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Singh YR, Thakur A, Fontes CMGA, Goyal A. A novel thermophilic recombinant obligate xylobiohydrolase (AcGH30A) from Acetivibrio clariflavus orchestrates the deconstruction of xylan polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122295. [PMID: 38858006 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
GH30 xylobiohydrolases, an expanding enzyme category, need deeper insights for optimal use. The primary aim of this study was to characterize a new xylobiohydrolase, AcGH30A of GH30 family from Acetivibrio clariflavus. The gene encoding AcGH30A was cloned using pET28a(+) vector and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. AcGH30A was purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis of AcGH30A showed molecular mass of ~58 kDa. AcGH30A showed optimum temperature 80 °C and optimum pH 7.0. AcGH30A was stable (maintaining >80 % of control activity) in pH range, 4-7 and temperature range, 30 °C -70 °C when incubated for 90 min. AcGH30A displayed melting temperature, 72 °C and half-life, 21 days at 4 °C. The enzyme activity of AcGH30A was enhanced by 10 mM Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions by 25 % and 21 %, respectively, whereas 10 mM Co2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ ions significantly reduced it. AcGH30A showed activity against various xylan polysaccharides displaying highest Vmax, 139 U.mg-1 and KM, 0.71 mg.ml-1 against 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan under optimum conditions. TLC, HPLC and LC-MS analyses of AcGH30A hydrolyzed products from xylan substrates revealed the release of sole product, xylobiose, confirming it as an obligate xylobiohydrolase. AcGH30A being a highly thermostable enzyme can be potentially utlilized in various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumnam Robinson Singh
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Abhijeet Thakur
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- NZYTech - Genes & Enzymes, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício E - R/C, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal; CIISA - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arun Goyal
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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2
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Mu D, Li P, Ma T, Wei D, Montalbán-López M, Ai Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Li X, Li X. Advances in the understanding of the production, modification and applications of xylanases in the food industry. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 179:110473. [PMID: 38917734 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Xylanases have broad applications in the food industry to decompose the complex carbohydrate xylan. This is applicable to enhance juice clarity, improve dough softness, or reduce beer turbidity. It can also be used to produce prebiotics and increase the nutritional value in foodstuff. However, the low yield and poor stability of most natural xylanases hinders their further applications. Therefore, it is imperative to explore higher-quality xylanases to address the potential challenges that appear in the food industry and to comprehensively improve the production, modification, and utilization of xylanases. Xylanases, due to their various sources, exhibit diverse characteristics that affect production and activity. Most fungi are suitable for solid-state fermentation to produce xylanases, but in liquid fermentation, microbial metabolism is more vigorous, resulting in higher yield. Fungi produce higher xylanase activity, but bacterial xylanases perform better than fungal ones under certain extreme conditions (high temperature, extreme pH). Gene and protein engineering technology helps to improve the production efficiency of xylanases and enhances their thermal stability and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Mu
- Anhui Fermented Food Engineering Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Gongda Biotech (Huangshan) Limited Company, Huangshan 245400, China.
| | - Penglong Li
- Anhui Fermented Food Engineering Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tiange Ma
- Anhui Fermented Food Engineering Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dehua Wei
- Anhui Fermented Food Engineering Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Manuel Montalbán-López
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Yaqian Ai
- Anhui Fermented Food Engineering Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Anhui Fermented Food Engineering Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Anhui Yunshang Cultural Tourism Development Group, Anqing 246600, China
| | - Xu Li
- Anhui Wanyue Xinhe Project Management Company Limited, Anqing 246600, China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- Anhui Fermented Food Engineering Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Gongda Biotech (Huangshan) Limited Company, Huangshan 245400, China.
