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Kirst H. How model guided photosynthetic bioengineering can help to feed the world. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1276-1278. [PMID: 37930822 PMCID: PMC10904310 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kirst
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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2
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Gu L. Optimizing the electron transport chain to sustainably improve photosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2398-2412. [PMID: 37671674 PMCID: PMC10663115 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically improving photosynthesis is a key strategy to boosting crop production to meet the rising demand for food and fuel by a rapidly growing global population in a warming climate. Many components of the photosynthetic apparatus have been targeted for genetic modification for improving photosynthesis. Successful translation of these modifications into increased plant productivity in fluctuating environments will depend on whether the electron transport chain (ETC) can support the increased electron transport rate without risking overreduction and photodamage. At present atmospheric conditions, the ETC appears suboptimal and will likely need to be modified to support proposed photosynthetic improvements and to maintain energy balance. Here, I derive photochemical equations to quantify the transport capacity and the corresponding reduction level based on the kinetics of redox reactions along the ETC. Using these theoretical equations and measurements from diverse C3/C4 species across environments, I identify several strategies that can simultaneously increase the transport capacity and decrease the reduction level of the ETC. These strategies include increasing the abundances of reaction centers, cytochrome b6f complexes, and mobile electron carriers, improving their redox kinetics, and decreasing the fraction of secondary quinone-nonreducing photosystem II reaction centers. I also shed light on several previously unexplained experimental findings regarding the physiological impacts of the abundances of the cytochrome b6f complex and plastoquinone. The model developed, and the insights generated from it facilitate the development of sustainable photosynthetic systems for greater crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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3
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Liu X, Qiao Y, Zhou W, Dong W, Gu L. Determinants of photochemical characteristics of the photosynthetic electron transport chain of maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1279963. [PMID: 38053761 PMCID: PMC10694277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC) is the bridge that links energy harvesting during the photophysical reactions at one end and energy consumption during the biochemical reactions at the other. Its functioning is thus fundamental for the proper balance between energy supply and demand in photosynthesis. Currently, there is a lack of understanding regarding how the structural properties of the ETC are affected by nutrient availability and plant developmental stages, which is a major roadblock to comprehensive modeling of photosynthesis. Methods Redox parameters reflect the structural controls of ETC on the photochemical reactions and electron transport. We conducted joint measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and gas exchange under systematically varying environmental conditions and growth stages of maize and sampled foliar nutrient contents. We utilized the recently developed steady-state photochemical model to infer redox parameters of electron transport from these measurements. Results and discussion We found that the inferred values of these photochemical redox parameters varied with leaf macronutrient content. These variations may be caused either directly by these nutrients being components of protein complexes on the ETC or indirectly by their impacts on the structural integrity of the thylakoid and feedback from the biochemical reactions. Also, the redox parameters varied with plant morphology and developmental stage, reflecting seasonal changes in the structural properties of the ETC. Our findings will facilitate the parameterization and simulation of complete models of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wangming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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4
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Garab G, Magyar M, Sipka G, Lambrev PH. New foundations for the physical mechanism of variable chlorophyll a fluorescence. Quantum efficiency versus the light-adapted state of photosystem II. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5458-5471. [PMID: 37410874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) uses solar energy to oxidize water and delivers electrons to fix CO2. Although the structure at atomic resolution and the basic photophysical and photochemical functions of PSII are well understood, many important questions remain. The activity of PSII in vitro and in vivo is routinely monitored by recording the induction kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF). According to the 'mainstream' model, the rise from the minimum level (Fo) to the maximum (Fm) of ChlF of dark-adapted PSII reflects the closure of all functionally active reaction centers, and the Fv/Fm ratio is equated with the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (where Fv=Fm-Fo). However, this model has never been free of controversies. Recent experimental data from a number of studies have confirmed that the first single-turnover saturating flash (STSF), which generates the closed state (PSIIC), produces F1
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Melinda Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Sipka G, Nagy L, Magyar M, Akhtar P, Shen JR, Holzwarth AR, Lambrev PH, Garab G. Light-induced reversible reorganizations in closed Type II reaction centre complexes: physiological roles and physical mechanisms. Open Biol 2022; 12:220297. [PMID: 36514981 PMCID: PMC9748786 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to outline our understanding of the nature, mechanism and physiological significance of light-induced reversible reorganizations in closed Type II reaction centre (RC) complexes. In the so-called 'closed' state, purple bacterial RC (bRC) and photosystem II (PSII) RC complexes are incapable of generating additional stable charge separation. Yet, upon continued excitation they display well-discernible changes in their photophysical and photochemical parameters. Substantial stabilization of their charge-separated states has been thoroughly documented-uncovering light-induced reorganizations in closed RCs and revealing their physiological importance in gradually optimizing the operation of the photosynthetic machinery during the dark-to-light transition. A range of subtle light-induced conformational changes has indeed been detected experimentally in different laboratories using different bRC and PSII-containing preparations. In general, the presently available data strongly suggest similar structural dynamics of closed bRC and PSII RC complexes, and similar physical mechanisms, in which dielectric relaxation processes and structural memory effects of proteins are proposed to play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - L. Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary,Institute of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - M. Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - P. Akhtar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J.-R. Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan,Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - A. R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - P. H. Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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6
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Ferroni L, Živčak M, Kovar M, Colpo A, Pancaldi S, Allakhverdiev SI, Brestič M. Fast chlorophyll a fluorescence induction (OJIP) phenotyping of chlorophyll-deficient wheat suggests that an enlarged acceptor pool size of Photosystem I helps compensate for a deregulated photosynthetic electron flow. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112549. [PMID: 36049286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The wheat lines affected by a decrease in the leaf chlorophyll content typically experience a biomass loss. A known major problem of the chlorophyll-deficient wheat mutants is their limited prevention of Photosystem I (PSI) over-reduction brought about by an insufficient cyclic electron flow, potentially exposing them to a higher sensitivity to light fluctuations. However, the resistance of some mutant lines against fluctuating light suggests the occurrence of regulatory processes compensating for the defect in cyclic electron flow. In this study, a phenotyping approach based on fast chlorophyll a fluorescence induction (OJIP transient), corroborated by P700 redox kinetics, was applied to a collection of chlorophyll-deficient wheat lines, grown under continuous or fluctuating light. Quantitative parameters calculated from the OJIP transient are considered informative about Photosystem II (PSII) functional antenna size and photochemistry, as well as the functioning of the entire photosynthetic electron transport chain. The mutants tended to recover a wild-type-like chlorophyll content, and mature plants could hardly be distinguished based on their effective PSII antenna size. Nevertheless, specific OJIP-derived parameters were strongly correlated with the phenotype severity, in particular the amplitude of the I-P phase and the I-P/J-P amplitude ratio, which are indicative of a more capacitive pool of PSI final electron acceptors (ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase, FNR). We propose that the enlargement of such pool of electron carriers is a compensatory response operating at the acceptor side of PSI to alleviate potentially harmful over-reduced states of PSI. Our results also suggest that, in chlorophyll-deficient mutants, higher FV /FM cannot prove a superior PSII photochemistry and wider I-P phase is not indicative of a higher relative content of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Živčak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Kovar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Colpo
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Marian Brestič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia.
