1
|
Sousa JN, Sousa BVDO, Santos EPD, Ribeiro GHM, Pereira APM, Guimarães VHD, Queiroz LDRP, Motta-Santos D, Farias LC, Guimarães ALS, de Paula AMB, Santos SHS. Effects of gallic acid and physical training on liver damage, force, and anxiety in obese mice: Hepatic modulation of Sestrin 2 (SESN2) and PGC-α expression. Gene 2024; 926:148606. [PMID: 38788813 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are multifactorial diseases affecting more than one-third of the world's population. Physical inactivity contributes to a positive energy balance and the onset of obesity. Exercise combined with a balanced diet is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve obesity-related disorders. Gallic acid (GA), is a natural endogenous polyphenol found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and wines, with beneficial effects on energetic homeostasis. The present study aims to investigate the effects of exercise training on obese mice supplemented with GA. Animal experimentation was performed with male Swiss mice divided into five groups: ST (standard control), HFD (obese control), HFD + GA (GA supplement), HFD + Trained (training), and HFD + GA + Trained (GA and training). The groups are treated for eight weeks with 200 mg/kg/body weight of the feed compound and, if applicable, physical training. The main findings of the present study show that GA supplementation improves liver fat, body weight, adiposity, and plasma insulin levels. In addition, animals treated with the GA and a physical training program demonstrate reduced levels of anxiety. Gene expression analyses show that Sesn2 is activated via PGC-1α independent of the GATOR2 protein, which is activated by GA in the context of physical activity. These data are corroborated by molecular docking analysis, demonstrating the interaction of GA with GATOR2. The present study contributes to understanding the metabolic effects of GA and physical training and demonstrates a new hepatic mechanism of action via Sestrin 2 and PGC-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Neves Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Berenilde Valéria de Oliveira Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Maciel Pereira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena Dos Reis Pereira Queiroz
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osama E, Khowailed E, Rashed L, Fawzy A, Hassan RM, Harb I, Maher M. Evaluation of skeletal muscle function in male rats with doxorubicin-induced myopathy following various exercise techniques: the significant role of glucose transporter 4. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:797-808. [PMID: 38368293 PMCID: PMC11033232 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
A common anthracycline antibiotic used to treat cancer patients is doxorubicin (DOX). One of the effects of DOX therapy is skeletal muscle fatigue. Our goal in this research was to study the beneficial effect of exercise on DOX-induced damaged muscle fibers and compare the effect of different exercise strategies (prophylactic, post- toxicity and combined) on DOX toxicity. Five groups were created from 40 male rats: group I, control group; group II, DOX was administered intraperitoneally for 2 weeks over 6 equal injections (each 2.5 mg/kg); group III, rats trained for 3 weeks before DOX; group IV, rats trained for 8 weeks after DOX; and group V, rats were trained for 3 weeks before DOX followed by 8 weeks after. Measures of oxidative damage (H2O2, catalase), inflammation (TNF-α), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression on skeletal muscle were assessed. Also, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated. Skeletal performance was evaluated by contraction time (CT), half relaxation time (1/2 RT), and force-frequency relationship by the end of this research. The current study demonstrated a detrimental effect of DOX on skeletal performance as evidenced by a significant increase in CT and 1/2 RT compared to control; in addition, H2O2, TNF-α, and HOMA-IR were significantly increased with a significant decrease in GLUT4 expression and catalase activity. Combined exercise therapy showed a remarkable improvement in skeletal muscle performance, compared to DOX, CT, and 1/2 RT which were significantly decreased; H2O2 and TNF-α were significantly decreased unlike catalase antioxidant activity that significantly increased; in addition, skeletal muscle glucose metabolism was significantly improved as GLUT4 expression significantly increased and HOMA-IR was significantly decreased. Exercise therapy showed significant improvement in all measured parameters relative to DOX. However, combined exercise therapy showed the best improvement relative to both pre-exercise and post-exercise groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Osama
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Effat Khowailed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - L Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Fawzy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rokia Mohamad Hassan
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas Harb
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Maher
