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Hazrati S, Mousavi Z, Nicola S. Harvest time optimization for medicinal and aromatic plant secondary metabolites. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108735. [PMID: 38781639 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play a crucial role in shielding plants from pathogens and environmental stressors. These natural products find widespread applications across various industries, including pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and healthcare. However, the quantity and quality of these compounds in plants can be influenced by factors such as genetics, morphology, plant age, and the seasonal and daily variations. The timing of harvest holds particular significance for medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) as their active compounds peak at a specific moment during the plant growth cycle. Determining the optimal harvest time is essential to ensure the plants meet their intended cultivation goal. In this review, we analyzed how developmental and external factors impact the qualitative and quantitative effectiveness of SMs in MAPs. We examined recent studies on the effects of environmental and developmental factors on SMs of MAPs, compiling relevant data for analysis. The results of this review demonstrate how these factors influence the quantity and quality of plant SMs, underscoring the importance of determining the optimal harvest time (known as the balsamic time) to maximize the utilization of these compounds. Our findings offer crucial insights into the factors affecting SMs, serving as a tool for quality control in MAPs production. Moreover, this review can be a valuable resource for researchers, farmers, and industrial users aiming to optimize plant growth and harvest timing for maximum yield. Overall, our review provides valuable information for devising effective strategies to produce high-quality MAPs products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Hazrati
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 53714-161, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 53714-161, Iran
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Horticultural Sciences - Inhortosanitas Lab, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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2
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Schneider E, Tita MD, Guerreiro JL, Duarte AJ, Moreira FTC. Prussian blue nanocubes with peroxidase-like activity for polyphenol detection in commercial beverages. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3663-3674. [PMID: 38804266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study describes an efficient method for the determination of polyphenol content in beverages based on a composite material of graphene oxide decorated with Prussian blue nanocubes (rGO/PBNCs). In this method, rGO/PBNCs act as a nanoenzyme with peroxidase-like catalytic activity and produce a colorimetric product in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). To verify the effectiveness of the method, we used two model standards for antioxidants: gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA). The method validation included a comparison of the performance of a natural enzyme and an artificial one (rGO/PBNCs) and two polyphenols in the analysis of commercial beverage samples. After optimization, a pH of 4, ambient temperature (22 °C), a reaction time of 2 minutes and an rGO/PBNCs concentration of 0.01 μg mL-1 were found to be the most favorable conditions. The detection limits obtained were 5.6 μmol L-1 for GA and 1.5 μmol L-1 for TA. Overall, rGO/PBNCs offer advantages over natural enzymes in terms of stability, versatility, scalability and durability, making them attractive candidates for a wide range of catalytic and sensory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Schneider
- CIETI-LabRISE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta D Tita
- CIETI-LabRISE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana L Guerreiro
- CIETI-LabRISE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Abel J Duarte
- CIETI-LabRISE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Felismina T C Moreira
- CIETI-LabRISE, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Najman K, Rajewski R, Sadowska A, Hallmann E, Buczak K. Changes in the Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Yerba Mate Depending on the Brewing Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:2590. [PMID: 38893465 PMCID: PMC11173391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Yerba Mate drink made from dried and crushed leaves and twigs of Paraguayan holly (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.), which is a valuable source of bioactive substances, in particular antioxidants. The available literature lacks data on changes in the content and profile of bioactive compounds such as tannins, caffeine, the phenolic acid profile of flavonoids and carotenoids, as well as total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in Yerba Mate infusions depending on different brewing conditions, and how different brewing conditions affect the physicochemical properties of these infusions. Therefore, this study evaluated the physicochemical properties of dried and Yerba Mate infusions prepared via single and double brewing processes at 70 °C and 100 °C. The organoleptic evaluation, as well as the instrumental color measurement, showed significant changes in the total color difference (ΔE) and the L*a*b* chromatic coordinates of dried Yerba Mate samples and their infusions. Moreover, the research showed higher contents of tannins (mean 1.36 ± 0.14 g/100 g d.m.), caffeine (mean 17.79 ± 3.49 mg/g d.m.), carotenoids (mean 12.90 ± 0.44 μg/g d.m.), phenolic acids (mean 69.97 ± 7.10 mg/g d.m.), flavonoids (mean 5.47 ± 1.78 mg/g d.m.), total polyphenols (mean 55.26 ± 8.51 mg GAE/g d.m.), and antioxidant activity (mean 2031.98 ± 146.47 μM TEAC/g d.m.) in single-brewed Yerba Mate infusions compared to double-brewed (0.77 ± 0.12 g/100 g d.m., 14.28 ± 5.80 mg/g d.m., 12.67 ± 0.62 μg/g d.m., 57.75 ± 8.73 mg/g d.m., 3.64 ± 0.76 mg/g d.m., 33.44 ± 6.48 mg GAE/g d.m. and 1683.09 ± 155.34 μM TEAC/g d.m., respectively). In addition, infusions prepared at a lower temperature (70 °C) were characterized by a higher content of total polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity, in contrast to the tannin and carotenoid contents, the levels of which were higher at 100 °C than at 70 °C. Considering the high amount of bioactive ingredients, in particular antioxidants, and a wide range of health benefits, it is worth including Yerba Mate in the daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Najman
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Rafał Rajewski
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (A.S.)
