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Shayor AA, Kabir ME, Rifath MSA, Rashid AB, Oh KW. A Synergistic Overview between Microfluidics and Numerical Research for Vascular Flow and Pathological Investigations. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5872. [PMID: 39338617 PMCID: PMC11435959 DOI: 10.3390/s24185872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Vascular diseases are widespread, and sometimes such life-threatening medical disorders cause abnormal blood flow, blood particle damage, changes to flow dynamics, restricted blood flow, and other adverse effects. The study of vascular flow is crucial in clinical practice because it can shed light on the causes of stenosis, aneurysm, blood cancer, and many other such diseases, and guide the development of novel treatments and interventions. Microfluidics and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) are two of the most promising new tools for investigating these phenomena. When compared to conventional experimental methods, microfluidics offers many benefits, including lower costs, smaller sample quantities, and increased control over fluid flow and parameters. In this paper, we address the strengths and weaknesses of computational and experimental approaches utilizing microfluidic devices to investigate the rheological properties of blood, the forces of action causing diseases related to cardiology, provide an overview of the models and methodologies of experiments, and the fabrication of devices utilized in these types of research, and portray the results achieved and their applications. We also discuss how these results can inform clinical practice and where future research should go. Overall, it provides insights into why a combination of both CFDs, and experimental methods can give even more detailed information on disease mechanisms recreated on a microfluidic platform, replicating the original biological system and aiding in developing the device or chip itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abrar Shayor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emamul Kabir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Md Sartaj Ahamed Rifath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Adib Bin Rashid
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang W Oh
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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2
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Dortaj H, Azarpira N, Pakbaz S. Insight to Biofabrication of Liver Microtissues for Disease Modeling: Challenges and Opportunities. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1303-1311. [PMID: 37846577 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x257744231009071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, liver diseases with high mortality rates have become one of the most important health problems in the world. Organ transplantation is currently considered the most effective treatment for compensatory liver failure. An increasing number of patients and shortage of donors has led to the attention of reconstructive medicine methods researchers. The biggest challenge in the development of drugs effective in chronic liver disease is the lack of a suitable preclinical model that can mimic the microenvironment of liver problems. Organoid technology is a rapidly evolving field that enables researchers to reconstruct, evaluate, and manipulate intricate biological processes in vitro. These systems provide a biomimetic model for studying the intercellular interactions necessary for proper organ function and architecture in vivo. Liver organoids, formed by the self-assembly of hepatocytes, are microtissues and can exhibit specific liver characteristics for a long time in vitro. Hepatic organoids are identified as an impressive tool for evaluating potential cures and modeling liver diseases. Modeling various liver diseases, including tumors, fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, etc., allows the study of the effects of various drugs on these diseases in personalized medicine. Here, we summarize the literature relating to the hepatic stem cell microenvironment and the formation of liver Organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Roberto de Barros N, Wang C, Maity S, Peirsman A, Nasiri R, Herland A, Ermis M, Kawakita S, Gregatti Carvalho B, Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi N, Donizetti Herculano R, Tirpáková Z, Mohammad Hossein Dabiri S, Lucas Tanaka J, Falcone N, Choroomi A, Chen R, Huang S, Zisblatt E, Huang Y, Rashad A, Khorsandi D, Gangrade A, Voskanian L, Zhu Y, Li B, Akbari M, Lee J, Remzi Dokmeci M, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Engineered organoids for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115142. [PMID: 37967768 PMCID: PMC10842104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
As miniaturized and simplified stem cell-derived 3D organ-like structures, organoids are rapidly emerging as powerful tools for biomedical applications. With their potential for personalized therapeutic interventions and high-throughput drug screening, organoids have gained significant attention recently. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in engineering organoids and using materials engineering, biochemical modifications, and advanced manufacturing technologies to improve organoid culture and replicate vital anatomical structures and functions of human tissues. We then explore the diverse biomedical applications of organoids, including drug development and disease modeling, and highlight the tools and analytical techniques used to investigate organoids and their microenvironments. We also examine the latest clinical trials and patents related to organoids that show promise for future clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of using organoids to advance biomedical research and potentially transform personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canran Wang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Arne Peirsman
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Bruna Gregatti Carvalho
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Negar Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, 1591634311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bioengineering and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Zuzana Tirpáková
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Dabiri
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jean Lucas Tanaka
- Butantan Institute, Viral Biotechnology Laboratory, São Paulo, SP Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - RunRun Chen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Elisheva Zisblatt
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ahmad Rashad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ankit Gangrade
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Leon Voskanian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Bingbing Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
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Despicht C, Munkboel CH, Chou HN, Ertl P, Rothbauer M, Kutter JP, Styrishave B, Kretschmann A. Towards a microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay-biocompatibility study and steroid detection on a thiol-ene-based chip. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5421-5436. [PMID: 37438566 PMCID: PMC10444685 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-based microfluidic assays offers exciting new opportunities in toxicity testing, allowing for integration of new functionalities, automation, and high throughput in comparison to traditional well-plate assays. As endocrine disruption caused by environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals represents a growing global health burden, the purpose of the current study was to contribute towards the miniaturization of the H295R steroidogenesis assay, from the well-plate to the microfluidic format. Microfluidic chip fabrication with the established well-plate material polystyrene (PS) is expensive and complicated; PDMS and thiol-ene were therefore tested as potential chip materials for microfluidic H295R cell culture, and evaluated in terms of cell attachment, cell viability, and steroid synthesis in the absence and presence of collagen surface modification. Additionally, spike-recovery experiments were performed, to investigate potential steroid adsorption to chip materials. Cell aggregation with poor steroid recoveries was observed for PDMS, while cells formed monolayer cultures on the thiol-ene chip material, with cell viability and steroid synthesis comparable to cells grown on a PS surface. As thiol-ene overall displayed more favorable properties for H295R cell culture, a microfluidic chip design and corresponding cell seeding procedure were successfully developed, achieving repeatable and uniform cell distribution in microfluidic channels. Finally, H295R perfusion culture on thiol-ene chips was investigated at different flow rates (20, 10, and 2.5 µL/min), and 13 steroids were detected in eluting cell medium over 48 h at the lowest flow rate. The presented work and results pave the way for a time-resolved microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Despicht
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Cecilie H Munkboel
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Hua Nee Chou
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Kretschmann
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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Shi L, Liu S, Li X, Huang X, Luo H, Bai Q, Li Z, Wang L, Du X, Jiang C, Liu S, Li C. Droplet microarray platforms for high-throughput drug screening. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:260. [PMID: 37318602 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening platforms are fundamental for the rapid and efficient processing of large amounts of experimental data. Parallelization and miniaturization of experiments are important for improving their cost-effectiveness. The development of miniaturized high-throughput screening platforms is essential in the fields of biotechnology, medicine, and pharmacology. Currently, most laboratories use 96- or 384-well microtiter plates for screening; however, they have disadvantages, such as high reagent and cell consumption, low throughput, and inability to avoid cross-contamination, which need to be further optimized. Droplet microarrays, as novel screening platforms, can effectively avoid these shortcomings. Here, the preparation method of the droplet microarray, method of adding compounds in parallel, and means to read the results are briefly described. Next, the latest research on droplet microarray platforms in biomedicine is presented, including their application in high-throughput culture, cell screening, high-throughput nucleic acid screening, drug development, and individualized medicine. Finally, the challenges and future trends in droplet microarray technology are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Sutong Liu
