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Jo MH, Ju JH, Heo SY, Son CB, Jeong KJ, Oh BR. High production of enantiopure (R,R)-2,3-butanediol from crude glycerol by Klebsiella pneumoniae with an engineered oxidative pathway and a two-stage agitation strategy. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:205. [PMID: 39044245 PMCID: PMC11267846 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (R,R)-2,3-butanediol (BDO) is employed in a variety of applications and is gaining prominence due to its unique physicochemical features. The use of glycerol as a carbon source for 2,3-BDO production in Klebsiella pneumoniae has been limited, since 1,3-propanediol (PDO) is generated during glycerol fermentation. RESULTS In this study, the inactivation of the budC gene in K. pneumoniae increased the production rate of (R,R)-2,3-BDO from 21.92 ± 2.10 to 92.05 ± 1.20%. The major isomer form of K. pneumoniae (meso-2,3-BDO) was shifted to (R,R)-2,3-BDO. The purity of (R,R)-2,3-BDO was examined by agitation speed, and 98.54% of (R,R)-2,3-BDO was obtained at 500 rpm. However, as the cultivation period got longer, the purity of (R,R)-2,3-BDO declined. For this problem, a two-step agitation speed control strategy (adjusted from 500 to 400 rpm after 24 h) and over-expression of the dhaD gene involved in (R,R)-2,3-BDO biosynthesis were used. Nevertheless, the purity of (R,R)-2,3-BDO still gradually decreased over time. Finally, when pure glycerol was replaced with crude glycerol, the titer of 89.47 g/L of (R,R)-2,3-BDO (1.69 g/L of meso-2,3-BDO), productivity of 1.24 g/L/h, and yield of 0.35 g/g consumed crude glycerol was achieved while maintaining a purity of 98% or higher. CONCLUSIONS This study is meaningful in that it demonstrated the highest production and productivity among studies in that produced (R,R)-2,3-BDO with a high purity in Klebsiella sp. strains. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to produce (R,R)-2,3-BDO using glycerol as the sole carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Jo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Ju
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yeon Heo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Son
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Pu Z, Cao J, Wu W, Song Z, Yang L, Wu J, Yu H. Reconstructing dynamics correlation network to simultaneously improve activity and stability of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase by design of distal interchain disulfide bonds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131415. [PMID: 38582485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The complete enzyme catalytic cycle includes substrate binding, chemical reaction and product release, in which different dynamic conformations are adopted. Due to the complex relationship among enzyme activity, stability and dynamics, the directed evolution of enzymes for improved activity or stability commonly leads to a trade-off in stability or activity. It hence remains a challenge to engineer an enzyme to have both enhanced activity and stability. Here, we have attempted to reconstruct the dynamics correlation network involved with active center to improve both activity and stability of a 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (2,3-BDH) by introducing inter-chain disulfide bonds. A computational strategy was first applied to evaluate the effect of introducing inter-chain disulfide bond on activity and stability of three 2,3-BDHs, and the N258C mutation of 2,3-BDH from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgBDH) was proved to be effective in improving both activity and stability. In the results, CgBDH-N258C showed a different unfolding curve from the wild type, with two melting temperatures (Tm) of 68.3 °C and 50.8 °C, 19.7 °C and 2 °C higher than 48.6 °C of the wild type. Its half-life was also improved by 14.8-fold compared to the wild type. Catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the mutant was increased by 7.9-fold toward native substrate diacetyl and 8.8-fold toward non-native substrate 2,5-hexanedione compared to the wild type. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that an interaction network formed by Cys258, Arg162, Ala144 and the catalytic residues was reconstructed in the mutant and the dynamics change caused by the disulfide bond could be propagated through the interactions network. This improved the enzyme stability and activity by decreasing the flexibility and locking more "reactive" pose, respectively. Further construction of mutations including A144G showing a 44-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency toward meso-2,3-BD confirmed the role of modifying dynamics correlation network in tunning enzyme activity and selectivity. This study provided important insights into the relationship among dynamics, enzyme catalysis and stability, and will be useful in the designing new enzymes with co-evolution of stability, activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongji Pu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Zhongdi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China.
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Stoklosa RJ, García-Negrón V, Latona RJ, Toht M. Limiting acetoin generation during 2,3-butanediol fermentation with Paenibacillus polymyxa using lignocellulosic hydrolysates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130053. [PMID: 37993069 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent decarbonization efforts have led to interests in producing more bio-based chemicals. One attractive compound produced biochemically is the platform chemical known as 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO). In this work a mild alkaline pretreatment using sodium carbonate was performed on corn stover (CS) and switchgrass (SG) to generate hydrolysates for fermentation with the 2,3-BDO producer bacteria strain Paenibacillius polymyxa. Enzymatic hydrolysis performed on the pretreated CS and SG produced theoretical sugar yields of 80 % and 95 % for glucose and xylose, respectively. Fermentations with P. polymxya conducted in anaerobic bottles produced 2,3-BDO reaching concentrations ranging from 14 to 18 g/L with negligible conversion into acetoin. Bioreactor fermentations using the hydrolysate media generated up to 43 g/L and 34 g/L of 2,3-BDO from pretreated CS and SG, respectively, within 24 h of fermentation. However, 2,3-BDO product output was reduced by 40-50 % over the remainder of the fermentation due to conversion into acetoin caused by glucose depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stoklosa
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, United States.
| | - Valerie García-Negrón
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Renee J Latona
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Toht
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
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4
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Lu P, Bai R, Gao T, Chen J, Jiang K, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Zhang S, Xu F, Zhao H. Systemic metabolic engineering of Enterobacter aerogenes for efficient 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:146. [PMID: 38240862 PMCID: PMC10798932 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is an important gateway molecule for many chemical derivatives. Currently, microbial production is gradually being recognized as a green and sustainable alternative to petrochemical synthesis, but the titer, yield, and productivity of microbial 2,3-BDO remain suboptimal. Here, we used systemic metabolic engineering strategies to debottleneck the 2,3-BDO production in Enterobacter aerogenes. Firstly, the pyruvate metabolic network was reconstructed by deleting genes for by-product synthesis to improve the flux toward 2,3-BDO synthesis, which resulted in a 90% increase of the product titer. Secondly, the 2,3-BDO productivity of the IAM1183-LPCT/D was increased by 55% due to the heterologous expression of DR1558 which boosted cell resistance to abiotic stress. Thirdly, carbon sources were optimized to further improve the yield of target products. The IAM1183-LPCT/D showed the highest titer of 2,3-BDO from sucrose, 20% higher than that from glucose, and the yield of 2,3-BDO reached 0.49 g/g. Finally, the titer of 2,3-BDO of IAM1183-LPCT/D in a 5-L fermenter reached 22.93 g/L, 85% higher than the wild-type strain, and the titer of by-products except ethanol was very low. KEY POINTS: Deletion of five key genes in E. aerogenes improved 2,3-BDO production The titer of 2,3-BDO was increased by 90% by regulating metabolic flux Response regulator DR1558 was expressed to increase 2,3-BDO productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ruoxuan Bai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yalun Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Fangxu Xu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Cordyceps Militaris With Functional Value, Experimental Teaching Center, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Huynh DTN, Lim MC, Jaiswal RK. Modified Impedance Sensing System Determination of Virulence Characteristics of Pathogenic Bacteria Klebsiella Species. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:421-428. [PMID: 38031597 PMCID: PMC10682369 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An impedance sensing system is a family of biosensors that measure changes in electrical impedance to perform their functions. Physical and chemical changes in the impedance of the sensing element, such as changes in the concentration of a target analyte or changes in the physical properties of the sensing element, can result in changes in the impedance of the sensing element. Many impedance biosensors have been developed for the detection of pathogens in the past few decades. Several types of biosensors have been developed for the detection of infections, including transduction elements, biorecognition components, and electrochemical approaches. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and pathogenic factors associated with 2,3-butanediol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae collected using impedance sensors. An impedance sensing system was introduced as a great method for monitoring the virulence factors of Klebsiella spp. in situ. Klebsiella pneumoniae produces virulence factors, including capsules, lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae, and siderophores, as part of its pathogenesis. It is possible to examine virulence factors' pathogenic characteristics in vitro and in vivo using real tissues or mouse models in order to conduct experiments. For the monitoring of virulence factors in situ, a novel alternative method has been developed to mimic the environment of real tissues. For the purpose of developing tissue-mimicking models, mucin and mannose were used to modify the surface of gold electrodes. These components are known to contribute to the adhesion of pathogens to epithelial cells in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen Thi Ngoc Huynh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lim