- Bioeconomy Research Institute, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Krzysztof Buczak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwadzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
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Alba TM, Tessaro E, Sobottka AM. Seasonal effect on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of young, mature and senescent leaves from Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis (Basellaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e254174. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis is a vine species native to Brazil that is considered an unconventional food plant and a medicinal species whose phenolic compounds exert antioxidant activity. Since the production of metabolites is determined by environmental factors and leaf maturity, it is important to track these changes in order to determine the best time to harvest. This study aimed to verify whether leaf phenology and seasonality cause variations in the amount of phenolic compounds and in the antioxidant activity of this species. The leaves were collected in different seasons between September 2018 and April 2019, and separated according to maturity: young, mature, and senescent. Daily atmospheric temperature and rainfall data were used to characterize the collection period. The total phenolic content (TPC), determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method, was significantly higher in the young leaves collected in winter, a season of lower temperatures. These leaves showed 54.4 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of dry matter (mg GAE 100 g-1DM). Other results averaged 25.6 mg GAE 100 g-1DM. The highest antioxidant activity, assessed via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, regardless of leaf phenology, was observed in leaves harvested in autumn (73.7%) and winter (71.1%), seasons with lower rainfall. Leaves harvested in summer and spring had lower antioxidant action rates (54.3 e 37.5%, respectively). There was no significant correlation between the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Thus, the phenolic composition of A. cordifolia, and consequently its activity on free radicals, varies seasonally in response to temperature and rainfall, and may or may not interact with the age of the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. M. Sobottka
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Brasil; Universidade de Passo Fundo, Brasil
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da Silva NM, Bona E, Cardozo-Filho L, Oliveira Santos O, Heck SC, Beneti SC, Feihrmann AC. Optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds from the leaves of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) through high hydrostatic pressure system using mixture design with process variables. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4122-4130. [PMID: 37712746 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a mixture design with process variables was used to optimize the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from yerba mate leaves through high hydrostatic pressure extraction. The studied variables were pressure (50, 100, and 150 MPa), extraction time (10, 20, and 30 min), and solvent (water, glycerin, and 50% v/v water/50% v/v glycerin). The multiple linear regression model presented an excellent fit (R2 adjusted of 0.9792) and demonstrated the major influence of glycerin content on the water/glycerin mixture solvent for TPC extraction. Optimal process conditions obtained were 69% v/v water, 31% v/v glycerin, 50 MPa pressure, and 10 min time. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The paper describes a novel extraction method to obtain phenolic compounds from yerba mate (compounds that can replace synthesized antioxidants in the food industry) using high hydrostatic pressure and environmentally friendly solvents. The extraction process was studied to optimize its performance, obtaining more phenolic compounds from the same amount of yerba mate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evandro Bona
- Academic Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campo Mourão, Brazil
| | - Lucio Cardozo-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, PEQ - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Oscar Oliveira Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, PPC - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Stênio Cristaldo Heck
- Academic Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campo Mourão, Brazil
| | - Stéphani Caroline Beneti
- Academic Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campo Mourão, Brazil
| | - Andresa Carla Feihrmann
- Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, PEG - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Steger MC, Rigling M, Blumenthal P, Segatz V, Quintanilla-Belucci A, Beisel JM, Rieke-Zapp J, Schwarz S, Lachenmeier DW, Zhang Y. Coffee Leaf Tea from El Salvador: On-Site Production Considering Influences of Processing on Chemical Composition. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172553. [PMID: 36076738 PMCID: PMC9455624 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of coffee leaf tea (Coffea arabica) in El Salvador and the influences of processing steps on non-volatile compounds and volatile aroma-active compounds were investigated. The tea was produced according to the process steps of conventional tea (Camellia sinensis) with the available possibilities on the farm. Influencing factors were the leaf type (old, young, yellow, shoots), processing (blending, cutting, rolling, freezing, steaming), drying (sun drying, oven drying, roasting) and fermentation (wild, yeast, Lactobacillus). Subsequently, the samples were analysed for the maximum levels of caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate permitted by the European Commission. The caffeine content ranged between 0.37–1.33 g/100 g dry mass (DM), the chlorogenic acid was between not detectable and 9.35 g/100 g DM and epigallocatechin gallate could not be detected at all. Furthermore, water content, essential oil, ash content, total polyphenols, total catechins, organic acids, and trigonelline were determined. Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry—olfactometry and calculation of the odour activity values (OAVs) were carried out to determine the main aroma-active compounds, which are β-ionone (honey-like, OAV 132-927), decanal (citrus-like, floral, OAV 14-301), α-ionone (floral, OAV 30-100), (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (cucumber-like, OAV 18-256), 2,4-nonadienal (melon-like, OAV 2-18), octanal (fruity, OAV 7-23), (E)-2 nonenal (citrus-like, OAV 1-11), hexanal (grassy, OAV 1-10), and 4-heptenal (green, OAV 1-9). The data obtained in this study may help to adjust process parameters directly to consumer preferences and allow coffee farmers to earn an extra income from this by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C. Steger
- Department of Flavor Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, Verfügungsgebäude 221, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marina Rigling
- Department of Flavor Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, Verfügungsgebäude 221, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Valerie Segatz
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA), Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Coburg, Friedrich-Streib-Strasse 2, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia M. Beisel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA), Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Rieke-Zapp
- Rubiacea Research and Development GmbH, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steffen Schwarz
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA), Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.W.L.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +49-721-926-5434 (D.W.L.); +49-711-459-24871 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Flavor Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, Verfügungsgebäude 221, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.W.L.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +49-721-926-5434 (D.W.L.); +49-711-459-24871 (Y.Z.)
