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Küçüksolak M, Çoban HB, Bedir E. Optimization of biotransformation processes of Camarosporium laburnicola to improve production yields of potent telomerase activators. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:196. [PMID: 38987741 PMCID: PMC11234680 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase activators are promising agents for the healthy aging process and the treatment/prevention of short telomere-related and age-related diseases. The discovery of new telomerase activators and later optimizing their activities through chemical and biological transformations are crucial for the pharmaceutical sector. In our previous studies, several potent telomerase activators were discovered via fungal biotransformation, which in turn necessitated optimization of their production. It is practical to improve the production processes by implementing the design of experiment (DoE) strategy, leading to increased yield and productivity. In this study, we focused on optimizing biotransformation conditions utilizing Camarosporium laburnicola, a recently discovered filamentous fungus, to afford the target telomerase activators (E-CG-01, E-AG-01, and E-AG-02). RESULTS DoE approaches were used to optimize the microbial biotransformation processes of C. laburnicola. Nine parameters were screened by Plackett-Burman Design, and three significant parameters (biotransformation time, temperature, shaking speed) were optimized using Central Composite Design. After conducting validation experiments, we were able to further enhance the production yield of target metabolites through scale-up studies in shake flasks (55.3-fold for E-AG-01, 13-fold for E-AG-02, and 1.96-fold for E-CG-01). CONCLUSION Following a process optimization study using C. laburnicola, a significant increase was achieved in the production yields. Thus, the present study demonstrates a promising methodology to increase the production yield of potent telomerase activators. Furthermore, C. laburnicola is identified as a potential biocatalyst for further industrial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Küçüksolak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Urla, İzmir, 35433, Turkey
| | - Hasan Buğra Çoban
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balçova, İzmir, 35340, Turkey
| | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Urla, İzmir, 35433, Turkey.
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2
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Yoshimoto S, Ishii S, Kawashiri A, Matsushita T, Linke D, Göttig S, Kempf VAJ, Takai M, Hori K. Adhesion preference of the sticky bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1342418. [PMID: 38375452 PMCID: PMC10875045 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1342418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 exhibits high adhesiveness to various surfaces of general materials, from hydrophobic plastics to hydrophilic glass and metals, via AtaA, an Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter adhesin Although the adhesion of Tol 5 is nonspecific, Tol 5 cells may have prefer materials for adhesion. Here, we examined the adhesion of Tol 5 and other bacteria expressing different TAAs to various materials, including antiadhesive surfaces. The results highlighted the stickiness of Tol 5 through the action of AtaA, which enabled Tol 5 cells to adhere even to antiadhesive materials, including polytetrafluoroethylene with a low surface free energy, a hydrophilic polymer brush with steric hindrance, and mica with an ultrasmooth surface. Single-cell force spectroscopy as an atomic force microscopy technique revealed the strong cell adhesion force of Tol 5 to these antiadhesive materials. Nevertheless, Tol 5 cells showed a weak adhesion force toward a zwitterionic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer-coated surface. Dynamic flow chamber experiments revealed that Tol 5 cells, once attached to the MPC polymer-coated surface, were exfoliated by weak shear stress. The underlying adhesive mechanism was presumed to involve exchangeable, weakly bound water molecules. Our results will contribute to the understanding and control of cell adhesion of Tol 5 for immobilized bioprocess applications and other TAA-expressing pathogenic bacteria of medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayane Kawashiri
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taishi Matsushita
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Hori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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3
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Salama S, Mostafa HS, Husseiny S, Sebak M. Actinobacteria as Microbial Cell Factories and Biocatalysts in The Synthesis of Chiral Intermediates and Bioactive Molecules; Insights and Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301205. [PMID: 38155095 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are one of the most intriguing bacterial phyla in terms of chemical diversity and bioactivities of their reported biomolecules and natural products, including various types of chiral molecules. Actinobacterial genera such as Detzia, Mycobacterium, and Streptomyces are among the microbial sources targeted for selective reactions such as asymmetric biocatalysis catalyzed by whole cells or enzymes induced in their cell niche. Remarkably, stereoselective reactions catalyzed by actinobacterial whole cells or their enzymes include stereoselective oxidation, stereoselective reduction, kinetic resolution, asymmetric hydrolysis, and selective transamination, among others. Species of actinobacteria function with high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivity under benign conditions, which could help current industrial processing. Numerous selective enzymes were either isolated from actinobacteria or expressed from actinobacteria in other microbes and hence exploited in the production of pure organic compounds difficult to obtain chemically. In addition, different species of actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces species, function as natural producers of chiral molecules of therapeutic importance. Herein, we discuss some of the most outstanding contributions of actinobacteria to asymmetric biocatalysis, which are important in the organic and/or pharmaceutical industries. In addition, we highlight the role of actinobacteria as microbial cell factories for chiral natural products with insights into their various biological potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Sayed Mostafa
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah Husseiny
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, 62517, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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4
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Cheng J, Zhang C, Zhang K, Li J, Hou Y, Xin J, Sun Y, Xu C, Xu W. Cyanobacteria-Mediated Light-Driven Biotransformation: The Current Status and Perspectives. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42062-42071. [PMID: 38024730 PMCID: PMC10653055 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Most chemicals are manufactured by traditional chemical processes but at the expense of toxic catalyst use, high energy consumption, and waste generation. Biotransformation is a green, sustainable, and cost-effective process. As cyanobacteria can use light as the energy source to power the synthesis of NADPH and ATP, using cyanobacteria as the chassis organisms to design and develop light-driven biotransformation platforms for chemical synthesis has been gaining attention, since it can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the sustainable and green production of chemicals. Meanwhile, metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques have tremendous prospects for further engineering and optimizing chassis cells to achieve efficient light-driven systems for synthesizing various chemicals. Here, we display the potential of cyanobacteria as a promising light-driven biotransformation platform for the efficient synthesis of green chemicals and current achievements of light-driven biotransformation processes in wild-type or genetically modified cyanobacteria. Meanwhile, future perspectives of one-pot enzymatic cascade biotransformation from biobased materials in cyanobacteria have been proposed, which could provide additional research insights for green biotransformation and accelerate the advancement of biomanufacturing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chaobo Zhang
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea,
School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration,
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean
and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration,
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean
and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuyong Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotech-nology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jiachao Xin
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chengshuai Xu
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
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5
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Willetts A. Bicyclo[3.2.0]carbocyclic Molecules and Redox Biotransformations: The Evolution of Closed-Loop Artificial Linear Biocatalytic Cascades and Related Redox-Neutral Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:7249. [PMID: 37959669 PMCID: PMC10649493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of cofactor recycling in determining the efficiency of artificial biocatalytic cascades has become paramount in recent years. Closed-loop cofactor recycling, which initially emerged in the 1990s, has made a valuable contribution to the development of this aspect of biotechnology. However, the evolution of redox-neutral closed-loop cofactor recycling has a longer history that has been integrally linked to the enzymology of oxy-functionalised bicyclo[3.2.0]carbocyclic molecule metabolism throughout. This review traces that relevant history from the mid-1960s to current times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Willetts