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7
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Sipka G, Magyar M, Mezzetti A, Akhtar P, Zhu Q, Xiao Y, Han G, Santabarbara S, Shen JR, Lambrev PH, Garab G. Light-adapted charge-separated state of photosystem II: structural and functional dynamics of the closed reaction center. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1286-1302. [PMID: 33793891 PMCID: PMC8225241 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) uses solar energy to oxidize water and delivers electrons for life on Earth. The photochemical reaction center of PSII is known to possess two stationary states. In the open state (PSIIO), the absorption of a single photon triggers electron-transfer steps, which convert PSII into the charge-separated closed state (PSIIC). Here, by using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques on Spinacia oleracea and Thermosynechococcus vulcanus preparations, we show that additional illumination gradually transforms PSIIC into a light-adapted charge-separated state (PSIIL). The PSIIC-to-PSIIL transition, observed at all temperatures between 80 and 308 K, is responsible for a large part of the variable chlorophyll-a fluorescence (Fv) and is associated with subtle, dark-reversible reorganizations in the core complexes, protein conformational changes at noncryogenic temperatures, and marked variations in the rates of photochemical and photophysical reactions. The build-up of PSIIL requires a series of light-induced events generating rapidly recombining primary radical pairs, spaced by sufficient waiting times between these events-pointing to the roles of local electric-field transients and dielectric relaxation processes. We show that the maximum fluorescence level, Fm, is associated with PSIIL rather than with PSIIC, and thus the Fv/Fm parameter cannot be equated with the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry. Our findings resolve the controversies and explain the peculiar features of chlorophyll-a fluorescence kinetics, a tool to monitor the functional activity and the structural-functional plasticity of PSII in different wild-types and mutant organisms and under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G�bor Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Universit� Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de R�activit� de Surface UMR 7197, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xiao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthetic Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Milano, Italy
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Author for correspondence: (G.G.), (P.H.L.)
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Author for correspondence: (G.G.), (P.H.L.)
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8
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Monda H, McKenna AM, Fountain R, Lamar RT. Bioactivity of Humic Acids Extracted From Shale Ore: Molecular Characterization and Structure-Activity Relationship With Tomato Plant Yield Under Nutritional Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:660224. [PMID: 34122481 PMCID: PMC8195337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.660224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demands for biostimulants in the agricultural market over the last years have posed the problem of regulating this product category by requiring the industry to make available the information about efficacy and safety, including the explanation of mode of action and the definition of bioactive constituents. In the present study, we tested the biostimulant proprieties of a sedimentary shale ore-extracted humic acid (HA) on Micro Tom tomato plants under increasing nutritional stress and investigated the correlation with the chemical features of HA by means of ultra-high resolution FT-ICR MS, FT-ATR, and 13C-NMR. Humic acid application proved effective in alleviating the nutritional stress by improving nutrient use efficiency, with results comparable to the control treatment supplied with higher NPK nutrition. Increased yield (up to +19%) and fruit quality (in the range +10-24%), higher ascorbic acid content and a better root growth were the main parameters affected by HA application. Molecular-level characterization identified the possible chemical drivers of bioactivity, and included flavonoids, quinones, and alkaloids among the most represented molecules, some of which exhibiting antioxidant, pro-oxidant, and antimicrobial activity. The redox effect was discussed as a determinant of the delicate homeostasis balance, capable of triggering plant defense response and eventually inducing a protective priming effect on the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiarhi Monda
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | - Amy M. McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Facility, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Fountain
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | - Richard T. Lamar
- Humic R&D Lab, Bio Huma Netics, Inc., Gilbert, AZ, United States
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9
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Sukhova EM, Vodeneev VA, Sukhov VS. Mathematical Modeling of Photosynthesis and Analysis of Plant Productivity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747821010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Klementiev KE, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Model quantification of the light-induced thylakoid membrane processes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in vivo and after exposure to radioactive irradiation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:259-278. [PMID: 32734447 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of OJIP-SMT patterns of fluorescence induction (FI) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) cells on a time scale up to several minutes were mathematically treated within the framework of thylakoid membrane (T-M) model (Belyaeva et al., Photosynth Res 140:1-19, 