1
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Behera S, Mohapatra S, Behera BC, Thatoi H. Recent updates on green synthesis of lignin nanoparticle and its potential applications in modern biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:774-794. [PMID: 37455422 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2229512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex of organic polymers that are abundantly present in the plant cell wall which considered of emerging substrates for various kinds of value-added industrial products. Lignin has potential use for the production of green nanomaterials, which exhibit improved or different properties corresponding to their parent polymers. Nano lignin has received significant interest in recent years due to its applications in numerous fields. Lignin, the abundant and limited functionality has challenges for its potential uses. Creating advanced functional lignin-derived material like lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) which significantly alter the biological process has great potential for its applications. In the fields of biotechnology, several lignin extraction processes from various raw materials and diverse synthesis techniques, including acid precipitation, dialysis, solvent shifting/solvent exchange, antisolvent precipitation, homogenization, water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion, ultra-sonication, interfacial crosslinking, polymerization, and biological pathway can be employed to produce LNPs. The scientific community has recently become more concerned about the transformation of lignin to lignin nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanofilms. Recent research has shown that lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are: non-toxic at adequate amounts (both in vitro and in vivo), are economical, and can be biodegradable by bacteria and fungi. In promising studies, LNPs have been investigated for their potential applications in gene delivery systems, drug carriers, biocatalysts, tissue engineering, heavy metal absorbers, encapsulation of molecules, supercapacitors, hybrid nanocomposites, and other applications. This current review addresses the recent advances in the synthesis of LNPs, their advanced application in different areas, future perspectives, and challenges associated with lignin-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, India
| | - Sonali Mohapatra
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Enzyme Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bikash Chandra Behera
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, India
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2
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Pajer N, Gigli M, Crestini C. The Laccase Catalysed Tandem Lignin Depolymerisation/Polymerisation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301646. [PMID: 38470000 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The development of strategies allowing either the production of high value phenolics, or the isolation of properties-enhanced materials from technical lignins represents a fundamental step in the industrial upcycling of technical lignins. Both aims are met by the strategy presented in the present work, relying on the coupling of solvent-based fractionation with the oxidative action of a new type of alkaline-stable genetically modified bacterial laccase. The described approach succeeded in the tandem, high-yield and selective isolation of valuable lignin-monomeric compounds (MCs) and high molecular weight and hydrophobicity-tailored polymerised materials (PMs) from two technical lignins, namely softwood kraft lignin (SKL), and wheat straw organosolv lignin (WSL). With respect to MCs, higher yields as compared to similar studies (up to 17.2 mg/g) were achieved. PMs from SKL samples where characterised by an almost quadrupled Mw, while in the case of WSL the Mw was approximately doubled. Noteworthy, the reaction conditions were optimized in terms of reaction temperature, time, enzymatic loading, and alkalinity for the selective production of single MCs. Most interestingly, technical lignins as well as their fractions and the PMs deriving from their laccase-catalysed oxidation showed increased hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Pajer
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, Italy, 30135
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, Italy, 30135
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, Italy, 30135
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3
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Khadem E, Ghafarzadeh M, Kharaziha M, Sun F, Zhang X. Lignin derivatives-based hydrogels for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129877. [PMID: 38307436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on renewable polymers derived from different natural sources, exploring their suitability for diverse biomedical applications. Lignin as one of the main components of lignocellulosic has garnered significant attention as a promising alternative to petroleum-based polymers. This interest is primarily due to its cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, eco-friendly nature, as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. These characteristics could be more beneficial when incorporating lignin into the formulation of value-added products. Although lignin has a chemical structure that is suitable for various applications, these characteristics require modifications to guarantee that the resultant materials display the desired biological, chemical, and physical properties when applied in the creation of biodegradable hydrogels, particularly for biomedical purposes. This study delineates the recent modification approaches that have been employed in the creation of lignin-based hydrogels. These strategies encompass both chemical and physical interactions with other polymers. Additionally, this review encompasses an examination of the current applications of lignin hydrogels, spanning their use as scaffolds for tissue engineering, carriers for pharmaceuticals, materials for wound dressings and biosensors, and elements in flexible and wearable electronics. Finally, we delve into the challenges and constraints associated with these materials, discuss the necessary steps required to attain the appropriate properties for the development of innovative lignin-based hydrogels, and derive conclusions based on the presented findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Khadem