- Curnow Consultancies Ltd., Trewithen House, Helston TR13 9PQ, Cornwall, UK
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6
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Wang CN, Qiu S, Fan FF, Lyu CJ, Hu S, Zhao WR, Mei JQ, Mei LH, Huang J. Enhancing the organic solvent resistance of ω-amine transaminase for enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(+)-1(1-naphthyl)-ethylamine. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300120. [PMID: 37337619 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocatalysis in high-concentration organic solvents has been applied to produce various industrial products with many advantages. However, using enzymes in organic solvents often suffers from inactivation or decreased catalytic activity and stability. An R-selective ω-amine transaminase from Aspergillus terreus (AtATA) exhibited activity toward 1-acetylnaphthalene. However, AtATA displayed unsatisfactory organic solvent resistance, which is required to enhance the solubility of the hydrophobic substrate 1-acetylnaphthalene. So, improving the tolerance of enzymes in organic solvents is essential. MAIN METHODS AND RESULTS The method of regional random mutation combined with combinatorial mutation was used to improve the resistance of AtATA in organic solvents. Enzyme surface areas are structural elements that undergo reversible conformational transitions, thus affecting the stability of the enzyme in organic solvents. Herein, three surface areas containing three loops were selected as potential mutation regions. And the "best" mutant T23I/T200K/P260S (M3) was acquired. In different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the catalytic efficiency (kcat /Km ) toward 1-acetylnaphthalene and the stability (half-life t1/2 ) were higher than the wild-type (WT) of AtATA. The results of decreased Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) values via 20-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations under 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% DMSO revealed that mutant M3 had lower flexibility, acquiring a more stable protein structure and contributing to its organic solvents stability than WT. Furthermore, M3 was applied to convert 1-acetylnaphthalene for synthesizing (R)-(+)-1(1-naphthyl)-ethylamine ((R)-NEA), which was an intermediate of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride for the treatment of secondary hyperthyroidism and hypercalcemia. Moreover, in a 20-mL scale-up experiment, 10 mM 1-acetylnaphthalene can be converted to (R)-NEA with 85.2% yield and a strict R-stereoselectivity (enantiomeric excess (e.e.) value >99.5%) within 10 h under 25% DMSO. CONCLUSION The beneficial mutation sites were identified to tailor AtATA's organic solvents stability via regional random mutation. The "best" mutant T23I/T200K/P260S (M3) holds great potential application for the synthesis of (R)-NEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-Rui Zhao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia-Qi Mei
- Hangzhou Huadong Medicine Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le-He Mei
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Küçüksolak M, Yılmaz S, Ballar-Kırmızıbayrak P, Bedir E. Potent telomerase activators from a novel sapogenin via biotransformation utilizing Camarosporium laburnicola, an endophytic fungus. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:66. [PMID: 37024895 PMCID: PMC10080871 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloartane-type triterpenoids possess important biological activities, including immunostimulant, wound healing, and telomerase activation. Biotransformation is one of the derivatization strategies of natural products to improve their bioactivities. Endophytic fungi have attracted attention in biotransformation studies because of their ability to perform modifications in complex structures with a high degree of stereospecificity. RESULTS This study focuses on biotransformation studies on cyclocephagenol (1), a novel cycloartane-type sapogenin from Astragalus species, and its 12-hydroxy derivatives (2 and 3) to obtain new telomerase activators. Since the hTERT protein levels of cyclocephagenol (1) and its 12-hydroxy derivatives (2 and 3) on HEKn cells were found to be notable, biotransformation studies were carried out on cyclocephagenol and its 12-hydroxy derivatives using Camarosporium laburnicola, an endophytic fungus isolated from Astragalus angustifolius. Later, immunoblotting and PCR-based ELISA assay were used to screen starting compounds and biotransformation products for their effects on hTERT protein levels and telomerase activation. All compounds showed improved telomerase activation compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS As a result of biotransformation studies, seven new metabolites were obtained and characterized, verifying the potential of C. laburnicola as a biocatalyst. Additionally, the bioactivity results showed that this endophytic biocatalyst is unique in transforming the metabolites of its host to afford potent telomerase activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Küçüksolak
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Türkiye, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yılmaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alanya Aladdin Keykubat, Antalya, Türkiye, Turkey
| | | | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Türkiye, Turkey.
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Wang L, Wu X, Gao C, Wei L, Li Q, Li A. A Fungal P450 Enzyme from Fusarium graminearum with Unique 12β-Steroid Hydroxylation Activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0196322. [PMID: 36853033 PMCID: PMC10057880 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01963-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new cytochrome P450 enzyme, namely, CYP68J5_Fusarium graminearum (CYP68J5_fg), was identified from Fusarium graminearum via a combination of transcriptome sequencing and heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biotransformation of progesterone by whole-cells of S. cerevisiae expressing CYP68J5_fg revealed that the CYP68J5_fg possessed steroidal 12β- and 15α-hydroxylase activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a fungal P450 enzyme with 12β-hydroxylase activity has been identified. This advance offers opportunities to boost the efficiency and selectivity of the CYP68J5_fg hydroxylating system and thus shows great potential for further applications of this enzyme for the synthesis of steroid drugs. IMPORTANCE Regioselective and stereoselective hydroxylation is of vital importance in the functionalization of steroids, which remains challenging in organic synthesis. In particular, the C12-hydroxy steroids play a significant role in the synthesis of many important steroidal drugs. In this study, a novel fungal P450 enzyme with 12β-hydroxylation activity was identified, and it shows different substrate specificity and regioselectivity, compared to the bacterial and fungal steroidal hydroxylases that are known to date. This lays the foundation for the creation of effective biocatalysts for the process of 12β-hydroxylation, although further understanding of the molecular structural basis of this fungal P450 is needed to facilitate the engineering of this enzyme for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical Collage of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingrui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Yoshimoto S, Aoki S, Ohara Y, Ishikawa M, Suzuki A, Linke D, Lupas AN, Hori K. Identification of the adhesive domain of AtaA from Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 and its application in immobilizing Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1095057. [PMID: 36698637 PMCID: PMC9868564 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1095057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell immobilization is an important technique for efficiently utilizing whole-cell biocatalysts. We previously invented a method for bacterial cell immobilization using AtaA, a trimeric autotransporter adhesin from the highly sticky bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5. However, except for Acinetobacter species, only one bacterium has been successfully immobilized using AtaA. This is probably because the heterologous expression of large AtaA (1 MDa), that is a homotrimer of polypeptide chains composed of 3,630 amino acids, is difficult. In this study, we identified the adhesive domain of AtaA and constructed a miniaturized AtaA (mini-AtaA) to improve the heterologous expression of ataA. In-frame deletion mutants were used to perform functional mapping, revealing that the N-terminal head domain is essential for the adhesive feature of AtaA. The mini-AtaA, which contains a homotrimer of polypeptide chains from 775 amino acids and lacks the unnecessary part for its adhesion, was properly expressed in E. coli, and a larger amount of molecules was displayed on the cell surface than that of full-length AtaA (FL-AtaA). The immobilization ratio of E. coli cells expressing mini-AtaA on a polyurethane foam support was significantly higher compared to the cells with or without FL-AtaA expression, respectively. The expression of mini-AtaA in E. coli had little effect on the cell growth and the activity of another enzyme reflecting the production level, and the immobilized E. coli cells could be used for repetitive enzymatic reactions as a whole-cell catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sota Aoki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahito Ishikawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuo Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrei N. Lupas