2019) that was renewed to account for the state transitions effects. Principles of describing electron transfer in reaction centers of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI) and cytochrome b6f complex remained unchanged, whereas parameters for dissipative reactions of non-radiative charge recombination were altered depending on the oxidation state of QB-site (neutral, reduced by one electron, empty, reduced by two electrons). According to our calculations, the initial content of plastoquinol (PQH2) in the total quinone pool of Synechocystis cells adapted to darkness for 10 min ranged between 20 and 40%. The results imply that the PQ pool mediates photosynthetic and respiratory charge flows. The redistribution of PBS antenna units responsible for the increase of Chl fluorescence in cyanobacteria (qT2 → 1) upon state 2 → 1 transition or the fluorescence lowering (qT1 → 2) due to state 1 → 2 transition were described in the model by exponential functions. Parameters of dynamically changed effective cross section were found by means of simulations of OJIP-SMT patterns observed on Synechocystis cells upon strong (3000 μmol photons m-2s-1) and moderate (1000 μmol photons m-2s-1) actinic light intensities. The corresponding light constant values kLΣAnt = 1.2 ms-1 and 0.4 ms-1 define the excitation of total antenna pool dynamically redistributed between PSII and PSI reaction centers. Although the OCP-induced quenching of antenna excitation is not involved in the model, the main features of the induction signals have been satisfactorily explained. In the case of strong illumination, the effective cross section decreases by approximately 33% for irradiated Synechocystis cells as compared to untreated cells. Under moderate light, the irradiated Synechocystis cells showed in simulations the same cross section as the untreated cells. The thylakoid model renewed with state transitions description allowed simulation of fluorescence induction OJIP-SMT curves detected on time scale from microseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Stirbet A, Lazár D, Guo Y, Govindjee G. Photosynthesis: basics, history and modelling. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:511-537. [PMID: 31641747 PMCID: PMC7489092 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With limited agricultural land and increasing human population, it is essential to enhance overall photosynthesis and thus productivity. Oxygenic photosynthesis begins with light absorption, followed by excitation energy transfer to the reaction centres, primary photochemistry, electron and proton transport, NADPH and ATP synthesis, and then CO2 fixation (Calvin-Benson cycle, as well as Hatch-Slack cycle). Here we cover some of the discoveries related to this process, such as the existence of two light reactions and two photosystems connected by an electron transport 'chain' (the Z-scheme), chemiosmotic hypothesis for ATP synthesis, water oxidation clock for oxygen evolution, steps for carbon fixation, and finally the diverse mechanisms of regulatory processes, such as 'state transitions' and 'non-photochemical quenching' of the excited state of chlorophyll a. SCOPE In this review, we emphasize that mathematical modelling is a highly valuable tool in understanding and making predictions regarding photosynthesis. Different mathematical models have been used to examine current theories on diverse photosynthetic processes; these have been validated through simulation(s) of available experimental data, such as chlorophyll a fluorescence induction, measured with fluorometers using continuous (or modulated) exciting light, and absorbance changes at 820 nm (ΔA820) related to redox changes in P700, the reaction centre of photosystem I. CONCLUSIONS We highlight here the important role of modelling in deciphering and untangling complex photosynthesis processes taking place simultaneously, as well as in predicting possible ways to obtain higher biomass and productivity in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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12
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A mechanism of expansion: Arctic deciduous shrubs capitalize on warming-induced nutrient availability. Oecologia 2020; 192:671-685. [PMID: 32052180 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Warming-induced nutrient enrichment in the Arctic may lead to shifts in leaf-level physiological properties and processes with potential consequences for plant community dynamics and ecosystem function. To explore the physiological responses of Arctic tundra vegetation to increasing nutrient availability, we examined how a set of leaf nutrient and physiological characteristics of eight plant species (representing four plant functional groups) respond to a gradient of experimental nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment. Specifically, we examined a set of chlorophyll fluorescence measures related to photosynthetic efficiency, performance and stress, and two leaf nutrient traits (leaf %C and %N), across an experimental nutrient gradient at the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research site, located in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska. In addition, we explicitly assessed the direct relationships between chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf %N. We found significant differences in physiological and nutrient traits between species and plant functional groups, and we found that species within one functional group (deciduous shrubs) have significantly greater leaf %N at high levels of nutrient addition. In addition, we found positive, saturating relationships between leaf %N and chlorophyll fluorescence measures across all species. Our results highlight species-specific differences in leaf nutrient traits and physiology in this ecosystem. In particular, the effects of a gradient of nutrient enrichment were most prominent in deciduous plant species, the plant functional group known to be increasing in relative abundance with warming in this ecosystem.