- Juxing College of Digital Economics, Haikou University of Economics, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Xue Li
- Sichuan Hanyuan County People's Hospital, Hanyuan, 625300, China
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RFCircuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310038, China
| | - Hongzhi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563002, China
| | - Qianwen Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563002, China
| | - Zhu Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaoxin Du
- Office of Scientific Research & Development, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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6
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Grigorev GV, Lebedev AV, Wang X, Qian X, Maksimov GV, Lin L. Advances in Microfluidics for Single Red Blood Cell Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 36671952 PMCID: PMC9856164 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Researchers in this field have highlighted the vast potential in developing micro devices for industrial and academia usages, including lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances of microfluidics for single RBC analyses, including integrated sensors and microfluidic platforms for microscopic/tomographic/spectroscopic single RBC analyses, trapping arrays (including bifurcating channels), dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, as well as clinical implications covering cancer, sepsis, prenatal, and Sickle Cell diseases. Microfluidics based RBC microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques (including acoustic, dielectrophoretic, hydrodynamic, magnetic, and optical techniques) are also reviewed. Lastly, organs on chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery involving single RBC are described. The limitations and drawbacks of each technology are addressed and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii V. Grigorev
- Data Science and Information Technology Research Center, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California in Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Information Technology, Cherepovets State University, 162600 Cherepovets, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Lebedev
- Machine Building Department, Bauman Moscow State University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - George V. Maksimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Physical metallurgy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education National Research Technological University “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liwei Lin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California in Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Sun W, Liu Z, Xu J, Cheng Y, Yin R, Ma L, Li H, Qian X, Zhang H. 3D skin models along with skin-on-a-chip systems: A critical review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Deng Y, Lin Z, Cheng Y. Coding recognition of the dose-effect interdependence of small biomolecules encrypted on paired chromatographic-based microassay arrays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5991-6001. [PMID: 35680658 PMCID: PMC9183755 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of small biomolecules has suffered from the lack of a comprehensive framework to express the intrinsic correlation between bioactivity and the contribution from small molecules in complex samples with molecular and bioactivity diversity. Here, by mapping a sample’s 2D-HPTLC fingerprint to microplates, paired chromatographic-based microassay arrays are created, which can be used as quasi-chips to characterize multiple attributes of chromatographic components; as the array differential expression of the bioactivity and molecular attributes of irregular chromatographic spots for dose–effect interdependent encoding; and also as the automatic-collimated array mosaics of the multi-attributes of each component itself encrypted by its chromatographic fingerprint. Based on this homologous framework, we propose a correlating recognition strategy for small biomolecules through their self-consistent chromatographic behavior characteristics. In the approach, the small biomolecule recognition in diverse compounds is transformed into a constraint satisfaction problem, which is addressed through examining the dose–effect interdependence of the homologous 2D code pairs by an array matching algorithm, instead of preparing diverse compound monomers of complex test samples for identification item-by-item. Furthermore, considering the dose–effect interdependent 2D code pairs as links and the digital-specific quasimolecular ions as nodes, an extendable self-consistent framework that correlates mammalian cell phenotypic and target-based bioassays with small biomolecules is established. Therefore, the small molecule contributions and the correlations of bioactivities, as well as their pathways, can be comprehensively revealed, so as to improve the reliability and efficiency of screening. This strategy was successfully applied to galangal, and demonstrated the high-throughput digital preliminary screening of small biomolecules in a natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research & Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| | - Zhenpeng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research & Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research & Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
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Rothbauer M, Eilenberger C, Spitz S, Bachmann BEM, Kratz SRA, Reihs EI, Windhager R, Toegel S, Ertl P. Recent Advances in Additive Manufacturing and 3D Bioprinting for Organs-On-A-Chip and Microphysiological Systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:837087. [PMID: 35252144 PMCID: PMC8891807 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.837087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The re-creation of physiological cellular microenvironments that truly resemble complex in vivo architectures is the key aspect in the development of advanced in vitro organotypic tissue constructs. Among others, organ-on-a-chip technology has been increasingly used in recent years to create improved models for organs and tissues in human health and disease, because of its ability to provide spatio-temporal control over soluble cues, biophysical signals and biomechanical forces necessary to maintain proper organotypic functions. While media supply and waste removal are controlled by microfluidic channel by a network the formation of tissue-like architectures in designated micro-structured hydrogel compartments is commonly achieved by cellular self-assembly and intrinsic biological reorganization mechanisms. The recent combination of organ-on-a-chip technology with three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and additive manufacturing techniques allows for an unprecedented control over tissue structures with the ability to also generate anisotropic constructs as often seen in in vivo tissue architectures. This review highlights progress made in bioprinting applications for organ-on-a-chip technology, and discusses synergies and limitations between organ-on-a-chip technology and 3D bioprinting in the creation of next generation biomimetic in vitro tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara E. M. Bachmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian R. A. Kratz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva I. Reihs
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Xu Y, Yu G, Nie R, Wu Z. Microfluidic systems toward blood hemostasis monitoring and thrombosis diagnosis: From design principles to micro/nano fabrication technologies. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Soft Intelligence Lab State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Guang Yu
- Experimental Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ruqiong Nie
- Department of Cardiology Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Soft Intelligence Lab State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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How does the Internet of Things (IoT) help in microalgae biorefinery? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107819. [PMID: 34454007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae biorefinery is a platform for the conversion of microalgal biomass into a variety of value-added products, such as biofuels, bio-based chemicals, biomaterials, and bioactive substances. Commercialization and industrialization of microalgae biorefinery heavily rely on the capability and efficiency of large-scale cultivation of microalgae. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel technologies that can be used to monitor, automatically control, and precisely predict microalgae production. In light of this, innovative applications of the Internet of things (IoT) technologies in microalgae biorefinery have attracted tremendous research efforts. IoT has potential applications in a microalgae biorefinery for the automatic control of microalgae cultivation, monitoring and manipulation of microalgal cultivation parameters, optimization of microalgae productivity, identification of toxic algae species, screening of target microalgae species, classification of microalgae species, and viability detection of microalgal cells. In this critical review, cutting-edge IoT technologies that could be adopted to microalgae biorefinery in the upstream and downstream processing are described comprehensively. The current advances of the integration of IoT with microalgae biorefinery are presented. What this review discussed includes automation, sensors, lab-on-chip, and machine learning, which are the main constituent elements and advanced technologies of IoT. Specifically, future research directions are discussed with special emphasis on the development of sensors, the application of microfluidic technology, robotized microalgae, high-throughput platforms, deep learning, and other innovative techniques. This review could contribute greatly to the novelty and relevance in the field of IoT-based microalgae biorefinery to develop smarter, safer, cleaner, greener, and economically efficient techniques for exhaustive energy recovery during the biorefinery process.