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Tritsch N, Steger MC, Segatz V, Blumenthal P, Rigling M, Schwarz S, Zhang Y, Franke H, Lachenmeier DW. Risk Assessment of Caffeine and Epigallocatechin Gallate in Coffee Leaf Tea. Foods 2022; 11:263. [PMID: 35159415 PMCID: PMC8834188 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee leaf tea is prepared as an infusion of dried leaves of Coffea spp. in hot water. It is a traditional beverage in some coffee-producing countries and has been authorized in 2020 within the European Union (EU) according to its novel food regulation. This article reviews current knowledge on the safety of coffee leaf tea. From the various ingredients contained in coffee leaves, only two were highlighted as possibly hazardous to human health, namely, caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), with maximum limits implemented in EU legislation, which is why this article focuses on these two substances. While the caffeine content is comparable to that of roasted coffee beans and subject to strong fluctuations in relation to the age of the leaves, climate, coffee species, and variety, a maximum of 1-3 cups per day may be recommended. The EGCG content is typically absent or below the intake of 800 mg/day classified as hepatotoxic by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), so this compound is suggested as toxicologically uncritical. Depending on selection and processing (age of the leaves, drying, fermentation, roasting, etc.), coffee leaf tea may exhibit a wide variety of flavors, and its full potential is currently almost unexplored. As a coffee by-product, it is certainly interesting to increase the income of coffee farmers. Our review has shown that coffee leaf tea is not assumed to exhibit risks for the consumer, apart from the well-known risk of caffeine inherent to all coffee-related beverages. This conclusion is corroborated by the history of its safe use in several countries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Tritsch
- Postgraduate Study of Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (N.T.); (H.F.)
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Marc C. Steger
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.C.S.); (P.B.); (S.S.)
- Department of Flavor Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Valerie Segatz
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany;
- Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Coburg, Friedrich-Streib-Strasse 2, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Patrik Blumenthal
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.C.S.); (P.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Marina Rigling
- Department of Flavor Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Steffen Schwarz
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.C.S.); (P.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Flavor Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.R.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Heike Franke
- Postgraduate Study of Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (N.T.); (H.F.)
| | - Dirk W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany;
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Wannasaksri W, Temviriyanukul P, Aursalung A, Sahasakul Y, Thangsiri S, Inthachat W, On-Nom N, Chupeerach C, Pruesapan K, Charoenkiatkul S, Suttisansanee U. Influence of Plant Origins and Seasonal Variations on Nutritive Values, Phenolics and Antioxidant Activities of Adenia viridiflora Craib., an Endangered Species from Thailand. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112799. [PMID: 34829080 PMCID: PMC8623237 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenia viridiflora Craib. is an indigenous plant found in Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam that has become threatened owing to lack of knowledge about its agricultural management. This plant is now rare in the wild and was registered in the Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the initiation of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (RSPG) to promote sustainable conservation and optimally beneficial utilization. A. viridiflora has a long history of utilization as a nutrient-rich source with medicinal properties but scientific evidence of the veracity of these claims is limited. Here, the nutritional compositions, phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of different plant parts (young shoots and old leaves) of A. viridiflora were investigated using plants collected from four areas of Thailand as Kamphaeng Phet (KP), Muang Nakhon Ratchasima (MN), Pakchong Nakhon Ratchasima (PN) and Uthai Thani (UT) at different harvesting periods (March-April, May–June and July–August). Results indicated that young shoots provided higher energy, protein, fat, dietary fiber, phosphorus, sodium, and zinc than old leaves. By contrast, nutrients such as total sugar, vitamin C, carotenoids, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron contents were higher in old leaves that also exhibited higher phenolic contents and most antioxidant activities than young shoots. Generally, most nutrients, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities exhibited no clear trend among different plant origins. The harvesting period of July–August provided a suitable climate for biosynthesis of most nutrients, while high phenolics were mainly found in samples harvested in March–April. No clear trend was observed in the prevalence of antioxidant activities that varied according to assay techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werawat Wannasaksri
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Amornrat Aursalung
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Yuraporn Sahasakul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Nattira On-Nom
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Chaowanee Chupeerach
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Kanchana Pruesapan
- Plant Varieties Protection Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Somsri Charoenkiatkul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (W.W.); (P.T.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-(0)-2800-2380 (ext. 422)
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Ilex paraguariensis extract as an alternative to pain medications. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:383-398. [PMID: 36654097 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a common and distressing symptom of many diseases and its clinical treatment generally involves analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. This study evaluated the toxicity of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) aqueous extract (leaves, petioles and branches) and its performance in a nociceptive response. Hepatotoxicity, psycho-stimulant test and evaluation of enzyme markers for liver damage were also tested. Chromatographic analysis by UPLC-MS demonstrated a series of isomeric monocaffeoylquinic acids, isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acid, flavonol glycosides, and saponins. Phase I and II of nociception were obtained for meloxicam, dexamethasone and aqueous Ilex paraguariensis extract. Ilex paraguariensis extract concentration was negatively correlated (R = -0.887) with alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.05) in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity test, indicating hepatoprotective activity of this extract. Ilex paraguariensis extract also presented analgesic properties equivalent to drugs that already have proven efficacy. Notably, the administration of multiple doses of Ilex paraguariensis extract was considered safe from the therapeutic point of view.