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghafarzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Abraham B, Syamnath VL, Arun KB, Fathima Zahra PM, Anjusha P, Kothakotta A, Chen YH, Ponnusamy VK, Nisha P. Lignin-based nanomaterials for food and pharmaceutical applications: Recent trends and future outlook. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163316. [PMID: 37028661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Small particles of size ranging from 1 to 100 nm are referred to as nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have tremendous applications in various sectors, including the areas of food and pharmaceutics. They are being prepared from multiple natural sources widely. Lignin is one such source that deserves special mention due to its ecological compatibility, accessibility, abundance, and low cost. This amorphous heterogeneous phenolic polymer is the second most abundant molecule in nature after cellulose. Apart from being used as a biofuel source, lignin is less explored for its potential at a nano-level. In plants, lignin exhibits cross-linking structures with cellulose and hemicellulose. Numerous advancements have taken place in synthesizing nanolignins for manufacturing lignin-based materials to benefit from the untapped potential of lignin in high-value-added applications. Lignin and lignin-based nanoparticles have numerous applications, but in this review, we are mainly focusing on the applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. The exercise we undertake has great relevance as it helps scientists and industries gain valuable insights into lignin's capabilities and exploit its physical and chemical properties to facilitate the development of future lignin-based materials. We have summarized the available lignin resources and their potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries at various levels. This review attempts to understand various methods adopted for the preparation of nanolignin. Furthermore, the unique properties of nano-lignin-based materials and their applications in fields including the packaging industry, emulsions, nutrient delivery, drug delivery hydrogels, tissue engineering, and biomedical applications were well-discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billu Abraham
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - V L Syamnath
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - K B Arun
- Department of Life Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 29, India
| | - P M Fathima Zahra
- College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, India
| | - P Anjusha
- College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, India
| | - Anjhinaeyulu Kothakotta
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan.
| | - P Nisha
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Trivandrum 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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5
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Österberg M, Henn KA, Farooq M, Valle-Delgado JJ. Biobased Nanomaterials─The Role of Interfacial Interactions for Advanced Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2200-2241. [PMID: 36720130 PMCID: PMC9999428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances regarding biomass-based nanomaterials, focusing on their surface interactions. Plant biomass-based nanoparticles, like nanocellulose and lignin from industry side streams, hold great potential for the development of lightweight, functional, biodegradable, or recyclable material solutions for a sustainable circular bioeconomy. However, to obtain optimal properties of the nanoparticles and materials made thereof, it is crucial to control the interactions both during particle production and in applications. Herein we focus on the current understanding of these interactions. Solvent interactions during particle formation and production, as well as interactions with water, polymers, cells and other components in applications, are addressed. We concentrate on cellulose and lignin nanomaterials and their combination. We demonstrate how the surface chemistry of the nanomaterials affects these interactions and how excellent performance is only achieved when the interactions are controlled. We furthermore introduce suitable methods for probing interactions with nanomaterials, describe their advantages and challenges, and introduce some less commonly used methods and discuss their possible applications to gain a deeper understanding of the interfacial chemistry of biobased nanomaterials. Finally, some gaps in current understanding and interesting emerging research lines are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - K Alexander Henn
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
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6
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Moreira WM, Moreira PVV, Dos Santos DF, Gimenes ML, Vieira MGA. Nanogreen is the new future: the conversion of lignin and lignocellulosic wastes into nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:19564-19591. [PMID: 36645595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lignocellulose biorefinery industry has assumed an important role within the current scenario. Lignin is an abundant and available biopolymer and one of the compounds present in the lignocellulosic waste. Therefore, processing lignin into new materials and nanomaterials, such as nanolignin, has attracted the attention of the scientific community. Lignin nanoparticles are materials that have excellent properties, such as biodegradability and non-toxicity, and have great potential as chelating agents, antimicrobials agents, UV protectors, nanofillers, adsorbents, catalysts, supercapacitors, emulsion stabilizers, delivered systems, drugs, and gene carriers. This review article covers the emergent scenario of nanolignin and the main aspects of scientific interest, such as the conversion and functionalization of lignin, the valorization of lignocellulose waste, and nanoparticle synthesis. A techno-economic evaluation of the biorefinery model of the nanolignin synthesis is presented based on the simulation of the process on the experimental and commercial databases available and reported by some authors. Finally, the techno-economic assessment is complemented by the life cycle assessment of various nanolignin synthesis pathways reported to evaluate the environmental implications and support this emergent technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wardleison Martins Moreira
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 50013083-852, Brazil.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PEQ, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 579087020-900, Brazil.