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Rishi Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
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6
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Chiang Y, Fu Q, Liang W, Ganesan A, Nair S. Recovery of 2,3-Butanediol from Fermentation Broth by Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:16939-16944. [PMID: 37869420 PMCID: PMC10588442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The efficient separation of the 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) intermediate from fermentation broth is an important issue in the production of biofuels from biomass-derived intermediates. Two zeolitic imidazolate frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-71 were investigated for the adsorption of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) from fermentation broth via liquid breakthrough adsorption measurements. While both ZIF materials initially show high separation performance, ZIF-71 retains robust separation performance even after aging in ethanol for two years, whereas the capacity of ZIF-8 decreases significantly. The robustness and stability of ZIF-71 are further confirmed with cyclic fixed bed adsorption measurements. The uptake of 2,3-BDO on ZIF-71 reaches >100 g/kg with negligible uptakes of sugars, organic acids, and other alcohols present in the fermentation broth. Excellent selectivity toward 2,3-BDO over water is also achieved. The 2,3-BDO-loaded ZIF-71 can be regenerated efficiently with ethanol as desorbent. These findings indicate that ZIF-71 shows considerable promise as an adsorbent to recover and purify diols from fermentation broths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Chiang
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Qiang Fu
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Wanwen Liang
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Tianhe District Wushan Road Number 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Arvind Ganesan
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Sankar Nair
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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Nurwono G, O'Keeffe S, Liu N, Park JO. Sustainable metabolic engineering requires a perfect trifecta. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 83:102983. [PMID: 37573625 PMCID: PMC10960266 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The versatility of cellular metabolism in converting various substrates to products inspires sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical processes. Metabolism can be engineered to maximize the yield, rate, and titer of product generation. However, the numerous combinations of substrate, product, and organism make metabolic engineering projects difficult to navigate. A perfect trifecta of substrate, product, and organism is prerequisite for an environmentally and economically sustainable metabolic engineering endeavor. As a step toward this endeavor, we propose a reverse engineering strategy that starts with product selection, followed by substrate and organism pairing. While a large bioproduct space has been explored, the top-ten compounds have been synthesized mainly using glucose and model organisms. Unconventional feedstocks (e.g. hemicellulosic sugars and CO2) and non-model organisms are increasingly gaining traction for advanced bioproduct synthesis due to their specialized metabolic modes. Judicious selection of the substrate-organism-product combination will illuminate the untapped territory of sustainable metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha O'Keeffe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Junyoung O Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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8
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Ju JH, Jo MH, Heo SY, Kim MS, Kim CH, Paul NC, Sang H, Oh BR. Production of highly pure R,R-2,3-butanediol for biological plant growth promoting agent using carbon feeding control of Paenibacillus polymyxa MDBDO. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:121. [PMID: 37407951 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical fertilizers have greatly contributed to the development of agriculture, but alternative fertilizers are needed for the sustainable development of agriculture. 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising biological plant growth promoter. RESULTS In this study, we attempted to develop an effective strategy for the biological production of highly pure R,R-2,3-butanediol (R,R-2,3-BDO) by Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation. First, gamma-ray mutagenesis was performed to obtain P. polymyxa MDBDO, a strain that grew faster than the parent strain and had high production of R,R-2,3-BDO. The activities of R,R-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and diacetyl reductase of the mutant strain were increased by 33% and decreased by 60%, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the carbon source depletion of the fermentation broth affects the purity of R,R-2,3-BDO through batch fermentation. Fed-batch fermentation using controlled carbon feeding led to production of 77.3 g/L of R,R-2,3-BDO with high optical purity (> 99% of C4 products) at 48 h. Additionally, fed-batch culture using corn steep liquor as an alternative nitrogen source led to production of 70.3 g/L of R,R-2,3-BDO at 60 h. The fed-batch fermentation broth of P. polymyxa MDBDO, which contained highly pure R,R-2,3-BDO, significantly stimulated the growth of soybean and strawberry seedlings. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that P. polymyxa MDBDO has potential for use in biological plant growth promoting agent applications. In addition, our fermentation strategy demonstrated that high-purity R,R-2,3-BDO can be produced at high concentrations using P. polymyxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Ju
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Jo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yeon Heo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Bongirwar R, Shukla P. Metabolic sink engineering in cyanobacteria: Perspectives and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:128974. [PMID: 36990331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in metabolic engineering have made cyanobacteria emerge as promising and attractive microorganisms for sustainable production, by exploiting their natural capability for producing metabolites. The potential of metabolically engineered cyanobacterium would depend on its source-sink balance in the same way as other phototrophs. In cyanobacteria, the amount of light energy harvested (Source) is incompletely utilized by the cell to fix carbon (sink) resulting in wastage of the absorbed energy causing photoinhibition and cellular damage leading to lowered photosynthetic efficiency. Although regulatory pathways like photo-acclimation and photoprotective processes can be helpful unfortunately they limit the cell's metabolic capacity. This review describes approaches for source-sink balance and engineering heterologous metabolic sinks in cyanobacteria for enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. The advances for engineering additional metabolic pathways in cyanobacteria are also described which will provide a better understanding of the cyanobacterial source-sink balance and approaches for efficient cyanobacterial strains for valuable metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Bongirwar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Tiwari B, Bhar R, Dubey BK, Maity SK, Brar SK, Kumar G, Kumar V. Life Cycle Assessment of Microbial 2,3-Butanediol Production from Brewer's Spent Grain Modeled on Pinch Technology. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:8271-8280. [PMID: 37292451 PMCID: PMC10245393 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol (BDO) has received considerable attention as a promising alternate to fossil-derived BDO. In our previous work, BDO concentration >100 g/L was accumulated using brewer's spent grain (BSG) via microbial routes which was followed by techno-economic analysis of the bioprocess. In the present work, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for BDO production from the fermentation of BSG to identify the associated environmental impacts. The LCA was based on an industrial-scale biorefinery processing of 100 metric tons BSG per day modeled using ASPEN plus integrated with pinch technology, a tool for achieving maximum thermal efficiency and heat recovery from the process. For the cradle-to-gate LCA, the functional unit of 1 kg of BDO production was selected. One-hundred-year global warming potential of 7.25 kg CO2/kg BDO was estimated while including biogenic carbon emission. The pretreatment stage followed by the cultivation and fermentation contributed to the maximum adverse impacts. Sensitivity analysis revealed that a reduction in electricity consumption and transportation and an increase in BDO yield could reduce the adverse impacts associated with microbial BDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash
Ranjan Tiwari
- Institut
National de La Recherche Scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Université Du Québec, Quebec City G1K9A9, Canada
| | - Rajarshi Bhar
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunil K. Maity
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284 Telangana, India
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North
York, Toronto M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of
Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield
University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, U.K.