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katsutoshi Hori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan,*Correspondence: Katsutoshi Hori,
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10
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Zhong ZH, Zhang YQ. Green immobilization and efficient proliferation of Escherichia coli cells in polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel membranes by unidirectional nanopore dehydration. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:264. [PMID: 36536406 PMCID: PMC9764694 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immobilized technology for microbial or cells has the advantages of high microbial activity, high microbial density per unit space, good tolerance, strong shock, load resistance, high processing efficiency, and high reuse rate. It is now widely used in environmental remediation, water quality treatment, biodegradation, food industry, chemical analysis, energy development, medicine and pharmaceuticals, and other fields. RESULTS A novel Escherichia coli cell-immobilizing polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel membrane (ECI-PVAHM) was prepared by unidirectional nanopore dehydration (UND) from a 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution containing enhanced green fluorescent protein-labeled E. coli. This bacteria-loaded film has high water stability, flexibility, transparency, and mechanical robustness. Its tensile strength, elongation rate, and swelling rate are in the ranges 0.66-0.90 MPa, 300-390%, and 330-800%, respectively. The effective bacterial load of ECI-PVAHM is 2.375 × 109-1010 CFU/g (dry weight), which does not affect the original crystal structure of the PVAHM. This biofilm has a porous network structure with pore sizes between 0.2 and 1.0 μm, and these cells are embedded in the PVAHM network. When the immobilized cells were continuously cultured for 20 days, and the medium was renewed twice daily, their relative proliferation efficiency after 40 cycles could still be maintained at ~ 91%. CONCLUSION The above results show that the cell division, proliferation ability, and metabolic activity of immobilized E. coli were not affected by the physical barrier of the porous network structure of the hydrogel. This UND-based ECI-PVAHM has potential applications in molecular biology, biopharmaceutical expression and production, bioreactors, and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhong
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123 China
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11
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Küçüksolak M, Üner G, Ballar Kırmızıbayrak P, Bedir E. Neuroprotective metabolites via fungal biotransformation of a novel sapogenin, cyclocephagenol. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18481. [PMID: 36323752 PMCID: PMC9630500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclocephagenol (1), a novel cycloartane-type sapogenin with tetrahydropyran unit, is only encountered in Astragalus species. This rare sapogenin has never been a topic of biological activity or modification studies. The objectives of this study were; (i) to perform microbial transformation studies on cyclocephagenol (1) using Astragalus endophyte, Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1, followed by isolation and structural characterization of the metabolites; (ii) to investigate neuroprotective activities of the metabolites; (iii) to understand structure-activity relationships towards neuroprotection. The microbial transformation of cyclocephagenol (1) using Alternaria eureka resulted in the production of twenty-one (2-22) previously undescribed metabolites. Oxidation, monooxygenation, dehydration, methyl migration, epoxidation, and ring expansion reactions were observed on the triterpenoid skeleton. Structures of the compounds were established by 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-MS analyses. The neuroprotective activities of metabolites and parent compound (1) were evaluated against H2O2-induced cell injury. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) was established, and the results revealed that 1 and several other metabolites had potent neuroprotective activity. Further studies revealed that selected compounds reduced the amount of ROS and preserved the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. This is the first report of microbial transformation of cyclocephagenol (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Küçüksolak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Göklem Üner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Türkiye.
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12
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Rapamycin enhanced the production of 2-phenylethanol during whole-cell bioconversion by yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6471-6481. [PMID: 36098787 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE), a higher alcohol with a rose-like odor, has been widely utilized in food, perfume, and beverages. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most promising microorganisms for the biosynthesis of natural 2-PE. However, the growth of S. cerevisiae is generally inhibited by 2-PE, which makes its production in yeast cell factories challenging. Here, the whole-cell bioconversion was used to avert growth inhibition, leading to an increase in the concentration and productivity of 2-PE. Moreover, rapamycin (Rap) addition further improved the efficiency of 2-PE synthesis. The concentration of 2-PE (2.20 g/L) was 1.68-fold higher than that in the absence of Rap during the whole-cell bioconversion by S. cerevisiae BY4741. RT-qPCR results showed that Rap addition increased the transcription of ARO9, ARO10, ADH2, GAP1, ARO80, GLN3, and GDH2. When the GLN3 was knocked out, the transcriptional levels of the genes were dramatically decreased, and the concentration of 2-PE significantly decreased to 0.21 g/L. The results indicated that Rap enhanced the flux of the Ehrlich pathway, and Gln3 exerted a central role in the regulation of Rap. Furthermore, commercial yeast (S. cerevisiae FY202001) was selected to verify the applicability of Rap. In the presence of Rap, 3.67 g/L 2-PE was obtained by whole-cell bioconversion in flask, which was increased by 9% than that in the absence of Rap. Finally, the 2-PE titer reached 4.93 g/L by whole-cell bioconversion in a 5 L bioreactor, with a yield of 84 mol% from L-phenylalanine and a productivity of 0.103 g/L h, which was far higher than that of the currently reported in S. cerevisiae. These findings provided a new idea for the efficient synthesis of 2-PE. KEY POINTS: • Whole-cell bioconversion was used to produce 2-PE. • The regulation of the Ehrlich pathway by Rap provides a theoretical basis for developing an effective yeast cell factory to produce 2-PE. • The 2-PE productivity of 0.103 g/L h is far higher than that of the currently reported in S. cerevisiae .
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13
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Roda S, Fernandez-Lopez L, Benedens M, Bollinger A, Thies S, Schumacher J, Coscolín C, Kazemi M, Santiago G, Gertzen CGW, Gonzalez-Alfonso JL, Plou FJ, Jaeger KE, Smits SHJ, Ferrer M, Guallar V. A Plurizyme with Transaminase and Hydrolase Activity Catalyzes Cascade Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207344. [PMID: 35734849 PMCID: PMC9540564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Engineering dual‐function single polypeptide catalysts with two abiotic or biotic catalytic entities (or combinations of both) supporting cascade reactions is becoming an important area of enzyme engineering and catalysis. Herein we present the development of a PluriZyme, TR2E2, with efficient native transaminase (kcat: 69.49±1.77 min−1) and artificial esterase (kcat: 3908–0.41 min−1) activities integrated into a single scaffold, and evaluate its utility in a cascade reaction. TR2E2 (pHopt: 8.0–9.5; Topt: 60–65 °C) efficiently converts methyl 3‐oxo‐4‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoate into 3‐(R)‐amino‐4‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid, a crucial intermediate for the synthesis of antidiabetic drugs. The reaction proceeds through the conversion of the β‐keto ester into the β‐keto acid at the hydrolytic site and subsequently into the β‐amino acid (e.e. >99 %) at the transaminase site. The catalytic power of the TR2E2PluriZyme was proven with a set of β‐keto esters, demonstrating the potential of such designs to address bioinspired cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Roda
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marius Benedens
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Bollinger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich, Building 15.8, 01/303, 52428, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich, Building 15.8, 01/303, 52428, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Cristina Coscolín
- Department of Applied Biocatalysis, ICP, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Masoud Kazemi
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Santiago
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Francisco J Plou