| | - Paula Valéria Viotti Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PEQ, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 579087020-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Federici Dos Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PEQ, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 579087020-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelino Luiz Gimenes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PEQ, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 579087020-900, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 50013083-852, Brazil
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7
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Mili M, Hashmi SAR, Tilwari A, Rathore SKS, Naik A, Srivastava AK, Verma S. Preparation of nanolignin rich fraction from bamboo stem via green technology: assessment of its antioxidant, antibacterial and UV blocking properties. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:416-430. [PMID: 34433389 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1973574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the preparation of nano lignin-rich fraction material via green technology from the holistic use of lignocellulosic biomass bamboo. The bamboo is first chemically treated, followed by acid precipitation to extract bamboo-derived macro lignin-rich fraction material. The nano lignin-rich fraction material was then prepared via ultrasonication technique from the extracted bamboo-derived macro lignin-rich fraction material. The confirmation of the distinct lignin functional groups in the extracted lignin-rich fractions has been done by FTIR. Surface morphology by FESEM and TEM revealed spherical nano-lignin-rich fraction materials from extracted bamboo-derived macro lignin-rich fraction materials. DPPH assays indicated that both the obtained fractions depict beneficial antioxidant characteristics. They were found to be effective in terms of their antibacterial activity against both gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli), using the disc diffusion method. These fractions have UV blocking property, and nano-lignin-rich fraction material acts as a more potential UV blocking agent than others. Thus, the nano-lignin-rich fraction material has great potential as a high antioxidant, antibacterial, and UV blocking agent useful in biomedical applications.Highlights Extraction of macro-lignin rich fraction material using chemical treatment of lignocellulosic biomass bamboo via refluxing followed by acid precipitation.Preparation of nano-lignin rich fraction material from extracted bamboo-derived macro-lignin rich fraction material via ultrasonication technique as a green technology.Structural and surface morphology of the extracted macro-lignin & nano lignin-rich fraction materials have been analyzed by XRD, FTIR, EDX, SEM and TEM.The macro lignin & nano lignin-rich fraction materials showed good antioxidant, antibacterial activity and UV-blocking properties, but the nano-lignin rich fraction material exhibited more efficient properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Mili
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - S A R Hashmi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Anita Tilwari
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, MP Council of Science and Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - S K S Rathore
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Ajay Naik
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - A K Srivastava
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Sarika Verma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
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8
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Liu K, Zhuang Y, Chen J, Yang G, Dai L. Research Progress on the Preparation and High-Value Utilization of Lignin Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137254. [PMID: 35806259 PMCID: PMC9266533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles, the innovative achievements in the development and utilization of lignin, combine the structural characteristics of nanomaterials and lignin molecules and have a wide range of applications. In this review, we summarize the methods for preparing lignin nanoparticles by solvent exchange method, mechanical method, biological enzymatic method, interface polymerization/crosslinking method, and spray freezing method, and emphatically introduce the application prospects of lignin nanoparticles in ultraviolet protection, antibacterial, nano-filler, drug delivery, and adsorption, aiming to provide a certain reference direction for additional high-value applications of lignin nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yuntang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Lin Dai
- College of Light Industry and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (L.D.)