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiao C, Liu Z, Qie S. The Implications of Microglial Regulation in Neuroplasticity-Dependent Stroke Recovery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030571. [PMID: 36979506 PMCID: PMC10046452 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes varying degrees of neurological deficits, leading to corresponding dysfunctions. There are different therapeutic principles for each stage of pathological development. Neuroprotection is the main treatment in the acute phase, and functional recovery becomes primary in the subacute and chronic phases. Neuroplasticity is considered the basis of functional restoration and neurological rehabilitation after stroke, including the remodeling of dendrites and dendritic spines, axonal sprouting, myelin regeneration, synapse shaping, and neurogenesis. Spatiotemporal development affects the spontaneous rewiring of neural circuits and brain networks. Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain that contribute to homeostasis under physiological conditions. Microglia are activated immediately after stroke, and phenotypic polarization changes and phagocytic function are crucial for regulating focal and global brain inflammation and neurological recovery. We have previously shown that the development of neuroplasticity is spatiotemporally consistent with microglial activation, suggesting that microglia may have a profound impact on neuroplasticity after stroke and may be a key therapeutic target for post-stroke rehabilitation. In this review, we explore the impact of neuroplasticity on post-stroke restoration as well as the functions and mechanisms of microglial activation, polarization, and phagocytosis. This is followed by a summary of microglia-targeted rehabilitative interventions that influence neuroplasticity and promote stroke recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Zongjian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Almeida EJR, Ibrahim HJ, Chitolina Schetinger MR, de Andrade CM, Cardoso AM. Modulation of Inflammatory Mediators and Microglial Activation Through Physical Exercise in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3221-3240. [PMID: 35962936 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory process in the central nervous system (CNS), in addition to being one of the main features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia are known for their immune functions and have multiple reactive phenotypes related to the types of stages involving neurodegenerative diseases. Depending on the state of activation of microglia in the CNS, it can be neuroprotective or neurotoxic. In this context, AD is a neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease characterized by the deposition of beta-amyloid plaques, formation of fibrillar tangles of tau protein, and loss of neurons due to neurotoxic activation of microglia. However, PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and accumulation of alpha-synuclein in the cortical regions, spinal cord, and brain stem, which occurs by microglial activation, contributing to the neuroinflammatory process. In this aspect, the activation of microglia in both pathologies triggers high levels of inflammatory markers, such as interleukins, and causes the neuroinflammatory process of the diseases. Thus, physical exercise is pointed out as neuroprotective, as it can act to strengthen neurogenesis and reduce the inflammatory process. Therefore, the present review addresses the neuroprotective effect of microglia after different types of physical exercise protocols and evaluates the activity and effects of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory parameters and mechanisms of AD and PD. This review will discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of physical exercise through microglia activation with neuroprotective activity and the role of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in AD and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Department of Small Animal Clinic, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria-RS, Room 121, Veterinary Hospital Building, Avenue Roraima No. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Physical Education From Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences From Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, Rodovia SC 484 - Km 02, Fronteira Sul, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jia Y, Yao Y, Zhuo L, Chen X, Yan C, Ji Y, Tao J, Zhu Y. Aerobic Physical Exercise as a Non-medical Intervention for Brain Dysfunction: State of the Art and Beyond. Front Neurol 2022; 13:862078. [PMID: 35645958 PMCID: PMC9136296 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.862078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and chronic pain, are difficult to effectively treat. These major brain disorders have high incidence and mortality rates in the general population, and seriously affect not only the patient's quality of life, but also increases the burden of social medical care. Aerobic physical exercise is considered an effective adjuvant therapy for preventing and treating major brain disorders. Although the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown, systemic processes may be involved. Here, this review aimed to reveal that aerobic physical exercise improved depression and several brain functions, including cognitive functions, and provided chronic pain relief. We concluded that aerobic physical exercise helps to maintain the regulatory mechanisms of brain homeostasis through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and enhanced synaptic plasticity and inhibition of hippocampal atrophy and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, we also discussed the cross-system mechanisms of aerobic exercise in regulating imbalances in brain function, such as the “bone-brain axis.” Furthermore, our findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of aerobic physical exercise in the fight against brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jia
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhuo
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuina Yan