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13
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Sipka G, Müller P, Brettel K, Magyar M, Kovács L, Zhu Q, Xiao Y, Han G, Lambrev PH, Shen JR, Garab G. Redox transients of P680 associated with the incremental chlorophyll-a fluorescence yield rises elicited by a series of saturating flashes in diuron-treated photosystem II core complex of Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:22-32. [PMID: 30790299 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent chlorophyll-a fluorescence yield measurements, using single-turnover saturating flashes (STSFs), have revealed the involvement of a rate-limiting step in the reactions following the charge separation induced by the first flash. As also shown here, in diuron-inhibited PSII core complexes isolated from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus the fluorescence maximum could only be reached by a train of STSFs. In order to elucidate the origin of the fluorescence yield increments in STSF series, we performed transient absorption measurements at 819 nm, reflecting the photooxidation and re-reduction kinetics of the primary electron donor P680. Upon single flash excitation of the dark-adapted sample, the decay kinetics could be described with lifetimes of 17 ns (∼50%) and 167 ns (∼30%), and a longer-lived component (∼20%). This kinetics are attributed to re-reduction of P680•+ by the donor side of PSII. In contrast, upon second-flash (with Δt between 5 μs and 100 ms) or repetitive excitation, the 819 nm absorption changes decayed with lifetimes of about 2 ns (∼60%) and 10 ns (∼30%), attributed to recombination of the primary radical pair P680•+ Pheo•- , and a small longer-lived component (∼10%). These data confirm that only the first STSF is capable of generating stable charge separation - leading to the reduction of QA ; and thus, the fluorescence yield increments elicited by the consecutive flashes must have a different physical origin. Our double-flash experiments indicate that the rate-limiting steps, detected by chlorophyll-a fluorescence, are not correlated with the turnover of P680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Photosynthetic Membranes, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pavel Müller
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Klaus Brettel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Melinda Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Photosynthetic Membranes, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Photosynthetic Membranes, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xiao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Photosynthetic Membranes, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Photosynthetic Membranes, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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14
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Analyzing both the fast and the slow phases of chlorophyll a fluorescence and P700 absorbance changes in dark-adapted and preilluminated pea leaves using a Thylakoid Membrane model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:1-19. [PMID: 30810971 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dark-to-light transitions enable energization of the thylakoid membrane (TM), which is reflected in fast and slow (OJIPSMT or OABCDE) stages of fluorescence induction (FI) and P700 oxidoreduction changes (ΔA810). A Thylakoid Membrane model (T-M model), in which special emphasis has been placed on ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase (FNR) activation and energy-dependent qE quenching, was applied for quantifying the kinetics of FI and ΔA810. Pea leaves were kept in darkness for 15 min and then the FI and ΔA810 signals were measured upon actinic illumination, applied either directly or after a 10-s light pulse coupled with a subsequent 10-s dark interval. On the time scale from 40 µs to 30 s, the parallel T-M model fittings to both FI and ΔA810 signals were obtained. The parameters of FNR activation and the buildup of qE quenching were found to differ for dark-adapted and preilluminated leaves. At the onset of actinic light, photosystem II (PSII) acceptors were oxidized (neutral) after dark adaptation, while the redox states with closed and/or semiquinone QA(-)QB(-) forms were supposedly generated after preillumination, and did not relax within the 10 s dark interval. In qE simulations, a pH-dependent Hill relationship was used. The rate constant of heat losses in PSII antenna kD(t) was found to increase from the basic value kDconst, at the onset of illumination, to its maximal level kDvar due to lumenal acidification. In dark-adapted leaves, a low value of kDconst of ∼ 2 × 106 s-1 was found. Simulations on the microsecond to 30 s time scale revealed that the slow P-S-M-T phases of the fluorescence induction were sensitive to light-induced FNR activation and high-energy qE quenching. Thus, the corresponding time-dependent rate constants kD(t) and kFNR(t) change substantially upon the release of electron transport on the acceptor side of PSI and during the NPQ development. The transitions between the cyclic and linear electron transport modes have also been quantified in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
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15
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Magyar M, Sipka G, Kovács L, Ughy B, Zhu Q, Han G, Špunda V, Lambrev PH, Shen JR, Garab G. Rate-limiting steps in the dark-to-light transition of Photosystem II - revealed by chlorophyll-a fluorescence induction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2755. [PMID: 29426901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-41018-21195-41592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyses the photoinduced oxygen evolution and, by producing reducing equivalents drives, in concert with PSI, the conversion of carbon dioxide to sugars. Our knowledge about the architecture of the reaction centre (RC) complex and the mechanisms of charge separation and stabilisation is well advanced. However, our understanding of the processes associated with the functioning of RC is incomplete: the photochemical activity of PSII is routinely monitored by chlorophyll-a fluorescence induction but the presently available data are not free of controversy. In this work, we examined the nature of gradual fluorescence rise of PSII elicited by trains of single-turnover saturating flashes (STSFs) in the presence of a PSII inhibitor, permitting only one stable charge separation. We show that a substantial part of the fluorescence rise originates from light-induced processes that occur after the stabilisation of charge separation, induced by the first STSF; the temperature-dependent relaxation characteristics suggest the involvement of conformational changes in the additional rise. In experiments using double flashes with variable waiting times (∆τ) between them, we found that no rise could be induced with zero or short ∆τ, the value of which depended on the temperature - revealing a previously unknown rate-limiting step in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Naka 3-chome, Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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16
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Rate-limiting steps in the dark-to-light transition of Photosystem II - revealed by chlorophyll-a fluorescence induction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2755. [PMID: 29426901 PMCID: PMC5807364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyses the photoinduced oxygen evolution and, by producing reducing equivalents drives, in concert with PSI, the conversion of carbon dioxide to sugars. Our knowledge about the architecture of the reaction centre (RC) complex and the mechanisms of charge separation and stabilisation is well advanced. However, our understanding of the processes associated with the functioning of RC is incomplete: the photochemical activity of PSII is routinely monitored by chlorophyll-a fluorescence induction but the presently available data are not free of controversy. In this work, we examined the nature of gradual fluorescence rise of PSII elicited by trains of single-turnover saturating flashes (STSFs) in the presence of a PSII inhibitor, permitting only one stable charge separation. We show that a substantial part of the fluorescence rise originates from light-induced processes that occur after the stabilisation of charge separation, induced by the first STSF; the temperature-dependent relaxation characteristics suggest the involvement of conformational changes in the additional rise. In experiments using double flashes with variable waiting times (∆τ) between them, we found that no rise could be induced with zero or short ∆τ, the value of which depended on the temperature - revealing a previously unknown rate-limiting step in PSII.
