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Kurt E, Devlin G, Asokan A, Segura T. Gene Delivery From Granular Scaffolds for Tunable Biologics Manufacturing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309911. [PMID: 38462954 PMCID: PMC11294003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The understanding of the molecular basis for disease has generated a myriad of therapeutic biologics, including therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and viruses. However, the promise that biologics can resolve currently incurable diseases hinges in their manufacturability. These therapeutics require that their genetic material be introduced to mammalian cells such that the cell machinery can manufacture the biological components. These are then purified, validated, and packaged. Most manufacturing uses batch processes that collect the biologic a few days following genetic modification, due to toxicity or difficulty in separating product from cells in a continuous operation, limiting the amount of biologic that can be produced and resulting in yearlong backlogs. Here, a scaffold-based approach for continuous biologic manufacturing is presented, with sustained production of active antibodies and viruses for 30 days. The use of scaffold-based biologic production enabled perfusion-based bioreactors to be used, which can be incorporated into a fully continuous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Kurt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Garth Devlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Departments Neurology and Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC
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2
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Choi HY, Choi JC, Kang YL, Ahn SH, Lee SW, Park SY, Song CS, Choi IS, Lee JB. Production of a chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 vaccine using a lab-scale packed-bed bioreactor CelCradle. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:105. [PMID: 37528389 PMCID: PMC10394776 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a MARC-145 cell culture and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine production using a novel CelCradle bioreactor. CelCradle is a packed-bed bioreactor capable of both batch and perfusion culture, and the operating parameters are easy to optimize. RESULTS In this study, CelCradle reached a maximum cell density of 8.94 × 105 cells/mL at 5 days post-seeding when seeded at 8.60 × 104 cells/mL (doubling time = 35.52 h). Inoculation of PRRS vaccine candidate, K418DM1.1, was performed at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01 at 5 days post-seeding, which resulted in a high viral titer of 2.04 × 108 TCID50/mL and total viral load of 1.02 × 1011 TCID50/500 mL at 2 days post-infection (dpi). The multilayer cultivation system, BioFactory culture, yielded a higher doubling time (37.14 h) and lower viral titer (i.e., 8.15 × 107 TCID50/mL) compared to the CelCradle culture. Thus, the culture medium productivity of the CelCradle culture was 2-fold higher than that of the BioFactory culture. In the animal experiment, the CelCradle-produced vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and effectively protected pigs against homologous challenge, as shown by the significantly lower levels of viremia at 1- and 7-days post-challenge (dpc) compared to the non-vaccinated pigs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrates that the CelCradle system is an economical platform for PRRS vaccine production.
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Grants
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- 818027-2 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry
- KCAV Co., Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Yeon Choi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Lim Kang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeun Ahn
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Park
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Commercially Available Textiles as a Scaffolding Platform for Large-Scale Cell Culture. Int J Biomater 2023; 2023:2227509. [PMID: 36909982 PMCID: PMC9995198 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2227509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study outlines the evaluation of textile materials that are currently in the market for cell culture applications. By using normal LaserJet printing techniques, we created the substrates, which were then characterized physicochemically and biologically. In particular, (i) we found that the weave pattern and (ii) the chemical nature of the textiles significantly influenced the behaviour of the cells. Textiles with closely knitted fibers and cell adhesion motifs, exhibited better cell adhesion and proliferation over a period of 7 days. All the substrates supported good viability of cells (>80%). We believe that these aspects make commercially available textiles as a potential candidate for large-scale culture of adherent cells.
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4
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Mutaf T, Oncel SS. Bubble column and airlift bioreactor systems for animal cell culture applications. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Mutaf
- Department of Bioengineering,Faculty of Engineering Ege University Izmir Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Manisa Celal Bayar University Manisa Turkey
| | - Suphi S. Oncel
- Department of Bioengineering,Faculty of Engineering Ege University Izmir Turkey
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5
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Bergin A, Carvell J, Butler M. Applications of bio-capacitance to cell culture manufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Lüken A, Stüwe L, Rauer SB, Oelker J, Linkhorst J, Wessling M. Fabrication, Flow Assembly, and Permeation of Microscopic Any-Shape Particles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107508. [PMID: 35246951 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Today, millimeter-sized nonspherical any-shape particles serve as flexible, functional scaffold material in chemical and biochemical reactors tailoring their hydrodynamic properties and active surface-to-volume ratio based on the particle's shape. Decreasing the particle size to smaller than 100 μm would be desired as it increases the surface-to-volume ratio and promotes a particle assembly based on surface interactions, allowing the creation of tailored self-assembling 3D scaffolds. This study demonstrates a continuous high-throughput fabrication of microscopic 3D particles with complex shape and sub-micron resolution using continuous two-photon vertical flow lithography. Evolving from there, in-channel particle fabrication into a confined microfluidic chamber with a resting fluid enables the precise fabrication of a defined number of particles. 3D assemblies with various particle shapes are fabricated and analyzed regarding their permeability and morphology, representing convective accessibility of the assembly's porosity. Differently shaped particles highlight the importance of contact area regarding particle-particle interactions and the respective hydraulic resistance of an assembly. Finally, cell culture experiments show manifold cell-particle interactions promising applicability as bio-hybrid tissue. This study pushes the research boundaries of adaptive, responsive, and permeable 3D scaffolds and granular media by demonstrating a high throughput fabrication solution and a precise hydrodynamic analysis method for micro-particle assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Lüken