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand, India
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Sannelli F, Jensen PR, Meier S. In-Cell NMR Approach for Real-Time Exploration of Pathway Versatility: Substrate Mixtures in Nonengineered Yeast. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7262-7270. [PMID: 37097609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The central carbon metabolism of microbes will likely be used in future sustainable bioproduction. A sufficiently deep understanding of central metabolism would advance the control of activity and selectivity in whole-cell catalysis. Opposite to the more obvious effects of adding catalysts through genetic engineering, the modulation of cellular chemistry through effectors and substrate mixtures remains less clear. NMR spectroscopy is uniquely suited for in-cell tracking to advance mechanistic insight and to optimize pathway usage. Using a comprehensive and self-consistent library of chemical shifts, hyperpolarized NMR, and conventional NMR, we probe the versatility of cellular pathways to changes in substrate composition. Conditions for glucose influx into a minor pathway to an industrial precursor (2,3-butanediol) can thus be designed. Changes to intracellular pH can be followed concurrently, while mechanistic details for the minor pathway can be derived using an intermediate-trapping strategy. Overflow at the pyruvate level can be induced in nonengineered yeast with suitably mixed carbon sources (here glucose with auxiliary pyruvate), thus increasing glucose conversion to 2,3-butanediol by more than 600-fold. Such versatility suggests that a reassessment of canonical metabolism may be warranted using in-cell spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sannelli
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Rose Jensen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Folle AB, de Souza BC, Reginatto C, Carra S, da Silveira MM, Malvessi E, Dillon AJP. Medium composition and aeration to high (R,R)-2,3-butanediol and acetoin production by Paenibacillus polymyxa in fed-batch mode. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:171. [PMID: 37017720 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Concerning the potential application of the optically active isomer (R,R)-2,3-butanediol, and its production by a non-pathogenic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842, the present study evaluated the use of a commercial crude yeast extract Nucel®, as an organic nitrogen and vitamin source, at different medium composition and two airflows (0.2 or 0.5 vvm). The medium formulated (M4) with crude yeast extract carried out with the airflow of 0.2 vvm (experiment R6) allowed for a reduction in the cultivation time and kept the dissolved oxygen values at low levels until the total glucose consumption. Thus, the experiment R6 led to a fermentation yield of 41% superior when compared to the standard medium (experiment R1), which was conducted at airflow of 0.5 vvm. The maximum specific growth rate at R6 (0.42 h-1) was lower than R1 (0.60 h-1), however, the final cell concentration was not affected. Moreover, this condition (medium formulated-M4 and low airflow-0.2 vvm) was a great alternative to produce (R,R)-2,3-BD at fed-batch mode, resulting in 30 g.L-1 of the isomer at 24 h of cultivation, representing the main product in the broth (77%) and with a fermentation yield of 80%. These results showed that both medium composition and oxygen supply have an important role to produce 2,3-BD by P. polymyxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Borges Folle
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, PO Box 1352, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95001-970, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Campos de Souza
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, PO Box 1352, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95001-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Reginatto
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, PO Box 1352, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95001-970, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Carra
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, PO Box 1352, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95001-970, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Moura da Silveira
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, PO Box 1352, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95001-970, Brazil
| | - Eloane Malvessi
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, PO Box 1352, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95001-970, Brazil
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, PO Box 1352, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 95001-970, Brazil
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Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on the Yield of 2,3-Butanediol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae W141: The Synergistic Effect of Acetic Acid and Dissolved Oxygen. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
As a platform chemical, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) has been widely used in various industrial fields. To improve the yield of 2,3-BDO produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae W141, this paper explored the effects of exogenous short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as the synergistic effects of acetic acid and dissolved oxygen content on the yield of 2,3-BDO from the perspective of physiological metabolism. The results indicated that different SCFAs had different effects on the production of 2,3-BDO, and higher or lower concentrations of SCFAs were not conducive to the generation of 2,3-BDO. However, exogenically adding 1.0 g/L acetic acid significantly increased the yield of 2,3-BDO and the expression level of bdh1, a key gene in the synthesis of 2,3-BDO (p < 0.05). In addition, a dissolved oxygen concentration of 4.52 mg/L was proven to be the optimal condition for 2,3-BDO production. When the dissolved oxygen content and acetic acid concentration were 4.52 mg/L and 1.0 g/L, respectively, the maximum yield of 2,3-BDO was 3.25 ± 0.03 g/L, which was 66.59% higher than that produced by S. cerevisiae W141 alone. These results provide methodological guidance for the industrial production of 2,3-BDO by S. cerevisiae.
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Jo MH, Ju JH, Heo SY, Cho J, Jeong KJ, Kim MS, Kim CH, Oh BR. Production of 1,2-propanediol from glycerol in Klebsiella pneumoniae GEM167 with flux enhancement of the oxidative pathway. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 36747250 PMCID: PMC9903448 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To support the sustainability of biodiesel production, by-products, such as crude glycerol, should be converted into high-value chemical products. 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) has been widely used as a building block in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, the microbial bioconversion of lactic acid into 1,2-PDO is attracting attention to overcome limitations of previous biosynthetic pathways for production of 1,2-PDO. In this study, we examined the effect of genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, and control of bioprocess factors on the production of 1,2-PDO from lactic acid by K. pneumoniae GEM167 with flux enhancement of the oxidative pathway, using glycerol as carbon source. RESULTS We developed K. pneumoniae GEM167ΔadhE/pBR-1,2PDO, a novel bacterial strain that has blockage of ethanol biosynthesis and biosynthesized 1,2-PDO from lactic acid when glycerol is carbon source. Increasing the agitation speed from 200 to 400 rpm not only increased 1,2-PDO production by 2.24-fold to 731.0 ± 24.7 mg/L at 48 h but also increased the amount of a by-product, 2,3-butanediol. We attempted to inhibit 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis using the approaches of pH control and metabolic engineering. Control of pH at 7.0 successfully increased 1,2-PDO production (1016.5 ± 37.3 mg/L at 48 h), but the metabolic engineering approach was not successful. The plasmid in this strain maintained 100% stability for 72 h. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report the biosynthesis of 1,2-PDO from lactic acid in K. pneumoniae when glycerol was carbon source. The 1,2-PDO production was enhanced by blocking the synthesis of 2,3-butanediol through pH control. Our results indicate that K. pneumoniae GEM167 has potential for the production of additional valuable chemical products from metabolites produced through oxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Jo
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Ju
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yeon Heo
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Cho
- grid.454135.20000 0000 9353 1134Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31056 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Faria PE, Castro AM, Freire DMG, Mesquita RD. Enzymes and pathways in microbial production of 2,3-butanediol and 3-acetoin isomers. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:67-81. [PMID: 34957872 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2004990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (BD) and acetoin (AC) are products of the non-oxidative metabolism of microorganisms, presenting industrial importance due to their wide range of applications and high market value. Their optical isomers have particular applications, justifying the efforts on the selective bioproduction. Each microorganism produces different isomer mixtures, as a consequence of having different butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH) enzymes. However, the whole scene of the isomer bioproduction, considering the several enzymes and conditions, has not been completely elucidated. Here we show the BDH classification as R, S or meso by bioinformatics analysis uncovering the details of the isomers production. The BDH was compared to diacetyl reductases (DAR) and the new enoyl reductases (ER). We observed that R-BDH is the most singular BDH, while meso and S-BDHs are similar and may be better distinguished through their stereo-selective triad. DAR and ER showed distinct stereo-triads from those described for BDHs, agreeing with kinetic data from the literature and our phylogenetic analysis. The ER family probably has meso-BDH like activity as already demonstrated for a single sequence from this group. These results are of great relevance, as they organize BD producing enzymes, to our known, never shown before in the literature. This review also brings attention to nontraditional enzymes/pathways that can be involved with BD/AC synthesis, as well as oxygen conditions that may lead to the differential production of their isomers. Together, this information can provide helpful orientation for future studies in the field of BD/AC biological production, thus contributing to achieve their production on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Esteves Faria
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline M Castro
- Biotechnology Division, R&D Center (Cenpes), PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael D Mesquita
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Insight into pathway of monosaccharide production from integrated enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw waste as feed stock for anaerobic digestion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:148. [PMID: 36600032 PMCID: PMC9813138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This research examined the possible pathway of monosaccharide production from the rice straw waste using three integrated enzymatic hydrolysis approaches: boiled hot water pre-treatment with enzyme, alkaline pre-treatment with enzyme, and acid pre-treatment with enzyme, that can be further used as the feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Two cellulase enzymes: SIGMA-ALDRICH laboratory grade cellulase from Aspergillus niger and atres Zymix plus as a commercial cellulase enzyme were applied. It was found that the boiled hot water pre-treatment with the commercial cellulase gave the highest total monosaccharides yields. Glucose was the most significant part (78-86%) of the monosaccharides. For the pre-treatment with dilute acid, glucose was also the main component of monosaccharides; however, for the alkali pre-treatment, xylose was the main monosaccharide. It made up 48-85% of the total monosaccharide compared to glucose that made up 5-49% of total monosaccharide. Boiled rice straw with commercial cellulase enzyme provided the highest glucose yield compared to other experiments. Moreover, the obtained results from GC-MS/MS analysis show that up to 62 species of phenolic compound could be found in enzymatic hydrolysis of the rice straw waste. Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon substances were also detected in the FEEM analysis. From the overall results, the integrated enzymatic hydrolysis with boil hot water pre-treatment was the most efficient method for monosaccharide production from the rice straw waste.