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Kowalska J, Marzec A, Domian E, Galus S, Ciurzyńska A, Brzezińska R, Kowalska H. Influence of Tea Brewing Parameters on the Antioxidant Potential of Infusions and Extracts Depending on the Degree of Processing of the Leaves of Camellia sinensis. Molecules 2021; 26:4773. [PMID: 34443362 PMCID: PMC8400668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyphenol content of tea depends on the growing region, harvest date, the production process used, and the brewing parameters. In this study, research was undertaken that included an analysis of the influence of the brewing process parameters on the content of total polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu), epigallocatechin gallate (HPLC), and antioxidant activity (against DPPH radicals) of fresh tea shrub leaves grown from Taiwan and of teas obtained from them (oolong, green in bags, and green loose from the spring and autumn harvest). The antioxidant potential was determined in the methanol and aqueous extracts, as well as in infusions that were obtained by using water at 65 or 100 °C and infusing the tea for 5 or 10 min. The highest content of total polyphenols and epigallocatechin gallate was found in green tea extracts from the spring harvest. However, in the case of infusions, the highest content of these compounds was found in green tea in bags. Steaming at 100 °C for 10 min, turned out to be the most favourable condition for the extraction. Oolong tea, brewed at 100 °C for 5 min was characterised by the highest antioxidant activity against stable DPPH radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kowalska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (E.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Agata Marzec
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (E.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Ewa Domian
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (E.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Sabina Galus
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (E.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Ciurzyńska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (E.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Rita Brzezińska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Kowalska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (E.D.); (A.C.)
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Production stages, microbiological risk and benefits on health of herbal teas. HERBA POLONICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Plants have been used to prepare herbal infusions for centuries. Production of herbal tea consists of several steps, beginning with harvesting, cleaning form residues, drying, storage of herb in a suitable material, grinding, and blending. Te plants grow in different regions and climatic conditions, varying by their physical properties. They are consumed for different purposes and due to their chemical constituents. Many of them have therapeutic effects. Besides their various benefits and even antimicrobial effects, they also carry some microorganisms. Thus, the botanical characteristics and effects on the health of frequently consumed herbal teas and recommendations on their consumption with considered microbial risks are reviewed in this article.
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Yoon HI, Kim HY, Kim J, Son JE. Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception and Bioactive Compound Contents in Kale by Leaf Position According to Growth Progress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667456. [PMID: 34305968 PMCID: PMC8297650 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation has been used as an effective tool to improve bioactive compound contents in controlled environments, such as plant factories. However, plant structure changes with growth progress induce different positional distributions of UV-B radiation interception, which cause difficulty in accurately evaluating the effects of UV-B on biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the positional distributions of UV-B radiation interception and bioactive compound contents of kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) with growth progress and their relationships. Short-term moderate UV-B levels did not affect the plant growth and photosynthetic parameters. Spatial UV-B radiation interception was analyzed quantitatively by using 3D-scanned plant models and ray-tracing simulations. As growth progressed, the differences in absorbed UV-B energy between leaf positions were more pronounced. The concentrations of total phenolic compound (TPC) and total flavonoid compound (TFC) were higher with more cumulative absorbed UV-B energy. The cumulative UV energy yields for TFC were highest for the upper leaves of the older plants, while those for TPC were highest in the middle leaves of the younger plants. Despite the same UV-B levels, the UV-B radiation interception and UV-B susceptibility in the plants varied with leaf position and growth stage, which induced the different biosynthesis of TFC and TPC. This attempt to quantify the relationship between UV-B radiation interception and bioactive compound contents will contribute to the estimation and production of bioactive compounds in plant factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Yoon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jung Eek Son,
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Lima TC, Matos SS, Carvalho TF, Silveira-Filho AJ, Couto LPSM, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS, Silva AMO, Heimfarth L, Passos FRS, Gandhi SR, Lima BS, Silva FA. Evidence for the involvement of IL-1β and TNF-α in anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidative stress profile of the standardized dried extract from Miconia albicans Sw. (Triana) Leaves (Melastomataceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112908. [PMID: 32387231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae), commonly known in Brazil as "canela-de-velho", is used in folk medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis and reducing pain and inflammation. THE AIM OF THE CURRENT WORK WAS: to provide data on physicochemical characterization of the drug plant and dried extract from M. albicans leaves, as well as investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant stress profile from the standardized dried extract of this species employing different model systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS plant material (dried crushed leaves) was extracted by turboextraction using 50% ethanol (v/v). Different pharmacological techniques were performed to establish quality control parameters of the plant drug, and dried extract of M. albicans (DEMA) was chemically characterized by HPLC-PDA to selection of the chemical marker. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric methods, respectively. Antioxidant potential of the DEMA was investigated by employing different in vitro antioxidant assays, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, ferric reducing antioxidant assay, NO scavenging assay, metal ion (Fe2+) chelating activity and antioxidant capacity by inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Finally, anti-inflammatory activity of the DEMA was evaluated using two models of acute inflammation: carrageenan induced inflammation and mechanical hyperalgesia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION M. albicans leaves, after drying in forced air circulation chamber at ±40 °C for 48 h and crushing in knife mill, presented a moisture content below the maximum allowed for plant drugs (6.4%). The powder of M. albicans was classified as moderately coarse and total ash content was found to be 6.27%. Preliminary phytochemical screening of DEMA revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, leucoanthocyanins and steroids. DEMA had significant higher total phenolic (551.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dried extract) and flavonoid contents (367.19 mg catechin equivalent/g of dried extract). Two major compounds (λ = 340 nm) were identified in DEMA by HPLC-PDA: the flavonoids rutin and quercetin. Rutin content, selected as chemical marker, was determined and found to be 1.16 mg/g dried extract (r = 0.9941). Regarding to antioxidant activity, our results revealed the DEMA exhibited good antioxidant activity on different models. M. albicans treatment also reduced the levels of TNF-α e IL-1β and consequently inflammatory nociception and edema caused by carrageenan injection. Based on previous studies and our results, is possible to suggest a positive correlation between the flavonoids rutin and quercetin and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. CONCLUSION Together, these data suggest that M. albicans has the possibility of use in conditions such as arthritis or other joint pain, even needing other work to better consolidate this profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires C Lima
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Saulo S Matos
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís F Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Alex J Silveira-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Luzi P S M Couto
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Physiology (DFS), Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Department of Physiology (DFS), Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Mara O Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Department of Physiology (DFS), Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiolla R S Passos
- Department of Physiology (DFS), Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Sathiyabama R Gandhi
- Department of Physiology (DFS), Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno S Lima
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Francilene A Silva
- Department of Pharmacy (DFA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
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Zam W, Ali A, Hasan R. Determination of Phenolic Compounds’ Extraction Conditions from Pistacia palaestina Leaves at Two Different Stages of Maturity. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666191009100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Phenolic compounds are distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Numerous
investigations have proved that Pistacia species have secondary metabolites, and these contain
different classes of bioactive phenolic compounds.