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Lucas Stüwe
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bernhard Rauer
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Jesco Oelker
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - John Linkhorst
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen, 52074, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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8
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Pajčin I, Knežić T, Savic Azoulay I, Vlajkov V, Djisalov M, Janjušević L, Grahovac J, Gadjanski I. Bioengineering Outlook on Cultivated Meat Production. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:402. [PMID: 35334693 PMCID: PMC8950996 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat (also referred to as cultivated meat or cell-based meat)-CM-is fabricated through the process of cellular agriculture (CA), which entails application of bioengineering, i.e., tissue engineering (TE) principles to the production of food. The main TE principles include usage of cells, grown in a controlled environment provided by bioreactors and cultivation media supplemented with growth factors and other needed nutrients and signaling molecules, and seeded onto the immobilization elements-microcarriers and scaffolds that provide the adhesion surfaces necessary for anchor-dependent cells and offer 3D organization for multiple cell types. Theoretically, many solutions from regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering can be applied in CM-TE, i.e., CA. However, in practice, there are a number of specificities regarding fabrication of a CM product that needs to fulfill not only the majority of functional criteria of muscle and fat TE, but also has to possess the sensory and nutritional qualities of a traditional food component, i.e., the meat it aims to replace. This is the reason that bioengineering aimed at CM production needs to be regarded as a specific scientific discipline of a multidisciplinary nature, integrating principles from biomedical engineering as well as from food manufacturing, design and development, i.e., food engineering. An important requirement is also the need to use as little as possible of animal-derived components in the whole CM bioprocess. In this review, we aim to present the current knowledge on different bioengineering aspects, pertinent to different current scientific disciplines but all relevant for CM engineering, relevant for muscle TE, including different cell sources, bioreactor types, media requirements, bioprocess monitoring and kinetics and their modifications for use in CA, all in view of their potential for efficient CM bioprocess scale-up. We believe such a review will offer a good overview of different bioengineering strategies for CM production and will be useful to a range of interested stakeholders, from students just entering the CA field to experienced researchers looking for the latest innovations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pajčin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (V.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Teodora Knežić
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Ivana Savic Azoulay
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Vanja Vlajkov
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (V.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Mila Djisalov
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Ljiljana Janjušević
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Jovana Grahovac
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (V.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Ivana Gadjanski
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
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9
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Sharma R, Harrison STL, Tai SL. Advances in Bioreactor Systems for the Production of Biologicals in Mammalian Cells. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sharma
- University of Cape Town Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Private Bag 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Susan T. L. Harrison
- University of Cape Town Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Private Bag 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Siew Leng Tai
- University of Cape Town Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Private Bag 7701 Rondebosch South Africa
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10
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Yu J, Liu Z, Li C, Wei Q, Zheng S, Saeb-Parsy K, Xu X. Regulatory T Cell Therapy Following Liver Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2021; 27:264-280. [PMID: 37160016 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is considered the gold standard of curative treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease or nonresectable hepatic malignant tumors. Rejection after LT is the main nontechnical factor affecting the prognosis of recipients. Medical and surgical advances, combined with improved immunosuppression with drugs such as calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), have contributed to an increase in 1-year graft survival to around 80%. However, medium- and long-term improvements in LT outcomes have lagged behind. Importantly, CNIs and other classical immunosuppressive drugs are associated with significant adverse effects, including malignancies, cardiovascular disease, and severe renal dysfunction. Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) is emerging as a promising alternative to classical immunosuppression. Since their discovery, the immunomodulatory effects of Tregs have been demonstrated in a range of diseases. This has rejuvenated the interest in using Tregs as a therapeutic strategy to induce immune tolerance after LT. In this review, we first summarize the discovery and development of Tregs. We then review the preclinical data supporting their production, mechanism of action, and therapeutic efficacy followed by a summary of relevant clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the outstanding challenges of Treg therapy and its future prospects for routine use in LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjie Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changbiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Lesch HP, Valonen P, Karhinen M. Evaluation of the Single-Use Fixed-Bed Bioreactors in Scalable Virus Production. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000020. [PMID: 32971565 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The accelerating development of gene therapy from research towards clinical trials and beyond has elevated the demand for practical viral vector-manufacturing solutions. The use of disposable upstream technology is gaining traction in clinical manufacturing. Packed-bed or fixed-bed reactors, where column is packed with immobilized biocatalyst particles providing surface to constrain the cells in a particular region of the reactor, have been widely used in bioprocessing applications since mid-1900s. However, the world's first single-use, fully integrated, high cell density, fixed-bed bioreactor was launched only approximately a decade ago. By now, several single-use, fixed-bed technology solutions have been developed in a small scale. Scaling-up the manufacturing can be challenging and for commercial-scale manufacturing, there is practically only one single-use, good manufacturing practice-compliant option available. This study reviews the latest, fully disposable, fixed-bed bioreactors; compares the virus production in the different systems; and discusses important manufacturing cost-related topics. It is predicted that single-use, fixed-bed bioreactors will receive even more attention in the field of viral vector manufacturing and commercialization, especially with the need for higher virus titers and virus yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna P Lesch