- Department of Applied Biocatalysis, ICP, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich, Building 15.8, 01/303, 52428, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Department of Applied Biocatalysis, ICP, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Guallar
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Wang M, Zhou X, Wang Z, Chen Y. Enzyme-catalyzed allylic oxidation reactions: A mini-review. Front Chem 2022; 10:950149. [PMID: 36046724 PMCID: PMC9420900 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.950149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral allylic oxidized products play an increasingly important role in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Biocatalytic C–H oxyfunctionalization to synthesize allylic oxidized products has attracted great attention in recent years, with the ability to simplify synthetic approaches toward complex compounds. As a result, scientists have found some new enzymes and mutants through techniques of gene mining and enzyme-directed evolution in recent years. This review summarizes the recent developments in biocatalytic selective oxidation of olefins by different kinds of biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzheng Chen,
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15
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Li N, Zong MH. (Chemo)biocatalytic Upgrading of Biobased Furanic Platforms to Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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16
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Roda S, Fernandez-Lopez L, Benedens M, Bollinger A, Thies S, Schumacher J, Coscolín C, Kazemi M, Santiago G, Gertzen CGW, Gonzalez-Alfonso JL, Plou FJ, Jaeger KE, Smits SHJ, Ferrer M, Guallar V. A Plurizyme with Transaminase and Hydrolase Activity Catalyzes Cascade Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Roda
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center: Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion Department of Life Sciences Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31 08034 Barcelona SPAIN
| | - Laura Fernandez-Lopez
- ICP: Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica Department of Applied Biocatalysis Marie Curie 2 28049 Madrid SPAIN
| | - Marius Benedens
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Center for Structural Studies Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Bldg 15.8, 01/303 40228 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| | - Alexander Bollinger
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Bldg 15.8, 01/303 52428 Jülich GERMANY
| | - Stephan Thies
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Bldg 15.8, 01/303 52428 Jülich GERMANY
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Center for Structural Studies Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1 40228 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| | - Cristina Coscolín
- ICP: Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica Department of Applied Biocatalysis Marie Curie 28049 Madrid SPAIN
| | - Masoud Kazemi
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center: Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion Department of Life Sciences Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31 08034 Barcelona SPAIN
| | - Gerard Santiago
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center: Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion Department of Life Sciences Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31 08034 Barcelona SPAIN
| | - Christoph G. W. Gertzen
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry 40228 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| | - Jose L. Gonzalez-Alfonso
- ICP: Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica Department of Applied Biocatalysis Marie Curie 2 28049 Madrid SPAIN
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- ICP: Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica Department of Applied Biocatalysis Marie Curie 2 28049 Madrid SPAIN
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Forschungszentrum Julich ICG: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Bldg 15.8, 01/303 52428 Jülich GERMANY
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf Center for Structural Studies 40228 Düsseldorf GERMANY
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Institute of Catalysis CSIC Department of Biocatalysis Marie Curie 2Campus Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid SPAIN
| | - Víctor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center: Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion Department of Life Sciences Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31 08034 Barcelona SPAIN
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17
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Biotransformation of Androstenedione by Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Cultural Heritage Sites in the State Tretyakov Gallery. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060883. [PMID: 35741405 PMCID: PMC9220046 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microorganisms are able to grow on substrates of the most diverse nature. One of the most practical habitats, in terms of cultural heritage conservation, is fine art objects such as tempera or oil paintings on canvas. Since tempera paints are produced on the basis of egg yolk, which is one of the richest sources of cholesterol in nature (up to 2% of dry weight), and in the process of aging of tempera materials, changes in cholesterol do not affect the core structure of the steroid nucleus, the group of fungi that we have isolated are tempera painting destructors is seen as a promising object for screening for their possible steroid-transforming activities. In this regard, the purpose of our work was to determine the ability to transform pharmaceutically significant steroids with dominant fungi-destructors of tempera paintings, previously isolated in the State Tretyakov Gallery. Consequently, we have demonstrated for the first time that fungi-destructors of tempera paintings have steroid-transforming activity and are promising microorganisms for screening for biotechnologically significant transformations of steroids with further industrial use. Abstract The transformation of steroids by microorganisms is widely used in medical biotechnology. A huge group of filamentous fungi is one of the most promising taxa for screening new biocatalytic reactions in order to obtain pharmaceutically significant steroids. In this work, we screened 10 filamentous fungi-destructors of egg tempera for the ability to biotransform androst-4-en-3,17-dione (AD) during cultivation in a liquid nutrient medium or in a buffer solution. These taxonomically unrelated strains, belonging to the classes Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes, are dominant representatives of the microbiome from halls where works of tempera painting are stored in the State Tretyakov Gallery (STG, Moscow, Russia). Since the binder of tempera paints, egg yolk, contains about 2% cholesterol, these degrading fungi appear to be a promising group for screening for steroid converting activity. It turned out that all the studied fungi-destructors are able to transform AD. Some strains showed transformation efficiency close to the industrial strain Curvularia lunata RNCIM F-981. In total, 33 steroids formed during the transformation of AD were characterized, for 19 of them the structure was established by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. In this work, we have shown for the first time that fungi-destructors of tempera paintings can efficiently transform steroids.
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18
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Qian M, Zeng Y, Mao S, Jia L, Hua E, Lu F, Liu X. Engineering of a fungal steroid 11α-hydroxylase and construction of recombinant yeast for improved production of 11α-hydroxyprogesterone. J Biotechnol 2022; 353:1-8. [PMID: 35654275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP68J5 from filamentous fungus Aspergillus ochraceus is industrially used for selective C11α-hydroxylation of canrenone and progesterone. To improve its selectivity of C11α-hydroxylation for relevant steroid substrates, a sequence-based targeted mutagenesis combined with saturation mutagenesis was conducted to search for variants with improved hydroxylation reaction specificity toward progesterone and D-ethylgonendione. Recombinant yeast expressing triple mutant V64F/E65G/N66T showed significantly increased C11α-hydroxylation selectivity (85 % VS WT 69.7 %). Saturation mutagenesis of V64, E65 and N66 resulted in the identification of single mutant V64K with greatly enhanced 11α-hydroxylation specificity toward progesterone (90.6 % VS WT 69.7 %). Furthermore, mutant N66D showed significant enhanced selectivity of C11α-hydroxylation toward D-ethylgonendione (70.8 % VS WT 58 %). Evaluation of recombinant yeast over-expressing V64K for progesterone transformation in 50 mL scale resulted in product 11α-OH progesterone concentrations of 432.5 mg/L, a 30.2 % increase compared with the CYP68J5 control. Our results also reveal that V64, E65 and N66 are key residues of CYP68J5 influencing its selectivity of C11α-hydroxylation, thus offering opportunities for further engineering of CYP68J5 for expanded industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, China, The College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, TUST, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yulong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Longgang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Erbing Hua
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, China, The College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, TUST, Tianjin 300457, China.