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9
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Prochukhan N, O'Brien SA, Davó-Quiñonero A, Trubetskaya A, Cotter E, Selkirk A, Senthamaraikannan R, Ruether M, McCloskey D, Morris MA. Room Temperature Fabrication of Macroporous Lignin Membranes for the Scalable Production of Black Silicon. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2512-2521. [PMID: 35506692 PMCID: PMC9198978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Rising global demand
for biodegradable materials and green sources
of energy has brought attention to lignin. Herein, we report a method
for manufacturing standalone lignin membranes without additives for
the first time to date. We demonstrate a scalable method for macroporous
(∼100 to 200 nm pores) lignin membrane production using four
different organosolv lignin materials under a humid environment (>50%
relative humidity) at ambient temperatures (∼20 °C). A
range of different thicknesses is reported with densely porous films
observed to form if the membrane thickness is below 100 nm. The fabricated
membranes were readily used as a template for Ni2+ incorporation
to produce a nickel oxide membrane after UV/ozone treatment. The resultant
mask was etched via an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etch
process, forming a silicon membrane and as a result yielding black
silicon (BSi) with a pore depth of >1 μm after 3 min with
reflectance
<3% in the visible light region. We anticipate that our lignin
membrane methodology can be readily applied to various processes ranging
from catalysis to sensing and adapted to large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Prochukhan
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,BiOrbic, Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen A O'Brien
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Arantxa Davó-Quiñonero
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anna Trubetskaya
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Eoin Cotter
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew Selkirk
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ramsankar Senthamaraikannan
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manuel Ruether
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David McCloskey
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael A Morris
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,BiOrbic, Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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10
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Ghavidel N, Fatehi P. Recent Developments in the Formulation and Use of Polymers and Particles of Plant-based Origin for Emulsion Stabilizations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4850-4877. [PMID: 34424605 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main scope of this Review was the recent progress in the use of plant-based polymers and particles for the stabilization of Pickering and non-Pickering emulsion systems. Due to their availability and promising performance, it was discussed how the source, modification, and formulation of cellulose, starch, protein, and lignin-based polymers and particles would impact their emulsion stabilization. Special attention was given toward the material synthesis in two forms of polymeric surfactants and particles and the corresponding formulated emulsions. Also, the effects of particle size, degree of aggregation, wettability, degree of substitution, and electrical charge in stabilizing oil/water systems and micro- and macro-structures of oil droplets were discussed. The wide range of applications using such plant-based stabilizers in different technologies as well as their challenge and future perspectives were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ghavidel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, P7B5E1 ON, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, P7B5E1 ON, Canada
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11
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Abstract
Lignin is an underutilized sustainable source of aromatic compounds. To valorize the low-value lignin monomers, we proposed an efficient strategy, involving enzymatic conversion from trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acids to generate valued-added canonical and non-canonical aromatic amino acids. Among them, β-amino acids are recognized as building blocks for bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical ingredients due to their attractive antitumor properties. Using computational enzyme design, the (R)-β-selective phenylalanine aminomutase from Taxus chinensis (TchPAM) was successfully mutated to accept β-tyrosine as the substrate, as well as to generate the (R)-β-tyrosine with excellent enantiopurity (ee > 99%) as the unique product from trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid. Moreover, the kinetic parameters were determined for the reaction of four Y424 enzyme variants with the synthesis of different phenylalanine and tyrosine enantiomers. In the ammonia elimination reaction of (R)-β-tyrosine, the variants Y424N and Y424C displayed a two-fold increased catalytic efficiency of the wild type. In this work, a binding pocket in the active site, including Y424, K427, I431, and E455, was examined for its influence on the β-enantioselectivity of this enzyme family. Combining the upstream lignin depolymerization and downstream production, a sustainable value chain based on lignin is enabled. In summary, we report a β-tyrosine synthesis process from a monolignol component, offering a new way for lignin valorization by biocatalyst modification.