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, FI-70210, Finland.,FinVector, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
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12
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Nie J, Sun Y, Peng F, Han F, Yang Y, Liu X, Liu C, Li Y, Bai Z. Pseudorabies virus production using a serum-free medium in fixed-bed bioreactors with low cell inoculum density. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2551-2560. [PMID: 32816175 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fixed-bed bioreactors packed with macrocarriers show great potential to be used for vaccine process development and large-scale production due to distinguishing features of low shear force, high cell adhering surface area, and easy replacement of culture media in situ. As an initial step of utilizing this type of bioreactors for Pseudorabies virus production (PRV) by African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, we developed a tube-fixed-bed bioreactor in the previous study, which represents a scale-down model for further process optimization. By using this scale-down model, here we evaluated impacts of two strategies (use of serum-free medium and low cell inoculum density) on PRV production, which have benefits of simplifying downstream process and reducing risk of contamination. We first compared Vero cell cultures with different media, bioreactors and inoculum densities, and conclude that cell growth with serum-free medium is comparable to that with serum-containing medium in tube-fixed-bed bioreactor, and low inoculum density supports cell growth only in this bioreactor. Next, we applied serum-free medium and low inoculum cell density for PRV production. By optimization of time of infection (TOI), multiplicity of infection (MOI) and the harvesting strategy, we obtained total amount of virus particles ~ 9 log10 TCID50 at 5 days post-infection (dpi) in the tube-fixed-bed bioreactor. This process was then scaled up by 25-fold to a Xcell 1-L fixed-bed bioreactor, which yields totally virus particles of 10.5 log10 TCID50, corresponding to ~ 3 × 105 doses of vaccine. The process studied in this work holds promise to be developed as a generic platform for the production of vaccines for animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Feng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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13
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Tsai AC, Jeske R, Chen X, Yuan X, Li Y. Influence of Microenvironment on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Potency: From Planar Culture to Microcarriers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:640. [PMID: 32671039 PMCID: PMC7327111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a promising candidate in cell therapy as they exhibit multilineage differentiation, homing to the site of injury, and secretion of trophic factors that facilitate tissue healing and/or modulate immune response. As a result, hMSC-derived products have attracted growing interests in preclinical and clinical studies. The development of hMSC culture platforms for large-scale biomanufacturing is necessary to meet the requirements for late-phase clinical trials and future commercialization. Microcarriers in stirred-tank bioreactors have been widely utilized in large-scale expansion of hMSCs for translational applications because of a high surface-to-volume ratio compared to conventional 2D planar culture. However, recent studies have demonstrated that microcarrier-expanded hMSCs differ from dish- or flask-expanded cells in size, morphology, proliferation, viability, surface markers, gene expression, differentiation potential, and secretome profile which may lead to altered therapeutic potency. Therefore, understanding the bioprocessing parameters that influence hMSC therapeutic efficacy is essential for the optimization of microcarrier-based bioreactor system to maximize hMSC quantity without sacrificing quality. In this review, biomanufacturing parameters encountered in planar culture and microcarrier-based bioreactor culture of hMSCs are compared and discussed with specific focus on cell-adhesion surface (e.g., discontinuous surface, underlying curvature, microcarrier stiffness, porosity, surface roughness, coating, and charge) and the dynamic microenvironment in bioreactor culture (e.g., oxygen and nutrients, shear stress, particle collision, and aggregation). The influence of dynamic culture in bioreactors on hMSC properties is also reviewed in order to establish connection between bioprocessing and stem cell function. This review addresses fundamental principles and concepts for future design of biomanufacturing systems for hMSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Berrie DM, Waters RC, Montoya C, Chatel A, Vela EM. Development of a high-yield live-virus vaccine production platform using a novel fixed-bed bioreactor. Vaccine 2020; 38:3639-3645. [PMID: 32247568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing importance of viral vaccine manufacturing has driven the need for high cell density process optimization that allows for higher production levels. Vero cells are one of the more popular adherent cell lines used for viral vaccine production. However, production is limited due to the logistical limitations surrounding adherent cell line processes, such as large equipment footprints, time and labor-intensive processes, and larger costs per dose. We have addressed this limitation with the establishment of a viral vaccine production system utilizing the novel single use scale-X™ carbo bioreactor. The unit is compact and is scalable and one of the novel features of the system is the continuous in-line downstream purification and concentration processes associated with the bioreactor vessel. We present the results from a campaign featuring a proprietary Vero cell line for production of a live recombinant Vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine that features the Lassa Fever virus glycoproteins. Metabolite analyses and viral yield comparison between traditional flasks, cell factories, and the scale-X carbo bioreactor were performed, and on average, the single use bioreactor produced 2-4 logs higher titers per surface area, approximately 5 × 1010 pfu/cm2, compared to classical flatstock, 2.67 × 106 pfu/cm2, and cell factories production, 5.77 × 108 pfu/cm2. Overall, we describe a novel bioreactor platform that allows for a cost-efficient and scalable process for viral vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton M Berrie