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17
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de Lemos EA, Procópio L, da Mota FF, Jurelevicius D, Rosado AS, Seldin L. Molecular characterization of Paenibacillus antarcticus IPAC21, a bioemulsifier producer isolated from Antarctic soil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142582. [PMID: 37025627 PMCID: PMC10072262 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus antarcticus IPAC21, an endospore-forming and bioemulsifier-producing strain, was isolated from King George Island, Antarctica. As psychrotolerant/psychrophilic bacteria can be considered promising sources for novel products such as bioactive compounds and other industrially relevant substances/compounds, the IPAC21 genome was sequenced using Illumina Hi-seq, and a search for genes related to the production of bioemulsifiers and other metabolic pathways was performed. The IPAC21 strain has a genome of 5,505,124 bp and a G + C content of 40.5%. Genes related to the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides, such as the gene that encodes the extracellular enzyme levansucrase responsible for the synthesis of levan, the 2,3-butanediol pathway, PTS sugar transporters, cold-shock proteins, and chaperones were found in its genome. IPAC21 cell-free supernatants obtained after cell growth in trypticase soy broth at different temperatures were evaluated for bioemulsifier production by the emulsification index (EI) using hexadecane, kerosene and diesel. EI values higher than 50% were obtained using the three oil derivatives when IPAC21 was grown at 28°C. The bioemulsifier produced by P. antarcticus IPAC21 was stable at different NaCl concentrations, low temperatures and pH values, suggesting its potential use in lower and moderate temperature processes in the petroleum industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Arregue de Lemos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Procópio
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Jurelevicius
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Soares Rosado
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucy Seldin
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucy Seldin,
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18
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From Agricultural Wastes to Fermentation Nutrients: A Case Study of 2,3-Butanediol Production. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to improve resource use efficiency in agricultural systems and agro-based industries, reduce wastes that go to landfills and incinerators, and consequently, improve the economics of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) production. This study evaluated the feasibility of 2,3-BD production by replacing the mineral nutrients, and buffers with anaerobic digestate (ADE), poultry-litter (PLBC)- and forage-sorghum (FSBC)-derived biochars. Fermentation media formulations with ADE and 5–20 g/L PLBC or FSBC were evaluated for 2,3-BD production using Paenibacillus polymyxa as a biocatalyst. An optimized medium containing nutrients and buffers served as control. While 2,3-BD production in the ADE cultures was 0.5-fold of the maximum generated in the control cultures, 2,3-BD produced in the PLBC and FSBC cultures were ~1.3-fold more than the control (33.6 g/L). Cost analysis showed that ADE and biochar can replace mineral nutrients and buffers in the medium with the potential to make bio-based 2,3-BD production profitably feasible.
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19
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Kou M, Cui Z, Fu J, Dai W, Wang Z, Chen T. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of optically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:150. [PMID: 35879766 PMCID: PMC9310479 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,3-butanediol is an important platform compound which has a wide range of applications, involving in medicine, chemical industry, food and other fields. Especially the optically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol can be employed as an antifreeze agent and as the precursor for producing chiral compounds. However, some (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol overproducing strains are pathogenic such as Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Results In this study, a (3R)-acetoin overproducing C. glutamicum strain, CGS9, was engineered to produce optically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol efficiently. Firstly, the gene bdhA from B. subtilis 168 was integrated into strain CGS9 and its expression level was further enhanced by using a strong promoter Psod and ribosome binding site (RBS) with high translation initiation rate, and the (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol titer of the resulting strain was increased by 33.9%. Then the transhydrogenase gene udhA from E. coli was expressed to provide more NADH for 2,3-butanediol synthesis, which reduced the accumulation of the main byproduct acetoin by 57.2%. Next, a mutant atpG was integrated into strain CGK3, which increased the glucose consumption rate by 10.5% and the 2,3-butanediol productivity by 10.9% in shake-flask fermentation. Through fermentation engineering, the most promising strain CGK4 produced a titer of 144.9 g/L (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol with a yield of 0.429 g/g glucose and a productivity of 1.10 g/L/h in fed-batch fermentation. The optical purity of the resulting (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol surpassed 98%. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest titer of optically pure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol achieved by GRAS strains, and the result has demonstrated that C. glutamicum is a competitive candidate for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01875-5.
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20
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Stoklosa RJ, Latona RJ, Johnston DB. Assessing oxygen limiting fermentation conditions for 2,3-butanediol production from Paenibacillus polymyxa. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1038311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a platform chemical that can be converted to a wide array of products ranging from bio-based materials to sustainable aviation fuel. This chemical can be produced by a variety of microorganisms in fermentation processes. Challenges remain for high titer 2,3-BDO production during fermentation due to several parameters, but controlling oxygen is one of the most relevant processing parameters to ensure viable product output. This work investigated the fermentation of plant biomass sugars by the 2,3-BDO producer Paenibacillus polymyxa. Aerobic and oxygen limited fermentation conditions were initially evaluated using molasses-based media to determine cell growth and 2,3-BDO output. Similar conditions were then evaluated on hydrolysate from pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) that contained fermentable sugars from structural polysaccharides. Fermentations in molasses media under aerobic conditions found that 2,3-BDO could be generated, but over time the amount of 2,3-BDO decreased due to conversion back into acetoin. Oxygen limited fermentation conditions exhibited improved biomass growth, but only limited suppression of 2,3-BDO conversion to acetoin occurred. Glucose depletion appeared to have a greater role influencing 2,3-BDO conversion back into acetoin. Further improvements in 2,3-BDO yields were found by utilizing detoxified SSB hydrolysate.
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21
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Vallejo-Blancas D, Huerta-Rosas B, Quiroz-Ramírez JJ, Segovia-Hernández JG, Sánchez-Ramírez E. Control properties of sustainable alternatives to produce 2,3-butanediol. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Huo G, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Thevelein JM. Development of an industrial yeast strain for efficient production of 2,3-butanediol. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:199. [PMID: 36175998 PMCID: PMC9520875 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the transition from a fossil resources-based economy to a bio-based economy, the production of platform chemicals by microbial cell factories has gained strong interest. 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) has various industrial applications, but its production by microbial fermentation poses multiple challenges. We have engineered the bacterial 2,3-BDO synthesis pathway, composed of AlsS, AlsD and BdhA, in a pdc-negative version of an industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain. The high concentration of glycerol caused by the excess NADH produced in the pathway from glucose to 2,3-BDO was eliminated by overexpression of NoxE and also in a novel way by combined overexpression of NDE1, encoding mitochondrial external NADH dehydrogenase, and AOX1, encoding a heterologous alternative oxidase expressed inside the mitochondria. This was combined with strong downregulation of GPD1 and deletion of GPD2, to minimize glycerol production while maintaining osmotolerance. The HGS50 strain produced a 2,3-BDO titer of 121.04 g/L from 250 g/L glucose, the highest ever reported in batch fermentation, with a productivity of 1.57 g/L.h (0.08 g/L.h per gCDW) and a yield of 0.48 g/g glucose or with 96% the closest to the maximum theoretical yield ever reported. Expression of Lactococcus lactis NoxE, encoding a water-forming NADH oxidase, combined with similar genetic modifications, as well as expression of Candida albicans STL1, also minimized glycerol production while maintaining high osmotolerance. The HGS37 strain produced 130.64 g/L 2,3-BDO from 280 g/L glucose, with productivity of 1.58 g/L.h (0.11 g/L.h per gCDW). Both strains reach combined performance criteria adequate for industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Huo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium.,Center for Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - María R Foulquié-Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium.,Center for Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium. .,Center for Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium. .,NovelYeast Bv, Open Bio-Incubator, Erasmus High School, Laarbeeklaan 121, B-1090, Brussels (Jette), Belgium.
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23
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Enhancement of 2,3-Butanediol Production by Klebsiella pneumoniae: Emphasis on the Mediation of sRNA-SgrS on the Carbohydrate Utilization. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for renewable energy is increasing. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most promising strains to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD). Compared with chemical methods, the biological production of 2,3-BD has the characteristics of substrate safety, low cost, and low energy consumption. However, excessive glucose concentrations can cause damage to cells. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of sRNA-SgrS as a sugar transport regulator on the fermentative production of 2,3-BD by K. pneumoniae in response to sugar stress. We designed multiple mutants of K. pneumoniae HD79 to redistribute its carbon flux to produce 2,3-BD. It was found that the 2,3-BD yield of sgrS overexpressed strain decreased by 44% compared with the original strain. The results showed that a high concentration of sRNA-SgrS could accelerate the degradation of ptsG mRNA (encoding the glucose transporter EIICBGlc) and downregulate the expression levels of the budA gene (encoding the α-acetyllactate decarboxylase) and the budB gene (encoding the α-acetyllactate synthase) and budC gene (encoding the 2,3-BD dehydrogenase) but had no effect on the ack gene (encoding the acetate kinase) and the ldh gene (encoding the lactate dehydrogenase). It provides a theoretical basis and a technical reference for understanding the complex regulation mechanism of sRNA in microorganisms and the genetics and breeding in industrial fermentation engineering.