Objective:
The objective of the present work was to optimize the extraction conditions of phenolic
compounds from Pistacia palaestina leaves cultivated in Syria and find out the effects of the solvent
type, extraction time, and temperature on total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro antioxidant activity%
(AA%). Two different growth stages were studied.
Methods:
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content values were estimated using 2,2’-diphenyl-
1-picrylhydrazyl and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively.
Results:
The highest TPC and AA% were found in fresh leaves (14.32g/100g and 92.69%, respectively).
The optimum extraction solvent for phenolic recovery and antioxidant capacity was acetone
40%. Changes both in temperature (25, 40, 60 and 80°C) and time (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) had no
significant influence on TPC and AA% of Pistacia extracts.
Conclusion:
Phenolic compounds could be extracted in a short time at a low temperature and could
be used as natural antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Ali Ali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Razan Hasan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic
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Jeszka-Skowron M, Frankowski R, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. Comparison of methylxantines, trigonelline, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide contents in brews of green and processed Arabica and Robusta coffee beans – Influence of steaming, decaffeination and roasting processes on coffee beans. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Effect of the Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) brewing method on the content of selected elements and antioxidant potential of infusions. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Yerba mate is a source of biologically active substances. The aim was to determine whether the place of origin of Yerba and the brewing method have any influence on the levels of Ca, Mg and Fe and antioxidant activity of infusions. Samples were steeped in cold water (25°C) and hot water (three consecutive infusions with 85°C water). Infusions had a high antioxidant activity and high Mg level. The levels of elements and the antioxidant activity were influenced by the brewing method. There were no significant differences in the examined parameters depending on the country of origin. The results on the levels of elements and the antioxidant activity indicate that the most efficient brewing method was infusion in hot water. The highest levels of elements were found in first infusions, with the highest antioxidant activity in the third infusions.
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Suárez S, Mu T, Sun H, Añón MC. Antioxidant activity, nutritional, and phenolic composition of sweet potato leaves as affected by harvesting period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1716796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Suárez
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
- Centro De Investigación Y Desarrollo En Criotecnología De Alimentos (CIDCA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP. CIC. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas), La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad De Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional De La Plata. CCT, La Plata, CONICET (Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas), CIC (Comisión De Investigaciones Científicas De La Provincia De Buenos Aires)
| | - Taihua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongnan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - María Cristina Añón
- Centro De Investigación Y Desarrollo En Criotecnología De Alimentos (CIDCA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP. CIC. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científica y Técnicas), La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad De Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional De La Plata. CCT, La Plata, CONICET (Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas), CIC (Comisión De Investigaciones Científicas De La Provincia De Buenos Aires)
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Biological activity of extracts from guayusa leaves (Ilex guayusa Loes.) obtained by supercritical CO2 and ethanol as cosolvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Acevedo RM, Avico EH, González S, Salvador AR, Rivarola M, Paniego N, Nunes-Nesi A, Ruiz OA, Sansberro PA. Transcript and metabolic adjustments triggered by drought in Ilex paraguariensis leaves. PLANTA 2019; 250:445-462. [PMID: 31055624 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid is involved in the drought response of Ilex paraguariensis. Acclimation includes root growth stimulation, stomatal closure, osmotic adjustment, photoprotection, and regulation of nonstructural carbohydrates and amino acid metabolisms. Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) is cultivated in the subtropical region of South America, where the occurrence of drought episodes limit yield. To explore the mechanisms that allow I. paraguariensis to overcome dehydration, we investigated (1) how gene expression varied between water-stressed and non-stressed plants and (2) in what way the modulation of gene expression was linked to physiological status and metabolite composition. A total of 4920 differentially expressed transcripts were obtained through RNA-Seq after water deprivation. Drought induced the expression of several transcripts involved in the ABA-signalling pathway. Stomatal closure and leaf osmotic adjustments were promoted to minimize water loss, and these responses were accompanied by a high transcriptional remodeling of stress perception, signalling and transcriptional regulation, the photoprotective and antioxidant systems, and other stress-responsive genes. Simultaneously, significant changes in metabolite contents were detected. Glutamine, phenylalanine, isomaltose, fucose, and malate levels were shown to be positively correlated with dehydration. Principal component analysis showed differences in the metabolic profiles of control and stressed leaves. These results provide a comprehensive overview of how I. paraguariensis responds to dehydration at transcriptional and metabolomic levels and provide further characterization of the molecular mechanisms associated with drought response in perennial subtropical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl M Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, W3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Edgardo H Avico
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, W3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Sergio González
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Paniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Oscar A Ruiz
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, IIB-INTECH (UNSAM-CONICET), B7130IWA, Chascomús, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) "Ing. Victorio S. Trippi" (CIAP-INTA), X5020ICA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro A Sansberro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, W3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina.