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Robin C Waters
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Christopher Montoya
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Alex Chatel
- Univercells, Rue de la Maîtise 11, 1400 Nivelles, Belgium
| | - Eric M Vela
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development, 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
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15
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Suthers PF, Maranas CD. Challenges of cultivated meat production and applications of genome‐scale metabolic modeling. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F. Suthers
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Costas D. Maranas
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
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16
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Lam AT, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Human mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cartilage repair: Review on isolation, expansion, and constructs. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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17
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Nie J, Sun Y, Han F, Yang Y, Liu X, Liu C, Li Y, Bai Z. Rapid process development of serum-free pseudorabies virus production with the Quality by Design approach. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:283-293. [PMID: 32086694 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study described a successful application of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach to pseudorabies virus (PRV) production process development in a fixed-bed bioreactor using the serum-free medium (SFM). The innovated tube-fixed-bed bioreactor was used as a scale-down model of the fixed-bed bioreactor for process development. Risk analysis was performed using Ishikawa diagram combined with failure mode effects analysis (FMEA). The comparative experiment was performed to screen proper medium for adherent African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells from three commercially available SFMs (VP-SFM, ProVERO-1 and Vero-A). The Vero-A medium showed as an outstanding one for further study. The PRV titer in harvest medium was consider as Critical Quality Attribute (CQA) and the Critical Process Parameters (CPPs) [time of infection (TOI), multiplicity of infection (MOI) and initial inoculation cell density] ranked high with risk priority number (RPN) were taken into design of experiment (DoE) methodology. Then prediction model of PRV production process was established and a robust PRV production process was explored. Under the robust setpoint conditions, the Xcell 1 L laboratory-scale fixed-bed bioreactor yielded PRV titer up to 7.87 log10 TCID50/mL at 3 dpi, which was comparable with that in the tube-fixed-bed bioreactor. Combination of the tube-fixed-bed bioreactor and QbD approach could further accelerate the development of a robust virus production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Fei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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18
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Nie J, Sun Y, Peng F, Li X, Yang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Liu C, Bai Z. Production Process Development of Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine by Using a Novel Scale-Down Model of a Fixed-Bed Bioreactor. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:959-965. [PMID: 31604085 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel tube-fixed-bed bioreactor which consists of a TubeSpin bioreactor 50 tube and 0.44 g macrocarriers was developed as the scale-down model of a fixed-bed bioreactor. The adherent Vero cell-based pseudorabies virus (PRV) production process was tested in this novel model. The Vero cells grew well in the tube-fixed-bed bioreactor, and the cell density reached 5.8 × 106 cells/mL after 7 days of culture. The PRV production parameters (time of infection, multiplicity of infection, and harvest process) were optimized in the tube-fixed-bed bioreactor. Then the optimized process (time of infection = 3 days, multiplicity of infection = 0.001 and multiple harvest process) was scaled up 25-fold to an Xcell 1-L laboratory-scale fixed-bed bioreactor and 125-fold to an Xcell 5-L fixed-bed bioreactor successfully. The total PRV harvest in the Xcell 1-L bioreactor at 5 days after infection (dpi) was 10.25 log10 TCID50 which corresponds to 177,827 doses of vaccine. The total PRV harvest in the Xcell 5-L bioreactor at 5 dpi was 11.13 log10 TCID50 which corresponded to 1,348,962 doses of vaccine. The comparable growth curve, metabolism, and PRV production profile of the scaled-up bioreactors confirmed the feasibility and scalability of the tube-fixed-bed bioreactor as a scale-down model of the fixed-bed bioreactor for virus production process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinran Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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19
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Janani G, Kumar S, Mandal BB. Fiber-Reinforced Silk Composite for Enhanced Urokinase Production Using High-Density Perfusion Culture and Bioactive Molecule Supplementation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6137-6151. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Janani
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Shivanshi Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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20
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Validation of a novel 3D flow model for the optimization of construct perfusion in radial-flow packed-bed bioreactors (rPBBs) for long-bone tissue engineering. N Biotechnol 2019; 52:110-120. [PMID: 31173925 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic cell culture in three-dimensional (3D) hollow cylindrical porous scaffolds in radial-flow packed-bed bioreactors (rPBBs) may overcome the transport limitations of static and axial perfusion bioreactors in the engineering of long-bone substitutes. Flow models of rPBBs help optimize radial flux distribution of medium and tissue maturation in vitro. Only a 2D model is available for steady flow transport in rPBBs with axisymmetric inlet and outlet accounting for the fluid dynamics of void spaces, assessed against literature information. Here, a novel 3D model is proposed for steady flow transport in the three compartments of rPBBs with a more practical lateral outlet. A 3D model of transient tracer transport was developed based on the flow model to predict bioreactor residence time distribution (RTD). Model-predicted flow patterns were validated in terms of RTD against tracer experiments performed with bioreactor prototypes equipped with commercial scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bioreactors were challenged with a step change in entering tracer concentration in an optimized set-up under conditions promoting uniform radial flux distribution and typical shunt flows. Model-predicted RTDs agreed well with those experimentally determined. In conclusion, tracer experiments validate the use of the 3D flow model for optimizing construct perfusion in rPBBs to engineer long-bone substitutes.