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17
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Modeling the light-induced electric potential difference (ΔΨ), the pH difference (ΔpH) and the proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane in C3 leaves. J Theor Biol 2017; 413:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Thylakoid membrane model of the Chl a fluorescence transient and P700 induction kinetics in plant leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:491-515. [PMID: 27368165 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A new Thylakoid model is presented, which describes in detail the electron/proton transfer reactions between membrane protein complexes including photosystems II and I (PSII, PSI), cytochrome (Cyt) b 6 f, mobile plastoquinone PQ pool in the thylakoid membrane, plastocyanin in lumen and ferredoxin in stroma, reduction of NADP via FNR and cyclic electron transfer. The Thylakoid model parameters were fitted both to Chl fluorescence induction data (FI) and oxido-reductions of P700 (ΔA 810) measured from 20 μs up to 20 s in pea leaves. The two-wave kinetics of FI and ΔA 810 (O(JI)PSM and OABCDE) were described quantitatively, provided that the values of membrane electrochemical potential components ΔΨ(t), pHL(t)/pHS(t) are in physiologically relevant ranges. The time courses on the time scale from nanoseconds to tens of seconds of oxido-reduction changes of ET components as well as concentrations of proton/ions (K+, Cl-) were calculated. We assume a low constant FNR activity over this period. Charge movements across the thylakoid membrane by passive leakage and active ATPase transport and proton buffer reactions are simulated. The dynamics of charge fluxes during photosynthetic induction under low light (PFD 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1) were analyzed. The initial wave of P700 oxidation within 20 ms during independent operation of PSI and PSII was followed after 50 ms by PSI donor-side reduction from reduced PQ pool via Cyt b 6 f site. The Cyt b 6 f reactions contribute to the stabilization of fluxes in the time range 1 s < t < 10 s. The detailed analysis of Chl a fluorescence at the PSM stage (t > 10 s) would need the investigation of FNR activation effect in order to explain the transitions between cyclic and linear electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119992.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119992
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119992
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119992
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19
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Ripoll J, Bertin N, Bidel LPR, Urban L. A User's View of the Parameters Derived from the Induction Curves of Maximal Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: Perspectives for Analyzing Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1679. [PMID: 27891137 PMCID: PMC5104755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the fast kinetics of the induction curve of maximal fluorescence represents a relatively recent development for chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements. The parameters of the so-called JIP-test are exploited by an increasingly large community of users to assess plant stress and its consequences. We provide here evidence that these parameters are capable to distinguish between stresses of different natures or intensities, and between stressed plants of different genetic background or at different developmental stages at the time of stress. It is, however, important to keep in mind that the JIP-test is inherently limited in scope, that it is based on assumptions which are not fully validated and that precautions must be taken to ensure that measurements are meaningful. Recent advances suggest that some improvements could be implemented to increase the reliability of measurements and the pertinence of the parameters calculated. We moreover advocate for using the JIP-test in combination with other techniques to build comprehensive pictures of plant responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ripoll
- INRA – Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
- UMR QualiSud, Université d’Avignon et des Pays du VaucluseAvignon, France
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRA – Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
| | | | - Laurent Urban
- UMR QualiSud, Université d’Avignon et des Pays du VaucluseAvignon, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Urban,
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20
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Systems approach to excitation-energy and electron transfer reaction networks in photosystem II complex: model studies for chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:220-37. [PMID: 26025316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) is a protein complex which evolves oxygen and drives charge separation for photosynthesis employing electron and excitation-energy transfer processes over a wide timescale range from picoseconds to milliseconds. While the fluorescence emitted by the antenna pigments of this complex is known as an important indicator of the activity of photosynthesis, its interpretation was difficult because of the complexity of PS II. In this study, an extensive kinetic model which describes the complex and multi-timescale characteristics of PS II is analyzed through the use of the hierarchical coarse-graining method proposed in the authors׳ earlier work. In this coarse-grained analysis, the reaction center (RC) is described by two states, open and closed RCs, both of which consist of oxidized and neutral special pairs being in quasi-equilibrium states. Besides, the PS II model at millisecond scale with three-state RC, which was studied previously, could be derived by suitably adjusting the kinetic parameters of electron transfer between tyrosine and RC. Our novel coarse-grained model of PS II can appropriately explain the light-intensity dependent change of the characteristic patterns of fluorescence induction kinetics from O-J-I-P, which shows two inflection points, J and I, between initial point O and peak point P, to O-J-D-I-P, which shows a dip D between J and I inflection points.
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21