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Das A, Kalita A, Raychaiudhuri U, Chakraborty R. Synergistic effect of herbal plant extract ( Hibiscus sabdariffa) in maintain the antioxidant activity of decaffeinated green tea from various parts of Assam. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:5009-5016. [PMID: 31741525 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two extraction methods, hot water extraction and ethyl acetate extraction were used to decaffeinate fresh green tea leaf (Camellia assamica) collected from four parts of Assam, NE-India. Both type of extraction methods have significant effect on the antioxidant activity of decaffeinated green tea. Amongst the four samples, Dhekiajuli sample have highest antioxidant activity and total polyphenol as well as flavonoid contents. During hot water extraction (100 °C for 3 min), in decaffeinated green tea, the antioxidant activity decreases to 996.1 ± 26.12 mM TE/g green tea and 1165 ± 31.25 mM TE/g green tea from 1403.07 ± 70.15 mM TE/g and 1587.1 ± 79.355 mM TE/g green tea as observed for caffeinated green tea by DPPH and FRAP assay respectively. Again more antioxidant activity (ranges from 996.1 ± 15.8 to 1421.3 ± 71.06 mM TE/g) was recorded for ethyl acetate extracts compared to hot water extracts of samples. However, the loss in antioxidant activity, due to decaffeination of green tea in our study was minimize by using herbal plant extract, Hibiscus sabdariffa along with the tea extract which shows a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370 India
| | - Anamika Kalita
- Department of Basic Science, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar, Assam 783370 India
| | - Utpal Raychaiudhuri
- 3Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Runu Chakraborty
- 3Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 India
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Feduraev P, Chupakhina G, Maslennikov P, Tacenko N, Skrypnik L. Variation in Phenolic Compounds Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Plant Organs from Rumex crispus L. and Rumex obtusifolius L. at Different Growth Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E237. [PMID: 31340505 PMCID: PMC6680865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the accumulation of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of extracts of various parts of R. crispus and R. obtusifolius, collected at the flowering stage and the fruiting stage. Half of the collected plants were divided into root, stem, leaves, and reproductive organs (inflorescence). The other half was used to study the vertical distribution of biologically active components and antioxidants throughout the plant. The samples were analyzed for total catechins content, total proanthocyanidins content, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'azinobis(3)ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). All analyses were performed in four replicates. In general, a similar trend was observed in the distribution of phenolic compounds in the studied species. The maximum content of these secondary metabolites was noted in the reproductive organs, both in the flowering and fruiting period. Stems were characterized by a minimum content of the studied classes of substances. The antioxidant activity of the sorrels studied parts can be arranged in the following order: the generative part (flowers, seeds) > leaves > root > stem (for flowering and fruiting stages). It was found that parts of the root closer to the stem differed in higher activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Feduraev
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia.
| | - Galina Chupakhina
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia
| | - Pavel Maslennikov
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia.