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3
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Mortimer JC, Scheller HV. Evolutionary arms race: the role of xylan modifications in plant-pathogen interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39169592 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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4
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Vacilotto MM, de Araujo Montalvão L, Pellegrini VDOA, Liberato MV, de Araujo EA, Polikarpov I. Two-domain GH30 xylanase from human gut microbiota as a tool for enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides: Crystallographic structure and a synergy with GH11 xylosidase. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122141. [PMID: 38710568 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Production of value-added compounds and sustainable materials from agro-industrial residues is essential for better waste management and building of circular economy. This includes valorization of hemicellulosic fraction of plant biomass, the second most abundant biopolymer from plant cell walls, aiming to produce prebiotic oligosaccharides, widely explored in food and feed industries. In this work, we conducted biochemical and biophysical characterization of a prokaryotic two-domain R. champanellensis xylanase from glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 30 (RcXyn30A), and evaluated its applicability for XOS production from glucuronoxylan in combination with two endo-xylanases from GH10 and GH11 families and a GH11 xylobiohydrolase. RcXyn30A liberates mainly long monoglucuronylated xylooligosaccharides and is inefficient in cleaving unbranched oligosaccharides. Crystallographic structure of RcXyn30A catalytic domain was solved and refined to 1.37 Å resolution. Structural analysis of the catalytic domain releveled that its high affinity for glucuronic acid substituted xylan is due to the coordination of the substrate decoration by several hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions in the subsite -2. Furthermore, the protein has a larger β5-α5 loop as compared to other GH30 xylanases, which might be crucial for creating an additional aglycone subsite (+3) of the catalytic site. Finally, RcXyn30A activity is synergic to that of GH11 xylobiohydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Moreira Vacilotto
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Araujo Montalvão
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Vizona Liberato
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro Ares de Araujo
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10000, 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Pentari C, Kosinas C, Nikolaivits E, Dimarogona M, Topakas E. Structural and molecular insights into a bifunctional glycoside hydrolase 30 xylanase specific to glucuronoxylan. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2067-2078. [PMID: 38678481 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase (GH) 30 family xylanases are enzymes of biotechnological interest due to their capacity to degrade recalcitrant hemicelluloses, such as glucuronoxylan (GX). This study focuses on a subfamily 7 GH30, TtXyn30A from Thermothelomyces thermophilus, which acts on GX in an "endo" and "exo" mode, releasing methyl-glucuronic acid branched xylooligosaccharides (XOs) and xylobiose, respectively. The crystal structure of inactive TtXyn30A in complex with 23-(4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronosyl)-xylotriose (UXX), along with biochemical analyses, corroborate the implication of E233, previously identified as alternative catalytic residue, in the hydrolysis of decorated xylan. At the -1 subsite, the xylose adopts a distorted conformation, indicative of the Michaelis complex of TtXyn30AEE with UXX trapped in the semi-functional active site. The most significant structural rearrangements upon substrate binding are observed at residues W127 and E233. The structures with neutral XOs, representing the "exo" function, clearly show the nonspecific binding at aglycon subsites, contrary to glycon sites, where the xylose molecules are accommodated via multiple interactions. Last, an unproductive ligand binding site is found at the interface between the catalytic and the secondary β-domain which is present in all GH30 enzymes. These findings improve current understanding of the mechanism of bifunctional GH30s, with potential applications in the field of enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pentari
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kosinas
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efstratios Nikolaivits
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimarogona
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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6
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Ramatsui L, Sithole T, Gandla ML, Jönsson LJ, Edkins AL, Malgas S, Pletschke BI. In vitro evaluation of the application of an optimized xylanase cocktail for improved monogastric feed digestibility. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:596-610. [PMID: 38169048 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Xylanases from glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 10 and 11 are common feed additives for broiler chicken diets due to their catalytic activity on the nonstarch polysaccharide xylan. This study investigated the potential of an optimized binary GH10 and GH11 xylanase cocktail to mitigate the antinutritional effects of xylan on the digestibility of locally sourced chicken feed. Immunofluorescence visualization of the activity of the xylanase cocktail on xylan in the yellow corn of the feed showed a substantial collapse in the morphology of cell walls. Secondly, the reduction in the viscosity of the digesta of the feed by the cocktail showed an effective degradation of the soluble fraction of xylan. Analysis of the xylan degradation products from broiler feeds by the xylanase cocktail showed that xylotriose and xylopentaose were the major xylooligosaccharides (XOS) produced. In vitro evaluation of the prebiotic potential of these XOS showed that they improved the growth of the beneficial bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The antibacterial activity of broths from XOS-supplemented probiotic cultures showed a suppressive effect on the growth of the extraintestinal infectious bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. Supplementing the xylanase cocktail in cereal animal feeds attenuated xylan's antinutritional effects by reducing digesta viscosity and releasing entrapped nutrients. Furthermore, the production of prebiotic XOS promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria while inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Based on these effects of the xylanase cocktail on the feed, improved growth performance and better feed conversion can potentially be achieved during poultry rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebogang Ramatsui
