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Silviani D, Zam Astari S, Anggraini Septianingsih D, Hudatul Karomah A, Ilmiawati A, Dyah Syafitri U, Tri Wahyuni W, Siti Aminah N, Insanu M, Rohman A, Rafi M. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HR-MS-Based Metabolomics for Profiling the Sida rhombifolia Metabolites with Different Plant Organs and Cultivation Ages. Chem Biodivers 2023:e202201042. [PMID: 37276379 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant organs and cultivation ages can result in different compositions and concentration levels of plant metabolites. The metabolite profile of plants can be determined using liquid chromatography. This study determined the metabolite profiles of leaves, stems, and roots of Sida rhombifolia at different cultivation ages at 3, 4, and 5 months post-planting (MPP) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The results identified that 41 metabolites in S. rhombifolia extract for all plant organs and cultivation ages. We successfully identified approximately 36 (leaves), 22 (stems), and 18 (roots) compounds in all extract. Using principal component analysis (PCA) with peak area as the variable, we clustered all sample extracts based on plant organs and cultivation ages. As a result of PCA, S. rhombifolia extracts were grouped according to plant organs and cultivation ages. In conclusion, a clear difference in the composition and concentration levels of metabolites was observed in the leaves, stems, and roots of S. rhombifolia harvested at 3-, 4-, and 5-MPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Silviani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Saifrah Zam Astari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Anggraini Septianingsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Advanced Research Laboratory - Institute of Research and Community Service, IPB University, Jalan Palem Raya, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Alfi Hudatul Karomah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Advanced Research Laboratory - Institute of Research and Community Service, IPB University, Jalan Palem Raya, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Auliya Ilmiawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Jl. Taman Kencana No. 3, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia
| | - Utami Dyah Syafitri
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Jl. Taman Kencana No. 3, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Meranti kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Wulan Tri Wahyuni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Jl. Taman Kencana No. 3, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia
| | - Nanik Siti Aminah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo Kampus C Unair, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Insanu
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Tanjung Kampus, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Advanced Research Laboratory - Institute of Research and Community Service, IPB University, Jalan Palem Raya, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Jl. Taman Kencana No. 3, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia
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Imran M, Robert SMJ, Sharma M, Aeri V. Evaluation of Sida cordifolia and Sida rhombifolia extracts in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Polim Med 2023. [PMID: 36975210 DOI: 10.17219/pim/156847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sida cordifolia and Sida rhombifolia are regarded as useful herbs as they have been shown to be effective, inexpensive and harmless in the prevention of diabetes, and are recognized as valuable therapeutic substances. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of S. cordifolia and S. rhombifolia in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy using a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extracts of S. cordifolia and S. rhombifolia were obtained using the Soxhlet method. The hydroalcoholic extract solvent was used in the following proportions: 70:30, 50:50 and 80:20. The 80:20 hydroalcoholic extract was observed to be the most potent. The inhibitory effects of the extract were determined using the α-amylase assay. The most potent extract also underwent total flavonoid, phenolic and free radical scavenging tests, and was incorporated into an animal study. Diabetes was induced in rats by administering nicotinamide (NAD; 230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. In addition to a standard control of pioglitazone, the rats received extract dosages of 100 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day. Body weight, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum albumin, serum creatinine, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and oral glucose tolerance were assessed at various time points. The animals also underwent histopathological examination to observe alterations induced by the treatment. RESULTS Sida cordifolia was the most successful in lowering blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Renal function indices and antioxidant enzyme levels were regained in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, S. cordifolia (200 mg/kg/day) extract, similar to pioglitazone, inhibited the production of advanced glycation byproducts by the kidney. CONCLUSIONS The effects of various S. cordifolia and S. rhombifolia extracts on rats with diabetic nephropathy were observed. Sida cordifolia may be further explored for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and, due to its diverse nature, may be utilized for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, as it provided more significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahaya Mercy Jaquline Robert