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21
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McCarron A, Donnelley M, McIntyre C, Parsons D. Transient Lentiviral Vector Production Using a Packed-Bed Bioreactor System. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2019; 30:93-101. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2019.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McCarron
- Adelaide Medical School, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chantelle McIntyre
- Adelaide Medical School, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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22
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Patil R, Walther J. Continuous Manufacturing of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Upstream and Downstream Technologies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:277-322. [PMID: 28265699 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous biomanufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins offers several potential advantages over conventional batch processing, including reduced cost of goods, more flexible and responsive manufacturing facilities, and improved and consistent product quality. Although continuous approaches to various upstream and downstream unit operations have been considered and studied for decades, in recent years interest and application have accelerated. Researchers have achieved increasingly higher levels of process intensification, and have also begun to integrate different continuous unit operations into larger, holistically continuous processes. This review first discusses approaches for continuous cell culture, with a focus on perfusion-enabling cell separation technologies including gravitational, centrifugal, and acoustic settling, as well as filtration-based techniques. We follow with a review of various continuous downstream unit operations, covering categories such as clarification, chromatography, formulation, and viral inactivation and filtration. The review ends by summarizing case studies of integrated and continuous processing as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Jason Walther
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
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23
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Liu W, Hu D, Gu C, Zhou Y, Tan WS. Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of a packed-bed bioreactor based on an optimum two-stage culture strategy. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:506-514. [PMID: 30322683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A packed-bed (PB) bioreactor for bioartificial liver (BAL) was fabricated based on an optimum two-stage culture strategy and evaluated in vitro in this research. Human induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) were first expanded using Cytodex 3 microcarriers and the choice of microcarrier concentration and fetal bovine serum (FBS) content was optimized. Then, the cells expanded under the optimum expansion condition were perfused into a perfusion system containing Fibra-Cel (FC) disks to fabricate a PB bioreactor. Operating parameters including flow rate and seeding density for perfusion culture were optimized, respectively. Results indicated that during suspension culture, rapid cell proliferation and favorable amino acid metabolism were achieved at 3 mg/mL microcarriers combined with 1% FBS. While for the perfusion culture, the most effective flow rate and seeding density were 2 mL/min and 1 × 106 cells/mL, respectively. Under this optimum perfusion condition, hiHeps showed good proliferation ability, high viability, homogeneous distribution, high metabolism activities and efficient albumin secretion as well as high liver-specific genes expression. Therefore, the two-stage culture strategy based on operating parameters optimization provides a new method for the development of PB bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ce Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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24
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Hunter M, Yuan P, Vavilala D, Fox M. Optimization of Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 95:e77. [DOI: 10.1002/cpps.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Propagation and Molecular Characterization of Bioreactor Adapted Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolates of Malaysia. J Pathog 2018; 2018:1068758. [PMID: 30245887 PMCID: PMC6139196 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1068758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Malaysian very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) strains UPM0081 (also known as B00/81) and UPM190 (also known as UPM04/190) isolated from local IBD outbreaks in 2000 and 2004, respectively, were separately passaged for 12 consecutive times in 11-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) via the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route. The CEE passage 8 (EP8) isolates were passaged once in BGM-70 cell line yielding UPM0081EP8BGMP1 and UPM190EP8BGMP1, while the EP12 isolates were passaged 15 times in BGM-70 cell line yielding UPM0081EP12BGMP15 and UPM190EP12BGMP15 using T25 tissue culture flask. These isolates were all propagated once in bioreactor using cytodex 1 as microcarrier at 3 g per liter (3 g/L) yielding UPM0081EP8BGMP1BP1, UPM190EP8BGMP1BP1, UPM0081EP12BGMP15BP1, and UPM190EP12BGMP15BP1 isolates. The viruses were harvested at 3 days after inoculation, following the appearance of cytopathic effects (CPE) characterized by detachment from the microcarrier using standard protocol and filtered using 0.2 μm syringe filter. The filtrates were positive for IBDV by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the isolates were of the vvIBDV strains and were not different from the flask propagated parental viruses.
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26
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Piscopo NJ, Mueller KP, Das A, Hematti P, Murphy WL, Palecek SP, Capitini CM, Saha K. Bioengineering Solutions for Manufacturing Challenges in CAR T Cells. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:10.1002/biot.201700095. [PMID: 28840981 PMCID: PMC5796845 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The next generation of therapeutic products to be approved for the clinic is anticipated to be cell therapies, termed "living drugs" for their capacity to dynamically and temporally respond to changes during their production ex vivo and after their administration in vivo. Genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have rapidly developed into powerful tools to harness the power of immune system manipulation against cancer. Regulatory agencies are beginning to approve CAR T cell therapies due to their striking efficacy in treating some hematological malignancies. However, the engineering and manufacturing of such cells remains a challenge for widespread adoption of this technology. Bioengineering approaches including biomaterials, synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, process control and automation, and in vitro disease modeling could offer promising methods to overcome some of these challenges. Here, we describe the manufacturing process of CAR T cells, highlighting potential roles for bioengineers to partner with biologists and clinicians to advance the manufacture of these complex cellular products under rigorous regulatory and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Piscopo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine P Mueller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amritava Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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27
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Roh KH, Nerem RM, Roy K. Biomanufacturing of Therapeutic Cells: State of the Art, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 7:455-78. [PMID: 27276552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-033559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and other functionally defined therapeutic cells (e.g., T cells) are promising to bring hope of a permanent cure for diseases and disorders that currently cannot be cured by conventional drugs or biological molecules. This paradigm shift in modern medicine of using cells as novel therapeutics can be realized only if suitable manufacturing technologies for large-scale, cost-effective, reproducible production of high-quality cells can be developed. Here we review the state of the art in therapeutic cell manufacturing, including cell purification and isolation, activation and differentiation, genetic modification, expansion, packaging, and preservation. We identify current challenges and discuss opportunities to overcome them such that cell therapies become highly effective, safe, and predictively reproducible while at the same time becoming affordable and widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Roh
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Robert M Nerem