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tariro Sithole
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | | | | | - Adrienne L Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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7
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Šuchová K, Fathallah W, Puchart V. Characterization of a novel GH30 non-specific endoxylanase AcXyn30B from Acetivibrio clariflavus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:312. [PMID: 38683242 PMCID: PMC11058611 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The xylanolytic enzymes Clocl_1795 and Clocl_2746 from glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 30 are highly abundant in the hemicellulolytic system of Acetivibrio clariflavus (Hungateiclostridium, Clostridium clariflavum). Clocl_1795 has been shown to be a xylobiohydrolase AcXbh30A releasing xylobiose from the non-reducing end of xylan and xylooligosaccharides. In this work, biochemical characterization of Clocl_2746 is presented. The protein, designated AcXyn30B, shows low sequence similarity to other GH30 members and phylogenetic analysis revealed that AcXyn30B and related proteins form a separate clade that is proposed to be a new subfamily GH30_12. AcXyn30B exhibits similar specific activity on glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, and aryl glycosides of linear xylooligosaccharides suggesting that it is a non-specific xylanase. From polymeric substrates, it releases the fragments of degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-6. Hydrolysis of different xylooligosaccharides indicates that AcXyn30B requires at least four occupied catalytic subsites for effective cleavage. The ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze a wide range of substrates is interesting for biotechnological applications. In addition to subfamilies GH30_7, GH30_8, and GH30_10, the newly proposed subfamily GH30_12 further widens the spectrum of GH30 subfamilies containing xylanolytic enzymes. KEY POINTS: Bacterial GH30 endoxylanase from A. clariflavus (AcXyn30B) has been characterized AcXyn30B is non-specific xylanase hydrolyzing various xylans and xylooligosaccharides Phylogenetic analysis placed AcXyn30B in a new GH30_12 subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šuchová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Walid Fathallah
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 625 11, Egypt
| | - Vladimír Puchart
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
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8
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Yu C, Liang X, Song Y, Ali Q, Yang X, Zhu L, Gu Q, Kuptsov V, Kolomiets E, Wu H, Gao X. A glycoside hydrolase 30 protein BpXynC of Bacillus paralicheniformis NMSW12 recognized as A MAMP triggers plant immunity response. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129750. [PMID: 38286384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus spp. has been widely used as a biocontrol agent to control plant diseases. However, little is known about mechanisms of the protein MAMP secreted by Bacillus spp. Herein, our study reported a glycoside hydrolase family 30 (GH30) protein, BpXynC, produced by the biocontrol bacteria Bacillus paralicheniformis NMSW12, that can induce cell death in several plant species. The results revealed that the recombinant protein triggers cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana in a BAK1-dependent manner and elicits an early defense response, including ROS burst, activation of MAPK cascades, and upregulation of plant immunity marker genes. BpXynC was also found to be a glucuronoxylanase that exhibits hydrolysis activity on xlyan. Two mutants of BpXynC which lost the glucuronoxylanase activity still retained the elicitor activity. The qRT-PCR results of defense-related genes showed that BpXynC induces plant immunity responses via an SA-mediated pathway. BpXynC and its mutants could induce resistance in N. benthamiana against infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Furthermore, BpXynC-treated tomato fruits exhibited strong resistance to the infection of Phytophthora capsica. Overall, our study revealed that GH30 protein BpXynC can induce plant immunity response as MAMP, which can be further applied as a biopesticide to control plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yan Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qurban Ali
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xihao Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Linli Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Vladislav Kuptsov
- State Scientific Production Association "Chemical synthesis and biotechnology", Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Emilia Kolomiets
- State Scientific Production Association "Chemical synthesis and biotechnology", Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Huijun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xuewen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Tang L, Lei X, Ouyang K, Wang L, Qiu Q, Li Y, Zang Y, Liu C, Zhao X. A Glycosyl Hydrolase 30 Family Xylanase from the Rumen Metagenome and Its Effects on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Wheat Straw. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:118. [PMID: 38200851 PMCID: PMC10778502 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenge of wheat straw as a ruminant feed is its low ruminal digestibility. This study investigated the impact of a xylanase called RuXyn, derived from the rumen metagenome of beef cattle, on the in vitro ruminal fermentation of wheat straw. RuXyn encoded 505 amino acids and was categorized within subfamily 8 of the glycosyl hydrolase 30 family. RuXyn was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and displayed its highest level of activity at pH 6.0 and 40 °C. RuXyn primarily hydrolyzed xylan, while it did not show any noticeable activity towards other substrates, including carboxymethylcellulose and Avicel. At concentrations of 5 mM, Mn2+ and dithiothreitol significantly enhanced RuXyn's activity by 73% and 20%, respectively. RuXyn's activity was almost or completely inactivated in the presence of Cu2+, even at low concentrations. The main hydrolysis products of corncob xylan by RuXyn were xylopentose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose. RuXyn hydrolyzed wheat straw and rice straw more effectively than it did other agricultural by-products. A remarkable synergistic effect was observed between RuXyn and a cellulase cocktail on wheat straw hydrolysis. Supplementation with RuXyn increased dry matter digestibility; acetate, propionate, valerate, and total