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12
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Lizundia E, Sipponen MH, Greca LG, Balakshin M, Tardy BL, Rojas OJ, Puglia D. Multifunctional lignin-based nanocomposites and nanohybrids. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:6698-6760. [PMID: 34671223 PMCID: PMC8452181 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress in lignins valorization and development of high-performance sustainable materials have been achieved in recent years. Reports related to lignin utilization indicate excellent prospects considering green chemistry, chemical engineering, energy, materials and polymer science, physical chemistry, biochemistry, among others. To fully realize such potential, one of the most promising routes involves lignin uses in nanocomposites and nanohybrid assemblies, where synergistic interactions are highly beneficial. This review first discusses the interfacial assembly of lignins with polysaccharides, proteins and other biopolymers, for instance, in the synthesis of nanocomposites. To give a wide perspective, we consider the subject of hybridization with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as uses as precursor of carbon materials and the assembly with other biobased nanoparticles, for instance to form nanohybrids. We provide cues to understand the fundamental aspects related to lignins, their self-assembly and supramolecular organization, all of which are critical in nanocomposites and nanohybrids. We highlight the possibilities of lignin in the fields of flame retardancy, food packaging, plant protection, electroactive materials, energy storage and health sciences. The most recent outcomes are evaluated given the importance of lignin extraction, within established and emerging biorefineries. We consider the benefit of lignin compared to synthetic counterparts. Bridging the gap between fundamental and application-driven research, this account offers critical insights as far as the potential of lignin as one of the frontrunners in the uptake of bioeconomy concepts and its application in value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao 48013 Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures UPV/EHU Science Park 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 16C SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Luiz G Greca
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Mikhail Balakshin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia Strada di Pentima 4 05100 Terni Italy
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13
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Rodrigues JS, Lima V, Araújo LCP, Botaro VR. Lignin Fractionation Methods: Can Lignin Fractions Be Separated in a True Industrial Process? Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica S. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vitor Lima
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Luísa C. P. Araújo
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vagner R. Botaro
- Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Materials, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Science and Technology Center for Sustainability (CCTS), Rod. João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
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14
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Mayr SA, Schwaiger N, Weber HK, Kovač J, Guebitz GM, Nyanhongo GS. Enzyme Catalyzed Copolymerization of Lignosulfonates for Hydrophobic Coatings. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:697310. [PMID: 34336809 PMCID: PMC8317694 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.697310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic polymerization of lignin can generate a variety of value-added products concomitantly replacing fossil-based resources. In line with this approach, a laccase from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL) was used to couple a hydrophobicity enhancing fluorophenol (FP) molecule, namely 4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenol (4,4-F3MPP), as a model substrate onto lignosulfonate (LS). During the coupling reaction changes in fluorescence, phenol content, viscosity and molecular weight (size exclusion chromatography; SEC) were monitored. The effects of enzymatic coupling of FP onto LS on hydrophobicity were investigated by the means of water contact angle (WCA) measurement and determination of swelling capacity. Full polymerization of LS resulting in the production of water-insoluble polymers was achieved at a pH of 7 and 33°C. Incorporation of 2% (w/v) of FP led to an increase in WCA by 59.2% while the swelling capacity showed a decrease by 216.8%. Further, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated successful covalent coupling of the FP molecule onto LS by an emerging peak at 1,320 cm–1 in the FTIR spectrum and the evidence of Fluor in the XPS spectrum. This study shows the ability of laccase to mediate the tailoring of LS properties to produce functional polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Mayr
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | | | | | - Janez Kovač
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Gibson S Nyanhongo
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Tulln, Austria
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15
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Mousavi SN, Nazarnezhad N, Asadpour G, Ramamoorthy SK, Zamani A. Ultrafine Friction Grinding of Lignin for Development of Starch Biocomposite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13122024. [PMID: 34205755 PMCID: PMC8235749 DOI: 10.3390/polym13122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The work demonstrates the utilization of fractionalized lignin from the black liquor of soda pulping for the development of starch-lignin biocomposites. The effect of ultrafine friction grinding on lignin particle size and properties of the biocomposites was investigated. Microscopic analysis and membrane filtration confirmed the reduction of lignin particle sizes down to micro and nanoparticles during the grinding process. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the compatibility between lignin particles and starch in the composites. The composite films were characterized for chemical structure, ultraviolet blocking, mechanical, and thermal properties. Additional grinding steps led to the reduction of large lignin particles and the produced particles were uniform. The formation of 7.7 to 11.3% lignin nanoparticles was confirmed in the two steps of membrane filtration. The highest tensile strain of the biocomposite films were 5.09 MPa, which displays a 40% improvement compared to starch films. Further, thermal stability of the composite films was better than that of starch films. The results from ultraviolet transmission showed that the composite films could act as an ultraviolet barrier in packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Najmeh Mousavi
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 578, Sari 4818168984, Iran; (S.N.M.); (N.N.); (G.A.)