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12
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Ferrari E, Palma C, Vesentini S, Occhetta P, Rasponi M. Integrating Biosensors in Organs-on-Chip Devices: A Perspective on Current Strategies to Monitor Microphysiological Systems. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E110. [PMID: 32872228 PMCID: PMC7558092 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chip (OoC), often referred to as microphysiological systems (MPS), are advanced in vitro tools able to replicate essential functions of human organs. Owing to their unprecedented ability to recapitulate key features of the native cellular environments, they represent promising tools for tissue engineering and drug screening applications. The achievement of proper functionalities within OoC is crucial; to this purpose, several parameters (e.g., chemical, physical) need to be assessed. Currently, most approaches rely on off-chip analysis and imaging techniques. However, the urgent demand for continuous, noninvasive, and real-time monitoring of tissue constructs requires the direct integration of biosensors. In this review, we focus on recent strategies to miniaturize and embed biosensing systems into organs-on-chip platforms. Biosensors for monitoring biological models with metabolic activities, models with tissue barrier functions, as well as models with electromechanical properties will be described and critically evaluated. In addition, multisensor integration within multiorgan platforms will be further reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.F.); (C.P.); (S.V.); (P.O.)
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13
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Rothbauer M, Höll G, Eilenberger C, Kratz SRA, Farooq B, Schuller P, Olmos Calvo I, Byrne RA, Meyer B, Niederreiter B, Küpcü S, Sevelda F, Holinka J, Hayden O, Tedde SF, Kiener HP, Ertl P. Monitoring tissue-level remodelling during inflammatory arthritis using a three-dimensional synovium-on-a-chip with non-invasive light scattering biosensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1461-1471. [PMID: 32219235 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic joint disease in which an autoimmune response translates into an inflammatory attack resulting in joint damage, disability and decreased quality of life. Despite recent introduction of therapeutic agents such as anti-TNFα, even the best current therapies fail to achieve disease remission in most arthritis patients. Therefore, research into the mechanisms governing the destructive inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis is of great importance and may reveal novel strategies for the therapeutic interventions. To gain deeper insight into its pathogensis, we have developed for the first time a three-dimensional synovium-on-a-chip system in order to monitor the onset and progression of inflammatory synovial tissue responses. In our study, patient-derived primary synovial organoids are cultivated on a single chip platform containing embedded organic-photodetector arrays for over a week in the absence and presence of tumor-necrosis-factor. Using a label-free and non-invasive optical light-scatter biosensing strategy inflammation-induced 3D tissue-level architectural changes were already detected after two days. We demonstrate that the integration of complex human synovial organ cultures in a lab-on-a-chip provides reproducible and reliable information on how systemic stress factors affect synovial tissue architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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14
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A compression transmission device for the evaluation of bonding strength of biocompatible microfluidic and biochip materials and systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1400. [PMID: 31996733 PMCID: PMC6989640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bonding of a variety of inorganic and organic polymers as multi-layered structures is one of the main challenges for biochip production even to date, since the chemical nature of these materials often does not allow easy and straight forward bonding and proper sealing. After selection of an appropriate method to bond the chosen materials to form a complex biochip, function and stability of bonding either requires qualitative burst tests or expensive mechanical multi-test stations, that often do not have the right adaptors to clamp biochip slides without destruction. Therefore, we have developed a simple and inexpensive bonding test based on 3D printed transmission elements that translate compressive forces via manual compression, hand press or hydraulic press compression into shear and tensile force. Mechanical stress simulations showed that design of the bonding geometry and size must be considered for bonding tests since the stress distribution thus bonding strength heavily varies with size but also with geometry. We demonstrate the broad applicability of our 3D printed bonding test system by testing the most frequent bonding strategies in combination with the respective most frequently used biochip material in a force-to-failure study. All evaluated materials are biocompatible and used in cell-based biochip devices. This study is evaluating state-of-the-art bonding approaches used for sealing of microfluidic biochips including adhesive bonding, plasma bonding, solvent bonding as well as bonding mediated by amino-silane monolayers or even functional thiol-ene epoxy biochip materials that obviate intermediate adhesive layers.
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15
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Development of Microalgae Biosensor Chip by Incorporating Microarray Oxygen Sensor for Pesticides Sensing. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9040133. [PMID: 31726653 PMCID: PMC6956216 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) biosensor chip for pesticide sensing has been developed by attaching the immobilized microalgae biofilm pon the microarray dye spots (size 100 μm and pitch 200 μm). The dye spots (ruthenium complex) were printed upon SO3-modified glass slides using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp and a microcontact printer (μCP). Emitted fluorescence intensity (FI) variance due to photosynthetic activity (O2 production) of microalgae was monitored by an inverted fluorescent microscope and inhibition of the oxygen generation rate was calculated based on the FI responses both before and after injection of pesticide sample. The calibration curves, as the inhibition of oxygen generation rate (%) due to photosynthetic activity inhibition by the pesticides, depicted that among the 6 tested pesticides, the biosensor showed good sensitivity for 4 pesticides (diuron, simetryn, simazine, and atrazine) but was insensitive for mefenacet and pendimethalin. The detection limits were 1 ppb for diuron and 10 ppb for simetryn, simazine, and atrazine. The simple and low-cost nature of sensing of the developed biosensor sensor chip has apparently created opportunities for regular water quality monitoring, where pesticides are an important concern.