volatile fatty acid yields; NH3-N concentration, and total bacterial number during in vitro fermentation of wheat straw relative to the control. RuXyn's inactivity at 60 °C and 70 °C was remedied by mutating proline 151 to phenylalanine and aspartic acid 204 to leucine, boosting activity to 20.3% and 21.8% of the maximum activity at the respective temperatures. As an exogenous enzyme preparation, RuXyn exhibits considerable potential to improve ruminal digestion and the utilization of wheat straw in ruminants. As far as we know, this is the first study on a GH30 xylanase promoting the ruminal fermentation of agricultural straws. The findings demonstrate that the utilization of RuXyn can significantly enhance the ruminal digestibility of wheat straw by approximately 10 percentage points. This outcome signifies the emergence of a novel and highly efficient enzyme preparation that holds promise for the effective utilization of wheat straw, a by-product of crop production, in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhang Tang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaowen Lei
- Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Kehui Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China;
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yitian Zang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
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10
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Nguyen TTH, Vuong TQ, Han HL, Li Z, Lee YJ, Ko J, Nedashkovskaya OI, Kim SG. Three marine species of the genus Fulvivirga, rich sources of carbohydrate-active enzymes degrading alginate, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6301. [PMID: 37072506 PMCID: PMC10113389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteroidota is a group of marine polysaccharide degraders, which play a crucial role in the carbon cycle in the marine ecosystems. In this study, three novel gliding strains, designated as SS9-22T, W9P-11T, and SW1-E11T, isolated from algae and decaying wood were proposed to represent three novel species of the genus Fulvivirga. We identified a large number of genes encoding for carbohydrate-active enzymes, which potentially participate in polysaccharide degradation, based on whole genome sequencing. The 16S rRNA sequence similarities among them were 94.4-97.2%, and against existing species in the genus Fulvivirga 93.1-99.8%. The complete genomes of strains SS9-22T, W9P-11T, and SW1-E11T comprised one circular chromosome with size of 6.98, 6.52, and 6.39 Mb, respectively; the GC contents were 41.9%, 39.0%, and 38.1%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values with members in the genus Fulvivirga including the isolates were in a range of 68.9-85.4% and 17.1-29.7%, respectively, which are low for the proposal of novel species. Genomic mining in three genomes identified hundreds of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) covering up to 93 CAZyme families and 58-70 CAZyme gene clusters, exceeding the numbers of genes present in the other species of the genus Fulvivirga. Polysaccharides of alginate, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan were degraded in vitro, highlighting that the three strains are rich sources of CAZymes of polysaccharide degraders for biotechnological applications. The phenotypic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics supported the proposal of three novel species in the genus Fulvivirga, for which the names Fulvivirga ulvae sp. nov. (SS9-22T = KCTC 82072T = GDMCC 1.2804T), Fulvivirga ligni sp. nov. (W9P-11T = KCTC 72992T = GDMCC 1.2803T), and Fulvivirga maritima sp. nov. (SW1-E11T = KCTC 72832T = GDMCC 1.2802T) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra T H Nguyen
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Q Vuong
- Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ho Le Han
- The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang St., Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Zhun Li
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Ko
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Olga I Nedashkovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 690022
| | - Song-Gun Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Oelmüller R, Tseng YH, Gandhi A. Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087417. [PMID: 37108585 PMCID: PMC10139151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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12
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Mendonça M, Barroca M, Collins T. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase-containing glycoside hydrolase families: Characteristics, singularities and similarities. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108148. [PMID: 37030552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Endo-1,4-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are O-glycoside hydrolases that cleave the internal β-1,4-D-xylosidic linkages of the complex plant polysaccharide xylan. They are produced by a vast array of organisms where they play critical roles in xylan saccharification and plant cell wall hydrolysis. They are also important industrial biocatalysts with widespread application. A large and ever growing number of xylanases with wildly different properties and functionalites are known and a better understanding of these would enable a more effective use in various applications. The Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes database (CAZy), which classifies evolutionarily related proteins into a glycoside hydrolase family-subfamily organisational scheme has proven powerful in understanding these enzymes. Nevertheless, ambiguity currently exists as to the number of glycoside hydrolase families and subfamilies harbouring catalytic domains with true endoxylanase activity and as to the specific characteristics of each of these families/subfamilies. This review seeks to clarify this, identifying 9 glycoside hydrolase families containing enzymes with endo-1,4-β-xylanase activity and discussing their properties, similarities, differences and biotechnological perspectives. In particular, substrate specificities and hydrolysis patterns and the structural determinants of these are detailed, with taxonomic aspects of source organisms being also presented. Shortcomings in current knowledge and research areas that require further clarification are highlighted and suggestions for future directions provided. This review seeks to motivate further research on these enzymes and especially of the lesser known endo-1,4-β-xylanase containing families. A better understanding of these enzymes will serve as a foundation for the knowledge-based development of process-fitted endo-1,4-β-xylanases and will accelerate their development for use with even the most recalcitrant of substrates in the biobased industries of the future.