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Zivcak M, Brestic M, Kunderlikova K, Olsovska K, Allakhverdiev SI. Effect of photosystem I inactivation on chlorophyll a fluorescence induction in wheat leaves: Does activity of photosystem I play any role in OJIP rise? JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:318-24. [PMID: 26388470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of the fast chlorophyll a fluorescence induction is still a subject of continuing discussion. One of the contentious issues is the influence of photosystem I (PSI) activity on the kinetics of the thermal JIP-phase of OJIP rise. To demonstrate this influence, we realized a series of measurements in wheat leaves subjected to PSI photoinactivation by the sequence of red saturation pulses (15,000 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) for 0.3 s, every 10 s) applied in darkness. Such a treatment led to a moderate decrease of maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (by ~8%), but a strong decrease of the number of oxidizable PSI (by ~55%), which considerably limited linear electron transport and CO2 assimilation. Surprisingly, the PSI photoinactivation had low effects on OJIP kinetics of variable fluorescence. In particular, the amplitude of variable fluorescence of IP-step (ΔVIP), which has been considered to be a measure of PSI content, was not decreased, despite the low content of photooxidizable PSI. On the other hand, the slower relaxation of chlorophyll fluorescence after saturation pulse as well as the results of the double-hit method suggest that PSI inactivation treatment led to an increase of the fraction of QB-nonreducing PSII reaction centers. Our results somewhat challenge the mainstream interpretations of JIP-thermal phase, and at least suggest that the IP amplitude cannot serve to estimate reliably the PSI content or the PSI to PSII ratio. Moreover, these results recommend the use of the novel method of PSI inactivation, which might help clarify some important issues needed for the correct understanding of the OJIP fluorescence rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristyna Kunderlikova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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22
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Belyaeva NE, Schmitt FJ, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Modeling of the redox state dynamics in photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick cells and leaves of spinach and Arabidopsis thaliana from single flash-induced fluorescence quantum yield changes on the 100 ns-10 s time scale. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:123-140. [PMID: 26049407 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The time courses of the photosystem II (PSII) redox states were analyzed with a model scheme supposing a fraction of 11-25 % semiquinone (with reduced [Formula: see text]) RCs in the dark. Patterns of single flash-induced transient fluorescence yield (SFITFY) measured for leaves (spinach and Arabidopsis (A.) thaliana) and the thermophilic alga Chlorella (C.) pyrenoidosa Chick (Steffen et al. Biochemistry 44:3123-3132, 2005; Belyaeva et al. Photosynth Res 98:105-119, 2008, Plant Physiol Biochem 77:49-59, 2014) were fitted with the PSII model. The simulations show that at high-light conditions the flash generated triplet carotenoid (3)Car(t) population is the main NPQ regulator decaying in the time interval of 6-8 μs. So the SFITFY increase up to the maximum level [Formula: see text]/F 0 (at ~50 μs) depends mainly on the flash energy. Transient electron redistributions on the RC redox cofactors were displayed to explain the SFITFY measured by weak light pulses during the PSII relaxation by electron transfer (ET) steps and coupled proton transfer on both the donor and the acceptor side of the PSII. The contribution of non-radiative charge recombination was taken into account. Analytical expressions for the laser flash, the (3)Car(t) decay and the work of the water-oxidizing complex (WOC) were used to improve the modeled P680(+) reduction by YZ in the state S 1 of the WOC. All parameter values were compared between spinach, A. thaliana leaves and C. pyrenoidosa alga cells and at different laser flash energies. ET from [Formula: see text] slower in alga as compared to leaf samples was elucidated by the dynamics of [Formula: see text] fractions to fit SFITFY data. Low membrane energization after the 10 ns single turnover flash was modeled: the ∆Ψ(t) amplitude (20 mV) is found to be about 5-fold smaller than under the continuous light induction; the time-independent lumen pHL, stroma pHS are fitted close to dark estimates. Depending on the flash energy used at 1.4, 4, 100 % the pHS in stroma is fitted to 7.3, 7.4, and 7.7, respectively. The biggest ∆pH difference between stroma and lumen was found to be 1.2, thus pH- dependent NPQ was not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia,
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23
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Vredenberg W. A simple routine for quantitative analysis of light and dark kinetics of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in intact leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:87-106. [PMID: 25739901 PMCID: PMC4368846 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Paper describes principles and application of a novel routine that enables the quantitative analysis of the photochemical O-J phase of the variable fluorescence F v associated with the reversible photo-reduction of the secondary electron acceptor QA of photosystem II (PSII) in algae and intact leaves. The kinetic parameters that determine the variable fluorescence F (PP)(t) associated with the release of photochemical quenching are estimated from 10 µs time-resolved light-on and light-off responses of F v induced by two subsequent light pulses of 0.25 (default) and 1000 ms duration, respectively. Application of these pulses allows estimations of (i) the actual value of the rate constants k L and k AB of the light excitation (photoreduction of QA) and of the dark re-oxidation of photoreduced QA ([Formula: see text]), respectively, (ii) the actual maximal normalized variable fluorescence [nF v] associated with 100 % photoreduction of QA of open RCs, and (iii) the actual size β of RCs in which the re-oxidation of [Formula: see text] is largely suppressed (QB-nonreducing RC with k AB ~ 0). The rate constants of the dark reversion of Fv associated with the release of photo-electrochemical quenching F (PE) and photo-electric stimulation F (CET) in the successive J-I and I-P parts of the thermal phase are in the range of (100 ms)(-1) and (1 s)(-1), respectively. The kinetics of fluorescence changes during and after the I-P phase are given special attention in relation to the hypothesis on the involvement of a Δµ H+-dependent effect during this phase and thereafter. Paper closes with author's personal view on the demands that should be fulfilled for chlorophyll fluorescence methods being a correct and unchallenged signature of photosynthesis in algae and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Vredenberg
- Department of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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24
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Schansker G, Tóth SZ, Holzwarth AR, Garab G. Chlorophyll a fluorescence: beyond the limits of the Q(A) model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 120:43-58. [PMID: 23456268 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is a non-invasive tool widely used in photosynthesis research. According to the dominant interpretation, based on the model proposed by Duysens and Sweers (1963, Special Issue of Plant and Cell Physiology, pp 353-372), the fluorescence changes reflect primarily changes in the redox state of Q(A), the primary quinone electron acceptor of photosystem II (PSII). While it is clearly successful in monitoring the photochemical activity of PSII, a number of important observations cannot be explained within the framework of this simple model. Alternative interpretations have been proposed but were not supported satisfactorily by experimental data. In this review we concentrate on the processes determining the fluorescence rise on a dark-to-light transition and critically analyze the experimental data and the existing models. Recent experiments have provided additional evidence for the involvement of a second process influencing the fluorescence rise once Q(A) is reduced. These observations are best explained by a light-induced conformational change, the focal point of our review. We also want to emphasize that-based on the presently available experimental findings-conclusions on α/ß-centers, PSII connectivity, and the assignment of FV/FM to the maximum PSII quantum yield may require critical re-evaluations. At the same time, it has to be emphasized that for a deeper understanding of the underlying physical mechanism(s) systematic studies on light-induced changes in the structure and reaction kinetics of the PSII reaction center are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Schansker
