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Sá Filho A, Martins JLR, Costa RF, Pedrino GR, Duarte VS, Silva ON, Napolitano HB, Fajemiroye JO. Polymorphism and Pharmacological Assessment of Carbamazepine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9835. [PMID: 39337323 PMCID: PMC11431949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This work provides insight into carbamazepine polymorphs (Forms I, II, III, IV, and V), with reports on the cytoprotective, exploratory, motor, CNS-depressant, and anticonvulsant properties of carbamazepine (CBZ), carbamazepine formulation (CBZ-F), topiramate (TOP), oxcarbazepine (OXC), and diazepam (DZP) in mice. Structural analysis highlighted the significant difference in molecular conformations, which directly influence the physicochemical properties; and density functional theory description provided indications about CBZ reactivity and stability. In addition to neuron viability assessment in vitro, animals were treated orally with vehicle 10 mL/kg, as well as CBZ, CBZ-F, TOP, OXC, and DZP at the dose of 5 mg/kg and exposed to open-field, rotarod, barbiturate sleep induction and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ 70 mg/kg)-induced seizure. The involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in the activity of these drugs was evaluated with the intraperitoneal pretreatment of flumazenil (2 mg/kg). The CBZ, CBZ-F, and TOP mildly preserved neuronal viability. The CBZ-F and the reference AEDs potentiated barbiturate sleep, altered motor activities, and attenuated PTZ-induced convulsion. However, flumazenil pretreatment blocked these effects. Additional preclinical assessments could further establish the promising utility of CBZ-F in clinical settings while expanding the scope of AED formulations and designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sá Filho
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (J.L.R.M.); (R.F.C.); (O.N.S.); (H.B.N.)
| | - Jose Luis Rodrigues Martins
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (J.L.R.M.); (R.F.C.); (O.N.S.); (H.B.N.)
| | - Rafael Fernandes Costa
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (J.L.R.M.); (R.F.C.); (O.N.S.); (H.B.N.)
| | | | - Vitor Santos Duarte
- Structural and Theoretical Chemistry Group, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil
| | - Osmar Nascimento Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (J.L.R.M.); (R.F.C.); (O.N.S.); (H.B.N.)
| | - Hamilton Barbosa Napolitano
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (J.L.R.M.); (R.F.C.); (O.N.S.); (H.B.N.)
- Structural and Theoretical Chemistry Group, State University of Goiás, Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil
| | - James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (J.L.R.M.); (R.F.C.); (O.N.S.); (H.B.N.)
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás 74605-010, GO, Brazil;
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Patel R, Jain NS. Stimulation of central histaminergic transmission attenuates diazepam-induced motor disturbance on rota-rod and beam walking tests in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:351-365. [PMID: 39051902 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Diazepam administration has been shown to influence the release of histamine in various brain areas involved in motor behavior. Therefore, the present study explored the plausible regulatory role of the central histaminergic system in diazepam-induced deficits in motor performance in mice using the rota-rod and beam walking tests. In this study, several doses of diazepam (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) were assessed in mice for changes in motor performance on the rota-rod and beam walking test. In addition, the brain histamine levels were determined after diazepam administration, and the diazepam-induced motor deficits were assessed in mice, pretreated centrally (intracerebroventricular) with histaminergic agents such as histamine (0.1, 10 µg), histamine precursor (L-histidine: 0.1, 2.5 µg), histamine neuronal releaser/H 3 receptor antagonist (thioperamide: 0.5, 10 µg), H 1 and H 2 receptor agonist [2-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) histamine (FMPH: 0.1, 6.5 µg; amthamine: 0.1, 5 µg)/antagonist (H 1 : cetirizine 0.1 µg) and (H 2 : ranitidine: 50 µg)]. Results indicate that mice treated with diazepam at doses 1, 2 mg/kg, i.p. significantly increased the brain histamine levels. Moreover, in mice pretreated with histaminergic transmission-enhancing agents, the diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced motor incoordination was significantly reversed. Contrastingly, diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) in its subeffective dose produced significant motor deficits in mice preintracerebroventricular injected with histamine H 1 and H 2 receptor antagonists on both the employed tests. Therefore, it is postulated that endogenous histamine operates via H 1 and H 2 receptor activation to alleviate the motor-impairing effects of diazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Cabral IB, de Lima Moreira CV, Rodrigues ACC, da Silva Moreira LK, Pereira JKA, Gomides CD, Lião LM, Machado LS, Vaz BG, da Cunha LC, de Oliveira Neto JR, da Silva-Júnior EF, de Aquino TM, da Silva Santos-Júnior PF, Silva ON, da Rocha FF, Costa EA, Menegatti R, Fajemiroye JO. Preclinical data on morpholine (3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methanone induced anxiolysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2957-2975. [PMID: 37097335 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Trimetozine is used to be indicated for the treatment of mental illnesses, particularly anxiety. The present study provides data on the pharmacological profile of trimetozine derivative morpholine (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methanone (LQFM289) which was designed from molecular hybridization of trimetozine lead compound and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-hydroxytoluene to develop new anxiolytic drugs. Here, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations, docking studies, receptor binding assays, and in silico ADMET profiling of LQFM289 before its behavioral and biochemical assessment in mice within the dose range of 5-20 mg/kg. The docking of LQFM289 showed strong interactions with the benzodiazepine binding sites and matched well with receptor binding data. With the ADMET profile of this trimetozine derivative that predicts a high intestinal absorption and permeability to blood-brain barrier without being inhibited by the permeability glycoprotein, the oral administration of LQFM289 10 mg/kg consistently induced anxiolytic-like behavior of the mice exposed to the open field and light-dark box apparatus without eliciting motor incoordination in the wire, rotarod, and chimney tests. A decrease in the wire and rotarod´s fall latency coupled with an increase in the chimney test´s climbing time and a decrease in the number of crossings in the open field apparatus at the dose of 20 mg/kg of this trimetozine derivative suggest sedative or motor coordination impairment at this highest dose. The attenuation of the anxiolytic-like effects of LQFM289 (10 mg/kg) by flumazenil pretreatment implicates the participation of benzodiazepine binding sites. The lowering of corticosterone and tumor necrosis factor alpha (cytokine) in LQFM289-treated mice at a single oral (acute) dose of 10 mg/kg suggests that the anxiolytic-like effect of this compound also involves the recruitment of non-benzodiazepine binding sites/GABAergic molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Barbosa Cabral
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Dias Gomides
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Lião
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Machado
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos da Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, PMB 131, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Alagoas, Maceió, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group in Therapeutic Strategies, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Alagoas, Maceió, 57072-900, Brazil
| | | | - Osmar N Silva
- Evangelical University of Goias, UniEvangélica, Av. Universitária Km 3, 5 Cidade Universitária Anápolis, Goias, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Fábio Fagundes da Rocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elson Alves Costa
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, PMB 131, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - James O Fajemiroye
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
- Evangelical University of Goias, UniEvangélica, Av. Universitária Km 3, 5 Cidade Universitária Anápolis, Goias, GO, 75083-515, Brazil.
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Biogenic Preparation, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Chitosan Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) functionalization over nanomaterials has gained more attention in the biomedical field due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and enhanced properties. In the present study, CS functionalized iron (II) oxide nanocomposite (CS/FeO NC) was prepared using Sida acuta leaf extract by a facile and eco-friendly green chemistry route. Phyto-compounds of S. acuta leaf were used as a reductant to prepare CS/FeO NC. The existence of CS and FeO crystalline peaks in CS/FeO NC was confirmed by XRD. FE-SEM analysis revealed that the prepared CS/FeO NC were spherical with a 10–100 nm average size. FTIR analyzed the existence of CS and metal-oxygen bands in the prepared NC. The CS/FeO NC showed the potential bactericidal activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus pathogens. Further, CS/FeO NC also exhibited the dose-dependent anti-proliferative property against human lung cancer cells (A549). Thus, the obtained outcomes revealed that the prepared CS/FeO NC could be a promising candidate in the biomedical sector to inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens and lung cancer cells.