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Kim HN, Whitelock JM, Lord MS. Structure-Activity Relationships of Bioengineered Heparin/Heparan Sulfates Produced in Different Bioreactors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050806. [PMID: 28505124 PMCID: PMC6154572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate are structurally-related carbohydrates with therapeutic applications in anticoagulation, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. This study explored the effect of different bioreactor conditions on the production of heparin/heparan sulfate chains via the recombinant expression of serglycin in mammalian cells. Tissue culture flasks and continuously-stirred tank reactors promoted the production of serglycin decorated with heparin/heparan sulfate, as well as chondroitin sulfate, while the serglycin secreted by cells in the tissue culture flasks produced more highly-sulfated heparin/heparan sulfate chains. The serglycin produced in tissue culture flasks was effective in binding and signaling fibroblast growth factor 2, indicating the utility of this molecule in drug delivery and regenerative medicine applications in addition to its well-known anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Na Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Pörtner
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Denickestr. 15 D21071 Hamburg Germany
| | - Uwe Jandt
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Denickestr. 15 D21071 Hamburg Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Denickestr. 15 D21071 Hamburg Germany
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30
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Ge X, Yang L, Xu J. Cell Immobilization: Fundamentals, Technologies, and Applications. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807833.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Ge
- Arkansas State University; Arkansas Biosciences Institute; 504 University Loop Jonesboro AR 72401 USA
- Ohio State University, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering; 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster OH 77691 USA
| | - Liangcheng Yang
- Ohio State University, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering; 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster OH 77691 USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas State University; Arkansas Biosciences Institute; 504 University Loop Jonesboro AR 72401 USA
- Arkansas State University; College of Agriculture and Technology; 422 University Loop Jonesboro AR 72401 USA
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31
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Lesch HP, Heikkilä KM, Lipponen EM, Valonen P, Müller A, Räsänen E, Tuunanen T, Hassinen MM, Parker N, Karhinen M, Shaw R, Ylä-Herttuala S. Process Development of Adenoviral Vector Production in Fixed Bed Bioreactor: From Bench to Commercial Scale. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 26:560-71. [PMID: 26176404 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale vector manufacturing for phase III and beyond has proven to be challenging. Upscaling the process with suspension cells is increasingly feasible, but many viral production applications are still applicable only in adherent settings. Scaling up the adherent system has proven to be troublesome. The iCELLis(®) disposable fixed-bed bioreactors offer a possible option for viral vector manufacturing in large quantities in an adherent environment. In this study, we have optimized adenovirus serotype 5 manufacturing using iCELLis Nano with a cultivation area up to 4 m(2). HEK293 cell cultivation, infection, and harvest of the virus (by lysing the cells inside the bioreactor) proved possible, reaching total yield of up to 1.6×10(14) viral particles (vp)/batch. The iCELLis 500 is designed to satisfy demand for large-scale requirements. Inoculating a large quantity of cell mass into the iCELLis 500 was achieved by first expanding the cell mass in suspension. Upscaling the process into an iCELLis 500/100 m(2) cultivation area cassette was practical and produced up to 6.1×10(15) vp. Flask productivity per cm(2) in iCELLis Nano and iCELLis 500 was in the same range. As a conclusion, we showed for the first time that iCELLis 500 equipment has provided an effective way to manufacture large batches of adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna P Lesch
- 1 FKD Therapies, Kuopio, Finland.,2 FinVector Vision Therapies, Kuopio, Finland.,3 A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Eevi M Lipponen
- 1 FKD Therapies, Kuopio, Finland.,2 FinVector Vision Therapies, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Eva Räsänen
- 2 FinVector Vision Therapies, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Minna M Hassinen
- 1 FKD Therapies, Kuopio, Finland.,2 FinVector Vision Therapies, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nigel Parker
- 1 FKD Therapies, Kuopio, Finland.,2 FinVector Vision Therapies, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Robert Shaw
- 1 FKD Therapies, Kuopio, Finland.,2 FinVector Vision Therapies, Kuopio, Finland.,3 A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- 3 A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland.,4 Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio, Finland
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32
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Biomanufacturing of human mesenchymal stem cells in cell therapy: Influence of microenvironment on scalable expansion in bioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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33
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34
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Insect cell entrapment, growth and recovering using a single-use fixed-bed bioreactor. Scaling up and recombinant protein production. J Biotechnol 2015; 216:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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36
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Deng F, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Wang Y, Li N, Li S, Guo X, Ma X. Development of a bioreactor based on magnetically stabilized fluidized bed for bioartificial liver. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:2369-77. [PMID: 26391509 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioartificial liver (BAL) based on microcapsules has been proposed as a potential treatment for acute liver failure. The bioreactors used in such BAL are usually expected to achieve sufficient flow rate and minimized void volume for effective application. Due to the superiorities in bed pressure drop and operation velocity, magnetically stabilized fluidized beds (MSFBs) show the potential to serve as ideal microcapsule-based bioreactors. In the present study, we attempted to develop a microcapsule-based MSFB bioreactor for bioartificial liver device. Compared to conventional-fluidized bed bioreactors, the bioreactor presented here increased perfusion velocity and decreased void volume significantly. Meanwhile, the mechanical stability as well as the immunoisolation property of magnetite microcapsules were well maintained during the fluidization. Besides, the magnetite microcapsules were found no toxicity to cell survival. Therefore, our study might provide a novel approach for the design of microcapsule-based bioartificial liver bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Deng
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shen Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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37
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38
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39
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Kaiser SC, Kraume M, Eibl D, Eibl R. Single-Use Bioreactors for Animal and Human Cells. CELL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10320-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Rajendran R, Lingala R, Vuppu SK, Bandi BO, Manickam E, Macherla SR, Dubois S, Havelange N, Maithal K. Assessment of packed bed bioreactor systems in the production of viral vaccines. AMB Express 2014; 4:25. [PMID: 24949260 PMCID: PMC4052670 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is believed to be the most effective method for the prevention of infectious diseases. Thus it is imperative to develop cost effective and scalable process for the production of vaccines so as to make them affordable for mass use. In this study, performance of a novel disposable iCELLis fixed bed bioreactor system was investigated for the production of some viral vaccines like Rabies, Hepatitis-A and Chikungunya vaccines in comparison to conventional systems like the commercially available packed bed system and roller bottle system. Vero and MRC-5 cell substrates were evaluated for growth parameters in all the three systems maintaining similar seeding density, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and media components. It was observed that Vero cells showed similar growth in all the three bioreactors whereas MRC-5 cells showed better growth in iCELLis Nano system and roller bottle system. Subsequently, the virus infection and antigen production studies also revealed that for Hepatitis-A and Chikungunya iCELLis Nano bioreactor system was better to the commercial packed bed bioreactor and roller bottle systems. Although for rabies antigen production commercially available packed bed bioreactor system was found to be better. This study shows that different bioreactor platforms may be employed for viral vaccine production and iCELLis Nano is one of such new convenient and a stable platform for production of human viral vaccines.