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center Szeged, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6701, Hungary,
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Matsuoka T, Tanaka S, Ebina K. Hierarchical coarse-graining model for photosystem II including electron and excitation-energy transfer processes. Biosystems 2014; 117:15-29. [PMID: 24418347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a hierarchical reduction scheme to cope with coupled rate equations that describe the dynamics of multi-time-scale photosynthetic reactions. To numerically solve nonlinear dynamical equations containing a wide temporal range of rate constants, we first study a prototypical three-variable model. Using a separation of the time scale of rate constants combined with identified slow variables as (quasi-)conserved quantities in the fast process, we achieve a coarse-graining of the dynamical equations reduced to those at a slower time scale. By iteratively employing this reduction method, the coarse-graining of broadly multi-scale dynamical equations can be performed in a hierarchical manner. We then apply this scheme to the reaction dynamics analysis of a simplified model for an illuminated photosystem II, which involves many processes of electron and excitation-energy transfers with a wide range of rate constants. We thus confirm a good agreement between the coarse-grained and fully (finely) integrated results for the population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsuoka
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Department of Computational Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Shigenori Tanaka
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Department of Computational Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Kuniyoshi Ebina
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of the initial phases of chlorophyll fluorescence from photosystem II. Biosystems 2014; 115:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bulychev AA, Osipov VA, Matorin DN, Vredenberg WJ. Effects of far-red light on fluorescence induction in infiltrated pea leaves under diminished ΔpH and Δφ components of the proton motive force. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 45:37-45. [PMID: 23054078 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves induced by an actinic pulse of red light follow different kinetics in dark-adapted plant leaves and leaves preilluminated with far-red light. This influence of far-red light was abolished in leaves infiltrated with valinomycin known to eliminate the electrical (Δφ) component of the proton-motive force and was strongly enhanced in leaves infiltrated with nigericin that abolishes the ΔpH component. The supposed influence of ionophores on different components of the proton motive force was supported by differential effects of these ionophores on the induction curves of the millisecond component of chlorophyll delayed fluorescence. Comparison of fluorescence induction curves with the kinetics of P700 oxidation in the absence and presence of ionophores suggests that valinomycin facilitates a build-up of a rate-limiting step for electron transport at the site of plastoquinone oxidation, whereas nigericin effectively removes limitations at this site. Far-red light was found to be a particularly effective modulator of electron flows in chloroplasts in the absence of ΔpH backpressure on operation of the electron-transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Cazelles R, Drone J, Fajula F, Ersen O, Moldovan S, Galarneau A. Reduction of CO2 to methanol by a polyenzymatic system encapsulated in phospholipids–silica nanocapsules. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stirbet A. Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction: a personal perspective of the thermal phase, the J-I-P rise. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:15-61. [PMID: 22810945 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The fast (up to 1 s) chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence induction (FI) curve, measured under saturating continuous light, has a photochemical phase, the O-J rise, related mainly to the reduction of Q(A), the primary electron acceptor plastoquinone of Photosystem II (PSII); here, the fluorescence rise depends strongly on the number of photons absorbed. This is followed by a thermal phase, the J-I-P rise, which disappears at subfreezing temperatures. According to the mainstream interpretation of the fast FI, the variable fluorescence originates from PSII antenna, and the oxidized Q(A) is the most important quencher influencing the O-J-I-P curve. As the reaction centers of PSII are gradually closed by the photochemical reduction of Q(A), Chl fluorescence, F, rises from the O level (the minimal level) to the P level (the peak); yet, the relationship between F and [Q(A) (-)] is not linear, due to the presence of other quenchers and modifiers. Several alternative theories have been proposed, which give different interpretations of the O-J-I-P transient. The main idea in these alternative theories is that in saturating light, Q(A) is almost completely reduced already at the end of the photochemical phase O-J, but the fluorescence yield is lower than its maximum value due to the presence of either a second quencher besides Q(A), or there is an another process quenching the fluorescence; in the second quencher hypothesis, this quencher is consumed (or the process of quenching the fluorescence is reversed) during the thermal phase J-I-P. In this review, we discuss these theories. Based on our critical examination, that includes pros and cons of each theory, as well mathematical modeling, we conclude that the mainstream interpretation of the O-J-I-P transient is the most credible one, as none of the alternative ideas provide adequate explanation or experimental proof for the almost complete reduction of Q(A) at the end of the O-J phase, and for the origin of the fluorescence rise during the thermal phase. However, we suggest that some of the factors influencing the fluorescence yield that have been proposed in these newer theories, as e.g., the membrane potential ΔΨ, as suggested by Vredenberg and his associates, can potentially contribute to modulate the O-J-I-P transient in parallel with the reduction of Q(A), through changes at the PSII antenna and/or at the reaction center, or, possibly, through the control of the oxidation-reduction of the PQ-pool, including proton transfer into the lumen, as suggested by Rubin and his associates. We present in this review our personal perspective mainly on our understanding of the thermal phase, the J-I-P rise during Chl a FI in plants and algae.
