscopy with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), can simultaneously obtain the amplitude and phase distributions of the reflected beam carrying specimen information in SPR. Due to the decaying length of the surface plasmon wave as large as tens of micrometers, the spatial resolution of SPRHM is lower than that of ordinary optical microscopes. In this work, we propose a scheme to improve the spatial resolution of SPRHM by applying dual-channel SPR excitations. Through the polarization multiplexing technique, two holograms carrying the information of SPR excited in orthogonal directions are simultaneously acquired. Via a numerical reconstruction and filtering algorithm for holograms, the lateral spatial resolution of SPRHM can be effectively enhanced to reach nearly 1 µm at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. This is comparable to the resolution of traditional optical microscopes, while possessing the advantages of wide-field imaging and high measurement sensitivity of SPR.
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Real-time and wide-field mapping of cell-substrate adhesion gap and its evolution via surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 174:112826. [PMID: 33262060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common biological phenomena, cell adhesion plays a vital role in the cellular activities such as the growth and apoptosis, attracting tremendous research interests over the past decades. Taking the cell evolution under drug injection as an example, the dynamics of cell-substrate adhesion gap can provide valuable information in the fundamental research of cell contacts. A robust technique of monitoring the cell adhesion gap and its evolution in real time is highly desired. Herein, we develop a surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy to achieve the novel functionality of real-time and wide-field mapping of the cell-substrate adhesion gap and its evolution in situ. The cell adhesion gap images of mouse osteoblast cells and human breast cancer cells have been effectively extracted in a dynamic and label-free manner. The proposed technique opens up a new avenue of revealing the cell-substrate interaction mechanism and renders the wide applications in the biosensing area.
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