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Anti-Proteus Activity, Anti-Struvite Crystal, and Phytochemical Analysis of Sida acuta Burm. F. Ethanolic Leaf Extract. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031092. [PMID: 35164357 PMCID: PMC8838957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a significant cause of urinary tract infection that may contribute to struvite stones. Anti-infection of this bacterium and anti-struvite formation must be considered. Sida acuta Burm. F. (SA) has been used for the treatment of diseases related to kidneys. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the SA leaf ethanolic extract (SAEE) on growth and on virulent factors (swarming motility and urease activity) of Proteus mirabilis isolated from kidney stone formers. We also evaluated anti-struvite crystal formation and phytochemical constituents of SAEE. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SAEE against three clinical P. mirabilis isolates were 8 mg/mL. Intriguingly, the 1/2MIC of SAEE had significant inhibitory effects on the swarming motility and urease activity of clinical P. mirabilis isolates when compared with the condition without SAEE. The SAEE at the various concentrations significantly inhibited the average weights of struvite crystals in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the control. The phytochemical analysis revealed that SAEE contained catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and ferulic acid. This study indicated that SAEE has anti-P. mirabilis and anti-struvite crystal activities via its bioactive compounds. For this reason, SAEE may be developed as a new agent for the treatment of struvite stone induced by P. mirabilis.
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Sida acuta leaf extract attenuates oxidants-induced animal model of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Curative potential of Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) leaves on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and rifampicin was studied. This was aimed at providing a potent therapeutic alternative to conventional drugs in the management of liver and kidney diseases.
Methodology
Carbon tetrachloride (3 ml/kg bw) and rifampicn (250 mg/kg bw) were administered to induce liver and kidney damage in selected groups of albino rats. Graded doses of Sida acuta leaves extract as well as silymarin (200 mg/kg bw) were then post-administered to experimental animals placed into eight groups of five animals each. Biomarkers of oxidative stress such as lipid profile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malonidialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Histopathological observations of both renal and hepatic tissues of experimental animals were also performed.
Results
Animals exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin without treatment exhibited significant derangement in lipid profile, elevated levels of ALT, ALT, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and MDA in the serum and tissues homogenates. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly inhibited while level of GSH was depleted. Following treatment with S. acuta extract, all deranged parameters including histological alterations were restored in a dose-dependent manner comparable to animals treated with silymarin.
Conclusion
Biochemical and histopathological data obtained from the present study confirmed that Sida acuta is a potential antioxidant plant that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney dysfunctions.
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Application of Green Synthesized MMT/Ag Nanocomposite for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13223206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Textile industries are the largest consumer of synthetic dyestuff compounds and consequently, they are the prime contributor of colored organic contaminants to the environment. The dye compounds when released in soil or freshwater resources such as rivers, cause a potential hazard to living beings due to their toxic, allergic and carcinogenic nature. Current conventional treatment methods for removal or degradation of such dyestuff materials from water systems are not sufficient, and therefore, there is an immediate need to find efficient and eco-friendly approaches. In this regard, nanotechnology can offer an effective solution to this problem. In the present work, montmorillonite/silver nanocomposite (MMT/Ag nanocomposite) is developed through green synthesis methods using naturally occurring montmorillonite (MMT) clay and silver nanoparticles. The material was characterized by using a particle size analyzer (PSA), UV/Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and a Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. The adsorption efficiency of the nanocomposite and per cent removal of methylene blue (MB) was investigated by using a batch system.
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Madhan G, Begam AA, Varsha LV, Ranjithkumar R, Bharathi D. Facile synthesis and characterization of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite for enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:259-269. [PMID: 34419540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report, chitosan/zinc oxide (CS/ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized using Sida acuta and assessed their antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. The formation of CS/ZnO nanocomposite was preliminary confirmed by colour change and UV-visible spectroscopy. The crystalline peaks related to CS and ZnO in CS/ZnO nanocomposite were demonstrated by XRD. Morphological analysis through FE-SEM and TEM showed a rod like appearance for ZnO NPs and agglomerated grains with rod shaped morphology was observed for the CS/ZnO nanocomposite. The peaks around 400-800 cm-1 in the IR spectrum of nanocomposite indicated the vibrations of metal-oxygen (ZnO), whereas bands at 1659 cm-1 and 1546 cm-1 indicated the presence of amine groups, which confirms the CS in the synthesized CS/ZnO nanocomposite. The CS/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited remarkable growth inhibition activity against B. subtilis and E. coli with 22 ± 0.3 and 16.5 ± 0.5 mm zone of inhibitions. In addition, CS/ZnO nanocomposite treated cotton fabrics also exhibited antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs and nanocomposite showed time depended photodegradation activity and revealed 76% and 91% decomposition of CR under sunlight irradiation. In conclusion, our study revealed that the functionalization of biopolymer CS to the inorganic ZnO enhances the bio and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Madhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 6410028, India
| | - A Ayisha Begam
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 6410028, India
| | - L Vetri Varsha
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 6410028, India
| | | | - Devaraj Bharathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 6410028, India.