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13
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Li Z, Qing Y, Cui G, Li M, Liu T, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Hu X, Jiang J, Wang D, Gao Y, Zhang J, Cai C, Wang T, Wan C. Shotgun metagenomics reveals abnormal short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and glucose and lipid metabolism of the gut microbiota in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:59-66. [PMID: 36965360 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that the gut microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, but temporal changes in the gut microbiota of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) during treatment remain unclear. Here, to evaluate temporal changes in the gut microbiota in schizophrenia, we performed whole-genome shotgun metagenomics on fecal samples from 36 healthy controls (HCs) and 19 baseline-period patients, and followed up with patients upon treatment. Compared to that in HCs, beta diversity in SZ was significantly distinct. The genera Bacteroides, Prevotella and Clostridium were the top 3 altered genera between SZ and HCs, and the Bacteroides-Prevotella ratio was significantly increased in SZ. Thirty-three percent of differentially abundant species were short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Functional analysis showed that glucose and lipid metabolism of the gut microbiota was decreased in SZ compared with those in HCs. The abundances of two rate-limiting enzymes in glucose and lipid metabolism, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), were significantly decreased in SZ, and differentially abundant metabolism-related enzymes were significantly associated with SCFA-producing bacteria. Next, we found that the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria also changed after treatment and that Clostridium was significantly negatively correlated with the total positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) score in patients. Functional analysis showed that glycoside hydrolase family 30 incrementally increased in abundance during treatment and were significantly associated with SCFA-producing bacteria. Our findings help to provide evidence for the role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoping Cui
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqun Cai
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Liu J, Zhu J, Xu Q, Shi R, Liu C, Sun D, Liu W. Functional identification of two novel carbohydrate-binding modules of glucuronoxylanase CrXyl30 and their contribution to the lignocellulose saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 36890582 PMCID: PMC9996879 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 30 xylanases are a distinct group of xylanases, most of which have a highly specific catalytic activity for glucuronoxylan. Since GH30 xylanases do not normally carry carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), our knowledge of the function of their CBMs is lacking. RESULTS In this work, the CBM functions of CrXyl30 were investigated. CrXyl30 was a GH30 glucuronoxylanase containing tandem CBM13 (CrCBM13) and CBM2 (CrCBM2) at its C terminus, which was identified in a lignocellulolytic bacterial consortium previously. Both CBMs could bind insoluble and soluble xylan, with CrCBM13 having binding specificity for the xylan with L-arabinosyl substitutions, whereas CrCBM2 targeted L-arabinosyl side chains themselves. Such binding abilities of these two CBMs were completely different from other CBMs in their respective families. Phylogenetic analysis also suggested that both CrCBM13 and CrCBM2 belong to novel branches. Inspection of the simulated structure of CrCBM13 identified a pocket that just accommodates the side chain of 3(2)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose, which forms hydrogen bonds with three of the five amino acid residues involved in ligand interaction. The truncation of either CrCBM13 or CrCBM2 did not alter the substrate specificity and optimal reaction conditions of CrXyl30, whereas truncation of CrCBM2 decreased the kcat/Km value by 83% (± 0%). Moreover, the absence of CrCBM2 and CrCBM13 resulted in a 5% (± 1%) and a 7% (± 0%) decrease, respectively, in the amount of reducing sugar released by the synergistic hydrolysis of delignified corncob whose hemicellulose is arabinoglucuronoxylan, respectively. In addition, fusion of CrCBM2 with a GH10 xylanase enhanced its catalytic activity against the branched xylan and improved the synergistic hydrolysis efficiency by more than fivefold when delignified corncob was used as substrate. Such a strong stimulation of hydrolysis resulted from the enhancement of hemicellulose hydrolysis on the one hand, and the cellulose hydrolysis is also improved according to the lignocellulose conversion rate measured by HPLC. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the functions of two novel CBMs in CrXyl30 and shows the good potential of such CBMs specific for branched ligands in the development of efficient enzyme preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingrong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Di Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weijie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Zadorozhny AV, Ushakov VS, Rozanov AS, Bogacheva NV, Shlyakhtun VN, Voskoboev ME, Korzhuk AV, Romancev VA, Bannikova SV, Mescheryakova IA, Antonov EV, Vasilieva AR, Pavlova EI, Chesnokov DO, Shedko ED, Bryanskaya AV, Bochkov DV, Goryachkovskaya TN, Peltek SE. Heterologous Expression of Xylanase xAor from Aspergillus oryzae in Komagataella phaffii T07. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8741. [PMID: 35955874 PMCID: PMC9369408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) hydrolyze the hemicellulose of plant cell walls. Xylanases are used in the food and paper industries and for bioconversion of lignocellulose to biofuel. In this work, the producer-strain with four copies of the xAor xylanase gene was organized in two tandem copies for optimal expression in Komagataella phaffii T07 yeast. The secreted 35 kDa xylanase was purified from culture medium by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose 6HF. Tryptic peptides of the recombinant enzyme were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry where the amino acid sequence corresponded to Protein Accession # O94163 for Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40. The recombinant xylanase was produced in a bioreactor where the secreted enzyme hydrolyzed oat xylane with an activity of 258240 IU/mL. High activity in the culture medium suggested xylanase could be used for industrial applications without being purified or concentrated. The pH optimum for xylanase xAor was 7.5, though the enzyme was active from pH 2.5 to pH 10. Xylanase was active at temperatures from 35 °C to 85 °C with a maximum at 60 °C. In conclusion, this protocol yields soluble, secreted xylanase suitable for industrial scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Valentinovich Zadorozhny