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Duval A, Sarbu A, Dalmas F, Albertini D, Avérous L. 2,3-Butanediol as a Biobased Chain Extender for Thermoplastic Polyurethanes: Influence of Stereochemistry on Macromolecular Architectures and Properties. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Duval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67087, France
- Soprema, 14 rue de Saint-Nazaire, Strasbourg 67100, France
| | - Alexandru Sarbu
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67087, France
- Soprema, 14 rue de Saint-Nazaire, Strasbourg 67100, France
| | - Florent Dalmas
- Univ. Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - David Albertini
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR 5270, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67087, France
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25
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Keo-Oudone C, Phommachan K, Suliya O, Nurcholis M, Bounphanmy S, Kosaka T, Yamada M. Highly efficient production of 2,3-butanediol from xylose and glucose by newly isolated thermotolerant Cronobacter sakazakii. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:164. [PMID: 35751041 PMCID: PMC9229127 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD), a valuable compound used for chemicals, cosmetics, pesticides and pharmaceuticals, has been produced by various microbes. However, no high-temperature fermentation of the compound at high productivity has been reported. Methods Thermotolerant xylose-utilizing microbes were isolated from 6 different districts in Laos and screened for a low accumulation of xylitol in a xylose medium at 37 ˚C. One isolate was found to produce 2,3-BD and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The 2,3-BD fermentation capacity was investigated at different temperatures using xylose and glucose as carbon sources, and the fermentation parameters were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Results By screening for a low accumulation of xylitol in a xylose medium, one isolate that accumulated almost no xylitol was obtained. Further analyses revealed that the isolate is Cronobacter sakazakii and that it has the ability to produce 2,3-BD at high temperatures. When xylose and glucose were used, this strain, named C. sakazakii OX-25, accumulated 2,3-BD in a short period before the complete consumption of these sugars and then appeared to convert 2,3-BD to acetoin. The optimum temperature of the 2,3-BD fermentation was 42 ˚C to 45 ˚C, and the maximum yield of 2,3-BD was 0.3 g/g at 12 h in 20 g/l xylose medium and 0.4 g/g at 6 h in 20 g/l glucose medium at 42 ˚C. The 2,3-BD productivity of the strain was higher than the 2,3-BD productivities of other non-genetically engineered microorganisms reported previously, and the highest productivity was 0.6 g/l·h and 1.2 g/l·h for xylose and glucose, respectively. Conclusions Among thermotolerant microbes isolated in Laos, we discovered a strain, C. sakazakii OX-25, that can convert xylose and glucose to 2,3-BD with high efficiency and high productivity at high temperatures, suggesting that C. sakazakii OX-25 has the potential for industrial application to produce 2,3-BD as an important platform chemical. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02577-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansom Keo-Oudone
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos, Lao PDR, 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Koudkeo Phommachan
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 753-8515, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Orathai Suliya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos, Lao PDR, 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Mochamad Nurcholis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Somchanh Bounphanmy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos, Lao PDR, 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Tomoyuki Kosaka
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 753-8515, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 753-8515, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, 753-8515, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamada
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 753-8515, Yamaguchi, Japan. .,Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 753-8515, Yamaguchi, Japan. .,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, 753-8515, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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26
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Low Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) Energy Crops to Bioenergy and Biofuels—A Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy crops are dedicated cultures directed for biofuels, electricity, and heat production. Due to their tolerance to contaminated lands, they can alleviate and remediate land pollution by the disposal of toxic elements and polymetallic agents. Moreover, these crops are suitable to be exploited in marginal soils (e.g., saline), and, therefore, the risk of land-use conflicts due to competition for food, feed, and fuel is reduced, contributing positively to economic growth, and bringing additional revenue to landowners. Therefore, further study and investment in R&D is required to link energy crops to the implementation of biorefineries. The main objective of this study is to present a review of the potential of selected energy crops for bioenergy and biofuels production, when cultivated in marginal/degraded/contaminated (MDC) soils (not competing with agriculture), contributing to avoiding Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) burdens. The selected energy crops are Cynara cardunculus, Arundo donax, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus tuberosus, Linum usitatissimum, Miscanthus × giganteus, Sorghum bicolor, Panicum virgatum, Acacia dealbata, Pinus pinaster, Paulownia tomentosa, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Salix viminalis, and microalgae cultures. This article is useful for researchers or entrepreneurs who want to know what kind of crops can produce which biofuels in MDC soils.
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27
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Mesa V, Monot M, Ferraris L, Popoff M, Mazuet C, Barbut F, Delannoy J, Dupuy B, Butel MJ, Aires J. Core-, pan- and accessory genome analyses of Clostridium neonatale: insights into genetic diversity. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35550024 PMCID: PMC9465065 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium neonatale is a potential opportunistic pathogen recovered from faecal samples in cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gastrointestinal disease affecting preterm neonates. Although the C. neonatale species description and name validation were published in 2018, comparative genomics are lacking. In the present study, we provide the closed genome assembly of the C. neonatale ATCC BAA-265T (=250.09) reference strain with a manually curated functional annotation of the coding sequences. Pan-, core- and accessory genome analyses were performed using the complete 250.09 genome (4.7 Mb), three new assemblies (4.6–5.6 Mb), and five publicly available draft genome assemblies (4.6–4.7 Mb). The C. neonatale pan-genome contains 6840 genes, while the core-genome has 3387 genes. Pan-genome analysis revealed an ‘open’ state and genomic diversity. The strain-specific gene families ranged from five to 742 genes. Multiple mobile genetic elements were predicted, including a total of 201 genomic islands, 13 insertion sequence families, one CRISPR-Cas type I-B system and 15 predicted intact prophage signatures. Primary virulence classes including offensive, defensive, regulation of virulence-associated genes and non-specific virulence factors were identified. The presence of a tet(W/N/W) gene encoding a tetracycline resistance ribosomal protection protein and a 23S rRNA methyltransferase ermQ gene were identified in two different strains. Together, our results revealed a genetic diversity and plasticity of C. neonatale genomes and provide a comprehensive view of this species genomic features, paving the way for the characterization of its biological capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mesa
- Université de Paris, UMR-S1139, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Marc Monot
- Plate-forme Technologique Biomics - Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques, Institut Pasteur, F-75015, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UMR-CNRS 2001, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Michel Popoff
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Centre National de Référence des Bactéries anaérobies et Botulisme, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Mazuet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Centre National de Référence des Bactéries anaérobies et Botulisme, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Barbut
- Université de Paris, UMR-S1139, F-75006, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital saint Antoine, Infection Control Unit, F-75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Dupuy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UMR-CNRS 2001, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Julio Aires
- Université de Paris, UMR-S1139, F-75006, Paris, France
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28
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A Review on the Production of C4 Platform Chemicals from Biochemical Conversion of Sugar Crop Processing Products and By-Products. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and commercialization of sustainable chemicals from agricultural products and by-products is necessary for a circular economy built on renewable natural resources. Among the largest contributors to the final cost of a biomass conversion product is the cost of the initial biomass feedstock, representing a significant challenge in effective biomass utilization. Another major challenge is in identifying the correct products for development, which must be able to satisfy the need for both low-cost, drop-in fossil fuel replacements and novel, high-value fine chemicals (and/or commodity chemicals). Both challenges can be met by utilizing wastes or by-products from biomass processing, which have very limited starting cost, to yield platform chemicals. Specifically, sugar crop processing (e.g., sugarcane, sugar beet) is a mature industry that produces high volumes of by-products with significant potential for valorization. This review focuses specifically on the production of acetoin (3-hydroxybutanone), 2,3-butanediol, and C4 dicarboxylic (succinic, malic, and fumaric) acids with emphasis on biochemical conversion and targeted upgrading of sugar crop products/by-products. These C4 compounds are easily derived from fermentations and can be converted into many different final products, including food, fragrance, and cosmetic additives, as well as sustainable biofuels and other chemicals. State-of-the-art literature pertaining to optimization strategies for microbial conversion of sugar crop byproducts to C4 chemicals (e.g., bagasse, molasses) is reviewed, along with potential routes for upgrading and valorization. Directions and opportunities for future research and industrial biotechnology development are discussed.