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Enechi OC, Amah CC, Okagu IU, Ononiwu PC, Nweke AC, Ugwuanyi TC, Ajibo EA, Nweze AC, Chukwurah BC. Sida acuta Burm.f. leaves ethanol extract ameliorates haematological and biochemical alterations induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA-65 in mice. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Malaria has continued to be a threat to man and his wellbeing, especially Africans and Asians. New antimalarial drugs are urgently needed to mitigate malaria treatment failure due to resistant Plasmodium species. Medicinal plants used by indigenous Nigerians for treating fever and malaria such as Sida acuta Burm.f. (Malvaceae) could be a promising source of lead compounds for developing new generations of antimalarial drugs. The effects of ethanol extract of S. acuta leaves (EESAL) on malaria parasitemia, haematological and biochemical status of P. berghei-infected mice were investigated, using the 4-day curative test.
Methodology
EESAL was prepared by maceration method. The phyto-constituents and acute toxicity profile of the extract were evaluated using standard protocols. In addition, malaria parasitemia and chemo-suppression, and indicators of haematological and biochemical status of P. berghei-infected mice treated with EESAL were assessed.
Results
At 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/d b.w., p.o doses for 4 consecutive days, EESAL significantly (p < 0.05) decreased parasitaemia and suppressed malaria parasite by 89.64%, 95.95% and 97.38%, respectively comparable to negative control. The reduction in percentage malaria parasitemia by EESAL is comparable to Artemether (140 mg/kg/d b.w., p.o) used as standard antimalarial drug in this study. The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts of negative control are significantly (p < 0.05) higher than normal control. However, parasitized-EESAL-treated mice have significantly (p < 0.05) higher PCV value, Hb concentration and RBC and WBC counts than negative control. Similarly, treatment of parasitized mice with EESAL restored some indicators of the antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile and liver status altered by malaria. In addition, EESAL was tolerable up to 5000 mg/kg b.w., p.o.
Conclusion
These results indicate that the EESAL possesses antimalarial activity and normalizes alterations in haematological and biochemical status of malaria-infected mice.
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Nyambe MM, Kwembeya EG, Lisao K, Hans R. Oral hygiene in Namibia: A case of chewing sticks. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114203. [PMID: 33992751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chewing sticks have served as the primary form of dental care for rural communities in resource-poor settings for millennia. They are one of the most important under-researched, non-timber forest products in Namibia. This review provides an overview of plants that are used as chewing sticks in Namibia and highlights pharmacological as well as phytochemical studies conducted on them. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to present a summary of studies that have been done on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activity as well as evidence on the scientific validation and geographical distribution of chewing sticks in Namibia. It also highlights research gaps and provides an impetus for the scientific investigations of these plant species. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature searches using keywords including oral hygiene, chewing sticks, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, antimicrobial, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity studies, chewing sticks, and distribution in Namibia on various electronic search engines was conducted. RESULTS Of the 41 plant species identified, Cordia sinensis Lam., Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev. and Harpagophytum zeyheri Decne. are used for both gargling and as mouthwash. The plant families Fabacae, Ebenaceae, and Burseraceae account for 22.0%, 12.2%, and 7.30% of plant species recorded as chewing sticks in Namibia respectively. This study revealed a significant relationship between plant family and scientific validation. Species belonging to Burseraceae, Apocynaceae, Montiniaceae, and Cucurbitaceae families have only been partially validated. The Kunene region, home to the Ovahimba ethnic group, had the highest proportion (87.8%) of chewing sticks species compared to other regions. CONCLUSION This review revealed that most of the plants used as chewing sticks in Namibia require an in-depth pharmacological and phytochemical investigation as deduced from the paucity of literature on the therapeutic methods, mechanisms of action, efficacy, toxicity, and clinical relevance of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moola M Nyambe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Faculty of Science, P/Bag, 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Ezekeil G Kwembeya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia, Faculty of Science, P/Bag, 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Kamuhelo Lisao
- Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism. Directorate of Forestry, P/Bag, 1971, Katima Mulilo, Namibia