- Swedish Center for Resources Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden;
| | - Noureddin Nazarnezhad
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 578, Sari 4818168984, Iran; (S.N.M.); (N.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Ghasem Asadpour
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box 578, Sari 4818168984, Iran; (S.N.M.); (N.N.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Akram Zamani
- Swedish Center for Resources Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Xu R, Du H, Wang H, Zhang M, Wu M, Liu C, Yu G, Zhang X, Si C, Choi SE, Li B. Valorization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Residues from Corncob into Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils and Lignin Nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:677963. [PMID: 33937224 PMCID: PMC8085415 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.677963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of biomass waste, enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHRs) are conventionally burned or just discarded, resulting in environmental pollution and low economic benefits. In this study, EHRs of corncob residues (CCR) were used to produce high lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) through a facile approach. The LCNFs and LNPs with controllable chemical compositions and properties were produced by tuning the enzymolysis time of CCR and the followed homogenization. The morphology, thermal stability, chemical and crystalline structure, and dispersibility of the resultant LCNFs and LNPs were further comprehensively investigated. This work not only promotes the production of lignocellulose-based nanomaterials but also provides a promising utilization pathway for EHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Sun-Eun Choi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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17
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Tortolini C, Capecchi E, Tasca F, Pofi R, Venneri MA, Saladino R, Antiochia R. Novel Nanoarchitectures Based on Lignin Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Eco-Friendly Biosensing Development. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:718. [PMID: 33809211 PMCID: PMC8001205 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel nanoarchitectures based on lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were designed and realized for electrochemical eco-friendly biosensing development. Two types of lignin nanoparticles were utilized for the modification of a gold bare electrode, namely organosolv (OLNPs) and kraft lignin (KLNPs) nanoparticles, synthetized from a sulfur-free and a sulfur lignin, respectively. The electrochemical behavior of LNP-modified electrodes was studied using two electrochemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Compared to the gold bare electrode, an evident decrease in the faradaic current and increase of the ΔEp were observed in cyclic voltammograms. In addition, larger semicircles were registered in Nyquist plots. These results suggest a strong inhibition effect of the electron transfer reaction by LNPs layer, especially in the case of KLNPs. The modified electrodes, properly assembled with concanavalin A (ConA) and glucose oxidase (GOx), were successively tested as biosensing platforms for glucose, showing a sensitivity of (4.53 ± 0.467) and (13.74 ± 1.84) μA mM-1 cm2 for Au/SAMCys/OLNPs/ConA/GOx and Au/KLNPs/ConA/GOx biosensors, respectively. Finally, different layers of the KNLPs/ConA/GOx-modified Au electrode were tested, and the three-layered Au(KNLPs/ConA/GOx)3 showed the best analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tortolini
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00166 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via s. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Federico Tasca
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Sucursal Matucana, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00166 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00166 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via s. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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18
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Stine JS, Harper BJ, Conner CG, Velev OD, Harper SL. In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Chitosan-Coated Lignin Nanoparticles in Embryonic Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E111. [PMID: 33418857 PMCID: PMC7825063 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth after cellulose. Since lignin breaks down in the environment naturally, lignin nanoparticles may serve as biodegradable carriers of biocidal actives with minimal environmental footprint compared to conventional antimicrobial formulations. Here, a lignin nanoparticle (LNP) coated with chitosan was engineered. Previous studies show both lignin and chitosan to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Another study showed that adding a chitosan coating can improve the adsorption of LNPs to biological samples by electrostatic adherence to oppositely charged surfaces. Our objective was to determine if these engineered particles would elicit toxicological responses, utilizing embryonic zebrafish toxicity assays. Zebrafish were exposed to nanoparticles with an intact chorionic membrane and with the chorion enzymatically removed to allow for direct contact of particles with the developing embryo. Both mortality and sublethal endpoints were analyzed. Mortality rates were significantly greater for chitosan-coated LNPs (Ch-LNPs) compared to plain LNPs and control groups. Significant sublethal endpoints were observed in groups exposed to Ch-LNPs with chorionic membranes intact. Our study indicated that engineered Ch-LNP formulations at high concentrations were more toxic than plain LNPs. Further study is warranted to fully understand the mechanisms of Ch-LNP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S. Stine
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Bryan J. Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Cathryn G. Conner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.G.C.); (O.D.V.)
| | - Orlin D. Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.G.C.); (O.D.V.)