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41
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Dalton AC, Barton WA. Over-expression of secreted proteins from mammalian cell lines. Protein Sci 2014; 23:517-25. [PMID: 24510886 PMCID: PMC4005704 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Secreted mammalian proteins require the development of robust protein over-expression systems for crystallographic and biophysical studies of protein function. Due to complex disulfide bonds and distinct glycosylation patterns preventing folding and expression in prokaryotic expression hosts, many secreted proteins necessitate production in more complex eukaryotic expression systems. Here, we elaborate on the methods used to obtain high yields of purified secreted proteins from transiently or stably transfected mammalian cell lines. Among the issues discussed are the selection of appropriate expression vectors, choice of signal sequences for protein secretion, availability of fusion tags for enhancing protein stability and purification, choice of cell line, and the large-scale growth of cells in a variety of formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamarie C Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298
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42
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Mrakovcic M, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Fröhlich E. Reaction of monocytes to polystyrene and silica nanoparticles in short-term and long-term exposures. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014; 3:86-97. [PMID: 26005565 PMCID: PMC4441011 DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in industrial, health and consumer products. In addition to the intended effects, NPs may also cause cell damage. Typical cytotoxicity assays assess short-term effects in adherent cells but do not evaluate longer exposure times and do not focus on cells in suspension. Since NPs are not removed easily from the organism, non-biodegradable NPs may persist in the systemic circulation and affect monocyte function at low concentrations. To mimic this situation, THP-1 monocytes were exposed to low concentrations of plain polystyrene particles (PPP) in different sizes for short (24 h) and prolonged (16 d) time periods. CELLine CL350, a small two-chamber bioreactor, and sub-culturing in flasks were compared regarding prolonged cytotoxicity testing. Uptake rates of the particles, cytotoxicity screening assays, and interleukin secretion were used for the identification of adverse effects. After 24 h, 50 μg ml-1 20 nm PPP did not affect cellular viability and interleukin secretion, while at higher concentrations the cytotoxicity of PPP (20 nm-500 nm) was correlated to surface area. After 16 d of exposure at 50 μg ml-1 20 nm PPP, the decrease in cell number and the increase in interleukins were significant. 200 nm PPP, by contrast, caused only minimal effects. Due to lower reproducibility, CELLine proved to be less suitable for the assessment as compared to sub-culturing in flasks. After prolonged exposure, silica Aerosil OX50 particles also were more cytotoxic towards THP-1 monocytes. The data suggest that prolonged exposure to NPs leads to cytotoxicity at low doses and that induction of cell death may be involved in the observed pro-inflammatory action of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mrakovcic
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Meindl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Helmholtzstr. 46, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, Graz, Austria
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43
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Jain E, Kumar A. Disposable polymeric cryogel bioreactor matrix for therapeutic protein production. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:821-35. [PMID: 23558783 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low cost and high efficiency make disposable bioreactors feasible for small-scale therapeutic development and initial clinical trials. We have developed a cryogel-based disposable bioreactor matrix, which has been used for production of protein therapeutics such as urokinase and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The protocol discusses the application of a cryogel bioreactor for mAb production. Cryogels composed of either polyacrylamide (PAAm) coupled to gelatin or semi-interpenetrating PAAm-chitosan are synthesized by free-radical polymerization at -12 °C. Hybridoma cells are immobilized over the cryogel bioreactor and incubated for 48 h. Medium is circulated thereafter at 0.2 ml min(-1) and bioreactors can be run continuously for 60 d. The cryogel-based packed-bed bioreactor can be formulated as a monolith or as beads; it also has an efficiency four times what can be obtained using a tissue-culture flask, a high surface-to-volume ratio and effective nutrient transport. After incubation, the bioreactor setup will take about 60 min using a pre-prepared sterilized cryogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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44
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Jain E, Kumar A. Designing Supermacroporous Cryogels Based on Polyacrylonitrile and a Polyacrylamide–Chitosan Semi-interpenetrating Network. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:877-902. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x444321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Era Jain
- a Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208 016-Kanpur, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- b Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208 016-Kanpur, India
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45
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Brzonkalik K, Herrling T, Syldatk C, Neumann A. Process development for the elucidation of mycotoxin formation in Alternaria alternata. AMB Express 2011; 1:27. [PMID: 21970547 PMCID: PMC3222323 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The black mould Alternaria alternata produces a wide diversity of mycotoxins which are of particular health concern. Since no maximum allowable limits are set for Alternaria toxins in food and feed, prevention of Alternaria infestations and mycotoxin spoilage is the only way to avoid health risks. Thus, the understanding of mycotoxin biosynthesis is essential. For that purpose, a reliable batch process in a 2 L bioreactor was established which enables the study of several parameters influencing the production of the mycotoxins alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethylether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TA) by A. alternata DSM 12633. Modified Czapek-Dox medium was used with glucose as carbon source and ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen sources. Consumption of carbon and nitrogen sources as well as formation of the three mycotoxins were monitored; the average data of five independent fermentations was plotted and fitted using a logistic equation with four parameters. Maximum mycotoxin concentrations of 3.49 ± 0.12 mg/L AOH, 1.62 ± 0.14 mg/L AME and 38.28 ± 0.1 mg/L TA were obtained.In this system the effect of different aeration rates (0.53 vvm-0.013 vvm) was tested which exerted a great influence on mycotoxin production. The use of the semi-synthetic Czapek-Dox medium allowed the exchange of carbon and nitrogen sources for acetate and aspartic acid. The use of acetate instead of glucose resulted in the sole production of alternariol whereas the exchange of ammonium and nitrate for aspartate enhanced the production of both AOH and AME while TA production was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Brzonkalik