| | - Natalia Tacenko
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia
| | - Liubov Skrypnik
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia
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de Paula Lima J, Farah A. METHYLXANTHINES IN STIMULANT FOODS AND BEVERAGES COMMONLY CONSUMED IN BRAZIL. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Cao Q, Li J, Xia Y, Li W, Luo S, Ma C, Liu S. Green Extraction of Six Phenolic Compounds from Rattan ( Calamoideae faberii) with Deep Eutectic Solvent by Homogenate-Assisted Vacuum-Cavitation Method. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010113. [PMID: 30597978 PMCID: PMC6337183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A homogenate-assisted vacuum-cavitation extraction (HVE) method with a “green” solvent (a deep eutectic solvent, DES) was developed to extract phenolic compounds from rattan (Calamoideae faberii). In this study, the optimum molar ratio of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) was 1:3, the optimum volume ratio of ChCl-EG:H2O was 6:4, the solid-liquid ratio of HVE was 1:15, and the extraction time of homogenate and vacuum-cavitation were 2.0 min and 25 min, respectively. Under the optimum parameters of HVE, the extraction yield of total phenolic content with ChCl-EG solution was 6.82 mg/g. The higher total phenolic content was detected in fruit tissues (seeds 81.24 ± 1.55 mg/g, episperm 43.21 ± 0.87 mg/g, and arillus 38.47 ± 0.74 mg/g), followed by in leaves (sheath 19.5 ± 0.38 mg/g and blade 17.81 ± 0.33 mg/g). In addition, the content of specific phenolic compounds in aqueous and DES extracts was determined. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenol in most organs of the rattan plant. Gallic acid was mainly distributed in the arillus; protocatechuic acid was mainly distributed in the arillus, sheath, and blade; protocatechuic aldehyde was mainly distributed in the blade, seed, and sheath; (+)-catechins were mainly distributed in the episperm, seed, and sheath; and epigallocatechin gallate was mainly distributed in the blade. The recovery rates of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, (+)-catechins, chlorogenic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate were 93.77%, 94.09%, 97.32%, 97.83%, 94.41%, and 92.47%, respectively, by AB-8 resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Junhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Sha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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da Veiga DTA, Bringhenti R, Copes R, Tatsch E, Moresco RN, Comim FV, Premaor MO. Protective effect of yerba mate intake on the cardiovascular system: a post hoc analysis study in postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7253. [PMID: 29694507 PMCID: PMC5937722 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is increased in postmenopausal women, which contributes to the burden of illnesses in this period of life. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native bush from Southern South America. Its leaves are rich in phenolic components, which may have antioxidant, vasodilating, hypocholesterolemic, and hypoglycemic proprieties. This post hoc analysis of the case-control study nested in the Obesity and Bone Fracture Cohort evaluated the consumption of yerba mate and the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary diseases in postmenopausal women. Ninety-five postmenopausal women were included in this analysis. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the risk factors and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and consumption of yerba mate infusion. Student's t-test and chi-square test were used to assess significant differences between groups. The group that consumed more than 1 L/day of mate infusion had significantly fewer diagnoses of coronary disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (P<0.049, P<0.048, and P<0.016, respectively). Furthermore, the serum levels of glucose were lower in the group with a higher consumption of yerba mate infusion (P<0.013). The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were similar between the groups. This pragmatic study points out the benefits of yerba mate consumption for the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. The ingestion of more than 1 L/day of mate infusion was associated with fewer self-reported cardiovascular diseases and lower serum levels of glucose. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the association between yerba mate infusion and reduction of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T A da Veiga
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - R Bringhenti
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - R Copes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - E Tatsch
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - R N Moresco
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - F V Comim
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - M O Premaor
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Novel Beverages of Yerba-Mate and Soy: Bioactive Compounds and Functional Properties. BEVERAGES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages4010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Villacís-Chiriboga J, García-Ruiz A, Baenas N, Moreno DA, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Stinco CM, Jerves-Andrade L, León-Tamariz F, Ortiz-Ulloa J, Ruales J. Changes in phytochemical composition, bioactivity and in vitro digestibility of guayusa leaves (Ilex guayusa Loes.) in different ripening stages. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1927-1934. [PMID: 28906554 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loes.) leaves, native of the Ecuadorian Amazon, are popularly used for preparing teas. This study aimed to assess the influence of leaf age on the phenolic compounds and carotenoids and the bioactivity and digestibility (in vitro) of aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf extracts. RESULTS In total, 14 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. Chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-O-hexose were the main representatives of the hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols respectively. Seven carotenoids were quantified, lutein being the main compound. Ripening affected phenolic content significantly, but there was no significant difference in carotenoid content. Antioxidant capacity, measured by the DPPH• method, was also significantly affected by leaf age. The measurement of in vitro digestibility showed a decrease in phenolic content (59%) as well as antioxidant capacity, measured by the ABTS•+ method, in comparison with initial conditions of the guayusa infusion. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities were assayed with young leaves owing to their higher phenolic contents. Guayusa did not show any antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 or Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Finally, the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts exhibited high in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (>65%). CONCLUSION Young guayusa leaves have potential applications as a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Almudena García-Ruiz
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica National, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carla M Stinco
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lourdes Jerves-Andrade
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Fabián León-Tamariz
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Johanna Ortiz-Ulloa
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Jenny Ruales
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica National, Quito, Ecuador
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Mateos R, Baeza G, Sarriá B, Bravo L. Improved LC-MS n characterization of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonols in different commercial mate (Ilex paraguariensis) brands. Quantification of polyphenols, methylxanthines, and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2017; 241:232-241. [PMID: 28958524 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Yerba mate is a beverage rich in bioactive compounds popular in South America. Polyphenols and methylxanthines were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in four commercial brands of yerba mate, as well as the antioxidant capacity of the beverages. Using LC/MSn analysis, 58 polyphenols were observed of which 4-sinapoylquinic acid, di- and tri-methoxycinnamoylquinic acids, two isomers of trimethoxycinnamoylshikimic acid and four isomers of caffeoyl-2,7-anhydro-3-deoxy-2-octulopyranosonic acid were identified for the first time in mate. Additionally, 46 polyphenols and 2 methylxanthines were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonols comprised 90% and 10% of mate phenols, respectively, 3-caffeoylquinic (26.8-28.8%), 5-caffeoylquinic (21.1-22.4%), 4-caffeoylquinic (12.6-14.2%) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids (9.5-11.3%) along with rutin (7.1-7.8%) were the most abundant polyphenols, whereas caffeine was the main methylxanthine (90%). Ilex paraguariensis is an important source of polyphenols with moderate methylxanthines content; therefore its high antioxidant capacity was mainly associated to its polyphenolic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gema Baeza
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarriá
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.