| | - Stacey L. Harper
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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19
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Schneider WDH, Dillon AJP, Camassola M. Lignin nanoparticles enter the scene: A promising versatile green tool for multiple applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 47:107685. [PMID: 33383155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to take advantage of residual lignin from industrial processes are well regarded in the field of green chemistry and biotechnology. Quite recently, researchers transformed lignin into nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanofilms, nanocapsules and nanotubes, attracting increasing attention from the scientific community. Lignin nanoparticles are seen as green way to use high-value renewable resources for application in different fields because recent studies have shown they are non-toxic in reasonable concentrations (both in vitro and in vivo assays), inexpensive (a waste generated in the biorefinery, for example, from the bioethanol platform) and potentially biodegradable (by fungi and bacteria in nature). Promising studies have tested lignin nanoparticles for antioxidants, UV-protectants, heavy metal absorption, antimicrobials, drugs carriers, gene delivery systems, encapsulation of molecules, biocatalysts, supercapacitors, tissue engineering, hybrid nanocomposites, wound dressing, and others. These nanoparticles can be produced from distinct lignin types and by different chemical/physical/biological methods, which will result in varied characteristics for their morphology, shape, size, yield and stability. Therefore, taking into account that the theme "lignin nanoparticles" is a trending topic, this present review is emerging and has the discuss the current status, covering from concepts, the formation mechanism, synthesis methods and applications, to the future perspectives and challenges linked to lignin-based nanomaterials, aiming at the viability and commercialization of this biotechnological product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Daniel Hahn Schneider
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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20
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Duarah P, Haldar D, Purkait MK. Technological advancement in the synthesis and applications of lignin-based nanoparticles derived from agro-industrial waste residues: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1828-1843. [PMID: 32950524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, lignin has drawn a great deal of interest for their potential use as bio-polymers due to the presence of high amount of phenolic compounds, non-polluting feature and cost-competitiveness as compared to synthetic polymers. However, in order to fast-track their development, different attempts are made towards the usage of lignin in nano form since it exhibits some unique properties in nanoscale range. The present review article provides a detail analysis on the recent advancement in the synthesis and applications of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) derived from agro-industrial waste residues. In view of that, an in-depth morphological analysis was reviewed to assess the structural influence on the characteristics of LNPs. Further, application of LNPs is explored in different fields including bio-medical engineering, pharmaceuticals, skin-care products and food industries. Finally, the paper is concluded discussing various challenges associated with the synthesis, modification and development with an aspiration of futuristic developments. The readers of this review article will be highly benefitted after acquiring a comprehensive knowledge on LNPs and its different synthesis processes along with various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prangan Duarah
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Mihir Kumar Purkait
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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21
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Capecchi E, Piccinino D, Tomaino E, Bizzarri BM, Polli F, Antiochia R, Mazzei F, Saladino R. Lignin nanoparticles are renewable and functional platforms for the concanavalin a oriented immobilization of glucose oxidase-peroxidase in cascade bio-sensing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29031-29042. [PMID: 35520043 PMCID: PMC9055843 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) acted as a renewable and efficient platform for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOX) by a layer by layer procedure. The use of concanavalin A as a molecular spacer ensured the correct orientation and distance between the two enzymes as confirmed by Förster resonance energy transfer measurement. Layers with different chemo–physical properties tuned in a different way the activity and kinetic parameters of the enzymatic cascade, with cationic lignin performing as the best polyelectrolyte in the retention of the optimal Con A aggregation state. Electrochemical properties, temperature and pH stability, and reusability of the novel systems have been studied, as well as their capacity to perform as colorimetric biosensors in the detection of glucose using ABTS and dopamine as chromogenic substrates. A boosting effect of LNPs was observed during cyclovoltammetry analysis. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be better than, or comparable to, that previously reported for other HRP–GOX immobilized systems, the best results being again obtained in the presence of a cationic lignin polyelectrolyte. Thus renewable lignin platforms worked as smart and functional devices for the preparation of green biosensors in the detection of glucose. Lignin nanoparticles as functional renewable nanoplatform for the immobilization of cascade process in colorimetric biosensing of β-d-glucose.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Davide Piccinino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tomaino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Bruno Mattia Bizzarri
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Francesca Polli
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome P.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo Italy
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22
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Wong SS, Shu R, Zhang J, Liu H, Yan N. Downstream processing of lignin derived feedstock into end products. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5510-5560. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides critical analysis on various downstream processes to convert lignin derived feedstock into fuels, chemicals and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sie Shing Wong
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Riyang Shu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
| | - Jiaguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Haichao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Ning Yan
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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