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19
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Salama S, Habib MH, Hatti-Kaul R, Gaber Y. Reviewing a plethora of oxidative-type reactions catalyzed by whole cells of Streptomyces species. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6974-7001. [PMID: 35424663 PMCID: PMC8982256 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08816e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective oxidation reactions represent a challenging task for conventional organic chemistry. Whole-cell biocatalysis provides a very convenient, easy to apply method to carry out different selective oxidation reactions including chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selective reactions. Streptomyces species are important biocatalysts as they can catalyze these selective reactions very efficiently owing to the wide diversity of enzymes and enzymatic cascades in their cell niche. In this review, we present and analyze most of the examples reported to date of oxidative reactions catalyzed by Streptomyces species as whole-cell biocatalysts. We discuss 33 different Streptomyces species and strains and the role they play in different oxidative reactions over the past five decades. The oxidative reactions have been classified into seven categories that include: hydroxylation of steroids/non-steroids, asymmetric sulfoxidations, oxidation of aldehydes, multi-step oxidations, oxidative cleavage, and N-oxidations. The role played by Streptomyces species as recombinant hosts catalyzing bio-oxidations has also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salama
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62517 Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Habib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University Sweden
| | - Yasser Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University Al-Karak 61710 Jordan
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20
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Peng Y, Gao C, Zhang Z, Wu S, Zhao J, Li A. A Chemoenzymatic Strategy for the Synthesis of Steroid Drugs Enabled by P450 Monooxygenase-Mediated Steroidal Core Modification. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Chenghua Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Zili Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Aitao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
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21
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Simić S, Zukić E, Schmermund L, Faber K, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Shortening Synthetic Routes to Small Molecule Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Employing Biocatalytic Methods. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1052-1126. [PMID: 34846124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis, using enzymes for organic synthesis, has emerged as powerful tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The first industrial biocatalytic processes launched in the first half of the last century exploited whole-cell microorganisms where the specific enzyme at work was not known. In the meantime, novel molecular biology methods, such as efficient gene sequencing and synthesis, triggered breakthroughs in directed evolution for the rapid development of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and good selectivities tailored for specific substrates. To date, enzymes are employed to enable shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative routes toward (established) small molecule APIs, and are additionally used to perform standard reactions in API synthesis more efficiently. Herein, large-scale synthetic routes containing biocatalytic key steps toward >130 APIs of approved drugs and drug candidates are compared with the corresponding chemical protocols (if available) regarding the steps, reaction conditions, and scale. The review is structured according to the functional group formed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erna Zukić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph K Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth─University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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22
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Ripoll M, Jackson E, Trelles JA, Betancor L. Dihydroxyacetone production via heterogeneous biotransformations of crude glycerol. J Biotechnol 2021; 340:102-109. [PMID: 34454960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, several immobilization strategies for Gluconobacter oxydans NBRC 14819 (Gox) were tested in the bioconversion of crude glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA). Agar, agarose and polyacrylamide were evaluated as immobilization matrixes. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked versions of the agar and agarose preparations were also tested. Agar immobilized Gox proved to be the best heterogeneous biocatalyst in the bioconversion of crude glycerol reaching a quantitative production of 50 g/L glycerol into DHA solely in water. Immobilization allowed reutilization for at least eight cycles, reaching four times more DHA than the amount obtained by a single batch of free cells which cannot be reutilized. An increase in scale of 34 times had no impact on DHA productivity. The results obtained herein constitute a contribution to the microbiological production of DHA as they not only attain unprecedented productivities for the reaction with immobilized biocatalysts but also proved that it is feasible to do it in a clean background of solely water that alleviates the cost of downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ripoll
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay; Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Erienne Jackson
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge A Trelles
- Laboratory of Sustainable Biotechnology (LIBioS), National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Lorena Betancor
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Hao YC, Zong MH, Wang ZL, Li N. Chemoenzymatic access to enantiopure N-containing furfuryl alcohol from chitin-derived N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:80. [PMID: 38650256 PMCID: PMC10992857 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiral furfuryl alcohols are important precursors for the synthesis of valuable functionalized pyranones such as the rare sugar L-rednose. However, the synthesis of enantiopure chiral biobased furfuryl alcohols remains scarce. In this work, we present a chemoenzymatic route toward enantiopure nitrogen-containing (R)- and (S)-3-acetamido-5-(1-hydroxylethyl)furan (3A5HEF) from chitin-derived N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG). FINDINGS 3-Acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF) was obtained from NAG via ionic liquid/boric acid-catalyzed dehydration, in an isolated yield of approximately 31%. Carbonyl reductases from Streptomyces coelicolor (ScCR) and Bacillus sp. ECU0013 (YueD) were found to be good catalysts for asymmetric reduction of 3A5AF. Enantiocomplementary synthesis of (R)- and (S)-3A5HEF was implemented with the yields of up to > 99% and the enantiomeric excess (ee) values of > 99%. Besides, biocatalytic synthesis of (R)-3A5HEF was demonstrated on a preparative scale, with an isolated yield of 65%. CONCLUSIONS A two-step process toward the chiral furfuryl alcohol was successfully developed by integrating chemical catalysis with enzyme catalysis, with excellent enantioselectivities. This work demonstrates the power of the combination of chemo- and biocatalysis for selective valorization of biobased furans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Cheng Hao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Wang
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 20 Jinying Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Yi D, Bayer T, Badenhorst CPS, Wu S, Doerr M, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT. Recent trends in biocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8003-8049. [PMID: 34142684 PMCID: PMC8288269 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has undergone revolutionary progress in the past century. Benefited by the integration of multidisciplinary technologies, natural enzymatic reactions are constantly being explored. Protein engineering gives birth to robust biocatalysts that are widely used in industrial production. These research achievements have gradually constructed a network containing natural enzymatic synthesis pathways and artificially designed enzymatic cascades. Nowadays, the development of artificial intelligence, automation, and ultra-high-throughput technology provides infinite possibilities for the discovery of novel enzymes, enzymatic mechanisms and enzymatic cascades, and gradually complements the lack of remaining key steps in the pathway design of enzymatic total synthesis. Therefore, the research of biocatalysis is gradually moving towards the era of novel technology integration, intelligent manufacturing and enzymatic total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yi
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Thomas Bayer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Mark Doerr
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 4D-17487 GreifswaldGermany
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Kruschitz A, Peinsipp L, Pfeiffer M, Nidetzky B. Continuous process technology for glucoside production from sucrose using a whole cell-derived solid catalyst of sucrose phosphorylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5383-5394. [PMID: 34189615 PMCID: PMC8285329 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Advanced biotransformation processes typically involve the upstream processing part performed continuously and interlinked tightly with the product isolation. Key in their development is a catalyst that is highly active, operationally robust, conveniently produced, and recyclable. A promising strategy to obtain such catalyst is to encapsulate enzymes as permeabilized whole cells in porous polymer materials. Here, we show immobilization of the sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (P134Q-variant) by encapsulating the corresponding E. coli cells into polyacrylamide. Applying the solid catalyst, we demonstrate continuous production of the commercial extremolyte 2-α-D-glucosyl-glycerol (2-GG) from sucrose and glycerol. The solid catalyst exhibited similar activity (≥70%) as the cell-free extract (~800 U g-1 cell wet weight) and showed excellent in-operando stability (40 °C) over 6 weeks in a packed-bed reactor. Systematic study of immobilization parameters related to catalyst activity led to the identification of cell loading and catalyst particle size as important factors of process optimization. Using glycerol in excess (1.8 M), we analyzed sucrose conversion dependent on space velocity (0.075-0.750 h-1) and revealed conditions for full conversion of up to 900 mM sucrose. The maximum 2-GG space-time yield reached was 45 g L-1 h-1 for a product concentration of 120 g L-1. Collectively, our study establishes a step-economic route towards a practical whole cell-derived solid catalyst of sucrose phosphorylase, enabling continuous production of glucosides from sucrose. This strengthens the current biomanufacturing of 2-GG, but also has significant replication potential for other sucrose-derived glucosides, promoting their industrial scale production using sucrose phosphorylase. KEY POINTS: • Cells of sucrose phosphorylase fixed in polyacrylamide were highly active and stable. • Solid catalyst was integrated with continuous flow to reach high process efficiency. • Generic process technology to efficiently produce glucosides from sucrose is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kruschitz
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Linda Peinsipp
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pfeiffer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Feng J, Wang M, Wu Q, Zhu D. Modulating the active site lid of an alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia sp. enabled efficient stereospecific synthesis of 17β-hydroxysteroids. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109837. [PMID: 34311882 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic stereospecific reduction of 17-oxosteroids offers an attractive approach to access 17β-hydroxysteroids of pharmaceutical importance. In this study, by adjusting the flexibility of α6-helix at the substrate entrance of the alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia sp. (RasADH), the catalytic activity toward the stereospecific 17β-reduction of androstenedione was improved without sacrifice of the enantioselectivity. Among the mutants, F205I and F205A exhibited up to 623- and 523-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency, respectively, towards a range of different 17-oxosteroids compared to the wild-type enzyme. The corresponding 17β-hydroxysteroids were prepared in optically pure form with high space-time productivity and isolated yields using F205I as the biocatalyst, indicating that these mutants are promising biocatalysts for this useful transformation. These results suggest that modulating the flexibility of the active site lid offers an effective approach to engineer alcohol dehydrogenase for accommodating bulky steroidal substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Abstract
Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are flavin-dependent oxidative enzymes capable of catalyzing the insertion of an oxygen atom between a carbonylic Csp2 and the Csp3 at the alpha position, therefore transforming linear and cyclic ketones into esters and lactones. These enzymes are dependent on nicotinamides (NAD(P)H) for the flavin reduction and subsequent reaction with molecular oxygen. BVMOs can be included in cascade reactions, coupled to other redox enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) or ene-reductases (EREDs), so that the direct conversion of alcohols or α,β-unsaturated carbonylic compounds to the corresponding esters can be achieved. In the present review, the different synthetic methodologies that have been performed by employing multienzymatic strategies with BVMOs combining whole cells or isolated enzymes, through sequential or parallel methods, are described, with the aim of highlighting the advantages of performing multienzymatic systems, and show the recent advances for overcoming the drawbacks of using BVMOs in these techniques.