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Rumak I, Mazur R, Gieczewska K, Kozioł-Lipińska J, Kierdaszuk B, Michalski WP, Shiell BJ, Venema JH, Vredenberg WJ, Mostowska A, Garstka M. Correlation between spatial (3D) structure of pea and bean thylakoid membranes and arrangement of chlorophyll-protein complexes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:72. [PMID: 22631450 PMCID: PMC3499227 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thylakoid system in plant chloroplasts is organized into two distinct domains: grana arranged in stacks of appressed membranes and non-appressed membranes consisting of stroma thylakoids and margins of granal stacks. It is argued that the reason for the development of appressed membranes in plants is that their photosynthetic apparatus need to cope with and survive ever-changing environmental conditions. It is not known however, why different plant species have different arrangements of grana within their chloroplasts. It is important to elucidate whether a different arrangement and distribution of appressed and non-appressed thylakoids in chloroplasts are linked with different qualitative and/or quantitative organization of chlorophyll-protein (CP) complexes in the thylakoid membranes and whether this arrangement influences the photosynthetic efficiency. RESULTS Our results from TEM and in situ CLSM strongly indicate the existence of different arrangements of pea and bean thylakoid membranes. In pea, larger appressed thylakoids are regularly arranged within chloroplasts as uniformly distributed red fluorescent bodies, while irregular appressed thylakoid membranes within bean chloroplasts correspond to smaller and less distinguished fluorescent areas in CLSM images. 3D models of pea chloroplasts show a distinct spatial separation of stacked thylakoids from stromal spaces whereas spatial division of stroma and thylakoid areas in bean chloroplasts are more complex. Structural differences influenced the PSII photochemistry, however without significant changes in photosynthetic efficiency. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorophyll-protein complexes as well as spectroscopic investigations indicated a similar proportion between PSI and PSII core complexes in pea and bean thylakoids, but higher abundance of LHCII antenna in pea ones. Furthermore, distinct differences in size and arrangements of LHCII-PSII and LHCI-PSI supercomplexes between species are suggested. CONCLUSIONS Based on proteomic and spectroscopic investigations we postulate that the differences in the chloroplast structure between the analyzed species are a consequence of quantitative proportions between the individual CP complexes and its arrangement inside membranes. Such a structure of membranes induced the formation of large stacked domains in pea, or smaller heterogeneous regions in bean thylakoids. Presented 3D models of chloroplasts showed that stacked areas are noticeably irregular with variable thickness, merging with each other and not always parallel to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Rumak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozioł-Lipińska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Borys Kierdaszuk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, Warsaw, PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Wojtek P Michalski
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, 5 Portarlington Road Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Brian J Shiell
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, 5 Portarlington Road Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Jan Henk Venema
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Vredenberg
- Department of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, PL-02-096, Poland
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Halls JE, Wright KJ, Pickersgill JE, Smith JP, Altalhi AA, Bourne RW, Alaei P, Ramakrishnappa T, Kelly SM, Wadhawan JD. Voltammetry within structured liquid nanosystems: Towards the design of a flexible, three-dimensional framework for artificial photosystems. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vredenberg W, Durchan M, Prášil O. The analysis of PS II photochemical activity using single and multi-turnover excitations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 107:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van Rensen JJS, Vredenberg WJ. Adaptation of photosystem II to high and low light in wild-type and triazine-resistant Canola plants: analysis by a fluorescence induction algorithm. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 108:191-200. [PMID: 21877236 PMCID: PMC3170478 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants of wild-type and triazine-resistant Canola (Brassica napus L.) were exposed to very high light intensities and after 1 day placed on a laboratory table at low light to recover, to study the kinetics of variable fluorescence after light, and after dark-adaptation. This cycle was repeated several times. The fast OJIP fluorescence rise curve was measured immediately after light exposure and after recovery during 1 day in laboratory room light. A fluorescence induction algorithm has been used for resolution and analysis of these curves. This algorithm includes photochemical and photo-electrochemical quenching release components and a photo-electrical dependent IP-component. The analysis revealed a substantial suppression of the photo-electrochemical component (even complete in the resistant biotype), a partial suppression of the photochemical component and a decrease in the fluorescence parameter F (o) after high light. These effects were recovered after 1 day in the indoor light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J S van Rensen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Center, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee. Photosystem II fluorescence: slow changes--scaling from the past. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:258-70. [PMID: 21530301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of photoelectric devices (photocells, photomultipliers) in the 1930s, fluorometry of chlorophyll (Chl) a in vivo emerged as a major method in the science of photosynthesis. Early researchers employed fluorometry primarily for two tasks: to elucidate the role in photosynthesis, if any, of other plant pigments, such as Chl b, Chl c, carotenoids and phycobilins; and to use it as a convenient inverse measure of photosynthetic activity. In pursuing the latter task, it became apparent that Chl a fluorescence emission is influenced (i) by redox active Chl a molecules in the reaction center of photosystem (PS) II (photochemical quenching); (ii) by an electrochemical imbalance across the thylakoid membrane (high energy quenching); and (iii) by the size of the peripheral antennae of weakly fluorescent PSI and strongly fluorescent PSII in response to changes in the ambient light (state transitions). In this perspective we trace the historical evolution of our awareness of these concepts, particularly of the so-called 'State Transitions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Papageorgiou
- National Center of Scientific Research Demokritos, Institute of Biology, Athens 15310, Greece.
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Samoilova OP, Ptushenko VV, Kuvykin IV, Kiselev SA, Ptushenko OS, Tikhonov AN. Effects of light environment on the induction of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves: a comparative study of Tradescantia species of different ecotypes. Biosystems 2011; 105:41-8. [PMID: 21419191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, using a PAM-fluorimetry technique, we have compared effects of plant adaptation to the light or dark conditions on the kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence yield in Tradecantia leaves of several species (Tradescantia albiflora, Tradescantia fluminensis, Tradescantia navicularis, and Tradescantia sillamontana), which represent plants of different ecotypes. Two fluorescence parameters were used to assess photosynthetic performance in vivo: non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence (q(NPQ)) determined by energy losses in the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem 2 (PS2), and PS2 operating efficiency (Φ(PSII)). Comparative study of light-induced changes in q(NPQ) and Φ(PSII) has demonstrated that shade-tolerant Tradecantia species (T. albiflora Kunth, T. fluminensis Vell.) reveal higher capacities for NPQ and demonstrate slower transitions between the 'light-adapted' and 'dark-adapted' states than succulent species T. navicularis and T. sillamontana, which are typical habitats of semi-deserts. We analyze the photosynthetic performance of Tradescantia species in the context of their adaptabilities to variable environment conditions. The ability of shade-tolerant plants to retain a relatively long-term (∼40-60 min) 'memory' for illumination history may be associated with the regulatory mechanisms that provide the flexibility of photosynthetic apparatus in response to fluctuations of light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Samoilova
- Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Guo Y, Tan J. Modeling and simulation of the initial phases of chlorophyll fluorescence from Photosystem II. Biosystems 2011; 103:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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