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29
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Kirchberg A, Esfahani MK, Röpert M, Wilhelm M, Meier MAR. Sustainable Synthesis of Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethanes based on Renewable 2,3‐Butanediol. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kirchberg
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Masood Khabazian Esfahani
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Marie‐Christin Röpert
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Institute of Biological and Chemical System‐Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS‐FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
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30
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Damasceno APK, Rossi DM, Záchia Ayub MA. Biosynthesis of 1,3-propanodiol and 2,3-butanodiol from residual glycerol in continuous cell-immobilized Klebsiella pneumoniae bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3265. [PMID: 35443071 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, residual glycerol from biodiesel synthesis made this chemical a cheap, readily available carbon source to bioprocess, which is also a form to reduce costs in the fuel industry. We propose and describe a bioprocess using fluidized and packed-bed continuous bioreactors to convert this residual glycerol into value-added products such as 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), largely used in the chemical industry. The bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae BLh-1, strain isolated by us, was immobilized in the permeable support of polyvinyl alcohol (LentiKats®). After testing different dilution rates (D) for all bioreactor configurations, the best obtained productivities of 1,3-PD was 8.69 g L-1 h-1 at a D = 0.45 h-1 , and 2.99 g L-1 h-1 at a D = 0.30 h-1 for 2,3-BD, both in the packed-bed configuration. In the fluidized-bed reactor, the highest productivity values achieved were 4.48 g L-1 h-1 and 1.16 g L-1 h-1 for 1,3-PD and 2,3-BD, respectively, both at D = 0.33 h-1 . These results show the potential of setting up a bioprocess based on continuous cultures using immobilized K. pneumoniae BLh-1 in PVA matrices in order to efficiently convert the abundant surplus of glycerol into commercially important chemicals such as 1,3-PD and 2,3-BD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Klaus Damasceno
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Daniele Misturini Rossi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
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31
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Maletti L, D’Eusanio V, Durante C, Marchetti A, Pincelli L, Tassi L. Comparative Analysis of VOCs from Winter Melon Pomace Fibers before and after Bleaching Treatment with H 2O 2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072336. [PMID: 35408736 PMCID: PMC9000214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the trend of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in dietary fiber samples from the winter melon (Cucumis Melo var. Inodorus, Yellow Canary type) were investigated. This foodstuff, obtained as a by-product of agri-food production, has gained increasing attention and is characterized by many bioactive components and a high dietary-fiber content. As regards fiber, it is poorly colored, but it may be whitened by applying a bleaching treatment with H2O2. The result is a fibrous material for specific applications in food manufacturing, for example, as a corrector for some functional and technological properties. This treatment is healthy and safe for consumers and widely applied in industrial food processes. In this study, a method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied for the characterization of the aromatic profile of the dried raw materials. Furthermore, VOC variation was investigated as function of the bleaching treatment with H2O2. The bleached samples were also analyzed after a long storage period (24 months), to assess their stability over time. As a result, the VOC fraction of the fresh raw fiber showed nine classes of analytes; these were restricted to seven for the bleached fiber at t0 time, and further reduced to four classes at the age of 24 months. Alcohols were the main group detected in the fresh raw sample (33.8 % of the total chromatogram area), with 2,3-butanediol isomers as the main compounds. These analytes decreased with time. An opposite trend was observed for the acids (9.7% at t0), which increased with time and became the most important class in the 24-month aged and bleached sample (57.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maletti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronica D’Eusanio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Caterina Durante
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Pincelli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Tassi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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32
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Hu L, Guo S, Wang B, Fu R, Fan D, Jiang M, Fei Q, Gonzalez R. Bio-valorization of C1 gaseous substrates into bioalcohols: Potentials and challenges in reducing carbon emissions. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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33
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Choi Y, Kim YH. Regulatory role of cysteines in (2R, 3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase BdhA of Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13. J Microbiol 2022; 60:411-418. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Metabolic Engineering Interventions for Sustainable 2,3-Butanediol Production in Gas-Fermenting Clostridium autoethanogenum. mSystems 2022; 7:e0111121. [PMID: 35323044 PMCID: PMC9040633 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01111-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas fermentation provides a promising platform to turn low-cost and readily available single-carbon waste gases into commodity chemicals, such as 2,3-butanediol. Clostridium autoethanogenum is usually used as a robust and flexible chassis for gas fermentation. Here, we leveraged constraint-based stoichiometric modeling and kinetic ensemble modeling of the C. autoethanogenum metabolic network to provide a systematic in silico analysis of metabolic engineering interventions for 2,3-butanediol overproduction and low carbon substrate loss in dissipated CO2. Our analysis allowed us to identify and to assess comparatively the expected performances for a wide range of single, double, and triple interventions. Our analysis managed to individuate bottleneck reactions in relevant metabolic pathways when suggesting intervening strategies. Besides recapitulating intuitive and/or previously attempted genetic modifications, our analysis neatly outlined that interventions-at least partially-impinging on by-products branching from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and pyruvate (acetate, ethanol, amino acids) offer valuable alternatives to the interventions focusing directly on the specific branch from pyruvate to 2,3-butanediol. IMPORTANCE Envisioning value chains inspired by environmental sustainability and circularity in economic models is essential to counteract the alterations in the global natural carbon cycle induced by humans. Recycling carbon-based waste gas streams into chemicals by devising gas fermentation bioprocesses mediated by acetogens of the genus Clostridium is one component of the solution. Carbon monoxide originates from multiple biogenic and abiogenic sources and bears a significant environmental impact. This study aims at identifying metabolic engineering interventions for increasing 2,3-butanediol production and avoiding carbon loss in CO2 dissipation via C. autoethanogenum fermenting a substrate comprising CO and H2. 2,3-Butanediol is a valuable biochemical by-product since, due to its versatility, can be transformed quite easily into chemical compounds such as butadiene, diacetyl, acetoin, and methyl ethyl ketone. These compounds are usable as building blocks to manufacture a vast range of industrially produced chemicals.
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35
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Wang X, Zhang L, Liang S, Yin Y, Wang P, Li Y, Chin WS, Xu J, Wen J. Enhancing the capability of Klebsiella pneumoniae to produce 1, 3-propanediol by overexpression and regulation through CRISPR-dCas9. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2112-2125. [PMID: 35298861 PMCID: PMC9249332 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common strain of bacterial fermentation to produce 1, 3‐propanediol (1, 3‐PDO). In general, the production of 1, 3‐PDO by wild‐type K. pneumoniae is relatively low. Therefore, a new gene manipulation of K. pneumoniae was developed to improve the production of 1, 3‐PDO by overexpressing in the reduction pathway and attenuating the by‐products in the oxidation pathway. Firstly, dhaB and/or dhaT were overexpressed in the reduction pathway. Considering the cost of IPTG, the constitutive promoter P32 was selected to express the key gene. By comparing K.P. pET28a‐P32‐dhaT with the original strain, the production of 1, 3‐PDO was increased by 19.7%, from 12.97 to 15.53 g l−1 (in a 250 ml shaker flask). Secondly, three lldD and budC regulatory sites were selected in the by‐product pathway, respectively, using the CRISPR‐dCas9 system, and the optimal regulatory sites were selected following the 1, 3‐PDO production. As a result, the 1, 3‐PDO production by K.P. L1‐pRH2521 and K.P. B3‐pRH2521 reached up to 19.16 and 18.74 g l−1, which was increased by 47.7% and 44.5% respectively. Overexpressing dhaT and inhibiting expression of lldD and budC were combined to further enhance the ability of K. pneumoniae to produce 1, 3‐PDO. The 1, 3‐PDO production by K.P. L1‐B3‐PRH2521‐P32‐dhaT reached 57.85 g l−1 in a 7.5 l fermentation tank (with Na+ neutralizer), which is higher than that of the original strain. This is the first time that the 1, 3‐PDO production was improved in K. pneumoniae by overexpressing the key gene and attenuating by‐product synthesis in the CRISPR‐dCas9 system. This study reports an efficient approach to regulate the expression of genes in K. pneumoniae to increase the 1, 3‐PDO production, and such a strategy may be useful to modify other strains to produce valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lin Zhang
- Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute of Sinopec, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Shaoxiong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yicao Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wee Shong Chin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Effectively Converting Cane Molasses into 2,3-Butanediol Using Clostridium ljungdahlii by an Integrated Fermentation and Membrane Separation Process. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030954. [PMID: 35164219 PMCID: PMC8839846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Firstly, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a chemical platform used in several applications. However, the pathogenic nature of its producers and the expensive feedstocks used limit its scale production. In this study, cane molasses was used for 2,3-BDO production by a nonpathogenic Clostridium ljungdahlii. It was found that cane molasses alone, without the addition of other ingredients, was favorable for use as the culture medium for 2,3-BDO production. Compared with the control (i.e., the modified DSMZ 879 medium), the differential genes are mainly involved in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and amino acid metabolism in the case of the cane molasses alone. However, when cane molasses alone was used, cell growth was significantly inhibited by KCl in cane molasses. Similarly, a high concentration of sugars (i.e., above 35 g/L) can inhibit cell growth and 2,3-BDO production. More seriously, 2,3-BDO production was inhibited by itself. As a result, cane molasses alone with an initial 35 g/L total sugars was suitable for 2,3-BDO production in batch culture. Finally, an integrated fermentation and membrane separation process was developed to maintain high 2,3-BDO productivity of 0.46 g·L−1·h−1. Meanwhile, the varied fouling mechanism indicated that the fermentation properties changed significantly, especially for the cell properties. Therefore, the integrated fermentation and membrane separation process was favorable for 2,3-BDO production by C. ljungdahlii using cane molasses.