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Ji
- School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Ji
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jie Tao
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yudan Zhu
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shehata AS, Zidan RA, El-Mahroky SM, Abd El-Baset SA. Efficacy of platelet rich plasma on pancreatic injury induced by renal ischemia reperfusion in adult male rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:188-203. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2044945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azza S. Shehata
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania A. Zidan
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samaa M. El-Mahroky
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Abd El-Baset
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferhat E, Karabekir E, Gultekin K, Orhan K, Onur Y, Nilnur E. Evaluation of the relationship between anti-inflammatory cytokines and adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. KARDIOLOGIIA 2021; 61:61-70. [PMID: 34763640 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.10.n1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aim To clarify the role of interleukin (IL) - 10 and members of its subfamily (IL-19 and IL-26) in cardiac remodeling during the post-myocardial infarction (MI) period.Material and methods A total of 45 patients with ST-segment elevation MI were enrolled. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured at the first day and 14 days post-MI. Left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling (RR) was defined as the reduction of LV end-diastolic volume or LV end-systolic volume by ≥ 12 % in cardiac magnetic resonance images at 6‑mo follow-up. A 12 % increase was defined as adverse remodeling (AR).Results The post-MI first-day median IL-10 (9.7 pg / ml vs. 17.6 pg / ml, p<0.001), median IL-19 (28.7 pg / ml vs. 36.9 pg / ml, p<0.001), and median IL-26 (47.8 pg / ml vs. 90.7 pg / ml, p<0.001) were lower in the RR group compared to the AR group. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the AR group from the first to the 14 days post-MI. However, no significant change was observed in the RR group. Regression analysis revealed that a low IL-10 concentration on the post-MI first day was related to RR (OR=0.76, p=0.035). A 1 % increase in change of IL-10 concentration increased the probability of RR by 1.07 times.Conclusion The concentrations of cytokines were higher in the AR group, but this elevation was not sustained and significantly decreased for the 14 days post-MI. In the RR group, the concentrations of cytokines did not change and stable for the 14 days post-MI. As a reflection of this findings, stable IL-10 concentration may play a role the improvement of cardiac functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyyupkoca Ferhat
- Dr.Nafiz Korez Sincan State Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ercan Karabekir
- Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Karakus Gultekin
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karayigit Orhan
- Ministry of Health Yozgat City Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Yildirim Onur
- Dr.Nafiz Korez Sincan State Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eyerci Nilnur
- Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Department of Medical Biology, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marques CG, Dos Santos Quaresma MVL, Nakamoto FP, Magalhães ACO, Lucin GA, Thomatieli-Santos RV. Does Modern Lifestyle Favor Neuroimmunometabolic Changes? A Path to Obesity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:705545. [PMID: 34621773 PMCID: PMC8490681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.705545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors linked to modern lifestyles, such as physical inactivity, Western diet, and poor sleep quality have been identified as key contributors to the positive energy balance (PEB). PEB rises adipose tissue hypertrophy and dysfunction over the years, affecting cells and tissues that are metabolically critical for energy homeostasis regulation, especially skeletal muscle, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and gut microbiota. It is known that the interaction among lifestyle factors and tissue metabolic dysfunction increases low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and other adverse metabolic disorders. Although immunometabolic mechanisms are widely discussed in obesity, neuroimmunoendocrine pathways have gained notoriety, as a link to neuroinflammation and central nervous system disorders. Hypothalamic inflammation has been associated with food intake dysregulation, which comprises homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms, promoting eating behavior changes related to the obesity prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated and integrated perspective on the effects of Western diet, sleep debt, and physical exercise on the regulation of energy homeostasis and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Subsequently, we discuss the intersection between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation and how it can contribute to energy imbalance, favoring obesity. Finally, we propose a model of interactions between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, providing new insights into preventive and therapeutic targets for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guazzelli Marques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Oumatu Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kodali M, Mishra