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Herrling
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anke Neumann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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46
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Huang TK, McDonald KA. Bioreactor systems for in vitro production of foreign proteins using plant cell cultures. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:398-409. [PMID: 21846499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant cells have been demonstrated to be an attractive heterologous expression host (using whole plants and in vitro plant cell cultures) for foreign protein production in the past 20years. In recent years in vitro liquid cultures of plant cells in a fully contained bioreactor have become promising alternatives to traditional microbial fermentation and mammalian cell cultures as a foreign protein expression platform, due to the unique features of plant cells as a production host including product safety, cost-effective biomanufacturing, and the capacity for complex protein post-translational modifications. Heterologous proteins such as therapeutics, antibodies, vaccines and enzymes for pharmaceutical and industrial applications have been successfully expressed in plant cell culture-based bioreactor systems including suspended dedifferentiated plant cells, moss, and hairy roots, etc. In this article, the current status and emerging trends of plant cell culture for in vitro production of foreign proteins will be discussed with emphasis on the technological progress that has been made in plant cell culture bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuo Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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47
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Bioreactor Systems for Producing Antibody from Mammalian Cells. ANTIBODY EXPRESSION AND PRODUCTION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1257-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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48
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Yeatts AB, Fisher JP. Tubular perfusion system for the long-term dynamic culture of human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 17:337-48. [PMID: 20929287 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture techniques must be improved to increase the feasibility of cell-based tissue engineering strategies. To enhance nutrient transport we have developed a novel bioreactor, the tubular perfusion system (TPS), to culture human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in three-dimensional scaffolds. This system utilizes an elegant design to create a more effective environment for cell culture. In our design, hMSCs in the TPS bioreactor are encapsulated in alginate beads that are tightly packed in a tubular growth chamber. The medium is perfused by a peristaltic pump through the growth chamber and around the tightly packed scaffolds enhancing nutrient transfer while exposing the cells to shear stress. Results demonstrate that bioreactor culture supports early osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs as shown by alkaline phosphatase gene expression. After 14 and 28 days of culture significant increases in the gene expression levels of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 were observed with bioreactor culture, and expression of these markers was shown to increase with media flow rate. These results demonstrate the TPS bioreactor as an effective means to culture hMSCs and provide insight to the effect of long-term shear stresses on differentiating hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Yeatts
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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49
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Jain E, Karande AA, Kumar A. Supermacroporous polymer-based cryogel bioreactor for monoclonal antibody production in continuous culture using hybridoma cells. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 27:170-80. [PMID: 20865749 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cryogel matrices composed of different polymeric blends were synthesized, yielding a unique combination of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity with the presence or absence of charged surface. Four such cryogel matrices composed of polyacrylamide-chitosan (PAAC), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-chitosan, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) were tested for growth of different hybridoma cell lines and production of antibody in static culture. All the matrices were capable for the adherence of hybridoma cell lines 6A4D7, B7B10, and H9E10 to the polymeric surfaces as well as for the efficient monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. PAAC proved to be relatively better in terms of both mAb production and cell growth. Further, PAAC cryogel was designed into three different formats, monolith, disks, and beads, and used as packing material for packed-bed bioreactor. Long-term cultivation of 6A4D7 cell line on PAAC cryogel scaffold in all the three formats could be successfully done for a period of 6 weeks under static conditions. Continuous packed-bed bioreactor was setup using 6A4D7 hybridoma cell line in the three reactor formats. The reactors ran continuously for a period of 60 days during which mAb production and metabolism of cells in the bioreactors were monitored periodically. The monolith bioreactor performed most efficiently over a period of 60 days and produced a total of 57.5 mg of antibody in the first 30 days (in 500 mL) with a highest concentration of 115 μg mL(-1) , which is fourfold higher than t-flask culture. The results demonstrate that appropriate chemistry and geometry of the bioreactor matrix for cell growth and immobilization can enhance the reactor productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Jain
- Dept. of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 Kanpur, India
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50
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Enzyme replacement therapy for Morquio A: an active recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase produced in Escherichia coli BL21. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:1193-201. [PMID: 20582614 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) deficiency. Currently no effective therapies exist for MPS IVA. In this work, production of a recombinant GALNS enzyme (rGALNS) in Escherichia coli BL21 strain was studied. At shake scale, the effect of glucose concentration on microorganism growth, and microorganism culture and induction times on rGALNS production were evaluated. At bench scale, the effect of aeration and agitation on microorganism growth, and culture and induction times were evaluated. The highest enzyme activity levels at shake scale were observed in 12 h culture after 2-4 h induction. At bench scale the highest enzyme activity levels were observed after 2 h induction. rGALNS amounts in inclusion bodies fraction were up to 17-fold higher than those observed in the soluble fraction. However, the highest levels of active enzyme were found in the soluble fraction. Western blot analysis showed the presence of a 50-kDa band, in both soluble and inclusion bodies fractions. These results show for the first time the feasibility and potential of production of active rGALNS in a prokaryotic system for development of enzyme replacement therapy for MPS IVA disease.
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