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor Sergeevich Ushakov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexei Sergeevich Rozanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Vladimirovna Bogacheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Anton Vladimirovich Korzhuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Irina Anatolyevna Mescheryakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Egor Vladimirovich Antonov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Asya Rifhatovna Vasilieva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Iurevna Pavlova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil Olegovich Chesnokov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Dmitrievna Shedko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla Viktorovna Bryanskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana Nikolayevna Goryachkovskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Evgenyevich Peltek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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16
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St John FJ, Crooks C, Kim Y, Tan K, Joachimiak A. The first crystal structure of a xylobiose-bound xylobiohydrolase with high functional specificity from the bacterial glycoside hydrolase 30 subfamily 10. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2449-2464. [PMID: 35876256 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Xylobiose is a prebiotic sugar that has applications in functional foods. This report describes the first X-ray crystallographic structure models of apo and xylobiose bound forms of a xylobiohydrolase (XBH) from Acetivibrio clariflavus. This xylan active enzyme, a member of the recently described glycoside hydrolase family 30 (GH30) subfamily 10 phylogenetic clade has been shown to strictly release xylobiose as its primary hydrolysis product. Inspection of the apo-structure reveals a glycone region X2 binding slot. When X2 binds, the nonreducing xylose in the -2 subsite is highly coordinated with numerous hydrogen bond contacts while contacts in the -1 subsite mostly reflect interactions typical for GH30 and enzymes in clan A of the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy). This structure provides an explanation for the high functional specificity of this new bacterial GH30 XBH subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz J St John
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Casey Crooks
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Youngchang Kim
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Il, 60439, USA
| | - Kemin Tan
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Il, 60439, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Il, 60439, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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17
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Streimikyte P, Viskelis P, Viskelis J. Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2359. [PMID: 35216475 PMCID: PMC8876524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers' demands while searching for 'clean label' food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes' ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes' incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Streimikyte
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
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18
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Nhim S, Waeonukul R, Uke A, Baramee S, Ratanakhanokchai K, Tachaapaikoon C, Pason P, Liu YJ, Kosugi A. Biological cellulose saccharification using a coculture of Clostridium thermocellum and Thermobrachium celere strain A9. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2133-2145. [PMID: 35157106 PMCID: PMC8930880 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract An anaerobic thermophilic bacterial strain, A9 (NITE P-03545), that secretes β-glucosidase was newly isolated from wastewater sediments by screening using esculin. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain A9 had 100% identity with that of Thermobrachium celere type strain JW/YL-NZ35. The complete genome sequence of strain A9 showed 98.4% average nucleotide identity with strain JW/YL-NZ35. However, strain A9 had different physiological properties from strain JW/YL-NZ35, which cannot secrete β-glucosidases or grow on cellobiose as the sole carbon source. The key β-glucosidase gene (TcBG1) of strain A9, which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1, was characterized. Recombinant β-glucosidase (rTcBG1) hydrolyzed cellooligosaccharides to glucose effectively. Furthermore, rTcBG1 showed high thermostability (at 60°C for 2 days) and high glucose tolerance (IC50 = 0.75 M glucose), suggesting that rTcBG1 could be used for biological cellulose saccharification in cocultures with Clostridium thermocellum. High cellulose degradation was observed when strain A9 was cocultured with C. thermocellum in a medium containing 50 g/l crystalline cellulose, and glucose accumulation in the culture supernatant reached 35.2 g/l. In contrast, neither a monoculture of C. thermocellum nor coculture of C. thermocellum with strain JW/YL-NZ35 realized efficient cellulose degradation or high glucose accumulation. These results show that the β-glucosidase secreted by strain A9 degrades cellulose effectively in combination with C. thermocellum cellulosomes and has the potential to be used in a new biological cellulose saccharification process that does not require supplementation with β-glucosidases. Key points • Strain A9 can secrete a thermostable β-glucosidase that has high glucose tolerance • A coculture of strain A9 and C. thermocellum showed high cellulose degradation • Strain A9 achieves biological saccharification without addition of β-glucosidase Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11818-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyneang Nhim
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Ayaka Uke
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Sirilak Baramee
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 10150, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan.