V, Hattiangady B, Attaluri S, Gonzalez JJ, Shuai B, Shetty AK. Moderate, intermittent voluntary exercise in a model of Gulf War Illness improves cognitive and mood function with alleviation of activated microglia and astrocytes, and enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:135-149. [PMID: 34245811 PMCID: PMC9885810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent cognitive and mood impairments in Gulf War Illness (GWI) are associated with chronic neuroinflammation, typified by hypertrophied astrocytes, activated microglia, and increased proinflammatory mediators in the brain. Using a rat model, we investigated whether a simple lifestyle change such as moderate voluntary physical exercise would improve cognitive and mood function in GWI. Because veterans with GWI exhibit fatigue and post-exertional malaise, we employed an intermittent voluntary running exercise (RE) regimen, which prevented exercise-induced stress. The GWI rats were provided access to running wheels three days per week for 13 weeks, commencing ten weeks after the exposure to GWI-related chemicals and stress (GWI-RE group). Groups of age-matched sedentary GWI rats (GWI-SED group) and naïve rats were maintained parallelly. Interrogation of rats with behavioral tests after the 13-week RE regimen revealed improved hippocampus-dependent object location memory and pattern separation function and reduced anxiety-like behavior in the GWI-RE group compared to the GWI-SED group. Moreover, 13 weeks of RE in GWI rats significantly reversed activated microglia with short and less ramified processes into non-inflammatory/antiinflammatory microglia with highly ramified processes and reduced the hypertrophy of astrocytes. Moreover, the production of new neurons in the hippocampus was enhanced when examined eight weeks after the commencement of RE. Notably, increased neurogenesis continued even after the cessation of RE. Collectively, the results suggest that even a moderate, intermittent physical exercise has the promise to improve brain function in veterans with GWI in association with suppression of neuroinflammation and enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States,Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States,Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Bharathi Hattiangady
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States,Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Sahithi Attaluri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jenny Jaimes Gonzalez
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Bing Shuai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States,Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States,Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States,Corresponding author at: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, United States. (A.K. Shetty)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bussulo SKD, Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Verri WA, Borghi SM. Redox interactions of immune cells and muscle in the regulation of exercise-induced pain and analgesia: implications on the modulation of muscle nociceptor sensory neurons. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:757-775. [PMID: 34238089 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1953696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic interactions among redox status of leukocytes, muscle, and exercise in pain regulation are still poorly understood and limit targeted treatment. Exercise benefits are numerous, including the treatment of chronic pain. However, unaccustomed exercise may be reported as undesirable as it may contribute to pain. The aim of the present review is to evaluate the relationship between oxidative metabolism and acute exercise-induced pain, and as to whether improved antioxidant capacity underpins the analgesic effects of regular exercise. Preclinical and clinical studies addressing relevant topics on mechanisms by which exercise modulates the nociceptive activity and how redox status can outline pain and analgesia are discussed, in sense of translating into refined outcomes. Emerging evidence points to the role of oxidative stress-induced signaling in sensitizing nociceptor sensory neurons. In response to acute exercise, there is an increase in oxidative metabolism, and consequently, pain. Instead, regular exercise can modulate redox status in favor of antioxidant capacity and repair mechanisms, which have consequently increased resistance to oxidative stress, damage, and pain. Data indicate that acute sessions of unaccustomed prolonged and/or intense exercise increase oxidative metabolism and regulate exercise-induced pain in the post-exercise recovery period. Further, evidence demonstrates regular exercise improves antioxidant status, indicating its therapeutic utility for chronic pain disorders. An improved comprehension of the role of redox status in exercise can provide helpful insights into immune-muscle communication during pain modulatory effects of exercise and support new therapeutic efforts and rationale for the promotion of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia K D Bussulo