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Negrão-Murakami AN, Nunes GL, Pinto SS, Murakami FS, Amante ER, Petrus JCC, Prudêncio ES, Amboni RD. Influence of DE-value of maltodextrin on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and storage stability of spray dried concentrated mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Friedrich JC, Gonela A, Gonçalves Vidigal MC, Vidigal Filho PS, Sturion JA, Cardozo Junior EL. Genetic and Phytochemical Analysis to Evaluate the Diversity and Relationships of Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) Elite Genetic Resources in a Germplasm Collection. Chem Biodivers 2016; 14. [PMID: 27701846 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and genetic diversity, relationships and identification of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) elite genetic resources belonging to the Brazilian germplasm collection and mate breeding program. Mate has been studied due to the presence of phytochemical compounds, especially methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. The samples were collected from the leaves of 76 mate elite genetic resources (16 progenies × 5 localities). Total DNA was extracted from mate leaves and 20 random primers were used for DNA amplification. Methylxanthines (caffeine and theobromine) and phenolic compounds (chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, and criptochlorogenic acids) were quantified by HPLC. The genetic divergence estimated was higher within (92%) than among (8%) the different populations. Analysis of genetic distance between origins provided the formation of two groups by UPGMA cluster analysis, with higher polymorphism (94.9%). The average content of caffeine ranged from 0.01 to 1.38% and theobromine of 0.10 - 0.85% (w/w). The caffeoylquinic acids concentrations (1.43 - 5.38%) showed a gradient 3-CQA > 5-CQA > 4-CQA. The coefficient of genetic variation (CVg) was of low magnitude for all mono-caffeoylquinics acids. Significant correlations (positive and negative) were observed between the phytochemical compounds. Genetic diversity analysis performed by RAPD markers showed a greater intra-populational diversity; genetic resources with low caffeine and higher theobromine content were identified and can be used in breeding programs; the correlation between methylxanthines and phenolic compounds can be used as a good predictor in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cristhina Friedrich
- Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Av. Parigot de Souza 3636, Toledo, PR, 85.903-170, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gonela
- Agronomy Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo 5790 - Vila Esperança, Maringá, PR, 87.020-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Celeste Gonçalves Vidigal
- Agronomy Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo 5790 - Vila Esperança, Maringá, PR, 87.020-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho
- Agronomy Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo 5790 - Vila Esperança, Maringá, PR, 87.020-900, Brazil
| | - José Alfredo Sturion
- Embrapa Florestas - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Km 111, Estrada da Ribeira, Colombo, PR, 83.411-000, Brazil
| | - Euclides Lara Cardozo Junior
- Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Av. Parigot de Souza 3636, Toledo, PR, 85.903-170, Brazil
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30
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Granato D, Santos JS, Maciel LG, Nunes DS. Chemical perspective and criticism on selected analytical methods used to estimate the total content of phenolic compounds in food matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nattoh G, Musieba F, Gatebe E, Mathara J. Towards profiling differential distribution of bioactive molecules across four phenologies in Pleurotus djamor R22. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ilex paraguariensis hydroalcoholic extract exerts antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects: involvement of the NMDA receptor and the l-arginine-NO pathway. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:384-92. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lima JDP, Farah A, King B, de Paulis T, Martin PR. Distribution of Major Chlorogenic Acids and Related Compounds in Brazilian Green and Toasted Ilex paraguariensis (Maté) Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2361-2370. [PMID: 26924157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis (maté) is one of the best sources of chlorogenic acids (CGA) in nature. When leaves are toasted, some isomers are partly transformed into 1,5-γ-quinolactones (CGL). Both CGA and CGL are important contributors to the brew's flavor and are thought to contribute to human health. In this study, we quantified 9 CGA, 2 CGL, and caffeic acid in 20 samples of dried green and toasted maté that are commercially available in Brazil. Total CGA content in green maté varied from 8.7 to 13.2 g/100 g, dry weight (dw). Caffeic acid content varied from 10.8 to 13.5 mg/100 g dw, respectively. Content in toasted maté varied from 1.5 to 4.6 g/100 g and from 1.5 to 7.2 mg/100 g dw, respectively. Overall, caffeoylquinic acid isomers (CQA) were the most abundant CGA in both green and toasted maté, followed by dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQA) and feruloylquinic acids (FQA). These classes accounted for 58.5%, 40.0%, and 1.5% of CGA, respectively, in green maté and 76.3%, 20.7%, and 3.0%, respectively, in toasted maté. Average contents of 3-caffeoylquinolactone (3-CQL) and 4-caffeoylquinolactone (4-CQL) in commercial toasted samples were 101.5 mg/100 g and 61.8 mg/100 g dw, respectively. These results show that, despite overall losses during the toasting process, CGA concentrations are still substantial in toasted leaves, compared to other food sources of CGA and phenolic compounds in general. In addition to evaluating commercial samples, investigation of changes in CGA profile and formation of 1,5-γ-quinolactones was performed in experimental maté toasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Paula Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Ilha do Fundão, CCS bloco J, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Farah
- Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Ilha do Fundão, CCS bloco J, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Benjamin King
- Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Ilha do Fundão, CCS bloco J, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tomas de Paulis
- Psychiatry Department, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Suite 3068, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37212-8645, United States
| | - Peter R Martin
- Psychiatry Department, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Suite 3068, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37212-8645, United States
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Souza AH, Corrêa RC, Barros L, Calhelha RC, Santos-Buelga C, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Matsushita M, Ferreira IC. Phytochemicals and bioactive properties of Ilex paraguariensis : An in-vitro comparative study between the whole plant, leaves and stems. Food Res Int 2015; 78:286-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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