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16
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Kratz SRA, Höll G, Schuller P, Ertl P, Rothbauer M. Latest Trends in Biosensing for Microphysiological Organs-on-a-Chip and Body-on-a-Chip Systems. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E110. [PMID: 31546916 PMCID: PMC6784383 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are considered next generation in vitro tools capable of recreating in vivo like, physiological-relevant microenvironments needed to cultivate 3D tissue-engineered constructs (e.g., hydrogel-based organoids and spheroids) as well as tissue barriers. These microphysiological systems are ideally suited to (a) reduce animal testing by generating human organ models, (b) facilitate drug development and (c) perform personalized medicine by integrating patient-derived cells and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into microfluidic devices. An important aspect of any diagnostic device and cell analysis platform, however, is the integration and application of a variety of sensing strategies to provide reliable, high-content information on the health status of the in vitro model of choice. To overcome the analytical limitations of organs-on-a-chip systems a variety of biosensors have been integrated to provide continuous data on organ-specific reactions and dynamic tissue responses. Here, we review the latest trends in biosensors fit for monitoring human physiology in organs-on-a-chip systems including optical and electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rudi Adam Kratz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gregor Höll
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patrick Schuller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Kratz SRA, Eilenberger C, Schuller P, Bachmann B, Spitz S, Ertl P, Rothbauer M. Characterization of four functional biocompatible pressure-sensitive adhesives for rapid prototyping of cell-based lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9287. [PMID: 31243326 PMCID: PMC6594959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the advent of affordable photo- and soft-lithography using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), low cost multi-step microfabrication methods have become available to a broad scientific community today. Although these methods are frequently applied for microfluidic prototype production in academic and industrial settings, fast design iterations and rapid prototyping within a few minutes with a high degree of flexibility are nearly impossible. To reduce microfluidic concept-to-chip time and costs, a number of alternative rapid prototyping techniques have recently been introduced including CNC micromachining, 3D printing and plotting out of numeric CAD designs as well as micro-structuring of thin PDMS sheets and pressure sensitive adhesives. Although micro-structuring of pressure sensitive adhesives promises high design flexibility, rapid fabrication and simple biochip assembly, most adhesives are toxic for living biological systems. Since an appropriate bio-interface and proper biology-material interaction is key for any cell chip and organ-on-a-chip system, only a limited number of medical-grade materials are available for microfluidic prototyping. In this study, we have characterized four functional biomedical-grade pressure sensitive adhesives for rapid prototyping (e.g. less than 1 hour) applications including structuring precision, physical and optical properties as well as biocompatibilities. While similar biocompatibility was found for all four adhesives, significant differences in cutting behavior, bonding strength to glass and polymers as well as gas permeability was observed. Practical applications included stability testing of multilayered, membrane-integrated organ-on-a-chip devices under standard cell culture conditions (e.g. 2-3 weeks at 37 °C and 100% humidity) and a shear-impact up to 5 dynes/cm2. Additionally, time- and shear-dependent uptake of non-toxic fluorescently labelled nanoparticles on human endothelial cells are demonstrated using micro-structured adhesive-bonded devices. Our results show that (a) both simple and complex microdevices can be designed, fabricated and tested in less than 1 hour, (b) these microdevices are stable for weeks even under physiological shear force conditions and (c) can be used to maintain cell monolayers as well as 3D cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R A Kratz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Schuller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Bachmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Eilenberger C, Spitz S, Bachmann BEM, Ehmoser EK, Ertl P, Rothbauer M. The Usual Suspects 2019: of Chips, Droplets, Synthesis, and Artificial Cells. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E285. [PMID: 31035574 PMCID: PMC6562886 DOI: 10.3390/mi10050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims to understand fundamental biological processes in more detail than possible for actual living cells. Synthetic biology can combat decomposition and build-up of artificial experimental models under precisely controlled and defined environmental and biochemical conditions. Microfluidic systems can provide the tools to improve and refine existing synthetic systems because they allow control and manipulation of liquids on a micro- and nanoscale. In addition, chip-based approaches are predisposed for synthetic biology applications since they present an opportune technological toolkit capable of fully automated high throughput and content screening under low reagent consumption. This review critically highlights the latest updates in microfluidic cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis as well as the progress on chip-based artificial cells. Even though progress is slow for microfluidic synthetic biology, microfluidic systems are valuable tools for synthetic biology and may one day help to give answers to long asked questions of fundamental cell biology and life itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Eva Maria Bachmann
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, A-1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva Kathrin Ehmoser
- Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Sticker D, Rothbauer M, Ehgartner J, Steininger C, Liske O, Liska R, Neuhaus W, Mayr T, Haraldsson T, Kutter JP, Ertl P. Oxygen Management at the Microscale: A Functional Biochip Material with Long-Lasting and Tunable Oxygen Scavenging Properties for Cell Culture Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9730-9739. [PMID: 30747515 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis, and its partial pressure determines cellular function and fate. Consequently, the ability to control oxygen tension is a critical parameter for recreating physiologically relevant in vitro culture conditions for mammalian cells and microorganisms. Despite its importance, most microdevices and organ-on-a-chip systems to date overlook oxygen gradient parameters because controlling oxygen often requires bulky and expensive external instrumental setups. To overcome this limitation, we have adapted an off-stoichiometric thiol-ene-epoxy polymer to efficiently remove dissolved oxygen to below 1 hPa and also integrated this modified polymer into a functional biochip material. The relevance of using an oxygen scavenging material in microfluidics is that it makes it feasible to readily control oxygen depletion rates inside the biochip by simply changing the surface-to-volume aspect ratio of the microfluidic channel network as well as by changing the temperature and curing times during the fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Sticker
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | | | - Olga Liske
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11 , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Micro and Nanosystems , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Brinellvägen 8 , 114 28 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
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20
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Lee SH, Jun BH. Advances in dynamic microphysiological organ-on-a-chip: Design principle and its biomedical application. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Ergir E, Bachmann B, Redl H, Forte G, Ertl P. Small Force, Big Impact: Next Generation Organ-on-a-Chip Systems Incorporating Biomechanical Cues. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1417. [PMID: 30356887 PMCID: PMC6190857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology-on-a-chip is a growing field focusing on how mechanical inputs modulate physico-chemical output in microphysiological systems. It is well known that biomechanical cues trigger a variety of molecular events and adjustment of mechanical forces is therefore essential for mimicking in vivo physiologies in organ-on-a-chip technology. Biomechanical inputs in organ-on-a-chip systems can range from variations in extracellular matrix type and stiffness and applied shear stresses to active stretch/strain or compression forces using integrated flexible membranes. The main advantages of these organ-on-a-chip systems are therefore (a) the control over spatiotemporal organization of in vivo-like tissue architectures, (b) the ability to precisely control the amount, duration and intensity of the biomechanical stimuli, and (c) the capability of monitoring in real time the effects of applied mechanical forces on cell, tissue and organ functions. Consequently, over the last decade a variety of microfluidic devices have been introduced to recreate physiological microenvironments that also account for the influence of physical forces on biological functions. In this review we present recent advances in mechanobiological lab-on-a-chip systems and report on lessons learned from these current mechanobiological models. Additionally, future developments needed to engineer next-generation physiological and pathological organ-on-a-chip models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Ergir
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bachmann
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- AUVA Research Centre, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Kompetenzzentrum für MechanoBiologie (INTERREG V-A Austria – Czech Republic Programme, ATCZ133), Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- AUVA Research Centre, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Kompetenzzentrum für MechanoBiologie (INTERREG V-A Austria – Czech Republic Programme, ATCZ133), Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology (INTERREG V-A Austria – Czech Republic Programme, ATCZ133), Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Kompetenzzentrum für MechanoBiologie (INTERREG V-A Austria – Czech Republic Programme, ATCZ133), Vienna, Austria