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsai SH, Cheng HC, Liu HW. Effects of volume-matched resistance training with different loads on glycemic control, inflammation, and body composition in prediabetic older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1400-1406. [PMID: 34265211 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the investigation was to examine the influence of resistance training (RT) with equal volume and varying load on glycemic control, inflammation, and body composition in non-obese prediabetic older adults. Non-obese older adults with prediabetes were randomized into two groups - high-load (80% 1RM) and low-load (40% of 1RM) RT (n=12/group), both with the same training volume. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and blood samples were collected at baseline and again after 10 weeks of RT. Fasting plasma glucose (103.8 vs. 99.9 mg/dL) and the area under the curve (AUC) of OGTT (0-30min) decreased significantly in older adults with prediabetes after 10-weeks of volume-matched RT (p < 0.05). Serum levels of MCP-1 (138.7 vs. 98.5 pg/mL) and TNF-α (1.8 vs. 1.3 pg/mL) showed significant decrease after 10-weeks of high-load RT (p < 0.05). There were no changes in IL-10, IL-6, and CRP levels in both groups. Leptin showed significant decrease after 10-weeks of low-load RT (p < 0.05). Changes in fasting glucose and AUC of OGTT (0-120 min) were positively correlated with changes in MCP-1 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Lean body mass (39.6 vs. 40.3 kg) increased significantly after 10-weeks of volume-matched RT (p < 0.05). Results indicate that equal-volume RT at different loads is beneficial to glycemic control and muscle growth, and high-load RT shows more prominent anti-inflammatory effects. Novelty: ●Short-term high-load resistance training can help older adults bring their blood sugar level back to normal. ●High-load resistance training attenuates aging-associated chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Hsi Tsai
- National Taiwan Normal University, 34879, Department of Physical Education, Taipei, Taiwan;
| | - Hao-Chien Cheng
- National Taiwan Normal University, 34879, Department of Physical Education, Taipei, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- National Taiwan Normal University, 34879, Department of Physical Education, Taipei, Taiwan, 106;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Moreira JBN, Loennechen JP, Wisløff U, Mesquita T. Exercising immune cells: The immunomodulatory role of exercise on atrial fibrillation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 68:52-59. [PMID: 34274371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training is generally beneficial for cardiovascular health, improving stroke volume, cardiac output, and aerobic capacity. Despite these benefits, some evidence indicates that endurance training may increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly in highly trained individuals. Among multiple mechanisms, autonomic tone changes and atrial remodeling have been proposed as main contributors for exercise-induced AF. However, the contribution of local and systemic immunity is poorly understood in the development of atrial arrhythmogenic substrates. Here we aim to update the field of immunomodulation in the context of exercise and AF by compiling and reconciling the most recent evidence from preclinical and human studies and rationalize the applicability of "lone" AF terminology in athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - José Bianco Nascimento Moreira
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Pål Loennechen
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thássio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, California, United States..
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saud A, Luiz RS, Leite APO, Muller CR, Visona I, Reinecke N, Silva WH, Gloria MA, Razvickas CV, Casarini DE, Schor N. Resistance exercise training ameliorates chronic kidney disease outcomes in a 5/6 nephrectomy model. Life Sci 2021; 275:119362. [PMID: 33741414 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or increased albumin excretion leading to renal injury. However, exercise training is an important non-pharmacological intervention that ameliorates and protects against Diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and CKD. AIM Our aim was to evaluate the capability of resistance exercise training (RET) to improve CKD outcomes and the contribution of the renal and muscular Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for RET beneficial effects on a CKD model. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to RET, followed for 10 weeks, and randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham: Sham-operated; sedentary and nephrectomy (5/6Nx) (SNS); exercising post-5/6Nx (SNE); exercising pre-5/6Nx (ENS); exercising pre- and post-5/6Nx (ENE). The systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured. Creatinine, proteinuria, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. After euthanasia Renal and muscular Akt/mTOR signaling pathways were analyzed. KEY FINDING Our study showed that the SNS presented renal injury, hypertension, weight and muscular mass loss and a higher mortality rate. SNS group also decreased renal IL-10 and increased TNF-alfa and TGF-Beta. Renal AKT, mTOR, and rpS6 pathway were increased, PTEN was decreased on SNS. And muscular Akt and mTOR were decreased on SNS. SIGNIFICANCE The RET before and after the 5/6Nx ameliorates all these parameters mentioned above, suggesting that RET is a good non-pharmacological approach to diminish complications frequently found in CKD. We also suggest that the AKT-m-TOR pathway can play an important role in these beneficial outcomes of RET on the CKD animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Saud
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R S Luiz
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A P O Leite
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Tulane University, Department of Physiology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - C R Muller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - I Visona