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28
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Optimum synthesis of esomeprazole catalyzed by Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 4276 through response surface methodology. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Immobilising Microalgae and Cyanobacteria as Biocomposites: New Opportunities to Intensify Algae Biotechnology and Bioprocessing. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a groundswell of interest in applying phototrophic microorganisms, specifically microalgae and cyanobacteria, for biotechnology and ecosystem service applications. However, there are inherent challenges associated with conventional routes to their deployment (using ponds, raceways and photobioreactors) which are synonymous with suspension cultivation techniques. Cultivation as biofilms partly ameliorates these issues; however, based on the principles of process intensification, by taking a step beyond biofilms and exploiting nature inspired artificial cell immobilisation, new opportunities become available, particularly for applications requiring extensive deployment periods (e.g., carbon capture and wastewater bioremediation). We explore the rationale for, and approaches to immobilised cultivation, in particular the application of latex-based polymer immobilisation as living biocomposites. We discuss how biocomposites can be optimised at the design stage based on mass transfer limitations. Finally, we predict that biocomposites will have a defining role in realising the deployment of metabolically engineered organisms for real world applications that may tip the balance of risk towards their environmental deployment.
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Rohman A, Dijkstra BW. Application of microbial 3-ketosteroid Δ 1-dehydrogenases in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107751. [PMID: 33823268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
3-Ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase catalyzes the 1(2)-dehydrogenation of 3-ketosteroid substrates using flavin adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor. The enzyme plays a crucial role in microbial steroid degradation, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, by initiating the opening of the steroid nucleus. Indeed, many microorganisms are known to possess one or more 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenases. In the pharmaceutical industry, 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase activity is exploited to produce Δ1-3-ketosteroids, a class of steroids that display various biological activities. Many of them are used as active pharmaceutical ingredients in drug products, or as key precursors to produce pharmaceutically important steroids. Since 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase activity requires electron acceptors, among other considerations, Δ1-3-ketosteroid production has been industrially implemented using whole-cell fermentation with growing or metabolically active resting cells, in which the electron acceptors are available, rather than using the isolated enzyme. In this review we discuss biotechnological applications of microbial 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenases, covering commonly used steroid-1(2)-dehydrogenating microorganisms, the bioprocess for preparing Δ1-3-ketosteroids, genetic engineering of 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenases and related genes for constructing new, productive industrial strains, and microbial fermentation strategies for enhancing the product yield. Furthermore, we also highlight the recent development in the use of isolated 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenases combined with a FAD cofactor regeneration system. Finally, in a somewhat different context, we summarize the role of 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase in cholesterol degradation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. Because the enzyme is essential for the pathogenicity of these organisms, it may be a potential target for drug development to combat mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rohman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering (BIOME), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bauke W Dijkstra
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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31
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Subedi P, Kim KH, Hong YS, Lee JH, Oh TJ. Enzymatic Characterization and Comparison of Two Steroid Hydroxylases CYP154C3-1 and CYP154C3-2 from Streptomyces Species. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:464-474. [PMID: 33397832 PMCID: PMC9705902 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2010.10020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are responsible for the hydroxylation of diverse endogenous substances with a heme molecule used as a cofactor. This study characterized two CYP154C3 proteins from Streptomyces sp. W2061 (CYP154C3-1) and Streptomyces sp. KCCM40643 (CYP154C3-2). The enzymatic activity assays of both CYPs conducted using heterologous redox partners' putidaredoxin and putidaredoxin reductase showed substrate flexibility with different steroids and exhibited interesting product formation patterns. The enzymatic characterization revealed good activity over a pH range of 7.0 to 7.8 and the optimal temperature range for activity was 30 to 37°C. The major product was the C16-hydroxylated product and the kinetic profiles and patterns of the generated hydroxylated products differed between the two enzymes. Both enzymes showed a higher affinity toward progesterone, with CYP154C3-1 demonstrating slightly higher activity than CYP154C3-2 for most of the substrates. Oxidizing agents (diacetoxyiodo) benzene (PIDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were also utilized to actively support the redox reactions, with optimum conversion achieved at concentrations of 3 mM and 65 mM, respectively. The oxidizing agents affected the product distribution, influencing the type and selectivity of the CYP-catalyzed reaction. Additionally, CYP154C3s also catalyzed the C-C bond cleavage of steroids. Therefore, CYP154C3s may be a good candidate for the production of modified steroids for various biological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Subedi
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hwa Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Hong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang-eup, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Lee
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea,Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea,Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-530-2677 Fax: +82-41-530-2279 E-mail:
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32
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Microbial Synthesis of ( S)- and ( R)-Benzoin in Enantioselective Desymmetrization and Deracemization Catalyzed by Aureobasidium pullulans Included in the Blossom Protect™ Agent. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061578. [PMID: 33809372 PMCID: PMC8001866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the Aureobasidium pullulans strains DSM 14940 and DSM 14941 included in the Blossom Protect™ agent to be used in the bioreduction reaction of a symmetrical dicarbonyl compound. Both chiral 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone antipodes were obtained with a high enantiomeric purity. Mild conditions (phosphate buffer [pH 7.0, 7.2], 30 °C) were successfully employed in the synthesis of (S)-benzoin using two different methodologies: benzyl desymmetrization and rac-benzoin deracemization. Bioreduction carried out with higher reagent concentrations, lower pH values and prolonged reaction time, and in the presence of additives, enabled enrichment of the reaction mixture with (R)-benzoin. The described procedure is a potentially useful tool in the synthesis of chiral building blocks with a defined configuration in a simple and economical process with a lower environmental impact, enabling one-pot biotransformation.