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19
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Yeast GH30 Xylanase from Sugiyamaella lignohabitans Is a Glucuronoxylanase with Auxiliary Xylobiohydrolase Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030751. [PMID: 35164030 PMCID: PMC8840591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are the enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of the main hemicellulose present in plant cell walls. They have attracted attention due to their biotechnological potential for the preparation of industrially interesting products from lignocellulose. While many xylanases have been characterized from bacteria and filamentous fungi, information on yeast xylanases is scarce and no yeast xylanase belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 30 has been described so far. Here, we cloned, expressed and characterized GH30 xylanase SlXyn30A from the yeast Sugiyamaella lignohabitans. The enzyme is active on glucuronoxylan (8.4 U/mg) and rhodymenan (linear β-1,4-1,3-xylan) (3.1 U/mg) while its activity on arabinoxylan is very low (0.03 U/mg). From glucuronoxylan SlXyn30A releases a series of acidic xylooligosaccharides of general formula MeGlcA2Xyln. These products, which are typical for GH30-specific glucuronoxylanases, are subsequently shortened at the non-reducing end, from which xylobiose moieties are liberated. Xylobiohydrolase activity was also observed during the hydrolysis of various xylooligosaccharides. SlXyn30A thus expands the group of glucuronoxylanases/xylobiohydrolases which has been hitherto represented only by several fungal GH30-7 members.
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20
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Nikolaivits E, Pentari C, Kosinas C, Feiler CG, Spiliopoulou M, Weiss MS, Dimarogona M, Topakas E. Unique features of the bifunctional GH30 from Thermothelomyces thermophila revealed by structural and mutational studies. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118553. [PMID: 34560965 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungal xylanases belonging to family GH30_7, initially categorized as endo-glucuronoxylanases, are now known to differ both in terms of substrate specificity, as well as mode of action. Recently, TtXyn30A, a GH30_7 xylanase from Thermothelomyces thermophila, was shown to possess dual activity, acting on the xylan backbone in both an endo- and an exo- manner. Here, in an effort to identify the structural characteristics that append these functional properties to the enzyme, we present the biochemical characterization of various TtXyn30A mutants as well as its crystal structure, alone, and in complex with the reaction product. An auxiliary catalytic amino acid has been identified, while it is also shown that glucuronic acid recognition is not mediated by a conserved arginine residue, as shown by previously determined GH30 structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Nikolaivits
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Pentari
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kosinas
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christian G Feiler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Macromolecular Crystallography (HZB-MX), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manfred S Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Macromolecular Crystallography (HZB-MX), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Dimarogona
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Zerva A, Pentari C, Ferousi C, Nikolaivits E, Karnaouri A, Topakas E. Recent advances on key enzymatic activities for the utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126058. [PMID: 34597805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The field of enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose is actively growing and the recent updates of the last few years indicate that there is still much to learn. The growing number of protein sequences with unknown function in microbial genomes indicates that there is still much to learn on the mechanisms of lignocellulose degradation. In this review, a summary of the progress in the field is presented, including recent discoveries on the nature of the structural polysaccharides, new technologies for the discovery and functional annotation of gene sequences including omics technologies, and the novel lignocellulose-acting enzymes described. Novel enzymatic activities and enzyme families as well as accessory enzymes and their synergistic relationships regarding biomass breakdown are described. Moreover, it is shown that all the valuable knowledge of the enzymatic decomposition of plant biomass polymers can be employed towards the decomposition and upgrading of synthetic polymers, such as plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zerva
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Pentari
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Ferousi
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Nikolaivits
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Karnaouri
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
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22
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Crooks C, Bechle NJ, St John FJ. A New Subfamily of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 30 with Strict Xylobiohydrolase Function. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:714238. [PMID: 34557520 PMCID: PMC8453022 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.714238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Acetivibrio clariflavus (basonym: Clostridium clariflavum) glycoside hydrolase family 30 cellulosomal protein encoded by the Clocl_1795 gene was highly represented during growth on cellulosic substrates. In this report, the recombinantly expressed protein has been characterized and shown to be a non-reducing terminal (NRT)-specific xylobiohydrolase (AcXbh30A). Biochemical function, optimal biophysical parameters, and phylogeny were investigated. The findings indicate that AcXbh30A strictly cleaves xylobiose from the NRT up until an α-1,2-linked glucuronic acid (GA)-decorated xylose if the number of xyloses is even or otherwise a single xylose will remain resulting in a penultimate GA-substituted xylose. Unlike recently reported xylobiohydrolases, AcXbh30A has no other detectable hydrolysis products under our optimized reaction conditions. Sequence analysis indicates that AcXbh30A represents a new GH30 subfamily. This new xylobiohydrolase may be useful for commercial production of industrial quantities of xylobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Crooks
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nathan J Bechle
- Engineering Mechanics and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Franz J St John
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, United States
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23
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Recent advances in the enzymatic production and applications of xylooligosaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:169. [PMID: 34487266 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The majority of lignocellulosic biomass on the planet originates from plant cell walls, which are complex structures build up mainly by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The largest part of hemicellulose, xylan, is a polymer with a β-(1→4)-linked xylose residues backbone decorated with α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acids and/or L-arabinofuranose residues. Xylan is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, which can be sustainably and efficiently degraded into decorated and undecorated xylooligosaccharides (XOS) using combinations of thermochemical pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolyses, that have broad applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Endo-xylanases from different complex carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families can be used to cleave the backbone of arabino(glucurono)xylans and xylooligosaccharides and degrade them into short XOS. It has been shown that XOS with a low degree of polymerization have enhanced prebiotic effects conferring health benefits to humans and animals. In this review we describe recent advances in the enzymatic production of XOS from lignocellulosic biomass arabino- and glucuronoxylans and their applications as food and feed additives and health-promoting ingredients. Comparative advantages of xylanases from different CAZy families in XOS production are discussed and potential health benefits of different XOS are presented.