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22
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Rothbauer M, Rosser JM, Zirath H, Ertl P. Tomorrow today: organ-on-a-chip advances towards clinically relevant pharmaceutical and medical in vitro models. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 55:81-86. [PMID: 30189349 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology offers the potential to recapitulate human physiology by keeping human cells in a precisely controlled and artificial tissue-like microenvironment. The current and potential advantages of organs-on-chips over conventional cell cultures systems and animal models have captured the attention of scientists, clinicians and policymakers as well as advocacy groups in the past few years. Recent advances in tissue engineering and stem cell research are also aiding the development of clinically relevant chip-based organ and diseases models with organ level physiology for drug screening, biomedical research and personalized medicine. Here, the latest advances in organ-on-a-chip technology are reviewed and future clinical applications discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie M Rosser
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Zirath
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Xiong QQ, Chen Z, Li SW, Wang YD, Xu JH. Micro-PIV measurement and CFD simulation of flow field and swirling strength during droplet formation process in a coaxial microchannel. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Dettinger P, Frank T, Etzrodt M, Ahmed N, Reimann A, Trenzinger C, Loeffler D, Kokkaliaris KD, Schroeder T, Tay S. Automated Microfluidic System for Dynamic Stimulation and Tracking of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10695-10700. [PMID: 30059208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic environments determine cell fate decisions and function. Understanding the relationship between extrinsic signals on cellular responses and cell fate requires the ability to dynamically change environmental inputs in vitro, while continuously observing individual cells over extended periods of time. This is challenging for nonadherent cells, such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, because media flow displaces and disturbs such cells, preventing culture and tracking of single cells. Here, we present a programmable microfluidic system designed for the long-term culture and time-lapse imaging of nonadherent cells in dynamically changing cell culture conditions without losing track of individual cells. The dynamic, valve-controlled design permits targeted seeding of cells in up to 48 independently controlled culture chambers, each providing sufficient space for long-term cell colony expansion. Diffusion-based media exchange occurs rapidly and minimizes displacement of cells and eliminates shear stress. The chip was successfully tested with long-term culture and tracking of primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and murine embryonic stem cells. This system will have important applications to analyze dynamic signaling inputs controlling fate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dettinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Tino Frank
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Martin Etzrodt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Nouraiz Ahmed
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Reimann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Christoph Trenzinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Dirk Loeffler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos D Kokkaliaris
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Savaş Tay
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel , Switzerland.,Institute for Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , 5640 S. Ellis Ave , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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25
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Zirath H, Rothbauer M, Spitz S, Bachmann B, Jordan C, Müller B, Ehgartner J, Priglinger E, Mühleder S, Redl H, Holnthoner W, Harasek M, Mayr T, Ertl P. Every Breath You Take: Non-invasive Real-Time Oxygen Biosensing in Two- and Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Cell Models. Front Physiol 2018; 9:815. [PMID: 30018569 PMCID: PMC6037982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the availability of dissolved oxygen inside microfluidic cell culture systems is vital for recreating physiological-relevant microenvironments and for providing reliable and reproducible measurement conditions. It is important to highlight that in vivo cells experience a diverse range of oxygen tensions depending on the resident tissue type, which can also be recreated in vitro using specialized cell culture instruments that regulate external oxygen concentrations. While cell-culture conditions can be readily adjusted using state-of-the-art incubators, the control of physiological-relevant microenvironments within the microfluidic chip, however, requires the integration of oxygen sensors. Although several sensing approaches have been reported to monitor oxygen levels in the presence of cell monolayers, oxygen demands of microfluidic three-dimensional (3D)-cell cultures and spatio-temporal variations of oxygen concentrations inside two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell culture systems are still largely unknown. To gain a better understanding on available oxygen levels inside organ-on-a-chip systems, we have therefore developed two different microfluidic devices containing embedded sensor arrays to monitor local oxygen levels to investigate (i) oxygen consumption rates of 2D and 3D hydrogel-based cell cultures, (ii) the establishment of oxygen gradients within cell culture chambers, and (iii) influence of microfluidic material (e.g., gas tight vs. gas permeable), surface coatings, cell densities, and medium flow rate on the respiratory activities of four different cell types. We demonstrate how dynamic control of cyclic normoxic-hypoxic cell microenvironments can be readily accomplished using programmable flow profiles employing both gas-impermeable and gas-permeable microfluidic biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Zirath
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bachmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jordan
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Müller
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Bachmann B, Spitz S, Rothbauer M, Jordan C, Purtscher M, Zirath H, Schuller P, Eilenberger C, Ali SF, Mühleder S, Priglinger E, Harasek M, Redl H, Holnthoner W, Ertl P. Engineering of three-dimensional pre-vascular networks within fibrin hydrogel constructs by microfluidic control over reciprocal cell signaling. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042216. [PMID: 29983840 PMCID: PMC6010359 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reengineering functional vascular networks in vitro remains an integral part in tissue engineering, since the incorporation of non-perfused tissues results in restricted nutrient supply and limited waste removal. Microfluidic devices are routinely used to mimic both physiological and pathological vascular microenvironments. Current procedures either involve the investigation of growth factor gradients and interstitial flow on endothelial cell sprouting alone or on the heterotypic cell-cell interactions between endothelial and mural cells. However, limited research has been conducted on the influence of flow on co-cultures of these cells. Here, we exploited the ability of microfluidics to create and monitor spatiotemporal gradients to investigate the influence of growth factor supply and elution on vascularization using static as well as indirect and direct flow setups. Co-cultures of human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells embedded in fibrin hydrogels were found to be severely affected by diffusion limited growth factor gradients as well as by elution of reciprocal signaling molecules during both static and flow conditions. Static cultures formed pre-vascular networks up to a depth of 4 mm into the construct with subsequent decline due to diffusion limitation. In contrast, indirect flow conditions enhanced endothelial cell sprouting but failed to form vascular networks. Additionally, complete inhibition of pre-vascular network formation was observable for direct application of flow through the hydrogel with decline of endothelial cell viability after seven days. Using finite volume CFD simulations of different sized molecules vital for pre-vascular network formation into and out of the hydrogel constructs, we found that interstitial flow enhances growth factor supply to the cells in the bulk of the chamber but elutes cellular secretome, resulting in truncated, premature vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jordan
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Purtscher
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Zirath
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Schuller
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Eilenberger
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Michael Harasek
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Peter Ertl
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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27
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An approach for cell viability online detection based on the characteristics of lensfree cell diffraction fingerprint. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:163-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Next-Generation Live-Cell Microarray Technologies. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29633200 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7792-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Over the last decades the application of cell-based assays and in vitro cell culture systems has fundamentally transformed our understanding of biological functions on a cellular and organism level. The resulting ubiquitous usage of cell-based assays in today's scientific world has therefore generated a need for advanced in vitro diagnostic systems. This increased demand has further led to the development of miniaturized live-cell microarrays for biomedical applications including high-throughput screening tools and microfluidic systems. The greatest benefit of miniaturized cell analysis systems is the ability to provide quantitative data in real time with high reliability and sensitivity, which are key parameters for any cell-based assay. An additional advantage of live-cell microarrays is their inherent capability for large-scale screening of single cells, multicell populations, as well as spheroids.