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Li J, Lu J, Ma Z, Li J, Chen X, Diao M, Xie N. A Green Route for High-Yield Production of Tetramethylpyrazine From Non-Food Raw Materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:792023. [PMID: 35145961 PMCID: PMC8823705 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.792023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an active pharmaceutical ingredient originally isolated from Ligusticum wallichii for curing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is widely used as a popular flavoring additive in the food industry. Hence, there is a great interest in developing new strategies to produce this high-value compound in an ecological and economical way. Herein, a cost-competitive combinational approach was proposed to accomplish green and high-efficiency production of TMP. First, microbial cell factories were constructed to produce acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone, AC), an endogenous precursor of TMP, by introducing a biosynthesis pathway coupled with an intracellular NAD+ regeneration system to the wild-type Escherichia coli. To further improve the production of (R)-AC, the metabolic pathways of by-products were impaired or blocked stepwise by gene manipulation, resulting in 40.84 g/L (R)-AC with a high optical purity of 99.42% in shake flasks. Thereafter, an optimal strain designated GXASR11 was used to convert the hydrolysates of inexpensive feedstocks into (R)-AC and achieved a titer of 86.04 g/L within 48 h in a 5-L fermenter under optimized fermentation conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest (R)-AC production with high optical purity (≥98%) produced from non-food raw materials using recombinant E. coli. The supernatant of fermentation broth was mixed with diammonium phosphate (DAP) to make a total volume of 20 ml and transferred to a high-pressure microreactor. Finally, 56.72 g/L TMP was obtained in 3 h via the condensation reaction with a high conversion rate (85.30%) under optimal reaction conditions. These results demonstrated a green and sustainable approach to efficiently produce high-valued TMP, which realized value addition of low-cost renewables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Life Science and Technology College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Life Science and Technology College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhilin Ma
- Life Science and Technology College, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xianrui Chen, ; Mengxue Diao,
| | - Mengxue Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xianrui Chen, ; Mengxue Diao,
| | - Nengzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as Precursors for Biopolymers and Composite Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030437. [PMID: 35160428 PMCID: PMC8840223 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a current subject in many works since coffee is the second most consumed beverage worldwide; however, coffee generates a high amount of waste (SCG) and can cause environmental problems if not discarded properly. Therefore, several studies on SCG valorization have been published, highlighting its waste as a valuable resource for different applications, such as biofuel, energy, biopolymer precursors, and composite production. This review provides an overview of the works using SCG as biopolymer precursors and for polymer composite production. SCG are rich in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and minerals. In particular, carbohydrates (polysaccharides) can be extracted and fermented to synthesize lactic acid, succinic acid, or polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). On the other hand, it is possible to extract the coffee oil and to synthesize PHA from lipids. Moreover, SCG have been successfully used as a filler for composite production using different polymer matrices. The results show the reasonable mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of SCG to support their applications, from food packaging to the automotive industry.
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Mitsui R, Yamada R, Matsumoto T, Ogino H. Bioengineering for the industrial production of 2,3-butanediol by the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:38. [PMID: 35018511 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Owing to issues, such as the depletion of petroleum resources and price instability, the development of biorefinery related technologies that produce fuels, electric power, chemical substances, among others, from renewable resources is being actively promoted. 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a key compound that can be used to produce various chemical substances. In recent years, 2,3-BDO production using biological processes has attracted extensive attention for achieving a sustainable society through the production of useful compounds from renewable resources. With the development of genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and other research field, studies on 2,3-BDO production by the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is safe and can be fabricated using an established industrial-scale cultivation technology, have been actively conducted. In this review, we sought to describe 2,3-BDO and its derivatives; discuss 2,3-BDO production by microorganisms, in particular S. cerevisiae, whose research and development has made remarkable progress; describe a method for separating and recovering 2,3-BDO from a microbial culture medium; and propose future prospects for the industrial production of 2,3-BDO by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Mitsui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ogino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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Abstract
The growing need for industrial production of bio-based acetoin and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is due to both environmental concerns, and their widespread use in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Acetoin is a common spice added to many foods, but also a valuable reagent in many chemical syntheses. Similarly, 2,3-BD is an indispensable chemical on the platform in the production of synthetic rubber, printing inks, perfumes, antifreeze, and fuel additives. This state-of-the-art review focuses on representatives of the genus Bacillus as prospective producers of acetoin and 2,3-BD. They have the following important advantages: non-pathogenic nature, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, and the ability to utilize a huge number of substrates (glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and inulin hydrolysates), sugars from the composition of lignocellulose (cellobiose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose), as well as waste glycerol. In addition, these strains can be improved by genetic engineering, and are amenable to process optimization. Bacillus spp. are among the best acetoin producers. They also synthesize 2,3-BD in titer and yield comparable to those of the pathogenic producers. However, Bacillus spp. show relatively lower productivity, which can be increased in the course of challenging future research.
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Green solvent-based extraction of chlorophyll a from Nannochloropsis sp. Using 2,3-butanediol. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kinetic modelling of 2,3-butanediol production by Raoultella terrigena CECT 4519 resting cells: Effect of fluid dynamics conditions and initial glycerol concentration. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Efficient 2,3-Butanediol/Acetoin Production Using Whole-Cell Biocatalyst with a New Nadh/Nad(+) Regeneration System. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An auto-inducing expression system was developed that could express target genes in S. marcescens MG1. Using this system, MG1 was constructed as a whole-cell biocatalyst to produce 2,3-butanediol/acetoin. Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase were expressed together to build an NADH regeneration system to transform diacetyl to 2,3-butanediol. After fermentation, the extract of recombinant S. marcescens MG1ABC (pETDuet-bdhA-fdh) showed 2,3-BDH activity of 57.8 U/mg and FDH activity of 0.5 U/mg. And 27.95 g/L of 2,3-BD was achieved with a productivity of 4.66 g/Lh using engineered S. marcescens MG1(Pswnb+pETDuet-bdhA-fdh) after 6 h incubation. Next, to produce 2,3-butanediol from acetoin, NADH oxidase and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis were co-expressed to obtain a NAD+ regeneration system. After fermentation, the recombinant strain S. marcescens MG1ABC (pSWNB+pETDuet-bdhA-yodC) showed AR activity of 212.4 U/mg and NOX activity of 150.1 U/mg. We obtained 44.9 g/L of acetoin with a productivity of 3.74 g/Lh using S. marcescens MG1ABC (pSWNB+pETDuet-bdhA-yodC). This work confirmed that S. marcescens could be designed as a whole-cell biocatalyst for 2,3-butanediol and acetoin production.