- Departamento de Patologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N Reinecke
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - W H Silva
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Gloria
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C V Razvickas
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D E Casarini
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - N Schor
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao C, Yang Y, An Y, Yang B, Li P. Cardioprotective role of phyllanthin against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation with increased adenosine triphosphate levels in the mice model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:33-44. [PMID: 32798296 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease is an imperative cause of high morbidity and mortality globally. The cardiac ischemia/reperfusion damage occur in both reperfusion and ischemia. OBJECTIVE In this exploration, we have planned to examine the cardio-protective action of phyllanthin against the myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury (MI-RI) stimulated via coronary artery occlusion, followed by the 10 mg/kg of phyllanthin treatment. The serum cardiac markers and pro-inflammatory markers level was investigated by using the assay kits. The expressions of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers level were investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and ATPase levels level was examined by standard methods. The expression of oxidative stress markers were inspected by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. The heart histology was investigated microscopically. RESULTS The phyllanthin treatment increased the body weight, and heart weight also diminished the infarct size in the MI/RI mice. Cardiac markers status was diminished and the blood pressure markers were augmented by the phyllanthin. Histological analysis revealed the protective role of phyllanthin. Suppressed lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant enzymes were noted in the phyllanthin treated mice MI-RI mice. Phyllanthin appreciably suppressed the pro-inflammatory regulators that is, NF-αB p65, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and enhanced the antioxidant marker expressions. ATPase levels were improved by the phyllanthin in the MI-RI mice. CONCLUSION These novel findings were confirmed the therapeutic role of phyllanthin against the MI-RI in mice. Hence, it can be a promising agent to treat the MI-RI induced cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Toledo-Arruda AC, Sousa Neto IVD, Vieira RP, Guarnier FA, Caleman-Neto A, Suehiro CL, Olivo CR, Cecchini R, Prado CM, Lin CJ, Durigan JLQ, Martins MA. Aerobic exercise training attenuates detrimental effects of cigarette smoke exposure on peripheral muscle through stimulation of the Nrf2 pathway and cytokines: a time-course study in mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:978-986. [PMID: 32813570 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure reduces skeletal muscle function; however, the mechanisms involved have been poorly investigated. The current study evaluated the temporal effects of aerobic exercise training on oxidant and antioxidant systems as well as inflammatory markers in skeletal muscle of mice exposed to CS. Mice were randomly allocated to control, exercise, smoke, and smoke+exercise groups and 3 time points (4, 8, and 12 weeks; n = 12 per group). Exercise training and CS exposure were performed for 30 min/day, twice a day, 5 days/week for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Aerobic exercise improved functional capacity and attenuated the increase in the cachexia index induced by CS exposure after 12 weeks. Concomitantly, exercise training downregulated tumor necrosis factor α concentration, glutathione oxidation, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Keap1 (P < 0.01) and upregulated interleukin 10 concentration, total antioxidant capacity, and mRNA expression of Nrf2, Gsr, and Txn1 (P < 0.01) in muscle. Exercise increased mRNA expression of Hmox1 compared with the control after 12 weeks (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between smoke groups for superoxide dismutase activity and Hmox1 mRNA expression. Exercise training improved the ability of skeletal muscle to adequately upregulate key antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses to detoxify electrophilic compounds induced by CS exposure, and these effects were more pronounced after 12 weeks. Novelty Exercise attenuates oxidative stress in skeletal muscle from animals exposed to CS via Nrf2 and glutathione pathways. Exercise is a helpful tool to control the inflammatory balance in skeletal muscle from animals exposed to CS. These beneficial effects were evident after 12 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Toledo-Arruda
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP 12245-520, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programs in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Brazil University, São Paulo, SP 08230-030, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11060-001, Brazil.,Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, São José dos Campos, SP 12230-002, Brazil
| | - Flávia A Guarnier
- Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Agostinho Caleman-Neto
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Camila L Suehiro
- Department of Pathology, (LIM-22), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Clarice R Olivo
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Chin J Lin