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Ahmadi M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Rafiei A, Kardan M, Ebrahimi MA. Sida rhombifolia Exerts Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Human Liver Cancer HepG2 Cells in Vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3677-3684. [PMID: 36444580 PMCID: PMC9930967 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Modern research revealed that plants belonging to the Sida rhombifolia family (Malvaceae) contain biologically active compounds that make them prone to discovering and developing anticancer drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the apoptosis effects of S. rhombifolia extracts in HepG2 Cell Line was performed. METHODS The extractions were prepared, and an MTT assay was applied to evaluate its role in decreasing the viability of HepG2 and HFF cells. Phenolic compounds were analyzed using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). FlowCytometry and RT-qPCR evaluated apoptosis was performed to measure the mRNA expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic mediators. RESULTS The results can be summarized as EtOAc extract was more cytotoxic against the HepG2 cells (IC50= 364.3 µg/mL) compared to MeOH and HEX extracts (720.2 µg/mL) (560.4 µg/mL) with less cytotoxicity in HFF cells (353.2 µg/mL). The HPLC analysis results revealed most phenolic compounds, such as Epicatechin(1.3 mg/g). The EtOAc extract (300 μg/mL) induced 34% apoptosis in HepG2 cells. RT-qPCR data showed upregulation of the proapoptotic gene (Bax) and increased Bax/BCL-2 ratio by S. rhombifolia EtOAc extract (300 μg/mL). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the EtOAc extract of S. rhombifolia is capable of inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells through modulation of the mitochondrial pathway, which explains their antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Ahmadi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. ,Department of Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Mostafa Kardan
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Imran M, Patil SP, Abourehab MAS, Aeri V, Kesharwani P. Quality by design based optimization of Soxhlet extraction and identification of Ephedrine by HPTLC method for Sida rhombifolia and Sida Cordifolia. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5479. [PMID: 35961325 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The study objective was to analyse the phytochemical constituents in aerial extracts of these plants by HPTLC method and optimization by Quality by design. Qualitative analysis of ephedrine in hydro-alcoholic extract was done via HPTLC, using a mobile phase of Toluene: ethyl acetate: chloroform: formic acid in the ratio of 1:0.5:0.5:01 and the peaks were monitored at 366 nm. In hydro-alcoholic aerial part extract Ephedrine was identified by using HPTLC method and the Rf value was found to be 0.69+/-0.01 and 0.69+/-0.01, as compared to the standard sample. The extraction of plant materials was done using different concentration of water and alcohol solvents and Quality by design was applied to optimize the extraction process and to find out the best extraction in 80:20 ration of hydro-alcoholic extract. In hydro-alcoholic extract, the ephedrine was characterized by HPTLC method and compared to standard solution, and this method was used in herbal as well as academic research for identification of ephedrine in poly herbal formulation and ephedrine present in different plant extract. Response surface methodology (RSM) software was utilized to predict the way or choose the best extraction method. Sida rhombifolia and Sida cordifolia can be used as a substitute for Ephedra gerardiana based on HPTLC profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shital Pradeep Patil
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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Abat JK, Kumar S, Mohanty A. Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Four Medicinal Plants of Malvaceae Used in Indian Traditional Medicines: A Review. Medicines (Basel) 2017; 4:E75. [PMID: 29057840 PMCID: PMC5750599 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ethnomedicinal values of plants form the basis of the herbal drug industry. India has contributed its knowledge of traditional system medicines (Ayurveda and Siddha) to develop herbal medicines with negligible side effects. The World Health Organization has also recognized the benefits of drugs developed from natural products. Abutilon indicum, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Sida acuta and Sida rhombifolia are ethnomedicinal plants of Malvaceae, commonly used in Indian traditional system of medicines. Traditionally these plants were used in the form of extracts/powder/paste by tribal populations of India for treating common ailments like cough and cold, fever, stomach, kidney and liver disorders, pains, inflammations, wounds, etc. The present review is an overview of phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological studies that support many of the traditional ethnomedicinal uses of these plants. Many phytoconstituents have been isolated from the four ethnomedicinal plants and some of them have shown pharmacological activities that have been demonstrated by in vivo and/or in vitro experiments. Ethnomedicinal uses, supported by scientific evidences is essential for ensuring safe and effective utilization of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur Abat
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, Sirifort Road, New Delhi110049, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana124001, India.
| | - Aparajita Mohanty
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, Sirifort Road, New Delhi110049, India.
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Chaves OS, Teles YC, Monteiro MM, Mendes Junior LD, Agra MF, Braga VA, Silva TM, Souza MF. Alkaloids and Phenolic Compounds from Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) and Vasorelaxant Activity of Two Indoquinoline Alkaloids. Molecules 2017; 22:E94. [PMID: 28067836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The follow-up of phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) aims to strengthen the chemosystematics and pharmacology of Sida genera and support the ethnopharmacological use of this species as hypotensive herb. The present work reports phytoconstituents isolated and identified from aerial parts of S. rhombifolia by using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. The study led to the isolation of scopoletin (1), scoporone (2), ethoxy-ferulate (3), kaempferol (4), kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glycosyl-6''-α-d-rhamnose (5), quindolinone (6), 11-methoxy-quindoline (7), quindoline (8), and the cryptolepine salt (9). The alkaloids quindolinone (6) and cryptolepine salt (9) showed vasorelaxant activity in rodent isolated mesenteric arteries.
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