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29
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Charwat V, Olmos Calvo I, Rothbauer M, Kratz SRA, Jungreuthmayer C, Zanghellini J, Grillari J, Ertl P. Combinatorial in Vitro and in Silico Approach To Describe Shear-Force Dependent Uptake of Nanoparticles in Microfluidic Vascular Models. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3651-3655. [PMID: 29478320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we combine experimental and computational methods to define the critical shear stress as an alternative parameter for nanotoxicological and nanomedical evaluations using an in vitro microfluidic vascular model. We demonstrate that our complementary in vitro and in silico approach is well suited to assess the fluid flow velocity above which clathrin-mediated (active) nanoparticle uptake per cell decreases drastically although higher numbers of nanoparticles per cell are introduced. Results of our study revealed a critical shear stress of 1.8 dyn/cm2, where maximum active cellular nanoparticle uptake took place, followed by a 70% decrease in uptake of 249 nm nanoparticles at 10 dyn/cm2, respectively. The observed nonlinear relationship between flow velocity and nanoparticle uptake strongly suggests that fluid mechanical forces also need to be considered in order to predict potential in vivo distribution, bioaccumulation, and clearance of nanomaterials and novel nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - Isabel Olmos Calvo
- Department of Medicine III , Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Vienna , Austria
| | | | | | - Jürgen Zanghellini
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria.,ACIB - Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology , Vienna , Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Vienna , Austria
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30
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Rothbauer M, Zirath H, Ertl P. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies for cell-to-cell interaction studies. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:249-270. [PMID: 29143053 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00815e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic cell cultures are ideally positioned to become the next generation of in vitro diagnostic tools for biomedical research, where key biological processes such as cell signalling and dynamic cell-to-cell interactions can be reliably analysed under reproducible physiological cell culture conditions. In the last decade, a large number of microfluidic cell analysis systems have been developed for a variety of applications including drug target optimization, drug screening and toxicological testing. More recently, advanced in vitro microfluidic cell culture systems have emerged that are capable of replicating the complex three-dimensional architectures of tissues and organs and thus represent valid biological models for investigating the mechanism and function of human tissue structures, as well as studying the onset and progression of diseases such as cancer. In this review, we present the most important developments in single-cell, 2D and 3D microfluidic cell culture systems for studying cell-to-cell interactions published over the last 6 years, with a focus on cancer research and immunotherapy, vascular models and neuroscience. In addition, the current technological development of microdevices with more advanced physiological cell microenvironments that integrate multiple organ models, namely, the so-called body-, human- and multi-organ-on-a-chip, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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31
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Abstract
Microfluidic systems can be applied to develop unique tools for cell culture, low-cost diagnostics, and precision experimentation by leveraging microscale fluid flow. As the field has expanded and matured, there is a need for rapid prototyping that is both accessible to most research groups and can readily translate toward scalable commercial manufacturing. Here, we describe a protocol that incorporates rapid computer numerical control (CNC) milling of positive molds, casting of a negative high-durometer silicone mold, and hot embossing to produce microfluidic devices composed of virtually any thermoplastic material. The method bypasses the need for high-precision machining of the bonding surfaces by using a cast acrylic stock and only milling channels, thus expanding this protocol to any CNC platform This technique represents a versatile, high-fidelity prototyping method that enables fast turnaround of prototype devices in a standard laboratory setting, while offering scalability for commercial manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Novak
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos F Ng
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Roggo C, Picioreanu C, Richard X, Mazza C, van Lintel H, van der Meer JR. Quantitative chemical biosensing by bacterial chemotaxis in microfluidic chips. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:241-258. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Roggo
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland 1015
| | - Cristian Picioreanu
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied Sciences; Delft University of Technology; Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Richard
- Department of Mathematics; University of Fribourg, CH-1700; Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Christian Mazza
- Department of Mathematics; University of Fribourg, CH-1700; Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Harald van Lintel
- Microsystems Laboratory LMIS4; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17; Lausanne Switzerland CH-1015
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33
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Marques MP, Szita N. Bioprocess microfluidics: applying microfluidic devices for bioprocessing. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017; 18:61-68. [PMID: 29276669 PMCID: PMC5727670 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices as novel bioprocess development tools. Processes with stem cells, microbes and enzymes are viable in microfluidic devices. Microfluidic devices with integrated sensors provide high quality data. Laminar flow enables spatial and temporal control over transport phenomena. Standardization of devices required for automation and industrial uptake.