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24
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Special Issue: "Peter Biely, A Pioneering Researcher in the Enzymology of Plant Biomass Degradation". Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164857. [PMID: 34443444 PMCID: PMC8401403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Non-Specific GH30_7 Endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154614. [PMID: 34361767 PMCID: PMC8347862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the catalytic properties of a GH30_7 xylanase produced by the fungus Talaromyces leycettanus. The enzyme is an ando-β-1,4-xylanase, showing similar specific activity towards glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, and rhodymenan (linear β-1,3-β-1,4-xylan). The heteroxylans are hydrolyzed to a mixture of linear as well as branched β-1,4-xylooligosaccharides that are shorter than the products generated by GH10 and GH11 xylanases. In the rhodymenan hydrolyzate, the linear β-1,4-xylooligosaccharides are accompanied with a series of mixed linkage homologues. Initial hydrolysis of glucuronoxylan resembles the action of other GH30_7 and GH30_8 glucuronoxylanases, resulting in a series of aldouronic acids of a general formula MeGlcA2Xyln. Due to the significant non-specific endoxylanase activity of the enzyme, these acidic products are further attacked in the unbranched regions, finally yielding MeGlcA2Xyl2-3. The accommodation of a substituted xylosyl residue in the −2 subsite also applies in arabinoxylan depolymerization. Moreover, the xylose residue may be arabinosylated at both positions 2 and 3, without negatively affecting the main chain cleavage. The catalytic properties of the enzyme, particularly the great tolerance of the side-chain substituents, make the enzyme attractive for biotechnological applications. The enzyme is also another example of extraordinarily great catalytic diversity among eukaryotic GH30_7 xylanases.
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26
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Šuchová K, Puchart V, Spodsberg N, Mørkeberg Krogh KBR, Biely P. Catalytic Diversity of GH30 Xylanases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154528. [PMID: 34361682 PMCID: PMC8347883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic properties of GH30 xylanases belonging to subfamilies 7 and 8 were compared on glucuronoxylan, modified glucuronoxylans, arabinoxylan, rhodymenan, and xylotetraose. Most of the tested bacterial GH30-8 enzymes are specific glucuronoxylanases (EC 3.2.1.136) requiring for action the presence of free carboxyl group of MeGlcA side residues. These enzymes were not active on arabinoxylan, rhodymenan and xylotetraose, and conversion of MeGlcA to its methyl ester or its reduction to MeGlc led to a remarkable drop in their specific activity. However, some GH30-8 members are nonspecific xylanases effectively hydrolyzing all tested substrates. In terms of catalytic activities, the GH30-7 subfamily is much more diverse. In addition to specific glucuronoxylanases, the GH30-7 subfamily contains nonspecific endoxylanases and predominantly exo-acting enzymes. The activity of GH30-7 specific glucuronoxylanases also depend on the presence of the MeGlcA carboxyl, but not so strictly as in bacterial enzymes. The modification of the carboxyl group of glucuronoxylan had only weak effect on the action of predominantly exo-acting enzymes, as well as nonspecific xylanases. Rhodymenan and xylotetraose were the best substrates for exo-acting enzymes, while arabinoxylan represented hardly degradable substrate for almost all tested GH30-7 enzymes. The results expand current knowledge on the catalytic properties of this relatively novel group of xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šuchová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.P.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-25-941-0229
| | - Vladimír Puchart
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Nikolaj Spodsberg
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark; (N.S.); (K.B.R.M.K.)
| | | | - Peter Biely
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.P.); (P.B.)
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