- Department of Pathology, (LIM-22), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kruk J, Kotarska K, Aboul-Enein BH. Physical exercise and catecholamines response: benefits and health risk: possible mechanisms. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:105-125. [PMID: 32020819 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1726343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effect of regular moderate physical exercise (PE) and negative effect of severe exercise and/or overtraining as an activator of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) have been shown in numerous aspects of human health, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, depression, and some types of cancer. Moderate-to-vigorous PE stimulates the SNS activation, releasing catecholamines (CATs) adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine that play an important regulatory and modulatory actions by affecting metabolic processes and the immune system. Summary of the dispersed literature in this area and explanation of the biological mechanisms operating between PE-CATs and the immune system would lead to a better understanding of the beneficial and negative effects of PE on health. This overview aimed to: demonstrate representative literature findings on the exercise released CATs levels, major functions performed by these hormones, their interactions with the immune system and their effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, mechanisms of cytotoxic free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during CATs oxidation, and molecular mechanisms of CATs response to exercise are discussed to demonstrate positive and negative on human health effects. Owing to the large body of the subject literature, we present a representative cross-section of the published studies in this area. The results show a significant role of CATs in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immunity and as generators of ROS, depending on PE intensity and duration. Further investigation of the PE-CATs relationship should validate CATs levels to optimize safe intensity and duration of exercise and individualize their prescription, considering CATs to be applied as markers for a dose of exercise. Also, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms is also needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotarska
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Basil H Aboul-Enein
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mee-Inta O, Zhao ZW, Kuo YM. Physical Exercise Inhibits Inflammation and Microglial Activation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070691. [PMID: 31324021 PMCID: PMC6678635 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that exercise can enhance brain function and attenuate neurodegeneration. Besides improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and function in various brain regions, exercise also modulates multiple systems that are known to regulate neuroinflammation and glial activation. Activated microglia and several pro-inflammatory cytokines play active roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the impacts of exercise on microglial activation. Possible mechanisms involved in exercise-modulated microglial activation are also discussed. Undoubtedly, more studies are needed in order to disclose the detailed mechanisms, but this approach offers therapeutic potential for improving the brain health of millions of aging people where pharmacological intervention has failed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onanong Mee-Inta
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Temporal dynamics of pre and post myocardial infarcted tissue with concomitant preconditioning of aerobic exercise in chronic diabetic rats. Life Sci 2019; 225:79-87. [PMID: 30946838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The different ailments of heart including myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic heart diseases are the foremost trigger of high mortality across the world which is instigated by sedentary life style, chronic hyperglycaemia and atherosclerosis. Albeit strenuous exercise itself induces temporary hypoxia which causes myocardial damage and this vitiosus circulus is poorly understood and has been assumed difficult to break. Present investigation targets temporal dynamics of aerobic exercise treatment induced preconditioning against diabetes associated pre- and post- myocardial injury. The persisting high blood sugar level leads to several biochemical alterations at pre- and post-MI phase. Here, we present the assessment of temporal expression of cardiac biomarkers (CKMB, LDH, cTnI and serum nitrite/nitrate), oxidative stress (myocardial TBARS and reduced NBT), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10), renal biomarkers (BUN, serum creatinine and microproteinuria) and structural alterations of cardio-renal tissue. Aerobic exercise preconditioning significantly downregulate the pathological events or biomarkers and upsurge the physiological biomarkers at both pre- and post-MI phase. The attenuation or returning of pathological makers to lowest level at different time points endorses the therapeutic management of aerobic exercise against diabetic MI. Furthermore, the temporal expression of various cardio-renal biomarkers pattern elucidates that aerobic exercise preconditioning boost the strength and consolidate the cardiac muscles to work under stress. Despite the presence of traditional knowledge about health benefits of aerobic exercise, it is yet to be brought into the clinical arena. In spite of few impending challenges subjected to additional investigations, aerobic exercise preconditioning shows a high degree of promise.
Collapse
|