Scale-down approaches have long been applied in bioprocessing to resolve scale-up problems. Miniaturized bioreactors have thrived as a tool to obtain process relevant data during early-stage process development. Microfluidic devices are an attractive alternative in bioprocessing development due to the high degree of control over process variables afforded by the laminar flow, and the possibility to reduce time and cost factors. Data quality obtained with these devices is high when integrated with sensing technology and is invaluable for scale-translation and to assess the economical viability of bioprocesses. Microfluidic devices as upstream process development tools have been developed in the area of small molecules, therapeutic proteins, and cellular therapies. More recently, they have also been applied to mimic downstream unit operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pc Marques
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
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34
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Rothbauer M, Frauenlob M, Gutkas K, Fischer MB, Sinner EK, Küpcü S, Ertl P. Development of a Multifunctional Nanobiointerface Based on Self-Assembled Fusion-Protein rSbpA/ZZ for Blood Cell Enrichment and Phenotyping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34423-34434. [PMID: 28920671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a multifunctional nanobiointerface for blood cell capture and phenotyping applications that features both excellent antifouling properties and high antibody activity. Multifunctionality is accomplished by modifying polymeric materials using self-assembled S-layer fusion-protein rSbpA/ZZ to immobilize high density antibodies at the two protein A binding sites of the rSbpA/ZZ nanolattice structure. Controlled orientation and alignment of the antibodies reduced antibody consumption 100-fold and increased cell capture efficiency 4-fold over standard methodologies. Cell analysis in complex samples was made possible by the remarkable antifouling properties of the rSbpA domain, while at the same time reducing unspecific binding and forgoing tedious blocking procedures. An automated microfluidic in situ cell analysis platform for isolation and phenotyping of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells was developed as practical application. Results obtained using our automated microfluidic cell analysis platform showed that the multifunctional nanobiointerface can discriminate among T helper and cytotoxic T cells, and thymocytes. Additionally, on-chip cell capture under flow conditions using a high affinity CD 3 selective nanobiointerface preferentially isolated cells with strong surface marker expression. This means that our dynamic microfluidic cell purification method allows the enrichment of 773 CD 8 positive cytotoxic T cells out of a total blood cell population of 7728 PBMCs, which is an increase in cell enrichment of 8-fold with a purity of 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Vienna University of Technology , Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Gutkas
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Life Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems , Dr. Karl Dorrekstrasse 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna , Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Kathrin Sinner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seta Küpcü
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Vienna University of Technology , Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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35
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Arellano JA, Howell TA, Gammon J, Cho S, Janát-Amsbury MM, Gale B. Use of a highly parallel microfluidic flow cell array to determine therapeutic drug dose response curves. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:25. [PMID: 28378146 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput, microfluidic flow cell array (MFCA) system has been modified to enable drug screening against small-volume cell-, and tissue cultures. The MFCA is composed of a 3D channel network that simultaneously flows fluids through forty-eight 830 μm by 500 μm flow cells, which physically divide and fluidically seal an existing culture into multiple compartments when docked onto the surface of a cell or tissue culture dish. The modified system provides temperature (37 °C) and CO2/pH level controls, while continuously flowing solutions (media or other liquid such as drug suspensions) over the cells/tissues. These assays were enhanced and validated using inverted microscopy and fluorescent staining techniques which also allow real time viability and toxicity assessments. This work presents the results of this new generation in vitro drug testing assay performed using this modified MFCA system. This setup allows the testing of 48 drug combinations on 48 different cell-, tissue specimen at once under flow conditions. All 48 flow cells were utilized to test 5 different concentrations of cisplatin (CDDP). CDDP solutions in various concentrations were continually flowed over cultured human ovarian cancer cells for 48 h. Viability assessments were performed using red-orange calcein and SYTOX ® Green nucleic acid stains. Cells were imaged at the beginning and end of the experiment (48 h). In order to compare and validate MFCAs suitability as drug screening assay, MTT assays were performed on cells. We found that both, MTT and MFCA assays generated dose-response curves with similar profiles. Innovative advantages of the MFCA system include the ability of handling smaller amounts of solutions compared to conventional and current state of the art drug screening and cell viability/toxicity methods. It also provides the ability to continually deliver fresh solution to the cell samples, while eliminating wastes that are produced. Based on our here reported findings MFCA may have a strong potential of providing a more physiological model than current state of the art static MTT assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Arellano
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive Room 3100, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA.
| | - Taylor A Howell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S Room 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
| | - James Gammon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S Room 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
| | - Sungpil Cho
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E Room 2B200, Salt Lake City, 84132-2101, UT, USA
| | - Margit M Janát-Amsbury
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive Room 3100, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E Room 2B200, Salt Lake City, 84132-2101, UT, USA
| | - Bruce Gale
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Drive Room 3100, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S Room 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA
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36
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Abstract
A great breadth of questions remains in cellular biology. Some questions cannot be answered using traditional analytical techniques and so demand the development of new tools for research. In the near future, the development of highly integrated microfluidic analytical platforms will enable the acquisition of unknown biological data. These microfluidic systems must allow cell culture under controlled microenvironment and high throughput analysis. For this purpose, the integration of a variable number of newly developed micro- and nano-technologies, which enable control of topography and surface chemistry, soluble factors, mechanical forces and cell–cell contacts, as well as technology for monitoring cell phenotype and genotype with high spatial and temporal resolution will be necessary. These multifunctional devices must be accompanied by appropriate data analysis and management of the expected large datasets generated. The knowledge gained with these platforms has the potential to improve predictive models of the behavior of cells, impacting directly in better therapies for disease treatment. In this review, we give an overview of the microtechnology toolbox available for the design of high throughput microfluidic platforms for cell analysis. We discuss current microtechnologies for cell microenvironment control, different methodologies to create large arrays of cellular systems and finally techniques for monitoring cells in microfluidic devices.