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Telomerase activators from 20(27)-octanor-cycloastragenol via biotransformation by the fungal endophytes. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104708. [PMID: 33621779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cycloastragenol [20(R),24(S)-epoxy-3β,6α,16β,25-tetrahydroxycycloartane] (CA), the principle sapogenol of many cycloartane-type glycosides found in Astragalus genus, is currently the only natural product in the anti-aging market as telomerase activator. Here, we report biotransformation of 20(27)-octanor-cycloastragenol (1), a thermal degradation product of CA, using Astragalus species originated endophytic fungi, viz. Penicillium roseopurpureum, Alternaria eureka, Neosartorya hiratsukae and Camarosporium laburnicola. Fifteen new biotransformation products (2-16) were isolated, and their structures were established by NMR and HRESIMS. Endophytic fungi were found to be capable of performing hydroxylation, oxidation, ring cleavage-methyl migration, dehydrogenation and Baeyer-Villiger type oxidation reactions on the starting compound (1), which would be difficult to achieve by conventional synthetic methods. In addition, the ability of the metabolites to increase telomerase activation in Hekn cells was evaluated, which showed from 1.08 to 12.4-fold activation compared to the control cells treated with DMSO. Among the compounds tested, 10, 11 and 12 were found to be the most potent in terms of telomerase activation with 12.40-, 7.89- and 5.43-fold increase, respectively (at 0.1, 2 and 10 nM concentrations, respectively).
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Fan Y, Tian X, Zheng L, Jin X, Zhang Q, Xu S, Liu P, Yang N, Bai H, Wang H. Yeast encapsulation in nanofiber via electrospinning: Shape transformation, cell activity and immobilized efficiency. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111747. [PMID: 33545889 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To realize encapsulation of living microbial cells and easily evaluation of cell viability after immobilization, the yeast cells were encapsulated in water soluble PAAm nanofiber by a facile and effective electrospinning technology. Firstly, the conductivity, shear viscosity and surface tension of PAAm/yeast electrospinning solution as a function of mass ratios of yeast/PAAm were investigated to determine the optimum solution condition for electrospinning immobilization. After electrospinning, it is interesting to note that the original ellipsoidal structure of yeast cells turns to oblate spheroid structure. To distinguish immobilization structure from the bead appearing during general electrospinning process, immobilization structure and bead structure were compared and analyzed by FESEM and EDX. Free cell activity, the immediate cell activity after electrospinning and cell activity for seven days storage after immobilization were evaluated by dying methods of CTC and methylene blue, respectively. The results show that encapsulation efficiency maintained at about 40%, and immobilized yeast cells remain active even after seven days storage, which provides a promising application prospect for electrospinning immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Fan
- School of Textile, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiaokang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Linbao Zheng
- School of Textile, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Yantai Nanshan University, Nanshan Group, Shandong 265706, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Shenyang Xu
- School of Textile, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haihui Bai
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Zhang Y, Lv K, Deng Y, Li H, Wang Z, Li D, Gao X, Wang F. Asymmetric Bio-oxidation Using Resting Cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 4276 Mutant QZ-3 for Preparation of (S)-Omeprazole in a Chloroform–Water Biphasic System Using Response Surface Methodology. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Casajus H, Lagarde A, Leremboure M, De Dios Miguel T, Nauton L, Thery V, Fessner W, Duguet N, Charmantray F, Hecquet L. Enzymatic Synthesis of Aliphatic Acyloins Catalyzed by Thermostable Transketolase. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Casajus
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Aurélie Lagarde
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Martin Leremboure
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Thomas De Dios Miguel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, INSA-Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS) F-69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Lionel Nauton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Vincent Thery
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Wolf‐Dieter Fessner
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Nicolas Duguet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, INSA-Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS) F-69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Franck Charmantray
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Laurence Hecquet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
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Breaking Molecular Symmetry through Biocatalytic Reactions to Gain Access to Valuable Chiral Synthons. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review the recent reports of biocatalytic reactions applied to the desymmetrization of meso-compounds or symmetric prochiral molecules are summarized. The survey of literature from 2015 up to date reveals that lipases are still the most used enzymes for this goal, due to their large substrate tolerance, stability in different reaction conditions and commercial availability. However, a growing interest is focused on the use of other purified enzymes or microbial whole cells to expand the portfolio of exploitable reactions and the molecular diversity of substrates to be transformed. Biocatalyzed desymmetrization is nowadays recognized as a reliable and efficient approach for the preparation of pharmaceuticals or natural bioactive compounds and many processes have been scaled up for multigram preparative purposes, also in continuous-flow conditions.
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Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Pandey A, Singh S, Pillai S. Biotechnological potential of Beauveria bassiana as a source of novel biocatalysts and metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1019-1034. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Amobonye
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prashant Bhagwat
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Wang X, Yang X, Jia X, Jin P, Wang Z, Lu F, Liu X. Determination of steroid hydroxylation specificity of an industrial strain Aspergillus ochraceus TCCC41060 by cytochrome P450 gene CYP68J5. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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40
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Pei X, Li Y, Du C, Yuan T, Fan C, Hong H, Yuan W. Production of L-alanyl-L-glutamine by immobilized Escherichia coli expressing amino acid ester acyltransferase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6967-6976. [PMID: 32594215 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Production of Ala-Gln by the E. coli expressing α-amino acid ester acyltransferase was a promising technical route due to its high enzyme activity, but the continuous production ability still needs to improve. Therefore, the immobilized E. coli expressing α-amino acid ester acyltransferase was applied for the continuous production of Ala-Gln. Four materials were selected as embedding medium for the whole cell entrapment of recombinant bacteria. Calcium alginate beads were found to be the most proper entrapment carrier for production of Ala-Gln. The temperature, pH, and repeatability of the immobilized cell were compared with free cells. Results showed that immobilization cell could maintain a wider range of temperature/pH and better stability than free cell (20-35 °C/pH 8.0-9.0, and 25 °C/pH 8.5, respectively). On this basis, continuous production strategy was put forward by filling the immobilized cell in the tubular reactor with multiple control conditions. The Ala-Gln by immobilization cell achieved the productivity of 2.79 mg/(min*mL-CV) without intermittent time. Consequently, these findings suggest that the immobilization technique has potential applications in the production of Ala-Gln by biotechnological method. KEY POINTS: • Immobilization helps to achieve high efficiency production of Ala-Gln. • Immobilized cells have better stability than free cells. • Sodium alginate is the most suitable immobilized material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuze Pei
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yimin Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cong Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tangguo Yuan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Innobio Corporation Limited, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Innobio Corporation Limited, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Wenjie Yuan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Abstract
A series of yeast strains was tested in order to evaluate their catalytic potential in biocatalysis of one-pot indolizine’s synthesis. Yeast cultivation was performed in a submerged system at 28 °C for 72 h at 180 rpm. An assessment of the reagents’ toxicity on yeast viability and metabolic functionality concluded that the growth potential of three Yarrowia lipolytica strains were least affected by the reactants compared to the other yeast strains. Further, crude fermentation products (biomass and cell-free supernatant)—obtained by submerged cultivation of these yeasts—were used in multistep cascade reactions for the production of fluorescent indolizine compounds with important biologic activities. A whole–cell catalyzed multicomponent reaction of activated alkynes, α-bromo-carbonyl reagents and 4,4′-bipyridine, at room temperature in buffer solution led to the efficient synthesis of bis-indolizines 4a, 4b and 4c, in good-to-excellent yields (47%–77%). The metabolites of the selected Y. lipolytica strains can be considered effective biocatalysts in cycloaddition reactions and the high purity and bioconversion yields of the synthesized indolizines indicates a great potential of this type of “green” catalysts. Seeds of Triticum estivum L. were used to investigate the impact of the final products on the germination and seedling growth. The most sensitive physiological parameters suggest that indolizines, at the concentrations tested, have non-toxic effect on germination and seedling growth of wheat, fact also confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy images.