| | - Renate Hans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Faculty of Science, P/Bag, 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
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Kediso TE, Tolessa T, Getachew F, Makonnen E, Seifu D. Effect of 70% Ethanol Extract and its Solvent Fractions of Artemisia afra (Jacq. Ex Willd.) against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6690965. [PMID: 34239592 PMCID: PMC8233086 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6690965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artemisia afra (Jacq. ex Willd.), commonly called African wormwood, is a highly aromatic perennial herb and a well-known medicinal plant, claimed to be effective and safe in the treatment of epilepsy. The whole-plant extract is traditionally used as an antiepileptic agent in Ethiopia. Aim of the Study. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of the hydroethanolic extract and solvent fractions of A. afra whole part in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of A. afra hydroethanolic extract and its solvent fractions were evaluated against pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced convulsions in mice. The onset and duration of PTZ-induced convulsions were determined with hydroethanolic A. afra extract and its solvent fractions. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The hydroethanolic extract of A. afra, with all the three doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, showed a significant delay (504.833 ± 62.835 ∗ s; p < 0.05 ∗ ; 551.833 ± 47.69 ∗∗ s; p < 0.01 ∗∗ ; and 808.333 ± 64.8 ∗∗∗ s; p < 0.001 ∗∗∗ , respectively) in the mean onset of convulsion and a decrease (17.000 ± 1.88 ∗∗∗ s, p < 0.05 ∗ ; 13.000 ± 1.8 ∗∗ s, p < 0.01 ∗∗ ; and 7.833 ± 1.07 ∗∗∗ s, p < 0.001, respectively) in the mean duration of convulsion against PTZ-induced convulsion in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control (92.833 ± 13.006 s; 34.167 ± 3.683 s), and its anticonvulsant activity was significantly less compared to that of diazepam (1001.167 ± 68.430 s; 4.500 ± 0.619 s). The solvent fractions, however, did not show anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced convulsion. CONCLUSION Crude extract of A. afra has an anticonvulsant effect in mice. This might be attributed to the synergistic effects of two or more active ingredients present in the herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teketel Eristu Kediso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Arbaminch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Tolessa
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fikirte Getachew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Seifu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
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Adesina DA, Adefolalu SF, Jigam AA, Lawal B. Antiplasmodial effect and sub-acute toxicity of alkaloid, flavonoid and phenolic extracts of Sida acuta leaf on Plasmodium berghei-infected animals. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1790912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Audu Jigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of hybrid chitosan-cerium oxide nanoparticles: As a bionanomaterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1746-1752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abat JK, Kumar S, Mohanty A. Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Four Medicinal Plants of Malvaceae Used in Indian Traditional Medicines: A Review. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:E75. [PMID: 29057840 PMCID: PMC5750599 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ethnomedicinal values of plants form the basis of the herbal drug industry. India has contributed its knowledge of traditional system medicines (Ayurveda and Siddha) to develop herbal medicines with negligible side effects. The World Health Organization has also recognized the benefits of drugs developed from natural products. Abutilon indicum, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Sida acuta and Sida rhombifolia are ethnomedicinal plants of Malvaceae, commonly used in Indian traditional system of medicines. Traditionally these plants were used in the form of extracts/powder/paste by tribal populations of India for treating common ailments like cough and cold, fever, stomach, kidney and liver disorders, pains, inflammations, wounds, etc. The present review is an overview of phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological studies that support many of the traditional ethnomedicinal uses of these plants. Many phytoconstituents have been isolated from the four ethnomedicinal plants and some of them have shown pharmacological activities that have been demonstrated by in vivo and/or in vitro experiments. Ethnomedicinal uses, supported by scientific evidences is essential for ensuring safe and effective utilization of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur Abat
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, Sirifort Road, New Delhi110049, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana124001, India.
| | - Aparajita Mohanty
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, Sirifort Road, New Delhi110049, India.
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