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Phytotoxins Produced by Two Biscogniauxia rosacearum Strains, Causal Agents of Grapevine Trunk Diseases, and Charcoal Canker of Oak Trees in Iran. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110812. [PMID: 34822596 PMCID: PMC8618908 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biscogniauxia rosacearum, recognized for the first time as a pathogen involved in grapevine trunk diseases in Paveh (west of Iran) vineyards, produced meso-2,3-butanediol (1) as the only phytotoxin. Nectriapyrone (2), (3R)-5-methylmellein (3), (3R)-5-methyl-6-methoxymellein (4), and tyrosol (5) were instead produced as phytotoxins from a strain of the same fungus isolated from oak trees in Zagros forests of Gilan-e Gharb, Kermanshah Province. They were identified comparing their 1H and 13C NMR, ESIMS, and specific optical rotation data with those already reported in the literature. The phytotoxicity of metabolites (1–5) was estimated by leaf puncture assay on Quercus ilex L. and Hedera helix L., and by leaf absorption assay on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) at a concentration of 5 × 10−3 and 10−3 M. Tested on grapevine, meso-2,3-butanediol (1) and (3R)-5-methyl-6-methoxymellein (4) resulted to be the most phytotoxic compounds. On Q. ilex, nectriapyrone (2) and tyrosol (5) showed severe necrosis at the highest concentration while none of the compounds (1–5) was active on H. helix. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity of compounds 3 and 4 was also compared with that of some related natural melleins to perform a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. The results of this study were also discussed.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Ma L, Lü M, Zhang W, Lü C, Gao C, Xu P, Ma C. Dehydrogenation Mechanism of Three Stereoisomers of Butane-2,3-Diol in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:728767. [PMID: 34513815 PMCID: PMC8427195 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.728767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a promising chassis of industrial biotechnology due to its metabolic versatility. Butane-2,3-diol (2,3-BDO) is a precursor of numerous value-added chemicals. It is also a microbial metabolite which widely exists in various habiting environments of P. putida KT2440. It was reported that P. putida KT2440 is able to use 2,3-BDO as a sole carbon source for growth. There are three stereoisomeric forms of 2,3-BDO: (2R,3R)-2,3-BDO, meso-2,3-BDO and (2S,3S)-2,3-BDO. However, whether P. putida KT2440 can utilize three stereoisomeric forms of 2,3-BDO has not been elucidated. Here, we revealed the genomic and enzymic basis of P. putida KT2440 for dehydrogenation of different stereoisomers of 2,3-BDO into acetoin, which will be channeled to central mechanism via acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system. (2R,3R)-2,3-BDO dehydrogenase (PP0552) was detailedly characterized and identified to participate in (2R,3R)-2,3-BDO and meso-2,3-BDO dehydrogenation. Two quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases, PedE (PP2674) and PedH (PP2679), were confirmed to be responsible for (2S,3S)-2,3-BDO dehydrogenation. The function redundancy and inverse regulation of PedH and PedE by lanthanide availability provides a mechanism for the adaption of P. putida KT2440 to variable environmental conditions. Elucidation of the mechanism of 2,3-BDO catabolism in P. putida KT2440 would provide new insights for bioproduction of 2,3-BDO-derived chemicals based on this robust chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Maina S, Schneider R, Alexandri M, Papapostolou H, Nychas GJ, Koutinas A, Venus J. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient as fermentation control parameter to manipulate the production of either acetoin or D-2,3-butanediol using bakery waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125155. [PMID: 34015563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of either acetoin or D-2,3-butanediol (D-BDO) by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cultivated on bakery waste hydrolysates has been evaluated in bioreactor cultures by varying the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa). The highest D-BDO production (55.2 g L-1) was attained in batch fermentations with kLa value of 64 h-1. Batch fermentations performed at 203 h-1 led to the highest productivity (2.16 g L-1h-1) and acetoin production (47.4 g L-1). The utilization of bakery waste hydrolysate in fed-batch cultures conducted at kLa of 110 h-1 led to combined production of acetoin, meso-BDO and D-BDO (103.9 g L-1). Higher kLa value (200 h-1) resulted to 65.9 g L-1 acetoin with 1.57 g L-1h-1 productivity. It has been demonstrated that the kLa value may divert the bacterial metabolism towards high acetoin or D-BDO production during fermentation carried out in crude bakery waste hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maina
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Roland Schneider
- Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Alexandri
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Harris Papapostolou
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Joachim Venus
- Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Rehman S, Khairul Islam M, Khalid Khanzada N, Kyoungjin An A, Chaiprapat S, Leu SY. Whole sugar 2,3-butanediol fermentation for oil palm empty fruit bunches biorefinery by a newly isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae PM2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 333:125206. [PMID: 33940505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective utilization of cellulose and hemicelluloses is essential to sustainable bioconversion of lignocellulose. A newly isolated xylose-utilizing strain, Klebsiella pneumoniae PM2, was introduced to convert the biomass "whole sugars" into high value 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) in a biorefinery process. The fermentation conditions were optimized (30°C, pH 7, and 150 rpm agitation) using glucose for maximum 2,3-BDO production in batch systems. A sulfite pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) whole slurry (substrate hydrolysate 119.5 g/L total glucose mixed with pretreatment spent liquor 80 g/L xylose) was fed to strain PM2 for fermentation. The optimized biorefinery process resulted in 75.03 ± 3.17 g/L of 2,3-BDO with 0.78 ± 0.33 g/L/h productivity and 0.43 g/g yield (87% of theoretical value) via a modified staged separate hydrolysis and fermentation process. This result is equivalent to approximately 135 kg 2,3-BDO and 14.5 kg acetoin precursors from 1 ton of EFB biomass without any wastage of both C6 and C5 sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Md Khairul Islam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Alicia Kyoungjin An
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sumate Chaiprapat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Becker J, Wittmann C. Metabolic Engineering of
Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wu C, Spiller R, Dowe N, Bomble YJ, St John PC. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Modeling of Co-utilization of Glucose and Xylose for 2,3-BDO Production by Zymomonas mobilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:707749. [PMID: 34381766 PMCID: PMC8350737 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.707749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior engineering of the ethanologen Zymomonas mobilis has enabled it to metabolize xylose and to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) as a dominant fermentation product. When co-fermenting with xylose, glucose is preferentially utilized, even though xylose metabolism generates ATP more efficiently during 2,3-BDO production on a BDO-mol basis. To gain a deeper understanding of Z. mobilis metabolism, we first estimated the kinetic parameters of the glucose facilitator protein of Z. mobilis by fitting a kinetic uptake model, which shows that the maximum transport capacity of glucose is seven times higher than that of xylose, and glucose is six times more affinitive to the transporter than xylose. With these estimated kinetic parameters, we further compared the thermodynamic driving force and enzyme protein cost of glucose and xylose metabolism. It is found that, although 20% more ATP can be yielded stoichiometrically during xylose utilization, glucose metabolism is thermodynamically more favorable with 6% greater cumulative Gibbs free energy change, more economical with 37% less enzyme cost required at the initial stage and sustains the advantage of the thermodynamic driving force and protein cost through the fermentation process until glucose is exhausted. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and phosphoglycerate mutase (pgm) are identified as thermodynamic bottlenecks in glucose utilization pathway, as well as two more enzymes of xylose isomerase and ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase in xylose metabolism. Acetolactate synthase is found as potential engineering target for optimized protein cost supporting unit metabolic flux. Pathway analysis was then extended to the core stoichiometric matrix of Z. mobilis metabolism. Growth was simulated by dynamic flux balance analysis and the model was validated showing good agreement with experimental data. Dynamic FBA simulations suggest that a high agitation is preferable to increase 2,3-BDO productivity while a moderate agitation will benefit the 2,3-BDO titer. Taken together, this work provides thermodynamic and kinetic insights of Z. mobilis metabolism on dual substrates, and guidance of bioengineering efforts to increase hydrocarbon fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Ryan Spiller
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Nancy Dowe
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States.,National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Yannick J Bomble
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Peter C St John
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
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50
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Lee JW, Lee YG, Jin YS, Rao CV. Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms for 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5751-5767. [PMID: 34287658 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising commodity chemical with various industrial applications. While petroleum-based chemical processes currently dominate the industrial production of 2,3-BDO, fermentation-based production of 2,3-BDO provides an attractive alternative to chemical-based processes with regards to economic and environmental sustainability. The achievement of high 2,3-BDO titer, yield, and productivity in microbial fermentation is a prerequisite for the production of 2,3-BDO at large scales. Also, enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO production is desirable because 2,3-BDO stereoisomers have unique physicochemical properties. Pursuant to these goals, many metabolic engineering strategies to improve 2,3-BDO production from inexpensive sugars by Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus species, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed. This review summarizes the recent advances in metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms to enable efficient and enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. KEY POINTS: • K. oxytoca, Bacillus species, and S. cerevisiae have been engineered to achieve efficient 2,3-BDO production. • Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms enabled enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. • Cost-effective 2,3-BDO production can be feasible by using renewable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ye-Gi Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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