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Biovalorisation of crude glycerol and xylose into xylitol by oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:121. [PMID: 32493445 PMCID: PMC7271524 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylitol is a commercially important chemical with multiple applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. According to the US Department of Energy, xylitol is one of the top twelve platform chemicals that can be produced from biomass. The chemical method for xylitol synthesis is however, expensive and energy intensive. In contrast, the biological route using microbial cell factories offers a potential cost-effective alternative process. The bioprocess occurs under ambient conditions and makes use of biocatalysts and biomass which can be sourced from renewable carbon originating from a variety of cheap waste feedstocks. Result In this study, biotransformation of xylose to xylitol was investigated using Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast which was firstly grown on a glycerol/glucose for screening of co-substrate, followed by media optimisation in shake flask, scale up in bioreactor and downstream processing of xylitol. A two-step medium optimization was employed using central composite design and artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm. The yeast amassed a concentration of 53.2 g/L xylitol using pure glycerol (PG) and xylose with a bioconversion yield of 0.97 g/g. Similar results were obtained when PG was substituted with crude glycerol (CG) from the biodiesel industry (titer: 50.5 g/L; yield: 0.92 g/g). Even when xylose from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was used as opposed to pure xylose, a xylitol yield of 0.54 g/g was achieved. Xylitol was successfully crystallized from PG/xylose and CG/xylose fermentation broths with a recovery of 39.5 and 35.3%, respectively. Conclusion To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time the potential of using Y. lipolytica as a microbial cell factory for xylitol synthesis from inexpensive feedstocks. The results obtained are competitive with other xylitol producing organisms.![]()
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Synthesizing Chiral Drug Intermediates by Biocatalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:146-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Catalytic synthesis of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan from 5-hydroxymethylfurfual by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 134:109491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Chen YY, Ishikawa M, Suzuki R, Ito H, Kamachi T, Hori K. Evaluation of methane degradation performance in microbial gas-phase reactions using effectively immobilized methanotrophs. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Ekiz G, Yılmaz S, Yusufoglu H, Kırmızıbayrak PB, Bedir E. Microbial Transformation of Cycloastragenol and Astragenol by Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Astragalus Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2979-2985. [PMID: 31713424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of Astragalus sapogenins (cycloastragenol (1) and astragenol (2)) by Astragalus species originated endophytic fungi resulted in the production of five new metabolites (3, 7, 10, 12, 14) together with 10 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established by NMR spectroscopic and HRMS analysis. Oxygenation, oxidation, epoxidation, dehydrogenation, and ring cleavage reactions were observed on the cycloartane (9,19-cyclolanostane) nucleus. The ability of the compounds to increase telomerase activity in neonatal cells was also evaluated. After prescreening studies to define potent telomerase activators, four compounds were selected for subsequent bioassays. These were performed using very low doses ranging from 0.1 to 30 nM compared to the control cells treated with DMSO. The positive control cycloastragenol and 8 were found to be the most active compounds, with 5.2- (2 nM) and 5.1- (0.5 nM) fold activations versus DMSO, respectively. At the lowest dose of 0.1 nM, compounds 4 and 13 provided 3.5- and 3.8-fold activations, respectively, while cycloastragenol showed a limited activation (1.5-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Güner Ekiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Near East University , Nicosia , Mersin 10 , Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Ege University , 35100 Bornova-İzmir , Turkey
| | - Sinem Yılmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Alanya Aladdin Keykubat , Antalya 07400 , Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Ege University , 35100 Bornova-İzmir , Turkey
| | - Hasan Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , 11942 Al-Kharj , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering , Izmir Institute of Technology , 35430 Urla-Izmir , Turkey
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Sánta-Bell E, Molnár Z, Varga A, Nagy F, Hornyánszky G, Paizs C, Balogh-Weiser D, Poppe L. "Fishing and Hunting"-Selective Immobilization of a Recombinant Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase from Fermentation Media. Molecules 2019; 24:E4146. [PMID: 31731791 PMCID: PMC6891789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article overviews the numerous immobilization methods available for various biocatalysts such as whole-cells, cell fragments, lysates or enzymes which do not require preliminary enzyme purification and introduces an advanced approach avoiding the costly and time consuming downstream processes required by immobilization of purified enzyme-based biocatalysts (such as enzyme purification by chromatographic methods and dialysis). Our approach is based on silica shell coated magnetic nanoparticles as solid carriers decorated with mixed functions having either coordinative binding ability (a metal ion complexed by a chelator anchored to the surface) or covalent bond-forming ability (an epoxide attached to the surface via a proper linker) enabling a single operation enrichment and immobilization of a recombinant phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from parsley fused to a polyhistidine affinity tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Sánta-Bell
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.-B.); (Z.M.); (F.N.); (G.H.)
| | - Zsófia Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.-B.); (Z.M.); (F.N.); (G.H.)
- Fermentia Microbiological Ltd., 1405 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Science, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Varga
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Flóra Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.-B.); (Z.M.); (F.N.); (G.H.)
| | - Gábor Hornyánszky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.-B.); (Z.M.); (F.N.); (G.H.)
- SynBiocat Ltd., 1172 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Diána Balogh-Weiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.-B.); (Z.M.); (F.N.); (G.H.)
- SynBiocat Ltd., 1172 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (E.S.-B.); (Z.M.); (F.N.); (G.H.)
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.V.); (C.P.)
- SynBiocat Ltd., 1172 Budapest, Hungary
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Microbial transformation of cholesterol: reactions and practical aspects-an update. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:131. [PMID: 31432251 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a C27-sterol employed as starting material for the synthesis of valuable pharmaceutical steroids and precursors. The microbial transformations of cholesterol have been widely studied, since they are performed with high regio- and stereoselectivity and allow the production of steroidal compounds which are difficult to synthesize by classical chemical methods. In recent years, ongoing research is being conducted to discover novel biocatalysts and to develop biotechnological processes to improve existing biocatalysts and biotransformation reactions. The main objective of this review is to present the most remarkable advances in fungal and bacterial transformation of cholesterol, focusing on the different types of microbial reactions and biocatalysts, biotransformation products, and practical aspects related to sterol dispersion improvement, covering literature since 2000. It reviews the conversion of cholesterol by whole-cell biocatalysts and by purified enzymes that lead to various structural modifications, including side chain cleavage, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation/reduction, isomerization and esterification. Finally, approaches used to improve the poor solubility of cholesterol in aqueous media, such as the use of different sterol-solubilizing agents or two-phase conversion system, are also discussed.
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Sangar S, Vaid B, Jolly RS. Enantio- and chemoselective oxidation of omeprazole sulfide to enantiopure (S)-omeprazole with whole-cells of Aspergillus carbonarius. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Facile recycling of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from suspensions using magnetic modification method and mechanism analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 169:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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