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37
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Tronser T, Popova AA, Levkin PA. Miniaturized platform for high-throughput screening of stem cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 46:141-149. [PMID: 28388486 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades stem cells have gained great interest in clinical research, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to their ability of self-renewal and potential to differentiate into the various cell types of the organism. The long-term maintenance of these unique properties and the control of stem cell differentiation in vitro, however, remains challenging, thus limiting their applicability in these fields. High-throughput screening (HTS) of stem cells is widely used by the researchers in order to gain more insight in the underlying mechanisms of stem cell fate as well as identifying compounds and factors maintaining stemness. However, limited availability and expandability of stem cells restricts the use of microtiter plates for HTS of stem cells emitting the urge for miniaturized platforms. This review highlights recent advances in the development of miniaturized platforms for HTS of stem cells and presents novel designs of miniaturized HTS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tronser
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anna A Popova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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38
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39
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Sticker D, Lechner S, Jungreuthmayer C, Zanghellini J, Ertl P. Microfluidic Migration and Wound Healing Assay Based on Mechanically Induced Injuries of Defined and Highly Reproducible Areas. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2326-2333. [PMID: 28192955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
All cell migration and wound healing assays are based on the inherent ability of adherent cells to move into adjacent cell-free areas, thus providing information on cell culture viability, cellular mechanisms and multicellular movements. Despite their widespread use for toxicological screening, biomedical research and pharmaceutical studies, to date no satisfactory technological solutions are available for the automated, miniaturized and integrated induction of defined wound areas. To bridge this technological gap, we have developed a lab-on-a-chip capable of mechanically inducing circular cell-free areas within confluent cell layers. The microdevices were fabricated using off-stoichiometric thiol-ene-epoxy (OSTEMER) polymer resulting in hard-polymer devices that are robust, cost-effective and disposable. We show that the pneumatically controlled membrane deflection/compression method not only generates highly reproducible (RSD 4%) injuries but also allows for repeated wounding in microfluidic environments. Performance analysis demonstrated that applied surface coating remains intact even after multiple wounding, while cell debris is simultaneously removed using laminar flow conditions. Furthermore, only a few injured cells were found along the edge of the circular cell-free areas, thus allowing reliable and reproducible cell migration of a wide range of surface sensitive anchorage dependent cell types. Practical application is demonstrated by investigating healing progression and endothelial cell migration in the absence and presence of an inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and a well-known cell proliferation inhibitor (mitomycin-C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Sticker
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Lechner
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jungreuthmayer
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.,TGM-Technologisches Gewerbemuseum , Wexstraße 19-23, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Zanghellini
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The development of microfabricated devices that will provide high-throughput quantitative data and high resolution in a fast, repeatable and reproducible manner is essential for plant biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Elitaş
- Department of Mechatronics
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956, Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Meral Yüce
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre
- Sabanci University
- 34956, Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Genetics and Bioengineering
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956, Istanbul
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41
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Kim MH, Inamori M, Akechi M, Abe H, Yagi Y, Kino-oka M. Development of an automated chip culture system with integrated on-line monitoring for maturation culture of retinal pigment epithelial cells. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2017.3.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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42
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Kim MH, Inamori M, Akechi M, Abe H, Yagi Y, Kino-oka M. Development of an automated chip culture system with integrated on-line monitoring for maturation culture of retinal pigment epithelial cells. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2017.4.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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43
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Kashaninejad N, Nikmaneshi MR, Moghadas H, Kiyoumarsi Oskouei A, Rismanian M, Barisam M, Saidi MS, Firoozabadi B. Organ-Tumor-on-a-Chip for Chemosensitivity Assay: A Critical Review. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7080130. [PMID: 30404302 PMCID: PMC6190381 DOI: 10.3390/mi7080130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With a mortality rate over 580,000 per year, cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the emerging field of microfluidics can potentially shed light on this puzzling disease. Unique characteristics of microfluidic chips (also known as micro-total analysis system) make them excellent candidates for biological applications. The ex vivo approach of tumor-on-a-chip is becoming an indispensable part of personalized medicine and can replace in vivo animal testing as well as conventional in vitro methods. In tumor-on-a-chip, the complex three-dimensional (3D) nature of malignant tumor is co-cultured on a microfluidic chip and high throughput screening tools to evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs are integrated on the same chip. In this article, we critically review the cutting edge advances in this field and mainly categorize each tumor-on-a-chip work based on its primary organ. Specifically, design, fabrication and characterization of tumor microenvironment; cell culture technique; transferring mechanism of cultured cells into the microchip; concentration gradient generators for drug delivery; in vitro screening assays of drug efficacy; and pros and cons of each microfluidic platform used in the recent literature will be discussed separately for the tumor of following organs: (1) Lung; (2) Bone marrow; (3) Brain; (4) Breast; (5) Urinary system (kidney, bladder and prostate); (6) Intestine; and (7) Liver. By comparing these microchips, we intend to demonstrate the unique design considerations of each tumor-on-a-chip based on primary organ, e.g., how microfluidic platform of lung-tumor-on-a-chip may differ from liver-tumor-on-a-chip. In addition, the importance of heart–liver–intestine co-culture with microvasculature in tumor-on-a-chip devices for in vitro chemosensitivity assay will be discussed. Such system would be able to completely evaluate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of anticancer drugs and more realistically recapitulate tumor in vivo-like microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Kashaninejad
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hajar Moghadas
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Milad Rismanian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Barisam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Said Saidi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahar Firoozabadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran.
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44
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Nguyen KDQ, Megone WV, Kong D, Gautrot JE. Ultrafast diffusion-controlled thiol–ene based crosslinking of silicone elastomers with tailored mechanical properties for biomedical applications. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-ene coupling enables the metal-free ultra-fast (seconds) crosslinking of polysiloxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dexu Kong
- Institute of Bioengineering
- Queen Mary
- University of London
- London
- UK
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45
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Sticker D, Rothbauer M, Lechner S, Hehenberger MT, Ertl P. Multi-layered, membrane-integrated microfluidics based on replica molding of a thiol-ene epoxy thermoset for organ-on-a-chip applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4542-54. [PMID: 26524977 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have investigated a photosensitive thermoset (OSTEMER 322-40) as a complementary material to readily fabricate complex multi-layered microdevices for applications in life science. Simple, versatile and robust fabrication of multifunctional microfluidics is becoming increasingly important for the development of customized tissue-, organ- and body-on-a-chip systems capable of mimicking tissue interfaces and biological barriers. In the present work key material properties including optical properties, vapor permeability, hydrophilicity and biocompatibility are evaluated for cell-based assays using fibroblasts, endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The excellent bonding strength of the OSTEMER thermoset to flexible fluoropolymer (FEP) sheets and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membranes further allows for the fabrication of integrated microfluidic components such as membrane-based microdegassers, microvalves and micropumps. We demonstrate the application of multi-layered, membrane-integrated microdevices that consist of up to seven layers and three membranes that specially confine and separate vascular cells from the epithelial barrier and 3D tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Sticker
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Rothbauer M, Praisler I, Docter D, Stauber RH, Ertl P. Microfluidic Impedimetric Cell Regeneration Assay to Monitor the Enhanced Cytotoxic Effect of Nanomaterial Perfusion. BIOSENSORS 2015; 5:736-49. [PMID: 26633532 PMCID: PMC4697142 DOI: 10.3390/bios5040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the application of nanomaterials (NMs) in technical products and biomedicine has become a rapidly increasing market trend. As the safety and efficacy of NMs are of utmost importance, new methods are needed to study the dynamic interactions of NMs at the nano-biointerface. However, evaluation of NMs based on standard and static cell culture end-point detection methods does not provide information on the dynamics of living biological systems, which is crucial for the understanding of physiological responses. To bridge this technological gap, we here present a microfluidic cell culture system containing embedded impedance microsensors to continuously and non-invasively monitor the effects of NMs on adherent cells under varying flow conditions. As a model, the impact of silica NMs on the vitality and regenerative capacity of human lung cells after acute and chronic exposure scenarios was studied over an 18-h period following a four-hour NM treatment. Results of the study demonstrated that the developed system is applicable to reliably analyze the consequences of dynamic NM exposure to physiological cell barriers in both nanotoxicology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Irene Praisler
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dominic Docter
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, ENT/University Medical Center Mainz, 55116 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, ENT/University Medical Center Mainz, 55116 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Peter Ertl
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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